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Radhakrishna L, Sheokand S, Mondal D, Balakrishna MS. Structural Diversity and Rare η 1 Cu-C Interactions in Cu I Complexes of 1,2,3-Triazole-Functionalized Bisphosphines. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9919-9930. [PMID: 38755737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis of copper complexes of 1,2,3-triazolyl-phosphines: o-Ph2P(C6H4){1,2,3-N3CC6H5)C(PPh2)} (L1), (C6H5){1,2,3-N3C(C6H4(o-PPh2))-C(PPh2)} (L2), 3-Ph2P(C5H3N){1,2,3-N3C(C6H5)C(PPh2)} (L3), o-Ph2P(C6H4){1,2,3-N3C(C5H5N)C(PPh2)} (L4), and {(3,5-Ph2PC6H4-o)21,2,3-N3CCH} (L5). The reactions of L1-L3 with CuI salts afforded dimeric complexes having the general formula [Cu2(μ -X)2L2] (L = L1, X = Cl, Br and I: 1 - 3; L= L2, X = Cl, Br and I: 4- 6; L = L3; X = Cl, Br, and I: 7-9). The reaction of L4 with CuI in a 1:2 molar ratio afforded 1D-coordination polymer [{(CuI)2{o-Ph2P(C6H4){1,2,3-N3C(C5H5N)C(PPh2)}-μ-((k1-N)(k2-P,P))}}]n (10). The reaction of L5 with cuprous halides (CuX) (X = Br, I) yielded mononuclear complexes [CuX{(3,5-Ph2PC6H4-o)21,2,3-N3CCH}-κ2P,P] (X = Br, 12; I, 13). Crystal structures of complexes 12 and 13 showed close interactions between CuI and the triazole C7 carbon. These relatively short Cu···C7 separations may be due to the η1-C interaction (dπ-pπ bond) between the triazolic carbon atom (via pz orbital) and CuI or three-centered two-electron interaction between CuI and the triazolic C-H bond. The existence of the Cu···C interaction was further evinced by the QTAIM analysis in compounds 12 and 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latchupatula Radhakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India
| | - Sonu Sheokand
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India
| | - Dipanjan Mondal
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India
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2
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Naina VR, Singh AK, Shubham, Krätschmer F, Lebedkin S, Kappes MM, Roesky PW. Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes with coumarin-substituted aminodiphosphine and diimine ligands: synthesis and photophysical studies. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12618-12622. [PMID: 37642577 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02317f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes with coumarin-functionalized aminodiphosphine and diimine ligands is described. The complexes show yellow to deep-red phosphorescence in the solid state at ambient temperature with quantum yields up to 21%. The emission color of the complexes can be tuned by systematic modifications in the ligand system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha R Naina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Akhil K Singh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Shubham
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Frederic Krätschmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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3
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Jouaiti A, Ballerini L, Shen HL, Viel R, Polo F, Kyritsakas N, Haacke S, Huang YT, Lu CW, Gourlaouen C, Su HC, Mauro M. Binuclear Copper(I) Complexes for Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305569. [PMID: 37345993 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Two binuclear heteroleptic CuI complexes, namely Cu-NIR1 and Cu-NIR2, bearing rigid chelating diphosphines and π-conjugated 2,5-di(pyridin-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole as the bis-bidentate ligand are presented. The proposed dinuclearization strategy yields a large bathochromic shift of the emission when compared to the mononuclear counterparts (M1-M2) and enables shifting luminescence into the near-infrared (NIR) region in both solution and solid state, showing emission maximum at ca. 750 and 712 nm, respectively. The radiative process is assigned to an excited state with triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3 MLCT) character as demonstrated by in-depth photophysical and computational investigation. Noteworthy, X-ray analysis of the binuclear complexes unravels two interligand π-π-stacking interactions yielding a doubly locked structure that disfavours flattening of the tetrahedral coordination around the CuI centre in the excited state and maintain enhanced NIR luminescence. No such interaction is present in M1-M2. These findings prompt the successful use of Cu-NIR1 and Cu-NIR2 in NIR light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), which display electroluminescence maximum up to 756 nm and peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.43 %. Their suitability for the fabrication of white-emitting LECs is also demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first examples of NIR electroluminescent devices based on earth-abundant CuI emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Jouaiti
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaires, UMR7140 Chimie de la Matiere Complexe, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 4 rue Blaise, Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lavinia Ballerini
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hsiang-Ling Shen
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, 71150, Taiwan
| | - Ronan Viel
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Federico Polo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Kyritsakas
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Fédération de chimie Le Bel - FR2010, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hai-Ching Su
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, 71150, Taiwan
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67083, Strasbourg, France
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Muthig AMT, Wieland J, Lenczyk C, Koop S, Tessarolo J, Clever GH, Hupp B, Steffen A. Towards Fast Circularly Polarized Luminescence in 2-Coordinate Chiral Mechanochromic Copper(I) Carbene Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300946. [PMID: 37272620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of chiral mechanochromic copper(I) cAAC (cAAC=cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene) complexes with a variety of amide ligands have been studied with regard to their photophysical and chiroptical properties to elucidate structure-property relationships for the design of efficient triplet exciton emitters exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence. Depending on the environment, which determines the excited state energies, either thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from 1/3 LLCT states or phosphorescence from 3 LLCT/LC states occurs. However, neither chiral moieties at the carbene nor at the carbazolate ligands provide detectable luminescence dissymmetries glum . An exception is [Cu(phenoxazinyl)(cAAC)], showing orange to deep red TADF with λmax =601-715 nm in solution, powders and in PMMA. In this case, the amide ligand can undergo distortions in the excited state. This design motif leads to the first linear, non-aggregated CPL-active copper(I) complex with glum of -3.4 ⋅ 10-3 combined with a high radiative rate constant of 6.7 ⋅ 105 s-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- André M T Muthig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Justin Wieland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Koop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Muthig AMT, Mrózek O, Ferschke T, Rödel M, Ewald B, Kuhnt J, Lenczyk C, Pflaum J, Steffen A. Mechano-Stimulus and Environment-Dependent Circularly Polarized TADF in Chiral Copper(I) Complexes and Their Application in OLEDs. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4438-4449. [PMID: 36795037 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular emitters that combine circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and high radiative rate constants of the triplet exciton decay are highly attractive for electroluminescent devices (OLEDs) or next-generation photonic applications, such as spintronics, quantum computing, cryptography, or sensors. However, the design of such emitters is a major challenge because the criteria for enhancing these two properties are mutually exclusive. In this contribution, we show that enantiomerically pure {Cu(CbzR)[(S/R)-BINAP]} [R = H (1), 3,6-tBu (2)] are efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with high radiative rate constants of kTADF up to 3.1 × 105 s-1 from 1/3LLCT states according to our temperature-dependent time-resolved luminescence studies. The efficiency of the TADF process and emission wavelengths are highly sensitive to environmental hydrogen bonding of the ligands, which can be disrupted by grinding of the crystalline materials. The origin of this pronounced mechano-stimulus photophysical behavior is a thermal equilibrium between the 1/3LLCT states and a 3LC state of the BINAP ligand, which depends on the relative energetic order of the excited states and is prone to inter-ligand C-H···π interactions. The copper(I) complexes are also efficient CPL emitters displaying exceptional dissymmetry values glum of up to ±0.6 × 10-2 in THF solution and ±2.1 × 10-2 in the solid state. Importantly for application in electroluminescence devices, the C-H···π interactions can also be disrupted by employing sterically bulky matrices. Accordingly, we have investigated various matrix materials for successful implementation of the chiral copper(I) TADF emitters in proof-of-concept CP-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Martin Thomas Muthig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ondřej Mrózek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Ferschke
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rödel
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Björn Ewald
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kuhnt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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6
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Miao H, Zhou Y, Wang P, Huang Z, Zhaxi W, Liu L, Duan F, Wang J, Ma X, Jiang S, Huang W, Zhang Q, Wu D. High-temperature negative thermal quenching phosphors from molecular-based materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1229-1232. [PMID: 36629868 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature negative thermal quenching (NTQ) phosphors are crucial to high-performance light-emitting devices. Herein, we report the high-temperature NTQ effect in deep-red to near-infrared (NIR) emitting copper iodide cluster-based coordination polymers as unconventional phosphors, whose NTQ operating temperature can reach as high as 500 K, the highest temperature reached by NTQ molecular-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Pingping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Zetao Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjiang Zhaxi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Luying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Fengnan Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jinmin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, P. R. China
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China.
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7
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Mrózek O, Mitra M, Hupp B, Belyaev A, Lüdtke N, Wagner D, Wang C, Wenger OS, Marian CM, Steffen A. An Air- and Moisture-stable Zinc(II) Carbene Dithiolate Dimer Showing Fast Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Dexter Energy Transfer Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203980. [PMID: 36637038 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A dimeric ZnII carbene complex featuring bridging and chelating benzene-1,2-dithiolate ligands is highly stable towards air and water. The donor-Zn-acceptor structure leads to visible light emission in the solid state, solution and polymer matrices with λmax between 577-657 nm and, for zinc(II) complexes, unusually high radiative rate constants for triplet exciton decay of up to kr =1.5×105 s-1 at room temperature. Variable temperature and DFT/MRCI studies show that a small energy gap between the 1/3 LL/LMCT states of only 79 meV is responsible for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Time-resolved luminescence and transient absorption studies confirm the occurrence of long-lived, dominantly ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states in solution, allowing for application in Dexter energy transfer photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Mrózek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mousree Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bejamin Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nora Lüdtke
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorothee Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Amouri H. Luminescent Complexes of Platinum, Iridium, and Coinage Metals Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Structural Diversity, and Photophysical Properties. Chem Rev 2023; 123:230-270. [PMID: 36315851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to design luminescent metal compounds has been the focus of recent intense investigations because of the strong σ-donor properties, which bring stability to the whole system and tend to push the d-d dark states so high in energy that they are rendered thermally inaccessible, thereby generating highly emissive complexes for useful applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or featuring chiroptical properties, a field that is still in its infancy. Among the NHC complexes, those containing organic chromophores such as naphthalimide, pyrene, and carbazole exhibit rich emission behavior and thus have attracted extensive interest in the past five years, especially carbene coinage metal complexes with carbazolate ligands. In this review, the design strategies of NHC-based luminescent platinum and iridium complexes with large spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) are described first. Subsequent paragraphs illustrate the recent advances of luminescent coinage metal complexes with nucleophilic- and electrophilic-based carbenes based on silver, gold, and copper metal complexes that have the ability to display rich excited state emissions in particular via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The luminescence mechanism and excited state dynamics are also described. We then summarize the advance of NHC-metal complexes in the aforementioned fields in recent years. Finally, we propose the development trend of this fast-growing field of luminescent NHC-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amouri
- CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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9
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Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Muthig AMT, Wieland J, Koop S, Lenczyk C, Kerner F, Hupp B, Steffen A. Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Copper(I) CAAC Half-Sandwich Complexes as a Highly Modifiable Class of Emitters. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17427-17437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André M. T. Muthig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - Justin Wieland
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hupp
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227Dortmund, Germany
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11
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Muthig AMT, Krumrein M, Wieland J, Gernert M, Kerner F, Pflaum J, Steffen A. Trigonal Copper(I) Complexes with Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligands for Single-Photon Near-IR Triplet Emission. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14833-14844. [PMID: 36069727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular near-IR (NIR) triplet-state emitters are of importance for the development of new, organic-electronics-based telecommunication technologies as optical fibers operating in the corresponding spectral bands allow for data transfer over much longer distances due to the significantly lower attenuation. However, achieving such low-energy triplet excited states with good radiative rate constants is very challenging, and studies regarding the single-photon emission of organometallics in this energy range are scarce. We have prepared a series of trigonal CuI CAAC complexes bearing chelating ligands with O, N, S, and Se donor atoms and studied their photophysical properties in this context. The compounds show weak low-energy absorption in solution between 400 and 500 nm due to mixed Cu → CAAC 1MLCT/LLCT states, resulting in yellow-green to orange appearance, which we have also correlated to the 15N NMR resonances of the π-accepting carbene ligand. In the solid state, phosphorescence from dominant 3(Cu → CAAC) CT states is observed at room temperature. The emission of the complexes is bathochromically shifted in comparison to structurally related linearly coordinated copper(I) CAAC complexes due to structural reorganization in the excited state to a T-shape. For [Cu(dbm)(CAACMe)], the broad phosphorescence with outstanding λmax = 760 nm tailors out to ca. 1100 nm and leads to its proof-of-concept application as a nonclassical single-photon light source, constituting key functional units for the implementation of tap-proof data transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M T Muthig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marcel Krumrein
- Experimental Physics, Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Justin Wieland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Gernert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics, Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Tran JH, Traber P, Seidler B, Görls H, Gräfe S, Schulz M. Ligand‐Induced Donor State Destabilisation – A New Route to Panchromatically Absorbing Cu(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200121. [PMID: 35263478 PMCID: PMC9315043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intense absorption of light to covering a large part of the visible spectrum is highly desirable for solar energy conversion schemes. To this end, we have developed novel anionic bis(4H‐imidazolato)Cu(I) complexes (cuprates), which feature intense, panchromatic light absorption properties throughout the visible spectrum and into the NIR region with extinction coefficients up to 28,000 M−1 cm−1. Steady‐state absorption, (spectro)electrochemical and theoretical investigations reveal low energy (Vis to NIR) metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer absorption bands, which are a consequence of destabilized copper‐based donor states. These high‐lying copper‐based states are induced by the σ‐donation of the chelating anionic ligands, which also feature low energy acceptor states. The optical properties are reflected in very low, copper‐based oxidation potentials and three ligand‐based reduction events. These electronic features reveal a new route to panchromatically absorbing Cu(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Tran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Bianca Seidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Fraunhofer IOF) Albert-Einstein-Str.7 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
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13
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Moutier F, Schiller J, Lecourt C, Khalil AM, Delmas V, Calvez G, Costuas K, Lescop C. Impact of Intermolecular Non‐Covalent Interactions in a Cu
I
8
Pd
II
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Discrete Assembly: Conformers’ Geometries and Stimuli‐Sensitive Luminescence Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104497. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Moutier
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Jana Schiller
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Constance Lecourt
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Vincent Delmas
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Karine Costuas
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
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14
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Ruduss A, Turovska B, Belyakov S, Stucere KA, Vembris A, Baryshnikov G, Ågren H, Lu JC, Lin WH, Chang CH, Traskovskis K. Thiazoline Carbene-Cu(I)-Amide complexes: Efficient White Electroluminescence from Combined Monomer and Excimer Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15478-15493. [PMID: 35345881 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent carbene-metal-amide complexes bearing group 11 metals (Cu, Ag, Au) have recently attracted great attention due to their exceptional emission efficiency and high radiative decay rates (kr). These materials provide a less costly alternative to organic light-emitting diode (OLED) emitters based on more scarce metals, such as Ir and Pt. Herein, a series of eight Cu(I) complexes bearing as yet unexplored 1,3-thiazoline carbenes have been investigated and analyzed with respect to their light emission properties and OLED application. For the first time among the class of copper-based organometallic compounds the formation of efficient electroluminescent excimers is demonstrated. The prevalence of electroluminescence (EL) from either the monomer (bluish green) or the excimer (orange-red) can be adjusted in vacuum-deposited emissive layers by altering the extent of steric encumbrance of the emitter or its concentration. Optimized conditions in terms of the emitter structure and mass fraction allowed a simultaneous EL from the monomer and excimer, which laid the basis for a preparation of a single-emitter white OLED (WOLED) with external quantum efficiency of 16.5% and a maximum luminance of over 40000 cd m-2. Wide overlapping emission bands of the monomer and excimer ensure a device color rendering index (CRI) of above 80. In such a way the prospects of copper complexes as cost-effective materials for lighting devices are demonstrated, offering expense reduction through a cheaper emissive component and a simplified device architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armands Ruduss
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Turovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Sergey Belyakov
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Kitija A Stucere
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jhao-Cheng Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan
| | - Kaspars Traskovskis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048, Riga, Latvia
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15
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Stein L, Boden P, Naumann R, Förster C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Heinze K. The overlooked NIR luminescence of Cr(ppy) 3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3701-3704. [PMID: 35226026 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00680d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cr(ppy)3, a structural analog of the green phosphorescent Ir(ppy)3, emits even in solution at room temperature from a weakly distorted spin-flip state at 910 nm (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine). The low energy arises from an enhanced covalence of the Cr-C bonds as compared to Cr-N bonds. Lower temperature reduces thermally activated decay increasing the emission intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stein
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Förster
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Orange-red emissive Cu(I) complexes bearing Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Veselska O, Guillou N, Diaz-Lopez M, Bordet P, Ledoux G, Lebègue S, Mesbah A, Fateeva A, Demessence A. Sustainable and efficient low‐energy light emitters: a series of one‐dimensional d10 coinage Metal Organic Chalcogenolates, [M(o‐SPhCO2H)]n. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre Bordet
- CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Néel Institute FRANCE
| | - Gilles Ledoux
- CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ILM FRANCE
| | | | - Adel Mesbah
- CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IRCELYON FRANCE
| | | | - Aude Demessence
- CNRS - Lyon University IRCELYON UMR 5256 2 Av Albert EinsteinBat Prettre69626France 69626 VILLEURBANNE FRANCE
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18
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Castro J, Ferraro V, Bortoluzzi M. Visible-emitting Cu( i) complexes with N-functionalized benzotriazole-based ligands. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bidentate benzotriazole-based N-ligands are suited for the preparation of luminescent heteroleptic copper(i) complexes with noticeable emissions related to 3MLCT transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Química, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Valentina Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre (VE), Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
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19
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Yin X, Liu C, Liu S, Cao M, Rawson JM, Xu Y, Zhang B. Structural characterization and luminescence properties of trigonal Cu( i) iodine/bromine complexes comprising cation–π interactions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trigonal copper(i) complexes comprising cation–π interactions achieve satisfactory photoluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yin
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Cao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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20
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Shekhovtsov N, Kokina TE, Vinogradova KA, Panarin AY, Rakhmanova MI, Naumov DY, Pervukhina NV, Nikolaenkova EB, Krivopalov VP, Czerwieniec R, Bushuev MB. Near-infrared emitting copper(I) complexes with a pyrazolylpyrimidine ligand: exploring relaxation pathways. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2898-2911. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear copper(I) complexes [CuL2]I (1), [CuL2]2[Cu2I4]·2MeCN (2) and [CuL2]PF6 (3) with a new chelating pyrazolylpyrimidine ligand, 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4,6-diphenylpyrimidine (L), were synthesized. In the structures of complex cations [CuL2]+, Cu+ ions coordinate...
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21
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Liu N, Liu L, Zhong XX, Li FB, Li FY, Qin HM. Ethynyl π-coordinated and non-coordinated mononuclear Cu( i) halide diphosphine complexes: synthesis and photophysical studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes 4 and 5 emit yellow green delayed fluorescence and complexes 1–3 and 6 and 7 show yellow green to greenish yellow prompt fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Bao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalates Science of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Mei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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22
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Boden P, Di Martino‐Fumo P, Bens T, Steiger S, Albold U, Niedner‐Schatteburg G, Gerhards M, Sarkar B. NIR-Emissive Chromium(0), Molybdenum(0), and Tungsten(0) Complexes in the Solid State at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2021; 27:12959-12964. [PMID: 34237175 PMCID: PMC8519045 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of NIR emitters based on earth-abundant elements is an important goal in contemporary science. We present here Cr(0), Mo(0), and W(0) carbonyl complexes with a pyridyl-mesoionic carbene (MIC) based ligand. A detailed photophysical investigation shows that all the complexes exhibit dual emissions in the VIS and in the NIR region. The emissive excited states are assigned to two distinct triplet states by time-resolved emission and step-scan FTIR spectroscopy at variable temperature, supported by density functional theory. In particular, the NIR emissive triplet state exhibits unprecedented lifetimes of up to 600±10 ns and quantum yields reaching 1.7 ⋅ 10-4 at room temperature. These are the first examples of Cr(0), Mo(0) and W(0) complexes that emit in the NIR II region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Patrick Di Martino‐Fumo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Tobias Bens
- Chair of Inorganic Coordination ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sophie Steiger
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Uta Albold
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Gereon Niedner‐Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Chair of Inorganic Coordination ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
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23
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Orange-red emissive N-hetercycle carbene (NHC) Cu(I) complexes bearing benzimidazolylidene-type ligands: Synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Tomás FM, Peyrot AM, Fagalde F. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and theoretical studies of polypyridine homoleptic Cu (I) complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Lebedkin S, Weigend F, Eichhöfer A. Near-Infrared Luminescence in Trinuclear Mixed-Metal Chalcogenolate Complexes of the Types [M 2Ti(EPh) 6(PPh 3) 2] (M = Cu, Ag; E = S, Se) and [Na(thf) 3] 2[Ti(SPh) 6]. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8936-8945. [PMID: 34110815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optical properties of four new trinuclear chalcogenolato bridged metal complexes [Ag2Ti(SPh)6(PPh3)2], [Na(thf)3]2[Ti(SPh)6], [Cu2Ti(SePh)6(PPh3)2], and [Ag2Ti(SePh)6(PPh3)2] have been investigated by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations and compared to the results published recently for [Cu2Ti(SPh)6(PPh3)2]. All of these compounds are distinguished by efficient near-infrared luminescence at ∼880-1200 nm in the solid state at low temperatures, which remains quite intense for the copper-titanium complexes at ambient temperature with PL quantum yields of 9.5 and 4.8% at λPL = 1090 and 1240 nm for [Cu2Ti(EPh)6(PPh3)2], E = S, Se, respectively. According to the calculations, a peculiar feature of the lowest-energy electronic transitions in these complexes is their high localization on the metal and chalcogen atoms, with negligible contributions of the "external" ligand groups. Correspondingly, the type of atoms in the M2TiE6 (M = Cu, Ag, Na) core structure determines optical properties such as the absorption and emission wavelengths and PL lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Lebedkin
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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27
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Sandoval-Pauker C, Molina-Aguirre G, Pinter B. Status report on copper (I) complexes in photoredox catalysis; photophysical and electrochemical properties and future prospects. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Xu K, Chen BL, Yang F, Liu L, Zhong XX, Wang L, Zhu XJ, Li FB, Wong WY, Qin HM. Largely Color-Tuning Prompt and Delayed Fluorescence: Dinuclear Cu(I) Halide Complexes with tert-Amines and Phosphines. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4841-4851. [PMID: 33711236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent copper(I) halide complexes with bi- and tridentate rigid ligands have gained wide research interests. In this paper, six tetracoordinate dinuclear copper(I) halide complexes, Cu2X2(ppda)2 [ppda = 2-[2-(dimethylamino)phenyl(phenyl)phosphino]-N,N-dimethylaniline, X = I (1), Br (2), Cl (3)] and Cu2X2(pfda)2 [pfda = 2-[2-(dimethylamino)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl(phenyl)phosphino]-N,N-dimethyl-5-trifluoromethylaniline, X = I (4), Br (5), Cl (6)], were successfully prepared and systematically characterized on their structures and photophysical properties. Complexes 1-5 have a centrosymmetric form with a planar Cu2X2 unit, and complex 6 has a mirror symmetry form with a butterfly-shaped Cu2X2. Solid complexes 1, 4, and 5 emit delayed fluorescence at room temperature, intense blue to greenish yellow (λmax = 443-570 nm) light, and their peak wavelengths are located at 443-570 nm with microsecond lifetimes (τ = 0.4-19.2 μs, ΦPL = 0.05-0.48). Complexes 2, 3, and 6 show prompt fluorescence, very weak yellowish green to yellow (λmax = 534-595 nm) emission with peak wavelengths at 534-595 nm, and lifetimes in nanoseconds (τ = 4.4-9.3 ns, ΦPL < 0.0001). (Metal + halide) to ligand and intraligand charge transitions are the main origin of the emission of the complexes. Solution-processed, complex-4-based nondoped and doped devices emit yellow green light with CIE coordinated at (0.41, 0.51), a maximum EQE up to 0.17%, and luminance reaching 75.52 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Bu-Lin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Jin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Bao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Mei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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29
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Hong G, Gan X, Leonhardt C, Zhang Z, Seibert J, Busch JM, Bräse S. A Brief History of OLEDs-Emitter Development and Industry Milestones. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005630. [PMID: 33458866 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have come a long way ever since their first introduction in 1987 at Eastman Kodak. Today, OLEDs are especially valued in the display and lighting industry for their promising features. As one of the research fields that equally inspires and drives development in academia and industry, OLED device technology has continuously evolved over more than 30 years. OLED devices have come forward based on three generations of emitter materials relying on fluorescence (first generation), phosphorescence (second generation), and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (third generation). Furthermore, research in academia and industry toward the fourth generation of OLEDs is in progress. Excerpts from the history of green, orange-red, and blue OLED emitter development on the side of academia and milestones achieved by key players in the industry are included in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hong
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Xuemin Gan
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Céline Leonhardt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Jasmin Seibert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Jasmin M Busch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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30
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Evariste S, Xu C, Calvez G, Lescop C. Straightforward coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry preparation of a discrete solid-state luminescent Cu4 polymetallic compact assembly based on conformationally flexible building blocks. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Moutier F, Schiller J, Calvez G, Lescop C. Self-assembled luminescent Cu( i) tetranuclear metallacycles based on 3,3′-bipyridine ligands. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three luminescent tetranuclear macrocycles are obtained selectively, applying coordination-driven supramolecular processes to the reaction of 3,3′-bipyridine ligand with in situ formed Cu(i) bimetallic units bearing a coordination angle of ca. 120°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Moutier
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Jana Schiller
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
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32
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Boden P, Di Martino-Fumo P, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Seidel W, Heinze K, Gerhards M. Transient FTIR spectroscopy after one- and two-colour excitation on a highly luminescent chromium(III) complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13808-13818. [PMID: 34139001 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of photoactive transition metal complexes with Earth-abundant metals is a rapidly growing research field, where a deeper understanding of the underlying photophysical processes is of great importance. A multitude of potential applications in the fields of photosensitizing, optical sensing, photoluminescence and photoredox catalysis motivates demanding spectroscopic studies. We applied a series of high-level spectroscopic methods on the previously reported highly luminescent chromium(iii) complex [Cr(ddpd)2](BF4)3 (ddpd = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridine-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine) possessing two near-IR emissive doublet states with microsecond lifetimes. Luminescence measurements were performed at temperatures down to about 10 K, showing a remarkable rise of the integrated emission intensity by more than a factor of three. The emissive doublet states were structurally characterized by transient FTIR spectroscopy at 290 K and 20 K, supplemented by ground state FTIR and Raman spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory. According to emission and step-scan FT-IR spectroscopy, the stronger luminescence at lower temperature arises from decreased non-radiative decay via energy transfer to CH vibrational overtones and increased radiative decay based on lowered symmetry. Pump/pump/probe (FTIR) and pump/dump/probe (FTIR) schemes were developed to modulate the excited doublet state populations at 290 and 20 K as a function of specific near-IR pump vs. dump wavelengths. The effect of the second near-IR pulse can be explained by combinations of excited state absorption, ground state absorption and stimulated emission. The successful establishment of these two-colour step-scan FTIR experiments is an important step towards profound studies on further transition metal complexes with energetically close-lying excited states in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick Di Martino-Fumo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfram Seidel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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33
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Schiller J, Schreiner A, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Linking of Cu I Units by Tetrahedral Mo 2 E 2 Complexes (E=P, As). Chemistry 2020; 26:14570-14574. [PMID: 32614109 PMCID: PMC7756472 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Cp2 Mo2 (CO)4 (μ,η2:2 -E2 )] (A: E=P, B: E=As, Cp=C5 H5 ) with the WCA-containing CuI salts ([Cu(CH3 CN)4 ][Al{OC(CF3 )3 }4 ] (CuTEF, C), [Cu(CH3 CN)4 ][BF4 ] (D) and [Cu(CH3 CN)3.5 ][FAl{OC6 F10 (C6 F5 )}3 ] (CuFAl, E)) affords seven unprecedented coordination compounds. Depending on the E2 ligand complex, the counter anion of the copper salt and the stoichiometry, four dinuclear copper dimers and three trinuclear copper compounds are accessible. The latter complexes reveal first linear Cu3 arrays linked by E2 units (E=P, As) coordinated in an η2:1:1 coordination mode. All compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. To define the nature of the Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu interactions, DFT calculations were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schiller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Andrea Schreiner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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34
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Manar KK, Chakrabortty S, Porwal VK, Prakash D, Thakur SK, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Two‐Coordinate Cu(I) and Au(I) Complexes Supported by BICAAC and CAAC Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Soumyadeep Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Vishal Kumar Porwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Darsana Prakash
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
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35
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Gernert M, Balles-Wolf L, Kerner F, Müller U, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Marian CM, Pflaum J, Lambert C, Steffen A. Cyclic (Amino)(aryl)carbenes Enter the Field of Chromophore Ligands: Expanded π System Leads to Unusually Deep Red Emitting Cu I Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8897-8909. [PMID: 32302135 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of copper(I) complexes bearing a cyclic (amino)(aryl)carbene (CAArC) ligand with various complex geometries have been investigated in great detail with regard to their structural, electronic, and photophysical properties. Comparison of [CuX(CAArC)] (X = Br (1), Cbz (2), acac (3), Ph2acac (4), Cp (5), and Cp* (6)) with known CuI complexes bearing cyclic (amino)(alkyl), monoamido, or diamido carbenes (CAAC, MAC, or DAC, respectively) as chromophore ligands reveals that the expanded π-system of the CAArC leads to relatively low energy absorption maxima between 350 and 550 nm in THF with high absorption coefficients of 5-15 × 103 M-1 cm-1 for 1-6. Furthermore, 1-5 show intense deep red to near-IR emission involving their triplet excited states in the solid state and in PMMA films with λemmax = 621-784 nm. Linear [Cu(Cbz)(DippCAArC)] (2) has been found to be an exceptional deep red (λmax = 621 nm, ϕ = 0.32, τav = 366 ns) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter with a radiative rate constant kr of ca. 9 × 105 s-1, exceeding those of commercially employed IrIII- or PtII-based emitters. Time-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence upconversion experiments complemented by quantum chemical calculations employing Kohn-Sham density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction methods as well as temperature-dependent steady-state and time-resolved luminescence studies provide a detailed picture of the excited-state dynamics of 2. To demonstrate the potential applicability of this new class of low-energy emitters in future photonic applications, such as nonclassical light sources for quantum communication or quantum cryptography, we have successfully conducted single-molecule photon-correlation experiments of 2, showing distinct antibunching as required for single-photon emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gernert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Balles-Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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36
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Evariste S, El Sayed Moussa M, Wong H, Calvez G, Yam VW, Lescop C. Straightforward Preparation of a Solid‐state Luminescent Cu
11
Polymetallic Assembly via Adaptive Coordination‐driven Supramolecular Chemistry. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sloane Evariste
- INSA Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226 Université Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Mehdi El Sayed Moussa
- INSA Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226 Université Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Hok‐Lai Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)] and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- INSA Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226 Université Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Vivian Wing‐Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)] and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Christophe Lescop
- INSA Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226 Université Rennes 35000 Rennes France
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37
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El Sayed Moussa M, Khalil AM, Evariste S, Wong HL, Delmas V, Le Guennic B, Calvez G, Costuas K, Yam VWW, Lescop C. Intramolecular rearrangements guided by adaptive coordination-driven reactions toward highly luminescent polynuclear Cu(i) assemblies. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly luminescent solid-state Cu6, Au2Cu10 and Pt4Cu11 derivatives are obtained in one step reaction thanks to adaptive coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry using pre-assembled flexible Cu(i) precursors.
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38
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Evariste S, Khalil AM, Kerneis S, Xu C, Calvez G, Costuas K, Lescop C. Luminescent vapochromic single crystal to single crystal transition in one-dimensional coordination polymer featuring the first Cu(i) dimer bridged by an aqua ligand. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vapochromic luminescence caused by included solvent mobility is observed in reversible single-crystal to single-crystal (SC–SC) transitions in a one-dimensional coordination polymer bearing the first reported water molecule bridging two Cu(i) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloane Evariste
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Ali Moustafa Khalil
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Sebastien Kerneis
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Chendong Xu
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Karine Costuas
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
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39
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Yue CY, Sun C, Li DY, Dong YH, Wang CL, Zhao HF, Jiang H, Jing ZH, Lei XW. Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Heterometallic Halides with Low-Dimensional Structures and Red Photoluminescence Emissions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10304-10312. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Han Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wu Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
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40
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Chotard F, Romanov AS, Hughes DL, Linnolahti M, Bochmann M. Zwitterionic Mixed-Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Chotard
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | | | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; Joensuu Campus FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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41
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Chakkaradhari G, Eskelinen T, Degbe C, Belyaev A, Melnikov AS, Grachova EV, Tunik SP, Hirva P, Koshevoy IO. Oligophosphine-thiocyanate Copper(I) and Silver(I) Complexes and Their Borane Derivatives Showing Delayed Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3646-3660. [PMID: 30793896 PMCID: PMC6727211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The series of chelating phosphine
ligands, which contain bidentate P2 (bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether, DPEphos; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene,
Xantphos; 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene, dppb), tridentate P3 (bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)phenylphosphine),
and tetradentate P4 (tris(2-diphenylphosphino)phenylphosphine)
ligands, was used for the preparation of the corresponding dinuclear
[M(μ2-SCN)P2]2 (M = Cu, 1, 3, 5; M = Ag, 2, 4, 6) and mononuclear
[CuNCS(P3/P4)] (7, 9) and
[AgSCN(P3/P4)] (8, 10) complexes.
The reactions of P4 with silver
salts in a 1:2 molar ratio produce tetranuclear clusters [Ag2(μ3-SCN)(t-SCN)(P4)]2 (11) and [Ag2(μ3-SCN)(P4)]22+ (12). Complexes 7–11 bearing terminally coordinated SCN ligands were efficiently
converted into derivatives 13–17 with
the weakly coordinating –SCN:B(C6F5)3 isothiocyanatoborate ligand. Compounds 1 and 5–17 exhibit thermally
activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) behavior in the solid state.
The excited states of thiocyanate species are dominated by the ligand
to ligand SCN → π(phosphine) charge transfer transitions
mixed with a variable contribution of MLCT. The boronation of SCN
groups changes the nature of both the S1 and T1 states to (L + M)LCT d,p(M, P) → π(phosphine). The
localization of the excited states on the aromatic systems of the
phosphine ligands determines a wide range of luminescence energies
achieved for the title complexes (λem varies from
448 nm for 1 to 630 nm for 10c). The emission
of compounds 10 and 15, based on the P4 ligand, strongly depends on the
solid-state packing (λem = 505 and 625 nm for two
crystalline forms of 15), which affects structural reorganizations
accompanying the formation of electronically excited states. Copper(I) and silver(I) thiocyanate complexes containing di-, tri-,
and tetraphosphine ligands show efficient TADF in the solid state,
dominated by the ligand to ligand SCN → π(phosphine)
charge transfer, which is changed to d,p(M, P) → π(phosphine)
transitions for the isothiocyanatoborate derivatives. The wide variation
of the emission color from blue (448 nm) to red-orange (630 nm) is
attributed to the nature of the P-donor ligands and the packing effects,
influencing structural distortions in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toni Eskelinen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , 80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Cecilia Degbe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , 80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , 80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Alexey S Melnikov
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University , Polytechnicheskaya, 29 , 195251 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Pipsa Hirva
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , 80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , 80101 Joensuu , Finland
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42
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Yu X, Fan W, Wang G, Lin S, Li Z, Liu M, Yang Y, Xin X, Jin Q. Synthesis, structures, luminescence and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of nine Cu(I) complexes with P^P ligands and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Zhu N, Wang G, Lin S, Li ZF, Xin XL, Yang YP, Liu M, Jin QH. New discovery in crystallography: correlation of terahertz time-domain spectra with crystal structures and photoluminescence properties of mononuclear/binuclear diimine–Cu(i)-phosphine complexes. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A method was provided for qualitatively determining the photoluminescence quantum yield of diimine–Cu(i) complex by the waveform of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Zhong-Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xiu-Lan Xin
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- School of Science
- Minzu University of China
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Min Liu
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Univerity of Technology
- Beijing 100022
- China
| | - Qiong-Hua Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
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44
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Elsayed Moussa M, Piesch M, Fleischmann M, Schreiner A, Seidl M, Scheer M. Highly soluble Cu(i)-acetonitrile salts as building blocks for novel phosphorus-rich organometallic-inorganic compounds. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16031-16035. [PMID: 30321246 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03723j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the air-stable and highly soluble Cu(i)-acetonitrile salts [Cu(CH3CN)3.5][FAl] (1) ([FAl] = FAl{OC(C6F10)(C6F5)}3) and [Cu(CH3CN)4][TEF] (2) ([TEF] = Al{OC(CF3)3}4) is presented. Compound 1 reacts with the organometallic polyphosphorus complexes [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(η2-P2)] (A) and [(Cp*Fe(η5-P5)] (B) and salt 2 reacts with B to form one new (3) and three unprecedented (4-6) phosphorus-rich Cu(i) dimers with the general formulas [Cu2(μ,η1:η1-A)2(η2-A)2][FAl]2 (3), [Cu2(μ,η1:η1-A)2(η1-CH3CN)4][FAl]2 (4), [Cu2(μ,η1:η1-B)2(η1-CH3CN)4][FAl]2 (5) and [Cu2(μ,η1:η1-B)2(η1-CH3CN)4][TEF]2 (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Elsayed Moussa
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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45
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Ilmi R, Juma Al-busaidi I, Haque A, Khan MS. Recent progress in coordination chemistry, photo-physical properties, and applications of pyridine-based Cu(I) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1509070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ilmi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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46
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Synthesis and characterization of phosphorescent three-coordinate copper(I) complexes bearing bis(amino)cyclopropenylidene carbene (BAC). Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Artem'ev AV, Samsonenko DG, Antonova OV. CuI-based coordination polymers with 2-thiazolyl sulfide ligands: First examples. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Otto S, Förster C, Wang C, Resch-Genger U, Heinze K. A Strongly Luminescent Chromium(III) Complex Acid. Chemistry 2018; 24:12555-12563. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Otto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM); Richard Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM); Richard Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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49
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Mondal R, Lozada IB, Davis RL, Williams JAG, Herbert DE. Site-Selective Benzannulation of N-Heterocycles in Bidentate Ligands Leads to Blue-Shifted Emission from [(P^N)Cu]2(μ-X)2 Dimers. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:4966-4978. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Issiah B. Lozada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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50
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Reim I, Wriedt B, Tastan Ü, Ziegenbalg D, Karnahl M. Impact of the Type of Reactor and the Catalytic Conditions on the Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Using a Fully Noble-Metal-Free System. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Reim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Benjamin Wriedt
- Institute of Chemical Technology; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ümit Tastan
- Institute of Chemical Technology; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical Technology; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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