1
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Benarib S, Munoz M, Kieffer I, Hazemann JL, Dacheux N, Clavier N. Reductive hydrothermal conversion of uranyl oxalates into UO 2+x monitored by in situ XANES analyses. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13982-13995. [PMID: 39101845 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01451k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal conversion of actinide oxalates has recently gained attention as an innovative fabrication route for nuclear fuels but has remained mainly limited to tetra- or tri-valent cations. We report herein the reductive conversion of mixtures of uranyl and oxalate ions into UO2+x oxides under mild hydrothermal conditions (T = 250 °C). A multi-parametric study first led to specifying the optimal conditions in terms of pH, oxalate/U ratio and duration to provide a quantitative precipitation of uranium in the hyper-stoichiometric dioxide form with pH = 0.8; R = noxalate/nU = 3, and t = 72 hours. Particularly, pH was evidenced as a key parameter, with 3 different compounds obtained over a range of only 0.4 units. The mechanism leading to the formation of UO2+x was then investigated thanks to an in situ XANES study. Analysis of the supernatant showed that U(VI) was quickly reduced into U(IV) thanks to the presence of oxalates and/or their decomposition products in solution, following first-order kinetics. Tetravalent uranium was then hydrolysed, leading to the precipitation of UO2+x as the only crystalline phase. This study thus demonstrates that the hydrothermal conversion of actinide oxalates into oxides is an extremely versatile tool that can be implemented in a large variety of chemical systems, particularly in terms of the oxidation state of the cations initially present in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Benarib
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze, France.
| | - Maëva Munoz
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze, France.
| | - Isabelle Kieffer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, UAR CNRS 832, OSUG, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Nicolas Dacheux
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze, France.
| | - Nicolas Clavier
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze, France.
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2
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Silva CL, Amidani L, Retegan M, Weiss S, Bazarkina EF, Graubner T, Kraus F, Kvashnina KO. On the origin of low-valent uranium oxidation state. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6861. [PMID: 39127780 PMCID: PMC11316815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant interest in actinide bonding has recently focused on novel compounds with exotic oxidation states. However, the difficulty in obtaining relevant high-quality experimental data, particularly for low-valent actinide compounds, prevents a deeper understanding of 5f systems. Here we show X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements in the high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode at the uranium M4 edge for the UIII and UIV halides, namely UX3 and UX4 (X = F, Cl, Br, I). The spectral shapes of these two series exhibit clear differences, which we explain using electronic structure calculations of the 3d-4f resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) process. To understand the changes observed, we implemented crystal field models with ab initio derived parameters and investigated the effect of reducing different contributions to the electron-electron interactions involved in the RIXS process. Our analysis shows that the electron-electron interactions weaken as the ligand changes from I to F, indicative of a decrease in ionicity both along and between the UX3 and UX4 halide series.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Silva
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - L Amidani
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, 01314, Dresden, Germany.
| | - M Retegan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - S Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - E F Bazarkina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Graubner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - F Kraus
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - K O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, 01314, Dresden, Germany.
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Li RS, Wang JT, Liu ZY, Zhou XH, Cao ZL, Xie Z. Electron correlation and relativistic effects on the electronic properties of a plutonium and americium mixed oxide (PuAmO 4): from single-particle approximation to dynamical mean-field theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30391-30404. [PMID: 37909910 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations were performed on a plutonium and americium mixed oxide (PuAmO4), aiming at revealing the effects of electron correlation, Pu/Am 5f-conduction electrons' hybridization, and relativity on its electronic properties. The many-body calculation suggests that the spin-orbit-coupling (SOC)-splitting of j = 5/2 and j = 7/2 manifolds are both in the weakly and moderately correlated states, respectively, implying that the jj coupling scheme is more appropriate for Pu/Am 5f electrons. The density of states, 5f occupation numbers, and Green's functions all suggest that both Pu and Am 5f electrons exhibit the coexistence of the localized and delocalized states. The admixture of 5fn atomic configurations, Pu/Am 5f-conduction electrons' hybridization, and dual characteristics of 5f electrons yield average occupation numbers of 5f electrons n5f = 4.78 and 5.86 for Pu and Am ions, respectively. Within the DFT+DMFT calculation, the weighted-summation-derived occupation numbers in terms of 5f4/5f5/5f6 and 5f5/5f6 configurations for Pu and Am 5f electrons, respectively, are in reasonable agreement with those of other DFT-based calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Song Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Jin-Tao Wang
- School of Nuclear Engineering, Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of High Technology, Beijing 100077, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Ze-Lin Cao
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Zheng Xie
- College of Rare Earth and Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
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4
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Li RS, He YS, Cao ZL, Liu ZY, Wang YM, Li S, Xie Z. Valence Fluctuation of Uranium Ions in Uranium Sesquinitride Revealed by Dynamical Mean-field Theory Merged with Density Functional Theory. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300242. [PMID: 37369624 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties, in particular, the occupation number of 5f electrons and the valence state of U ions in uranium sesquinitride (U2 N3 ) are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations merged with dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). The results demonstrate that j=5/2 and j=7/2 manifolds are in the weakly correlated metallic and weakly correlated insulating regimes, respectively. The quasi-particle weights indicate that LS coupling scheme is more feasible for 5f electrons, which are not in the orbital-selective localized state. The weighted summation of the occupation probabilities of 5fn (n=0,1,2,3,4) atomic configurations suggests that 5f electrons have the inter-configuration fluctuation, or the mixed-valence state for U ions, together with an average occupation number of 5f electrons n5f ∼2.234, which is in good agreement with the electron localization function (ELF) and occupation analysis based on other DFT-based calculations. The 5fn -mixing-driven inter-configuration fluctuation might originate from the dual nature of 5f electrons, and the flexible electronic configuration of U ions. Finally, the so-called quasiparticle band structure is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Song Li
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Applied Technology of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an, 710123, China
| | - Yu-Song He
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Applied Technology of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an, 710123, China
| | - Ze-Lin Cao
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Applied Technology of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an, 710123, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Research Institute of Beijing High Technology, Beijing, 100077, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Wang
- Research Institute of Beijing High Technology, Beijing, 100077, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Applied Technology of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an, 710123, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- College of Rare Earth and Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
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Li J, Liu X, Jonsson M. Exploring the Change in Redox Reactivity of UO 2 Induced by Exposure to Oxidants in HCO 3- Solution. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7413-7423. [PMID: 37128775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the possible change in UO2 surface reactivity after exposure to oxidants is of key importance when assessing the impact of spent nuclear fuel dissolution on the safety of a repository for spent nuclear fuel. In this work, we have experimentally studied the change in UO2 reactivity after consecutive exposures to O2 or γ-radiation in aqueous solutions containing 10 mM HCO3-. The experiments show that the reactivity of UO2 toward O2 decreases significantly with time in a single exposure. In consecutive exposures, the reactivity also decreases from exposure to exposure. In γ-radiation exposures, the system reaches a steady state and the rate of uranium dissolution becomes governed by the radiolytic production of oxidants. Changes in surface reactivity can therefore not be observed in the irradiated system. The potential surface modification responsible for the change in UO2 reactivity was studied by XPS and UPS after consecutive exposures to either O2, H2O2, or γ-radiation in 10 mM HCO3- solution. The results show that the surfaces were significantly oxidized to a stoichiometric ratio of O/U of UO2.3 under all the three exposure conditions. XPS results also show that the surfaces were dominated by U(V) with no observed U(VI). The experiments also show that U(V) is slowly removed from the surface when exposed to anoxic aqueous solutions containing 10 mM HCO3-. The UPS results show that the outer ultrathin layer of the surfaces most probably contains a significant amount of U(VI). U(VI) may form upon exposure to air during the rinsing process with water prior to XPS and UPS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Mats Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Uranium oxides structural transformation in human body liquids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4088. [PMID: 36906622 PMCID: PMC10008576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Uranium oxide microparticles ingestion is one of the potential sources of internal radiation doses to the humans at accidental or undesirable releases of radioactive materials. It is important to predict the obtained dose and possible biological effect of these microparticles by studying uranium oxides transformations in case of their ingestion or inhalation. Using a combination of methods, a complex examination of structural changes of uranium oxides in the range from UO2 to U4O9, U3O8 and UO3 as well as before and after exposure of uranium oxides in simulated biological fluids: gastro-intestinal and lung-was carried out. Oxides were thoroughly characterized by Raman and XAFS spectroscopy. It was determined that the duration of expose has more influence on all oxides transformations. The greatest changes occurred in U4O9, that transformed into U4O9-y. UO2.05 and U3O8 structures became more ordered and UO3 did not undergo significant transformation.
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7
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Li RS, Liu ZY, Wang YM, Li S, Zhang PJ, Cao ZL. Inter-configuration fluctuation for 5f electrons in uranium hexafluoride: A many-body study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Davis L, Hania R, Boomstra D, Rossouw D, Charpin-Jacobs F, Uhlir J, Maracek M, Beckers H, Riedel S. Radiolytic Production of Fluorine Gas from MSR Relevant Fluoride Salts. NUCL SCI ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295639.2022.2129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lance Davis
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Westerduinweg 3, NL-1755, LE Petten, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science & Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Hania
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Westerduinweg 3, NL-1755, LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Boomstra
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Westerduinweg 3, NL-1755, LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Dillon Rossouw
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Westerduinweg 3, NL-1755, LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Charpin-Jacobs
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Westerduinweg 3, NL-1755, LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Uhlir
- Research Centre Rez, Hlavni 130, CZ-250 68, Husinec-Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maracek
- Research Centre Rez, Hlavni 130, CZ-250 68, Husinec-Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Saurette EM, Frinfrock YZ, Verbuyst B, Blowes DW, McBeth JM, Ptacek CJ. Improved precision in As speciation analysis with HERFD-XANES at the As K-edge: the case of As speciation in mine waste. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1198-1208. [PMID: 36073878 PMCID: PMC9455218 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522007068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) is a spectroscopic method that allows for increased spectral feature resolution, and greater selectivity to decrease complex matrix effects compared with conventional XANES. XANES is an ideal tool for speciation of elements in solid-phase environmental samples. Accurate speciation of As in mine waste materials is important for understanding the mobility and toxicity of As in near-surface environments. In this study, linear combination fitting (LCF) was performed on synthetic spectra generated from mixtures of eight measured reference compounds for both HERFD-XANES and transmission-detected XANES to evaluate the improvement in quantitative speciation with HERFD-XANES spectra. The reference compounds arsenolite (As2O3), orpiment (As2S3), getchellite (AsSbS3), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), kaňkite (FeAsO4·3.5H2O), scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O), sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4), and realgar (As4S4) were selected for their importance in mine waste systems. Statistical methods of principal component analysis and target transformation were employed to determine whether HERFD improves identification of the components in a dataset of mixtures of reference compounds. LCF was performed on HERFD- and total fluorescence yield (TFY)-XANES spectra collected from mine waste samples. Arsenopyrite, arsenolite, orpiment, and sodium arsenate were more accurately identified in the synthetic HERFD-XANES spectra compared with the transmission-XANES spectra. In mine waste samples containing arsenopyrite and either scorodite or kaňkite, LCF with HERFD-XANES measurements resulted in fits with smaller R-factors than concurrently collected TFY measurements. The improved accuracy of HERFD-XANES analysis may provide enhanced delineation of As phases controlling biogeochemical reactions in mine wastes, contaminated soils, and remediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Saurette
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Y. Zou Frinfrock
- Structural Biology Center, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Brent Verbuyst
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - David W. Blowes
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joyce M. McBeth
- Department of Geology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Carol J. Ptacek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Jiang S, Zhong Y, Wu Y, Li M, Shi W. Chemical Species Transformation during the Dissolution Process of U 3O 8 and UO 3 in the LiCl–KCl–AlCl 3 Molten Salt. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6519-6529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilin Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuke Zhong
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanze Wu
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Köhler L, Patzschke M, Bauters S, Vitova T, Butorin SM, Kvashnina KO, Schmidt M, Stumpf T, März J. Insights into the Electronic Structure of a U(IV) Amido and U(V) Imido Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200119. [PMID: 35179271 PMCID: PMC9310906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the N-heterocylic carbene ligand i PrIm (L1 ) and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (TMSA) as a base with UCl4 resulted in U(IV) and U(V) complexes. Uranium's +V oxidation state in (HL1 )2 [U(V)(TMSI)Cl5 ] (TMSI=trimethylsilylimido) (2) was confirmed by HERFD-XANES measurements. Solid state characterization by SC-XRD and geometry optimisation of [U(IV)(L1 )2 (TMSA)Cl3 ] (1) indicated a silylamido ligand mediated inverse trans influence (ITI). The ITI was examined regarding different metal oxidation states and was compared to transition metal analogues by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Köhler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)Institute of Resource EcologyBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Patzschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)Institute of Resource EcologyBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Stephen Bauters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)Institute of Resource EcologyBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF at the European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy MaterialsX-ray Photon ScienceDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityP.O. Box 516SE-751 20UppsalaSweden
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)Institute of Resource EcologyBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF at the European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)Institute of Resource EcologyBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)Institute of Resource EcologyBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Juliane März
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)Institute of Resource EcologyBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
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12
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Kvashnina KO, Butorin SM. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at actinide M 4,5 and ligand K edges: what we know, what we want to know, and what we can know. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:327-342. [PMID: 34874022 PMCID: PMC8725612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have progressively recognized the role of electronic structures in the characterization of chemical properties for actinide containing materials. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 edges emerged as a promising direction because this method can probe actinide properties at the atomic level through the possibility of reducing the experimental spectral width below the natural core-hole lifetime broadening. Parallel to the technical developments of the X-ray method and experimental discoveries, theoretical models, describing the observed electronic structure phenomena, have also advanced. In this feature article, we describe the latest progress in the field of high-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 and ligand K edges and we show that the methods are able to (a) provide fingerprint information on the actinide oxidation state and ground state characters (b) probe 5f occupancy, non-stoichiometry, defects, and ligand/metal ratio and (c) investigate the local symmetry and effects of the crystal field. We discuss the chemical aspects of the electronic structure in terms familiar to chemists and materials scientists and conclude with a brief description of new opportunities and approaches to improve the experimental methodology and theoretical analysis for f-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bes R, Leinders G, Kvashnina K. Application of multi-edge HERFD-XAS to assess the uranium valence electronic structure in potassium uranate (KUO 3). JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:21-29. [PMID: 34985419 PMCID: PMC8733981 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The uranium valence electronic structure in the prototypical undistorted perovskite KUO3 is reported on the basis of a comprehensive experimental study using multi-edge HERFD-XAS and relativistic quantum chemistry calculations based on density functional theory. Very good agreement is obtained between theory and experiments, including the confirmation of previously reported Laporte forbidden f-f transitions and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. Many spectral features are clearly identified in the probed U-f, U-p and U-d states and the contribution of the O-p states in those features could be assessed. The octahedral crystal field strength, 10Dq, was found to be 6.6 (1.5) eV and 6.9 (4) eV from experiment and calculations, respectively. Calculated electron binding energies down to U-4f states are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bes
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gregory Leinders
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Kristina Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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14
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Mixed 5f atomic configurations in two polymorphic forms of uranium pentafluoride. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Hurley DH, El-Azab A, Bryan MS, Cooper MWD, Dennett CA, Gofryk K, He L, Khafizov M, Lander GH, Manley ME, Mann JM, Marianetti CA, Rickert K, Selim FA, Tonks MR, Wharry JP. Thermal Energy Transport in Oxide Nuclear Fuel. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3711-3762. [PMID: 34919381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To efficiently capture the energy of the nuclear bond, advanced nuclear reactor concepts seek solid fuels that must withstand unprecedented temperature and radiation extremes. In these advanced fuels, thermal energy transport under irradiation is directly related to reactor performance as well as reactor safety. The science of thermal transport in nuclear fuel is a grand challenge as a result of both computational and experimental complexities. Here we provide a comprehensive review of thermal transport research on two actinide oxides: one currently in use in commercial nuclear reactors, uranium dioxide (UO2), and one advanced fuel candidate material, thorium dioxide (ThO2). In both materials, heat is carried by lattice waves or phonons. Crystalline defects caused by fission events effectively scatter phonons and lead to a degradation in fuel performance over time. Bolstered by new computational and experimental tools, researchers are now developing the foundational work necessary to accurately model and ultimately control thermal transport in advanced nuclear fuels. We begin by reviewing research aimed at understanding thermal transport in perfect single crystals. The absence of defects enables studies that focus on the fundamental aspects of phonon transport. Next, we review research that targets defect generation and evolution. Here the focus is on ion irradiation studies used as surrogates for damage caused by fission products. We end this review with a discussion of modeling and experimental efforts directed at predicting and validating mesoscale thermal transport in the presence of irradiation defects. While efforts in these research areas have been robust, challenging work remains in developing holistic tools to capture and predict thermal energy transport across widely varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Hurley
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Anter El-Azab
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthew S Bryan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael W D Cooper
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Cody A Dennett
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Krzysztof Gofryk
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Lingfeng He
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Marat Khafizov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 West 19th Ave, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gerard H Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael E Manley
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - J Matthew Mann
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Chris A Marianetti
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Karl Rickert
- KBR, 2601 Mission Point Boulevard, Suite 300, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Farida A Selim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, 705 Ridge Street, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Michael R Tonks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 158 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Janelle P Wharry
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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16
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Amidani L, Retegan M, Volkova A, Popa K, Martin PM, Kvashnina KO. Probing the Local Coordination of Hexavalent Uranium and the Splitting of 5f Orbitals Induced by Chemical Bonding. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16286-16293. [PMID: 34677932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of hexavalent uranium in various local configurations with a high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure at the U M4 edge. We show the pronounced sensitivity of the technique to the arrangement of atoms around the absorber and provide a detailed theoretical interpretation revealing the nature of spectral features. Calculations based on density functional theory and on crystal field multiplet theory indicate that for all local configurations analyzed, the main peak corresponds to nonbonding 5f orbitals, and the highest energy peak corresponds to antibonding 5f orbitals. Our findings agree with the accepted interpretation of uranyl spectral features and embed the latter in a broader field of view, which interprets the spectra of a large variety of U6+-containing samples on a common theoretical ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amidani
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Retegan
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Anna Volkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karin Popa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Nuclear Safety and Security Directorate, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Philippe M Martin
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Majumdar A, Manukyan KV, Dede S, Roach JM, Robertson D, Burns PC, Aprahamian A. Irradiation-Driven Restructuring of UO 2 Thin Films: Amorphization and Crystallization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35153-35164. [PMID: 34270887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combustion synthesis in uranyl nitrate-acetylacetone-2-methoxyethanol solutions was used to deposit thin UO2 films on aluminum substrates to investigate the irradiation-induced restructuring processes. Thermal analysis revealed that the combustion reactions in these solutions are initiated at ∼160 °C. The heat released during the process and the subsequent brief annealing at 400 °C allow the deposition of polycrystalline films with 5-10 nm UO2 grains. The use of multiple deposition cycles enables tuning of the film thicknesses in the 35-260 nm range. Irradiation with Ar2+ ions (1.7 MeV energy and a fluence of up to 1 × 1017 ions/cm2) is utilized to generate a uniform distribution of atomic displacements within the films. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and alpha-particle emission spectroscopy showed that the films were stable under irradiation and did not undergo sputtering degradation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the stoichiometry and uranium ionic concentrations remain stable during irradiation. The high-resolution electron microscopy imaging and electron diffraction analysis demonstrated that at the early stages of irradiation (below 1 × 1016 ion/cm2) UO2 films show complete amorphization and beam-induced densification (sintering), resulting in a pore-free disordered film. Prolonged irradiation (5 × 1016 ion/cm2) is shown to trigger a crystallization process at the surface of the films that moves toward the UO2/Al interface, converting the entire amorphous material into a highly crystalline film. This work reports on an entirely different radiation-induced restructuring of the nanoscale UO2 compared to the coarse-grained counterpart. The preparation of thin UO2 films deposited on Al substrates fills an area of national need within the stockpile stewardship program of the National Nuclear Security Administration and fundamental research with actinides. The method reported in this work produces pure, robust, and uniform thin-film actinide targets for nuclear science measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashabari Majumdar
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Khachatur V Manukyan
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Stefania Dede
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jordan M Roach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Daniel Robertson
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peter C Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ani Aprahamian
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory of Armenia, 2 Alikhanyan Brothers, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
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18
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Leinders G, Baldinozzi G, Ritter C, Saniz R, Arts I, Lamoen D, Verwerft M. Charge Localization and Magnetic Correlations in the Refined Structure of U 3O 7. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10550-10564. [PMID: 34184880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atomic arrangements in the mixed-valence oxide U3O7 are refined from high-resolution neutron scattering data. The crystallographic model describes a long-range structural order in a U60O140 primitive cell (space group P42/n) containing distorted cuboctahedral oxygen clusters. By combining experimental data and electronic structure calculations accounting for spin-orbit interactions, we provide robust evidence of an interplay between charge localization and the magnetic moments carried by the uranium atoms. The calculations predict U3O7 to be a semiconducting solid with a band gap of close to 0.32 eV, and a more pronounced charge-transfer insulator behavior as compared to the well-known Mott insulator UO2. Most uranium ions (56 out of 60) occur in 9-fold and 10-fold coordinated environments, surrounding the oxygen clusters, and have a tetravalent (24 out of 60) or pentavalent (32 out of 60) state. The remaining uranium ions (4 out of 60) are not contiguous to the oxygen cuboctahedra and have a very compact, 8-fold coordinated environment with two short (2 × 1.93(3) Å) "oxo-type" bonds. The higher Hirshfeld charge and the diamagnetic character point to a hexavalent state for these four uranium ions. Hence, the valence state distribution corresponds to 24/60 × U(IV) + 32/60 U(V) + 4/60 U(VI). The tetravalent and pentavalent uranium ions are predicted to carry noncollinear magnetic moments (with amplitudes of 1.6 and 0.8 μB, respectively), resulting in canted ferromagnetic order in characteristic layers within the overall fluorite-related structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Leinders
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Gianguido Baldinozzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, SPMS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clemens Ritter
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Rolando Saniz
- CMT & NanoLab Center of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ine Arts
- EMAT & NanoLab Center of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dirk Lamoen
- EMAT & NanoLab Center of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marc Verwerft
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
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19
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Abstract
Three uranyl borates, UO2B2O4, LiUO2BO3 and NaUO2BO3, have been prepared by solid state syntheses. The influence of the crystallographic structure on the splitting of the empty 5f and 6d states have been probed using High Energy Resolved Fluorescence Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) at the uranium M4-edge and L3-edge respectively. We demonstrate that the 5f splitting is increased by the decrease of the uranyl U-Oax distance, which in turn correlates with an increased bond covalency. This is correlated to the equatorial coordination change of the uranium. The role of the alkalis as charge compensating the axial oxygen of the uranyl is discussed.
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20
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Amidani L, Vaughan GBM, Plakhova TV, Romanchuk AY, Gerber E, Svetogorov R, Weiss S, Joly Y, Kalmykov SN, Kvashnina KO. The Application of HEXS and HERFD XANES for Accurate Structural Characterisation of Actinide Nanomaterials: The Case of ThO 2. Chemistry 2021; 27:252-263. [PMID: 32956492 PMCID: PMC7839789 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterisation of actinide nanoparticles (NPs) is of primary importance and hard to achieve, especially for non-homogeneous samples with NPs less than 3 nm. By combining high-energy X-ray scattering (HEXS) and high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HERFD XANES) analysis, we have characterised for the first time both the short- and medium-range order of ThO2 NPs obtained by chemical precipitation. By using this methodology, a novel insight into the structures of NPs at different stages of their formation has been achieved. The pair distribution function revealed a high concentration of ThO2 small units similar to thorium hexamer clusters mixed with 1 nm ThO2 NPs in the initial steps of formation. Drying the precipitates at around 150 °C promoted the recrystallisation of the smallest units into more thermodynamically stable ThO2 NPs. HERFD XANES analysis at the thorium M4 edge, a direct probe for f states, showed variations that we have correlated with the breakdown of the local symmetry around the thorium atoms, which most likely concerns surface atoms. Together, HEXS and HERFD XANES are a powerful methodology for investigating actinide NPs and their formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amidani
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European SynchrotronCS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
| | | | | | - Anna Yu. Romanchuk
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Evgeny Gerber
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European SynchrotronCS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Roman Svetogorov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”123182MoscowRussia
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
| | - Yves Joly
- CNRS, Grenoble INPInstitut NéelUniversité Grenoble Alpes38042GrenobleFrance
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European SynchrotronCS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
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21
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McGrady J, Kumagai Y, Watanabe M, Kirishima A, Akiyama D, Kitamura A, Kimuro S. The kinetics and mechanism of H 2O 2 decomposition at the U 3O 8 surface in bicarbonate solution. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28940-28948. [PMID: 35478539 PMCID: PMC9038139 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A transition from catalytic to oxidative H2O2 decomposition on U3O8 was observed with NaHCO3 with significant implications for uranium dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McGrady
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Yuta Kumagai
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Akira Kirishima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira, 2-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akiyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira, 2-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Kitamura
- Radionuclide Migration Research Group, Japanese Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shingo Kimuro
- Radionuclide Migration Research Group, Japanese Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
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22
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Li RS, Xie Z, Kong LY, Hou SX, Luo JJ, Xin DQ. Intermediate occupation numbers for 5f electrons in a Pu and U mixed oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14725-14736. [PMID: 34190242 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to reveal the correlation effect on the electronic properties in particular 5f electron occupation numbers of Pu/U ions in a (Pu,U) mixed oxide-PuUO4, a first principles calculation is performed by using density functional theory (DFT) plus a dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) scheme with the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and on-site Coulomb repulsion for correlation effect due to localized Pu/U 5f orbitals. Results demonstrate that Pu/U 5f electron occupation numbers in the ground state of PuUO4 are mainly composed of 5f4/5f5 and 5f2/5f3 configurations, and exhibiting the intermediate occupation (IO) numbers with average 5f occupation numbers of about nf = 4.879 and 2.423 for Pu and U ions, respectively, irrespective of different Pu and U lattice sites in PuUO4. Pu 5f j = 5/2 and j = 7/2 components are in moderately and weakly correlated states, respectively, while U 5f j = 5/2 and j = 7/2 manifolds are both in weakly correlated states. jj and LS coupling schemes are feasible for Pu and U 5f electrons, respectively. In order to directly compare with the experimental angle-resolved photoemission spectrum (ARPES), we also estimate the momentum-resolved electronic spectrum function for this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Song Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Zheng Xie
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Kong
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Su-Xia Hou
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Ji-Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Du-Qiang Xin
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
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23
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Gerber E, Romanchuk AY, Weiss S, Bauters S, Schacherl B, Vitova T, Hübner R, Shams Aldin Azzam S, Detollenaere D, Banerjee D, Butorin SM, Kalmykov SN, Kvashnina KO. Insight into the structure–property relationship of UO 2 nanoparticles. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that the structural and electronic properties of UO2 NPs (2–3 nm) are similar to those of bulk UO2 under inert conditions, with U(iv) as the dominating oxidation state, though NPs oxidize with time and under the X-ray beam.
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24
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Pastoor KJ, Robinson SL, Greenwell RA, Quintero Hilsaca CV, Shafer JC, Jensen MP. Understanding uranium oxide hardening during prolonged storage. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Uranium ore concentrates (UOCs), the product of uranium mining and milling, are primarily comprised of uranium oxide (U3O8 and UO2) or peroxide (UO4·4H2O and UO4·2H2O) compounds. Following production, UOCs are typically placed in storage until they are converted to uranium hexafluoride (UF6) at a uranium conversion facility. In this study, the chemical changes responsible for an interesting hardening phenomenon observed in UOCs stored for prolonged periods was investigated to understand underlying causes. Powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize free-flowing and hardened UOC samples and revealed the hardened material had undergone hydration and oxidation as indicated by increased moisture content and the presence of metaschoepite [(UO2)4O(OH)6](H2O)5 and/or schoepite [(UO2)4O(OH)6](H2O)6. Additionally, an aging study found metaschoepite in UOCs after 3 months exposure to a high relative humidity environment. The same study found agglomerated, but not fully hardened, material in nearly all aged UOCs samples. These results suggest metaschoepite and schoepite are indicative of UOCs exposed to elevated levels of H2O during storage. Lastly, a drying/calcining study of hardened U3O8 material demonstrated a means of remediation and identified an intermediate compound of potential interest, dehydrated schoepite. Dehydrated schoepite results from heating metaschoepite or schoepite between 100 and 300 °C and indicates partial reversal of hardened U3O8 to its original condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Pastoor
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , CO 80401 , USA
| | | | | | | | - Jenifer C. Shafer
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , CO 80401 , USA
| | - Mark P. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Nuclear Science and Engineering Program , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , CO 80401 , USA
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25
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Zhang Y, Wei T, Tran TT, Lu KT, Zhang Z, Price JR, Aharonovich I, Zheng R. [U(H 2O) 2]{[(UO 2) 10O 10(OH) 2][(UO 4)(H 2O) 2]}: A Mixed-Valence Uranium Oxide Hydrate Framework. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12166-12175. [PMID: 32822161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A uranium oxide hydrate framework, [U(H2O)2]{[(UO2)10O10(OH)2][(UO4)(H2O)2]} (UOF1), was synthesized hydrothermally using schoepite as a uranium precursor. The crystal strucutre of UOF1 was revealed with synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed with transmission electron miscroscopy. The typical uranyl oxide hydroxide layers similar to those in β-U3O8 are further connected via double-pentagonal-bipyramidal uranium polyhedra to form a three-dimensional (3D) framework structure with tetravalent uranium species inside the channels. The presence of mixed-valence uranium was investigated with a combination of X-ray absorption near-edge structure and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Apart from the major hexavalent uranium, evidence for tetravalent uranium was also found, consistent with the bond valence sum calculations. The successful preparation of UOF1 as the first pure uranium oxide hydrate framework sheds light on the structural understanding of the alteration of UO2+x as either a mineral or spent nuclear fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Tao Wei
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Toan Trong Tran
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Kimbal T Lu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia.,School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Jason R Price
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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26
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Desfougeres L, Welcomme É, Ollivier M, Martin PM, Hennuyer J, Hunault MOJY, Podor R, Clavier N, Favergeon L. Oxidation as an Early Stage in the Multistep Thermal Decomposition of Uranium(IV) Oxalate into U3O8. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8589-8602. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lénaïc Desfougeres
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Université Montpellier, Marcoule, France
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, ICSM, Université Montpellier, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | | | - Maelig Ollivier
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Julie Hennuyer
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Université Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | | | - Renaud Podor
- CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, ICSM, Université Montpellier, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Nicolas Clavier
- ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Loïc Favergeon
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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27
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Leinders G, Bes R, Kvashnina KO, Verwerft M. Local Structure in U(IV) and U(V) Environments: The Case of U 3O 7. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4576-4587. [PMID: 32157876 PMCID: PMC7140039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A comprehensive
analysis of X-ray absorption data obtained at the U L3-edge for a systematic series of single-valence (UO2, KUO3, UO3) and mixed-valence uranium
compounds (U4O9, U3O7,
U3O8) is reported. High-energy resolution fluorescence
detection (HERFD) X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES)
and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) methods were
applied to evaluate U(IV) and U(V) environments, and in particular,
to investigate the U3O7 local structure. We
find that the valence state distribution in mixed-valence uranium
compounds cannot be confidently quantified from a principal component
analysis of the U L3-edge XANES data.
The spectral line broadening, even when applying the HERFD-XANES method,
is sensibly higher (∼3.9 eV) than the observed chemical shifts
(∼2.4 eV). Additionally, the white line shape and position
are affected not only by the chemical state, but also by crystal field
effects, which appear well-resolved in KUO3. The EXAFS
of a phase-pure U3O7 sample was assessed based
on an average representation of the expanded U60O140 structure. Interatomic U–O distances are found mainly to
occur at 2.18 (2), 2.33 (1), and 3.33 (5) Å, and can be seen
to correspond to the spatial arrangement of cuboctahedral oxygen clusters.
The interatomic distances derived from the EXAFS investigation support
a mixed U(IV)–U(V) valence character in U3O7. X-ray absorption methods (HERFD-XANES
and EXAFS) at the U L3-edge are applied
to evaluate U(IV) and U(V) environments, and in particular, the U3O7 local structure. Recommendations on the evaluation
of valence states using different XANES methods are worked out. New
insights on the character of uranium environments in U3O7 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Leinders
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - René Bes
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Verwerft
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
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28
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Nevolin YM, Kulyukhin SA, Gordeev AV, Bessonov AA, Kalmykov SN. Gas-Phase Conversion of Oxide Phases of Lanthanides and Uranium to Water-Soluble Compounds. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362220030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Manaud J, Maynadié J, Mesbah A, Hunault MOJY, Martin PM, Zunino M, Meyer D, Dacheux N, Clavier N. Hydrothermal Conversion of Uranium(IV) Oxalate into Oxides: A Comprehensive Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3260-3273. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Manaud
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jérôme Maynadié
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Adel Mesbah
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | | | - Philippe M. Martin
- CEA, DEN, DMRC, Universite Montpellier, Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Morgan Zunino
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Daniel Meyer
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Nicolas Dacheux
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Nicolas Clavier
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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30
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Lu KT, Zhang Y, Aughterson RD, Zheng R. Uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks with lanthanide ions. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15854-15863. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first two uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks incorporating lanthanide ions (Ln = Eu3+/Gd3+) have been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbal T. Lu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Australia
- School of Physics
- The University of Sydney
- Camperdown
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Australia
| | | | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics
- The University of Sydney
- Camperdown
- Australia
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31
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Kvashnina KO, Romanchuk AY, Pidchenko I, Amidani L, Gerber E, Trigub A, Rossberg A, Weiss S, Popa K, Walter O, Caciuffo R, Scheinost AC, Butorin SM, Kalmykov SN. A Novel Metastable Pentavalent Plutonium Solid Phase on the Pathway from Aqueous Plutonium(VI) to PuO
2
Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O. Kvashnina
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) PO Box 510119 01314 Dresden Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS40220 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Anna Yu. Romanchuk
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ivan Pidchenko
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) PO Box 510119 01314 Dresden Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS40220 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Lucia Amidani
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) PO Box 510119 01314 Dresden Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS40220 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Evgeny Gerber
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) PO Box 510119 01314 Dresden Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS40220 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Trigub
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” 123182 Moscow Russia
| | - Andre Rossberg
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) PO Box 510119 01314 Dresden Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS40220 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Stephan Weiss
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS40220 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Karin Popa
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and SecurityEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre Postfach 2340 76215 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Olaf Walter
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and SecurityEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre Postfach 2340 76215 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Roberto Caciuffo
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and SecurityEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre Postfach 2340 76215 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Andreas C. Scheinost
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) PO Box 510119 01314 Dresden Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS40220 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Department of Physics and AstronomyMolecular and Condensed Matter PhysicsUppsala University P.O. Box 516 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow Russia
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” 123182 Moscow Russia
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32
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Kvashnina KO, Romanchuk AY, Pidchenko I, Amidani L, Gerber E, Trigub A, Rossberg A, Weiss S, Popa K, Walter O, Caciuffo R, Scheinost AC, Butorin SM, Kalmykov SN. A Novel Metastable Pentavalent Plutonium Solid Phase on the Pathway from Aqueous Plutonium(VI) to PuO 2 Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17558-17562. [PMID: 31621992 PMCID: PMC6900038 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here we provide evidence that the formation of PuO2 nanoparticles from oxidized PuVI under alkaline conditions proceeds through the formation of an intermediate PuV solid phase, similar to NH4 PuO2 CO3 , which is stable over a period of several months. For the first time, state-of-the-art experiments at Pu M4 and at L3 absorption edges combined with theoretical calculations unambiguously allow to determine the oxidation state and the local structure of this intermediate phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O. Kvashnina
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Anna Yu. Romanchuk
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Ivan Pidchenko
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Lucia Amidani
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Evgeny Gerber
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Alexander Trigub
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”123182MoscowRussia
| | - Andre Rossberg
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Stephan Weiss
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Karin Popa
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and SecurityEuropean Commission, Joint Research CentrePostfach 234076215KarlsruheGermany
| | - Olaf Walter
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and SecurityEuropean Commission, Joint Research CentrePostfach 234076215KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roberto Caciuffo
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and SecurityEuropean Commission, Joint Research CentrePostfach 234076215KarlsruheGermany
| | - Andreas C. Scheinost
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European Synchrotron, CS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Department of Physics and AstronomyMolecular and Condensed Matter PhysicsUppsala UniversityP.O. Box 516UppsalaSweden
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”123182MoscowRussia
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33
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Soulié A, Baldinozzi G, Garrido F, Crocombette JP. Clusters of Oxygen Interstitials in UO2+x and α-U4O9: Structure and Arrangements. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12678-12688. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Soulié
- CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gianguido Baldinozzi
- SPMS, CNRS, Centrale Supélec, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédérico Garrido
- CSNSM, CNRS, IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 104−108, Orsay Campus, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Paul Crocombette
- CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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34
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Dhara S, Misra N. Elemental characterization of nuclear materials using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Hunault MOJY, Lelong G, Cormier L, Galoisy L, Solari PL, Calas G. Speciation Change of Uranyl in Lithium Borate Glasses. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6858-6865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gérald Lelong
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Cormier
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Galoisy
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pier-Lorenzo Solari
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Georges Calas
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
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36
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Yan Q, Mao Y, Zhou X, Liang J, Peng S, Ye M. Control of the compositions and morphologies of uranium oxide nanocrystals in the solution phase: multi-monomer growth and self-catalysis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1314-1318. [PMID: 36132610 PMCID: PMC9419236 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of mixed products and impurities, which always confuse researchers, are common during synthesizing nanomaterials. Even though many studies have been conducted with an objective to control the synthesis of nanomaterials, very few studies have investigated a mechanism to control the composition of nanomaterials. Various products include UO3·H2O, U3O8, UO2, and U4O9 were produced by simply adjusting the pH with ammonia. The morphology of UO2 and U3O8 are tunable. In this study, we suggest two mechanisms that can be used to control the nanomaterial composition. Various experiments have been conducted to understand the mechanism that controls the composition of nanomaterials. We indicate that a multi-monomer growth model can be used to control the uranium oxide composition. We have developed a new oxidation-reduction system using acetone, and this system is capable of controlling both the morphology and composition of uranium oxide micro/nanomaterials. Further, the presence of the self-catalysis mechanism can be used to regulate processes that control the monomer transformation. Thus, the results of this study can be applied to help in the construction of mixed-valence metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yiwu Mao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Xiaosong Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Shuming Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Minyou Ye
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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37
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Ao B, Lu H, Yang Z, Qiu R, Hu SX. Unraveling the highest oxidation states of actinides in solid-state compounds with a particular focus on plutonium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4732-4737. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nature and extent of the highest oxidation states (HOSs) in solid-state actinide compounds are still unexplored compared with those of small molecules, and there is burgeoning interest in studying the actinide–ligand bonding nature in the condensed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Ao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Zhenfei Yang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Ruizhi Qiu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
- Beijing 100193
- China
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38
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Chen X, Mei Q, Yu L, Ge H, Yue J, Zhang K, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Wang S. Rapid and On-Site Detection of Uranyl Ions via Ratiometric Fluorescence Signals Based on a Smartphone Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42225-42232. [PMID: 30403334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) of carbon and semiconductors have superior optical properties and show great potential in sensing applications. This paper reports a novel method for rapid detection of uranyl ions via ratiometric fluorescence signals by employing two types of QDs as the key materials. As the most soluble and stable toxic uranium species, uranyl has been recognized as an important index for nuclear industrial wastewater. However, its on-site, rapid, and sensitive determination remains challenging. This work uses the ratiometric fluorescent signal of QDs and combines a smartphone-based handheld device for on-site and rapid detection of uranyl. The ratiometric fluorescent probe is achieved by integrating carbon dots (C-dots) and CdTe QDs (MPA@CdTe QDs) through chemical hybridization. The presence of uranyl ions greatly quenches the red fluorescence of the CdTe QDs, whereas the green fluorescence keeps constant, leading to an obvious color change. An app and a 3D-printed accessory have been developed on a smartphone to analyze and calculate the content of uranyl on the basis of captured fluorescence signals from a test strip with an immobilized probe. This new designed mobile detection system displays good analytical performance for uranyl ions in a wide concentration range of 1 to 150 μM, which shows a great potential application in controlling the nuclear industrial pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Qingsong Mei
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230009 , China
| | - Long Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Hongwei Ge
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Ji Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Kui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University of Technology , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243032 , China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhua Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , China
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39
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Goodwin CAP, Réant BLL, Kragskow JGC, DiMucci IM, Lancaster KM, Mills DP, Sproules S. Heteroleptic samarium(iii) halide complexes probed by fluorescence-detected L 3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10613-10625. [PMID: 29790545 PMCID: PMC6083822 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01452c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The novel series of heteroleptic Sm(iii) halide complexes provides the backdrop for a fluorescence-detected Lα1 X-ray absorption spectroscopic study.
The addition of various oxidants to the near-linear Sm(ii) complex [Sm(N††)2] (1), where N†† is the bulky bis(triisopropylsilyl)amide ligand {N(SiiPr3)2}, afforded a family of heteroleptic three-coordinate Sm(iii) halide complexes, [Sm(N††)2(X)] (X = F, 2-F; Cl, 2-Cl; Br, 2-Br; I, 2-I). In addition, the trinuclear cluster [{Sm(N††)}3(μ2-I)3(μ3-I)2] (3), which formally contains one Sm(ii) and two Sm(iii) centres, was isolated during the synthesis of 2-I. Complexes 2-X are remarkably stable towards ligand redistribution, which is often a facile process for heteroleptic complexes of smaller monodentate ligands in lanthanide chemistry, including the related bis(trimethylsilyl)amide {N(SiMe3)2} (N′′). Complexes 2-X and 3 have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR, FTIR and electronic spectroscopy. The Lα1 fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectra recorded at the Sm L3-edge for 2-X exhibited a resolved pre-edge peak defined as an envelope of quadrupole-allowed 2p → 4f transitions. The X-ray absorption spectral features were successfully reproduced using time-dependent density functional theoretical (TD-DFT) calculations that synergistically support the experimental observations as well as the theoretical model upon which the electronic structure and bonding in these lanthanide complexes is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Benjamin L L Réant
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jon G C Kragskow
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - David P Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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40
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Direct observation of pure pentavalent uranium in U 2O 5 thin films by high resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8306. [PMID: 29844333 PMCID: PMC5974404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin films of the elusive intermediate uranium oxide U2O5 have been prepared by exposing UO3 precursor multilayers to atomic hydrogen. Electron photoemission spectra measured about the uranium 4f core-level doublet contain sharp satellites separated by 7.9(1) eV from the 4f main lines, whilst satellites characteristics of the U(IV) and U(VI) oxidation states, expected respectively at 6.9(1) and 9.7(1) eV from the main 4f lines, are absent. This shows that uranium ions in the films are in a pure pentavalent oxidation state, in contrast to previous investigations of binary oxides claiming that U(V) occurs only as a metastable intermediate state coexisting with U(IV) and U(VI) species. The ratio between the 5f valence band and 4f core-level uranium photoemission intensities decreases by about 50% from UO2 to U2O5, which is consistent with the 5f 2 (UO2) and 5f 1 (U2O5) electronic configurations of the initial state. Our studies conclusively establish the stability of uranium pentoxide.
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Chen X, Zhang K, Yu H, Yu L, Ge H, Yue J, Hou T, Asiri AM, Marwani HM, Wang S. Sensitive and selective fluorescence detection of aqueous uranyl ions using water-soluble CdTe quantum dots. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Prieur D, Martel L, Vigier JF, Scheinost AC, Kvashnina KO, Somers J, Martin PM. Aliovalent Cation Substitution in UO 2: Electronic and Local Structures of U 1-yLa yO 2±x Solid Solutions. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1535-1544. [PMID: 29327923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
For nuclear fuel related applications, the oxygen stoichiometry of mixed oxides U1-yMyO2±x is an essential property as it affects fuel properties and may endanger the safe operation of nuclear reactors. A careful review of the open literature indicates that this parameter is difficult to assess properly and that the nature of the defects, i.e., oxygen vacancies or UV, in aliovalent cation-doped UO2 is still subject to controversy. To confirm the formation of UV, we have investigated the room-temperature stable U1-yLayO2±x phase using several experimental methods (e.g., XRD, XANES, and NMR) confirmed by theoretical calculations. This paper presents the experimental proof of UV and its effect we identified in both electronic and local structure. We observe that UV is formed in quasi-equimolar proportion as LaIII in U1-yLayO2±x (y = 0.06, 0.11, and 0.22) solid solutions. The fluorite structure is maintained despite the cationic substitution, but the local structure is affected as variations of the interatomic distances are found. Therefore, we provide here the definitive proof that the substitution of UIV with LaIII is not accommodated by the creation of O vacancies as has often been assumed. The UO2 fluorite structure compensates the incorporation of an aliovalent cation by the formation of UV in quasi-equimolar proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Prieur
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) , Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , P.O. Box 10119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,Rossendorf beamline (BM20-CRG), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Martel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) , Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-François Vigier
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) , Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , P.O. Box 10119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,Rossendorf beamline (BM20-CRG), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , P.O. Box 10119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,Rossendorf beamline (BM20-CRG), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Joseph Somers
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) , Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philippe M Martin
- CEA, Nuclear Energy Division , Research Department on Mining and Fuel Recycling Processes, SFMA, BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Kvashnina KO, Kowalski PM, Butorin SM, Leinders G, Pakarinen J, Bès R, Li H, Verwerft M. Trends in the valence band electronic structures of mixed uranium oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9757-9760. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The valence band electronic structures of mixed uranium oxides (UO2, U4O9, U3O7, U3O8, and β-UO3) have been studied using the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) technique at the U M5 edge and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O. Kvashnina
- Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron
- CS40220
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
| | - Piotr M. Kowalski
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- IEK-6
- Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
| | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Gregory Leinders
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN)
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science
- B-2400 Mol
- Belgium
| | - Janne Pakarinen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN)
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science
- B-2400 Mol
- Belgium
| | - René Bès
- Department of Applied Physics
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Haijian Li
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- IEK-6
- Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
| | - Marc Verwerft
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN)
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science
- B-2400 Mol
- Belgium
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Kretzschmar J, Haubitz T, Hübner R, Weiss S, Husar R, Brendler V, Stumpf T. Network-like arrangement of mixed-valence uranium oxide nanoparticles after glutathione-induced reduction of uranium(vi). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8697-8700. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2–5 nm UO2+x nanocrystals yielded under near-neutral conditions arrange as 20–40 nm chain-like building blocks, and finally form network-like aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Kretzschmar
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Toni Haubitz
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Richard Husar
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Vinzenz Brendler
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
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