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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Vennelakanti V, Kilic IB, Terrones GG, Duan C, Kulik HJ. Machine Learning Prediction of the Experimental Transition Temperature of Fe(II) Spin-Crossover Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:204-216. [PMID: 38148525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) complexes are materials that exhibit changes in the spin state in response to external stimuli, with potential applications in molecular electronics. It is challenging to know a priori how to design ligands to achieve the delicate balance of entropic and enthalpic contributions needed to tailor a transition temperature close to room temperature. We leverage the SCO complexes from the previously curated SCO-95 data set [Vennelakanti et al. J. Chem. Phys. 159, 024120 (2023)] to train three machine learning (ML) models for transition temperature (T1/2) prediction using graph-based revised autocorrelations as features. We perform feature selection using random forest-ranked recursive feature addition (RF-RFA) to identify the features essential to model transferability. Of the ML models considered, the full feature set RF and recursive feature addition RF models perform best, achieving moderate correlation to experimental T1/2 values. We then compare ML T1/2 predictions to those from three previously identified best-performing density functional approximations (DFAs) which accurately predict SCO behavior across SCO-95, finding that the ML models predict T1/2 more accurately than the best-performing DFAs. In addition, we study ML model predictions for a set of 18 SCO complexes for which only estimated T1/2 values are available. Upon excluding outliers from this set, the RF-RFA RF model shows a strong correlation to estimated T1/2 values with a Pearson's r of 0.82. In contrast, DFA-predicted T1/2 values have large errors and show no correlation to estimated T1/2 values over the same set of complexes. Overall, our study demonstrates slightly superior performance of ML models in comparison with some of the best-performing DFAs, and we expect ML models to improve further as larger data sets of SCO complexes are curated and become available for model training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi Vennelakanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Irem B Kilic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gianmarco G Terrones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chenru Duan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Kaushik K, Mehta S, Das M, Ghosh S, Kamilya S, Mondal A. Stimuli-responsive magnetic materials: impact of spin and electronic modulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13107-13124. [PMID: 37846652 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Addressing molecular bistability as a function of external stimuli, especially in spin-crossover (SCO) and metal-to-metal electron transfer (MMET) systems, has seen a surge of interest in the field of molecule-based magnetic materials due to their enormous potential in various technological applications such as molecular spintronics, memory and electronic devices, switches, sensors, and many more. The fine-tuning of molecular components allow the design and synthesis of materials with tailored properties for these vast applications. In this Feature Article, we discuss a part of our research work into this broad topic, pertaining to the recent discoveries in the field of switchable molecular magnetic materials based on SCO and MMET systems, along with some historical background of the area and related accomplishments made in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kaushik
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sakshi Mehta
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Mayurika Das
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sounak Ghosh
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sujit Kamilya
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Abhishake Mondal
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
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4
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Cooper C, Paul R, Alsaleh A, Washburn S, Rackers W, Kumar S, Nesterov VN, D'Souza F, Vinogradov SA, Wang H. Naphthodithiophene-Fused Porphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact of Extended Conjugation on Aromaticity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302013. [PMID: 37467466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of tetrapyrroles with aromatic heterocycles constitutes a useful tool for manipulating their opto-electronic properties. In this work, the synthesis of naphthodithiophene-fused porphyrins was achieved through a Heck reaction-based cascade of steps followed by the Scholl reaction. The naphthodithiophene-fused porphyrins display a unique set of optical and electronic properties. Fusion of the naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene to porphyrin (F2VTP) leads to a ~20% increase in the fluorescence lifetime, which is accompanied, unexpectedly, by a more than two-fold drop in the emission quantum yield (ϕ=0.018). In contrast, fusion of the isomeric naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene to porphyrin (F3VPT) results in a ~1.5-fold increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (ϕ=0.13) with a concomitant ~30 % increase in the fluorescence lifetime. This behavior suggests that fusion of the porphyrin with the naphthodithiopheno-system mainly affects the radiative rate constant in the Q-state deactivation pathway, where the effects of the isomeric naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene- versus naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene-fusion are essentially the opposite. Interestingly, nucleus-independent chemical shifts analysis revealed a considerable difference between the aromaticities of these two isomeric systems. Our results demonstrate that subtle structural differences in the fused components of the porphyrin can be reflected in rather significant differences between the photophysical properties of the resulting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Ros Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajyal Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Spenser Washburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - William Rackers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | | | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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5
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Paschelke T, Trumpf E, Grantz D, Pankau M, Grocholski N, Näther C, Sönnichsen FD, McConnell AJ. Tuning the spin-crossover properties of FeII4L 6 cages via the interplay of coordination motif and linker modifications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12789-12795. [PMID: 37615965 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01569f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of spin-crossover FeII-based cages, the interplay between ligand modifications (e.g. coordination motif substituents and linker) is not well-understood in these multinuclear systems, limiting rational design. Here, we report a family of FeII4L6 spin-crossover cages based on 2,2'-pyridylbenzimidazoles where subtle ligand modifications lowered the spin crossover temperature in CD3CN by up to 186 K. Comparing pairs of cages, CH3 substituents on either the coordination motif or phenylene linker lowered the spin-crossover temperature by 48 K, 91 K or 186 K, attributed to electronic effects, steric effects and a combination of both, respectively. The understanding of the interplay between ligand modifications gained from this study could be harnessed on the path towards the improved rational design of spin-crossover cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Paschelke
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Eicke Trumpf
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - David Grantz
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Malte Pankau
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Niclas Grocholski
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Anna J McConnell
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel 24098, Germany
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6
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Kharitonov VB, Sergeeva ES, Kouame EK, Nelyubina YV, Ushakov IA, Loginov DA, Lvov AG. Redirecting of Charge Transfer Enables the Control of the Photoactivity of Terarylenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7538-7543. [PMID: 36218225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge transfer affects the efficiency and selectivity of photochemical reactions. Incorporation of donating groups into the isoquinolinium core allowed us to overcome the photochemical inactivity of the corresponding dithienyl-substituted terarylenes, presumably by redirecting the charge transfer within the molecule, and gave access to a new family of thermally reversible photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B Kharitonov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Sergeeva
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia.,A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Eric Koffi Kouame
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia.,A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor A Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Loginov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyannyi Pereulok 36, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey G Lvov
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia.,A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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7
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Ghosh S, Bagchi S, Kamilya S, Mehta S, Sarkar D, Herchel R, Mondal A. Impact of counter anions on spin-state switching of manganese(III) complexes containing an azobenzene ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7681-7694. [PMID: 35521740 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four mononuclear manganese(III) complexes coordinated with photo-active hexadentate azobenzene ligands, [Mn(5azo-sal2-323)](X) (X = Cl, 1; X = BF4, 2; X = ClO4, 3; X = PF6, 4), were prepared. The impact of various counter anions on the stabilization and switching of the spin state of the manganese(III) center was explored through detailed magneto-structural investigation using variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic, spectroscopic, and spectroelectrochemical studies, along with theoretical calculations. All four complexes consisted of an isostructural monocationic distorted octahedral MnN4O2 coordination environment offered by the hexadentate ligand and Cl-, BF4-, ClO4-, and PF6- as counter anions respectively. Complex 1 with a spherical Cl- counter anion showed a reversible and gradual spin-state switching between low-spin (LS) (S = 1) and high-spin (HS) (S = 2) states above 400 K, where non-covalent cation-anion interactions played a significant role in stabilizing the LS state. While, irrespective of the shape of the counter anion, complexes 2-4 remained in the HS state throughout the measured temperature range of 300-2 K, where strong π-π interaction between the azobenzene motifs among cationic units played a substantial role in stabilizing the HS state. Furthermore, magnetic data analyses revealed significantly large zero-field splitting in the S = 1 state for 1 (D = 19.4 cm-1, E/D = 0.008) in comparison with that in the S = 2 state for 2-4 (D = 3.99-4.97 cm-1, E/D = 0.002-0.195). Spectroelectrochemical investigations revealed the quasi-reversible reduction and oxidation of the manganese(III) center to manganese(II) and manganese(IV), respectively. A detailed theoretical calculation at the DFT and CASSCF level of theory was carried out to better understand the magneto-structural correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Ghosh
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sukanya Bagchi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sujit Kamilya
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sakshi Mehta
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Debopam Sarkar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Radovan Herchel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Abhishake Mondal
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore 560012, India.
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8
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Chatir E, Boggio-Pasqua M, Loiseau F, Philouze C, Royal G, Cobo S. Synthesis of Redox-Active Photochromic Phenanthrene Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103755. [PMID: 34870346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A phenanthrene unit has been functionalized by several methylthiophene units in order to bring it a photochromic behavior. These compounds were characterized by NMR, absorption and emission spectroscopies, theoretical calculations as well as cyclic voltammetry. The association of a phenanthrene group with a photochromic center could open the door to a new generation of organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elarbi Chatir
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- LCPQ UMR 5626, CNRS et Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Guy Royal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
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9
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Magnetic and electrochemical properties of corner-like and grid-like complexes resulting from the self-assembly of two structurally related bis(hydrazones) and iron (II). Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Sánchez-de-Armas R, Calzado CJ, Borges-Martínez M, Cárdenas-Jirón G. A photo-induced spin crossover based molecular switch and spin filter operating at room temperature. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6578-6587. [PMID: 33899067 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since Venkataramani et al. (Science, 2011, 331(6016), 445-448) reported reversible, room-temperature light-induced spin crossover in Ni-porphyrin functionalized with a phenylazopyridine ligand (NiTPP-PAPy), this complex has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its potential applications in molecular-based devices. In this work, we perform a detailed study, by means of DFT and WFT methodologies, focused on the deposition of NiTP-PAPy over an Au(111) surface, followed by DFT-NEGF calculations employing a gold surface and the tip of an STM as electrodes, in order to probe the deposited complex's transport properties. Our DFT calculations show that not only the metalled porphyrin is strongly adsorbed on the surface, in both the high (HS) and low spin (LS) configurations, but also, and more importantly, photoinduced switching is preserved upon adsorption, a fact that is also confirmed through WFT and TD-DFT calculations. Moreover, our DFT-NEGF calculations indicate that the current passing through the molecular junction-like systems is much higher in the HS configuration than in the LS one, along with the fact that the current calculated in the ferromagnetic junction is highly spin-polarized. These remarkable transport properties suggest that the complex could be used as a component in molecular switches based on the total current passing through the system, modulated by light irradiation, spin filters due to the spin polarization of the carriers in the HS configuration, or even in two-step rectifiers combining the two features mentioned above, all of these operating at room temperature, giving to this complex the potential to be an active element in all kinds of future spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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Kumar KS, Ruben M. Sublimable Spin-Crossover Complexes: From Spin-State Switching to Molecular Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7502-7521. [PMID: 31769131 PMCID: PMC8048919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) active transition metal complexes are an important class of switchable molecular materials due to their bistable spin-state switching characteristics at or around room temperature. Vacuum-sublimable SCO complexes are a subclass of SCO complexes suitable for fabricating ultraclean spin-switchable films desirable for applications, especially in molecular electronics/spintronics. Consequently, on-surface SCO of thin-films of sublimable SCO complexes have been studied employing spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, and results of fundamental and technological importance have been obtained. This Review provides complete coverage of advances made in the field of vacuum-sublimable SCO complexes: progress made in the design and synthesis of sublimable functional SCO complexes, on-surface SCO of molecular and multilayer thick films, and various molecular and thin-film device architectures based on the sublimable SCO complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)CNRS-Université de Strasbourg23, rue du Loess, BP 4367034Strasbourg cedex 2France
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)CNRS-Université de Strasbourg23, rue du Loess, BP 4367034Strasbourg cedex 2France
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and -TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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12
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Heras Ojea MJ, Van Raden JM, Louie S, Collins R, Pividori D, Cirera J, Meyer K, Jasti R, Layfield RA. Spin‐Crossover Properties of an Iron(II) Coordination Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Shayan Louie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Richard Collins
- Department of Chemistry University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Daniel Pividori
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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13
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Xue S, Guo Y, Garcia Y. Spin crossover crystalline materials engineered via single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This highlight illustrates the latest crystalline materials engineered via SCSC transformations, with emphasis on the onset and progress of spin crossover in a crystal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yunnan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yann Garcia
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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14
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Wang JX, Li C, Tian H. Energy manipulation and metal-assisted photochromism in photochromic metal complex. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Heras Ojea MJ, Van Raden JM, Louie S, Collins R, Pividori D, Cirera J, Meyer K, Jasti R, Layfield RA. Spin-Crossover Properties of an Iron(II) Coordination Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3515-3518. [PMID: 33112017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the bipyridyl-embedded cycloparaphenylene nanohoop bipy[9]CPP to [Fe{H2 B(pyz)2 }] (pyz=pyrazolyl) produces the distorted octahedral complex [Fe(bipy[9]CPP){H2 B(pyz)2 }2 ] (1). The molecular structure of 1 shows that the nanohoop ligand contains a non-planar bipy unit. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate spin-crossover (SCO) behaviour with a T1/2 of 130 K, lower than that of 160 K observed with the related compound [Fe(bipy){H2 B(pyz)2 }2 ] (2), which contains a conventional bipy ligand. A computational study of 1 and 2 reveals that the curvature of the nanohoop leads to the different SCO properties, suggesting that the SCO behaviour of iron(II) can be tuned by varying the size and diameter of the nanohoop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff M Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Shayan Louie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Richard Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Daniel Pividori
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Kumar KS, Ruben M. Sublimierbare Spin‐Crossover‐Komplexe: Vom Schalten des Spinzustands zu molekularen Bauelementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 23, rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 Frankreich
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 23, rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 Frankreich
- Institut für Nanotechnologie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Institut für Quantenmaterialien und -technologien Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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17
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Kempfer-Robertson EM, Pike TD, Thompson LM. Difference projection-after-variation double-hybrid density functional theory applied to the calculation of vertical excitation energies. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0017222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Dane Pike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40205, USA
| | - Lee M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40205, USA
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Ossinger S, Näther C, Tuczek F. Crystal structure of bis(5-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline-κ 2 N, N')bis-[di-hydro-bis-(pyrazol-1-yl)borato-κ 2 N 2, N 2']iron(II) toluene disolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:1398-1402. [PMID: 32844036 PMCID: PMC7405586 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020010361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The structure determination of the title compound was undertaken as part of a project on the modification and synthesis of new spin-crossover (SCO) compounds based on octa-hedral FeII bis-(pyrazol-yl)borate complexes. In the course of these investigations, the compound [Fe(C6H8BN4)2(C12H7BrN2)] was synthesized, for which magnetic measurements revealed an incomplete spin-crossover behaviour. Crystallization of this compound from toluene led to the formation of crystals of the toluene disolvate, [Fe(C6H8N4B)2(C12H7N2Br)]·2C7H8. Its asymmetric unit comprises two discrete metal complex mol-ecules and two toluene solvent mol-ecules. One of the latter is severely disordered and its contribution to the diffracted intensities was removed using the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015 ▸). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18]. In each complex mol-ecule, the FeII cation is coordinated by the two N atoms of a 5-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and by two pairs of N atoms of chelating di-hydro-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)borate ligands in the form of a slightly distorted octa-hedron. The discrete complexes are arranged in columns along the a-axis direction with the toluene solvate mol-ecules located between the columns. The 5-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline ligands of neighbouring columns are approximately parallel and are slightly shifted relative to each other, indicating π-π inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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19
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Ossinger S, Näther C, Tuczek F. Crystal structure of bis-{(3,5-di-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)di-hydro-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-borato}iron(II). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:1266-1270. [PMID: 32844011 PMCID: PMC7405558 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020009214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure determination of [Fe(C13H15BN5)2] was undertaken as part of a project on the modification of the recently published spin-crossover (SCO) complex [Fe{H2B(pz)(pypz)}2] (pz = pyrazole, pypz = pyridyl-pyrazole). To this end, a new ligand was synthesized in which two additional methyl groups are present. Its reaction with iron tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate led to a pure sample of the title compound, as proven by X-ray powder diffraction. The asymmetric unit consists of one complex mol-ecule in a general position. The FeII atom is coordinated by two tridentate N-binding {H2B(3,5-(CH3)2-pz)(pypz)}- ligands. The Fe-N bond lengths range between 2.1222 (13) and 2.3255 (15) Å, compatible with FeII in the high-spin state, which was also confirmed by magnetic measurements. Other than a very weak C-H⋯N non-classical hydrogen bond linking individual mol-ecules into rows extending parallel to [010], there are no remarkable inter-molecular inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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21
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Li P, Guo MY, Gao LL, Yin XM, Yang SL, Bu R, Gao EQ. Photoresponsivity and antibiotic sensing properties of an entangled tris(pyridinium)-based metal-organic framework. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7488-7495. [PMID: 32441289 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional Cd(ii) metal-organic framework (MOF) was constructed from a tris(pyridinium)-based hexacarboxylate zwitterionic ligand. The MOF shows a novel fashion of 2-fold 2D → 2D parallel entanglement. It is the entanglement that dictates close interlayer contacts between carboxylate (electron donor) and pyridinium (acceptor), which in turn impart the MOF with reversible photochromic properties through photoinduced electron transfer (PET). This is an extension of PET-based photochromism from bipyridinium to multipyridinium compounds. Thanks to the photoresponsive behaviour, the fluorescence of the MOF can be reversibly modulated or switched by photoirradiation. Besides, the fluorescence of the water-stable MOF in aqueous dispersion is very sensitive to nitrofuran antibiotics with high selectivity, and therefore the MOF is a good candidate of efficient and regenerable sensing material for determination of the antibiotics in water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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22
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Ossinger S, Näther C, Tuczek F. Spin-crossover behavior of bis[dihydrobis(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl-borate)]-(2,2'-bipyridine)iron and analogous complexes in the bulk and in thin films: Elucidating the influence of π-π-interactions on the type of spin transition. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:094001. [PMID: 31722328 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The new complex [Fe(H2B(4-CH3-pz)2)2(bipy)] (1, pz = pyrazole, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is synthesized and investigated by temperature-dependent magnetic measurements, Mößbauer, electronic absorption and vibrational spectroscopy as well as single crystal x-ray diffraction. In the crystal structure of 1 the complexes are pairwise linked to dimers by intermolecular π-π interactions between their bipyridine ligands, with a shortest intradimer distance between two neighboring pyridine rings of 3.575 Å. Analysis of the crystal structures of related iron(II) bis(dihydrobis(pyrazoyl)borate) complexes reveals that most of them contain similar dimers, and that at short π-π intra-dimer distances the complexes are locked in the high-spin state whereas at long distances complete thermal spin crossover (SCO) is observed. Compound 1 with an intermediate π-π intra-dimer distance shows incomplete SCO in the bulk but complete SCO in vacuum-deposited thin films where intermolecular interactions are absent. The implications of this remarkable structure-property relationship are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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23
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Ossinger S, Näther C, Buchholz A, Schmidtmann M, Mangelsen S, Beckhaus R, Plass W, Tuczek F. Spin Transition of an Iron(II) Organoborate Complex in Different Polymorphs and in Vacuum-Deposited Thin Films: Influence of Cooperativity. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7966-7979. [PMID: 32036663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two polymorphic modifications (1-I and 1-II) of the new spin crossover (SCO) complex [Fe{H2B(pz)(pypz)}2] (pz = pyrazole, pypz = pyridylpyrazole; 1) were prepared and investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), magnetic measurements, Mößbauer, vibrational, and absorption spectroscopy as well as single-crystal and X-ray powder diffraction. DSC measurements reveal that upon heating the thermodynamically metastable form 1-II to ∼178 °C it transforms into 1-I in an exothermic reaction, which proves that these modifications are related by monotropism. Both forms show thermal SCO with T1/2 values of 390 K (1-II) and 270 K (1-I). An analysis of the crystal structures of 1-II and the corresponding Zn(II) (2) and Co(II) (3) complexes that are isotypic with 1-I reveals that form II consists of dimers coupled by strong intramolecular π···π interactions, which is not the case for 1-I. In agreement with these findings, investigations of thin films of 1, where significant π···π interactions should be absent, reveal SCO behavior similar to that of 1-I. These results underscore the importance of cooperativity for the spin-transition behavior of this class of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Buchholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute for Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mangelsen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institute for Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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24
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Poggini L, Londi G, Milek M, Naim A, Lanzilotto V, Cortigiani B, Bondino F, Magnano E, Otero E, Sainctavit P, Arrio MA, Juhin A, Marchivie M, Khusniyarov MM, Totti F, Rosa P, Mannini M. Surface effects on a photochromic spin-crossover iron(ii) molecular switch adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20006-20014. [PMID: 31603165 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of an iron(ii) complex with a photochromic diarylethene-based ligand and featuring a spin-crossover behaviour have been grown by sublimation in ultra-high vacuum on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and spectroscopically characterized through high-resolution X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission, as well as via X-ray absorption. Temperature-dependent studies demonstrated that the thermally induced spin-crossover is preserved at a sub-monolayer (0.7 ML) coverage. Although the photochromic ligand ad hoc integrated into the complex allows the photo-switching of the spin state of the complex at room temperature both in bulk and for a thick film on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, this photomagnetic effect is not observed in sub-monolayer deposits. Ab initio calculations justify this behaviour as the result of specific adsorbate-substrate interactions leading to the stabilization of the photoinactive form of the diarylethene ligand over photoactive one on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Poggini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Londi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Milek
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Naim
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valeria Lanzilotto
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Brunetto Cortigiani
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Federica Bondino
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France and IMPMC-UMR7590, CNRS, Sorbonne université, MNHN 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- IMPMC-UMR7590, CNRS, Sorbonne université, MNHN 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amélie Juhin
- IMPMC-UMR7590, CNRS, Sorbonne université, MNHN 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Patrick Rosa
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit of Firenze, University of Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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25
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Lvov AG, Mörtel M, Yadykov AV, Heinemann FW, Shirinian VZ, Khusniyarov MM. Photochromic diarylethene ligands featuring 2-(imidazol-2-yl)pyridine coordination site and their iron(II) complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2428-2437. [PMID: 31666877 PMCID: PMC6808200 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family of photochromic diarylethene-based ligands bearing a 2-(imidazol-2-yl)pyridine coordination unit has been developed. Four members of the new family have been synthesized. The photoactive ligands feature non-aromatic ethene bridges (cyclopentene, cyclopentenone, and cyclohexenone), as well as closely spaced photoactive and metal coordination sites aiming a strong impact of photocyclization on the electronic structure of the coordinated metal ion. The ligands with cyclopentenone and cyclohexenone bridges show good cycloreversion quantum yields of 0.20-0.32. The thermal stability of closed-ring isomers reveals half-lives of up to 20 days in solution at room temperature. The ligands were used to explore coordination chemistry with iron(II) targeting photoswitchable spin-crossover complexes. Unexpectedly, dinuclear and tetranuclear iron(II) complexes were obtained, which were thoroughly characterized by X-ray crystallography, magnetic measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The formation of multinuclear complexes is facilitated by two coordination sites of the diarylethene, acting as a bridging ligand. The bridging nature of the diarylethene in the complexes prevents photocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Max Mörtel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Starikova AA, Chegerev MG, Starikov AG, Minkin VI. Rational Design of Electronically Labile Dinuclear Fe and Co complexes with 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-Diimine: A DFT study. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2284-2292. [PMID: 31228286 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of coordination compounds of redox-active 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diimine with CoII bis-diketonates and FeII dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borates has been computationally designed by means of density functional theory (DFT UB3LYP*/6-311++G(d,p)) calculations of their electronic structure, energy characteristics, and magnetic properties. Four types of complexes differing by the nature and position of the terminal metal-centered fragments have been considered. The performed systematic calculations have revealed the systems capable of undergoing thermally initiated spin-state switching rearrangements, including those governed by the synchronized mechanisms of spin crossover and valence tautomerism. The predicted magnetic characteristics allow one to consider the dinuclear cobalt complexes and heterometallic Co/Fe compounds with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diimine as building blocks for molecular and quantum electronics devices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona A Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University, Stachka Avenue 194/2, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Maxim G Chegerev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University, Stachka Avenue 194/2, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Andrey G Starikov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University, Stachka Avenue 194/2, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Vladimir I Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University, Stachka Avenue 194/2, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
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27
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Mörtel M, Lindner T, Scheurer A, Heinemann FW, Khusniyarov MM. Phenanthroline-Based Molecular Switches for Prospective Chemical Grafting: A Synthetic Strategy and Its Application to Spin-Crossover Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:2659-2666. [PMID: 31509384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Mörtel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marat M. Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Xue S, Rotaru A, Garcia Y. Ligand field strength tuning in the model [Fe(H2Bpz2)2(bipy)] spin crossover complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10751-019-1638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Ossinger S, Näther C, Tuczek F. Crystal structure of bis-[di-hydro-bis-(pyrazol-1-yl)borato-κ 2 N 2, N 2'](1,10-phenanthroline-κ 2 N, N')zinc(II). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1112-1116. [PMID: 31417775 PMCID: PMC6690474 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019009289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Zn(C6H8N4B)2(C12H8N2)], comprises one half of a ZnII cation (site symmetry 2), one di-hydro-bis-(pyrazol-1-yl)borate ligand in a general position, and one half of a phenanthroline ligand, the other half being completed by twofold rotation symmetry. The ZnII cation is coordinated in form of a slightly distorted octa-hedron by the N atoms of a phenanthroline ligand and by two pairs of N atoms of symmetry-related di-hydro-bis-(pyrazol-1-yl)borate ligands. The discrete complexes are arranged into columns that elongate in the c-axis direction with a parallel alignment of the phenanthroline ligands, indicating weak π-π inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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Gardinier JR, Meise KJ, Jahan F, Wang D, Lindeman SV. Selective Isomer Formation and Crystallization-Directed Magnetic Behavior in Nitrogen-Confused C-Scorpionate Complexes of Fe(O 3SCF 3) 2. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8953-8968. [PMID: 31247826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complex [Fe(HL*)2](OTf)2, 1, where HL* = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)(3-1H-pyrazole)methane, was prepared in order to compare its magnetic properties with those of the analogous parent complex, [Fe(HL)2](OTf)2, that lacks methyl groups on pyrazolyl rings and that undergoes spin crossover (SCO) from the low spin (LS) to the high spin (HS) form above room temperature. It was anticipated that this new semibulky derivative should favor the HS state and undergo SCO at a lower temperature range. During this study, six crystalline forms of 1 were prepared by controlling the crystallization conditions. Thus, when reagents are combined in CH3CN, an equilibrium mixture of cis and trans isomers is established that favors the latter below 311 K. The trans isomer can be isolated exclusively as a mixture of solvates, LS trans-1·2CH3CN and HS trans-1·4CH3CN, by cooling CH3CN solutions to -20 °C with the former being favored at high concentrations and short crystallization times. Subsequently, vapor diffusion of Et2O into CH3CN solutions of pure trans-1·2CH3CN gives solvate-free HS trans-1. Subjecting trans-1·2CH3CN to vacuum at room temperature gives microcrystalline trans-1·CH3CN, identified by elemental analysis and its distinct powder X-ray diffraction pattern. If an isomeric mixture of 1 is subject to room-temperature vapor diffusion, then a crystalline mixture of HS isomers cis-1 and trans-1 is obtained. Finally, slowly cooling hot acetonitrile solutions of isomeric mixtures of 1 to room temperature gives large prisms of HS co-1, a species with both cis and trans isomers in the unit cell. The complexes trans-1, trans-1·CH3CN, cis-1, and co-1 undergo SCO below 250 K while trans-1·xCH3CN (x = 2, 4) solvates do not undergo SCO before desolvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Gardinier
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Kristin J Meise
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Fathiya Jahan
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Sergey V Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
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Brückmann J, Heidecker AA, Popovic D, Mengele AK, Nauroozi D, Bäuerle P, Rau S. Stille Expands the Family: Access to 5,6‐Bis‐2‐thienyl‐Substituted Phenanthroline Under Mild Conditions for Luminescent Ruthenium Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Brückmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Duško Popovic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander Klaus Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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Chastanet G, Lorenc M, Bertoni R, Desplanches C. Light-induced spin crossover—Solution and solid-state processes. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lvov AG, Khusniyarov MM, Shirinian VZ. Azole-based diarylethenes as the next step towards advanced photochromic materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Xue S, Guo Y, Rotaru A, Müller-Bunz H, Morgan GG, Trzop E, Collet E, Oláh J, Garcia Y. Spin Crossover Behavior in a Homologous Series of Iron(II) Complexes Based on Functionalized Bipyridyl Ligands. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9880-9891. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Xue
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yunnan Guo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aurelian Rotaru
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and MANSiD Research Center, “Stefan cel Mare” University, University Street, 13, Suceava 720229, Romania
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Grace G. Morgan
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elzbieta Trzop
- Univ Rennes 1,
CNRS, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, UBL, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Eric Collet
- Univ Rennes 1,
CNRS, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, UBL, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Julianna Oláh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Szent Gellért tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yann Garcia
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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