1
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Zhang Y, Abdi-Jalebi M, Larson BW, Zhang F. What Matters for the Charge Transport of 2D Perovskites? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404517. [PMID: 38779825 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Compared to 3D perovskites, 2D perovskites exhibit excellent stability, structural diversity, and tunable bandgaps, making them highly promising for applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. However, the trade-off for worse charge transport is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. This comprehensive review first discusses the structure of 3D and 2D metal halide perovskites, then summarizes the significant factors influencing charge transport in detail and provides a brief overview of the testing methods. Subsequently, various strategies to improve the charge transport are presented, including tuning A'-site organic spacer cations, A-site cations, B-site metal cations, and X-site halide ions. Finally, an outlook on the future development of improving the 2D perovskites' charge transport is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Bryon W Larson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Liu Y, Guo J, Zhou H, Li C, Guo X. Correlating π-π Stacking of Aromatic Diammoniums with Stability and Dimensional Reduction of Dion-Jacobson 2D Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8198-8205. [PMID: 38478884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase 2D perovskites with various aromatic diammonium cations, potentially possessing high stability, have been developed for optoelectronics. However, their stability does not meet initial expectations, and some of them even easily degrade into lower-dimensional structures. Underlying the stability mechanism and dimensional reduction of these DJ 2D perovskites remains elusive. Herein, we report that π-π stacking intensity between aromatic cations determines structural stability and dimensional variation of DJ 2D perovskites by investigating nine benzene diammoniums (BDAs)-derived low-dimensional perovskites. The BDAs without intermolecular π-π stacking form stable DJ 2D perovskites, while those showing strong π-π stacking tend to generate 1D and 0D architectures. Furthermore, the π-π stacking intensity highly relies on molecular symmetry and electrostatic potential of BDAs; namely, asymmetry and small dipole moment facilitate alleviating the π-π stacking, leading to the formation of DJ 2D perovskites and vice versa. Our findings establish the relationship of aromatic diammonium structure-π-π stacking interaction-perovskite dimensionality, which can guide the design of stable DJ 2D perovskites and the manipulation of perovskite dimensionality for various optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Junxue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Morana M, Kaiser W, Chiara R, Albini B, Meggiolaro D, Mosconi E, Galinetto P, De Angelis F, Malavasi L. Origin of Broad Emission Induced by Rigid Aromatic Ditopic Cations in Low-Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7860-7868. [PMID: 37638524 PMCID: PMC10494231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of broadband emitters based on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) requires the elucidation of structure-emission property correlations. Herein, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on a series of novel low-dimensional lead chloride perovskites, including ditopic aromatic cations. Synthesized lead chloride perovskites and their bromide analogues show both narrow and broad photoluminescence emission properties as a function of their cation and halide nature. Structural analysis shows a correlation between the rigidity of the ditopic cations and the lead halide octahedral distortions. Density functional theory calculations reveal, in turn, the pivotal role of octahedral distortions in the formation of self-trapped excitons, which are responsible for the insurgence of broad emission and large Stokes shifts together with a contribution of halide vacancies. For the considered MHP series, the use of conventional octahedral distortion parameters allows us to nicely describe the trend of emission properties, thus providing a solid guide for further materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Morana
- Department
of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Waldemar Kaiser
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Rossella Chiara
- Department
of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Benedetta Albini
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Pietro Galinetto
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio
Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia 06123, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and INSTM, Perugia 06123, Italy
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department
of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
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4
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Tong G, Chen Y, Xiao X, Tang J, He B, Cao S, Li M, He Y, Chen J. Asymmetric Diammonium Directed In-Plane Charge Transport Enhancement in Two-Dimensional Lead Bromide Perovskite for Weak-Light Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53065-53073. [PMID: 36394964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskites are drawing significant attention in optoelectronic fields because of their enhanced out-of-plane electron coupling and improved structure stability. However, the structural effects of organic cations on the in-plane charge transport properties of 2D DJ lead bromide perovskites have remained less explored. Herein, we adopt asymmetric 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylammonium (DMPD) and symmetric butane-1,4-diammonium (BDA) to systematically investigate the influence of organic cations on the structural, optical, and in-plane charge transport properties of 2D lead bromide perovskites. The large penetration depth of DMPD2+ induces a decreased perovskite layer distortion and a lower bandgap in DMPDPbBr4, compared with that of BDAPbBr4. Moreover, DMPDPbBr4 is shown to possess a low exciton binding energy, a low defect density, and a low ion migration activation energy, thereby yielding a more efficient in-plane charge collection efficiency than BDAPbBr4. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the improved in-plane charge transport can be traced to the enlarged antibonding coupling between Pb-6s and Br-4p orbitals that enables a high band dispersion and a low carrier effective mass in the in-plane direction of DMPDPbBr4. Finally, the planar Ag/DMPDPbBr4/Ag photodetector delivers a satisfying detectivity of 1.73 × 1012 Jones under an incident power intensity of 0.16 mW cm-2 and a high on/off ratio of 5.3 × 103. The above findings offer novel insight for the design of 2D DJ lead bromide perovskites for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Tong
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Xingfu Xiao
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Junjie Tang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Biqi He
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Yunbin He
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Junnian Chen
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
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5
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The chemistry and physics of organic—inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum wells. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Lao Y, Yang S, Yu W, Guo H, Zou Y, Chen Z, Xiao L. Multifunctional π-Conjugated Additives for Halide Perovskite. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105307. [PMID: 35315240 PMCID: PMC9189639 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additive is a conventional way to enhance halide perovskite active layer performance in multiaspects. Among them, π-conjugated molecules have significantly special influence on halide perovskite due to the superior electrical conductivity, rigidity property, and good planarity of π-electrons. In particular, π-conjugated additives usually have stronger interaction with halide perovskites. Therefore, they help with higher charge mobility and longer device lifetime compared with alkyl-based molecules. In this review, the detailed effect of conjugated molecules is discussed in the following parts: defect passivation, lattice orientation guidance, crystallization assistance, energy level rearrangement, and stability improvement. Meanwhile, the roles of conjugated ligands played in low-dimensional perovskite devices are summarized. This review gives an in-depth discussion about how conjugated molecules interact with halide perovskites, which may help understand the improved performance mechanism of perovskite device with π-conjugated additives. It is expected that π-conjugated organic additives for halide perovskites can provide unprecedented opportunities for the future improvement of perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Lao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
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7
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Chow AS, Zhong X, Fabini DH, Zeller M, Oertel CM. (C 5H 6N)Pb 2X 5 (X = Cl, Br): Hybrid Lead Halides Based on Seven-Coordinate Pb(II). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6530-6538. [PMID: 35446573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid lead halides are a diverse family of compounds, of interest for their optoelectronic properties, that vary in the dimensionality and connectivity of their inorganic substructures. The great majority of these compounds are based on lead-centered octahedra, with few examples featuring inorganic architectures containing higher coordination numbers. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a pyridinium lead bromide phase that is based on seven-coordinate Pb(II) centers. Through edge- and face-sharing, the polyhedra form a corrugated, two-dimensional inorganic substructure. Electronic structure calculations were used to examine the band structure and the role of the stereoactive lone pair in the inherently asymmetric, seven-coordinate Pb(II) geometry. For reference, we have visualized the role of the lone pair in the binary halide PbBr2, which also has a seven-coordinate inner ligand sphere. A comparison of the new structure with the limited number of existing hybrid lead halides with similar inorganic architectures highlights the templating role of the organic cation for these compounds. We also contribute characterization and discussion of isomorphic pyridinium lead chloride, which had been deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database but never, to our knowledge, addressed in the literature. The compounds were synthesized using solution conditions and structures determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The materials were also characterized via powder X-ray diffraction, combustion elemental analysis, and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy. While the structures reported here are centrosymmetric, the seven-coordinate, capped trigonal prismatic geometry that we have identified is a source of local asymmetry that could be used as a component in designing globally noncentrosymmetric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S Chow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Xinyue Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Douglas H Fabini
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Catherine M Oertel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
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8
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Zhang WF, Pan HM, Ma YY, Li DY, Jing Z. One-dimensional corner-sharing perovskites: Syntheses, structural evolutions and tunable photoluminescence properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Stereochemical expression of ns2 electron pairs in metal halide perovskites. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:838-852. [PMID: 37117392 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are characterized as strongly anharmonic and dynamic lattices. While there is a consensus on the solvation-like polarization effect in these materials, whether static polarization, that is, ferroelectricity, exists or not in 3D MHPs remains controversial. In this Review, we resolve this controversy by analysing the stereochemical expression (SE) of the ns2 electron pair (NSEP) on group IV metal cations. The SE-NSEP is key to lattice instability, which governs the breaking of inversion symmetry and induces ferroelectricity. The SE-NSEP is diminishingly small in commonly studied 3D lead iodide or bromide perovskites, indicating an absence of ferroelectricity. In contrast, 2D MHPs promote the SE-NSEP and produce unambiguous ferroelectricity or antiferroelectricity. Irrespective of ferroelectricity, the dynamic manifestation of the SE-NSEP provides the missing link to understanding polar fluctuations and efficient dielectric screening in MHPs, thus, contributing to the long carrier lifetimes and diffusion lengths.
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10
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Elliott C, McNulty JA, Cordes DB, Slawin AM, Lightfoot P. Structural diversity in hybrid lead halides templated by 4-methylimidazolium. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Vasileiadou ES, Kanatzidis MG. Structure‐Property Relationships and Idiosyncrasies of Bulk, 2D Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Han D, Chen S, Du MH. Role of Polycyclic Aromatic Alkylammonium Cations in Tuning the Electronic Properties and Band Alignment of Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9754-9760. [PMID: 34592105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have recently drawn intense attention as potential photovoltaic materials. However, n = 1 two-dimensional (2D) HOIPs face the challenge of low conductivity between the inorganic layers, leading to unsatisfactory device performance. Interestingly, 2D HOIPs employing π-conjugated molecules as organic moieties show energy and charge transfers between organic and inorganic layers, indicating potentially efficient carrier transport for photovoltaic applications. Nevertheless, the development of 2D HOIP-based solar cells especially utilizing polycyclic aromatic alkylammonium as cations is in its infancy. Herein, we investigated the electronic structure and band alignment of a series of n = 1 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase HOIPs containing different polycyclic aromatic groups and alkyl chains, based on density functional theory calculations. We find that the polycyclic aromatic group plays an important role in controlling the functionality of 2D HOIPs by directly modifying band-edge states, and the band alignment at the organic-inorganic interface can be designed to promote either exciton trapping or dissociation for light-emitting or photovoltaic applications, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Munich, D-81377, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shiyou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mao-Hua Du
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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13
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Lyu R, Moore CE, Liu T, Yu Y, Wu Y. Predictive Design Model for Low-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites Assisted by Machine Learning. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12766-12776. [PMID: 34357756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional organic-inorganic halide perovskites have attracted interest for their properties in exciton dynamics, broad-band emission, magnetic spin selectivity. However, there is no quantitative model for predicting the structure-directing effect of organic cations on the dimensionality of these low-dimensional perovskites. Here, we report a machine learning (ML)-assisted approach to predict the dimensionality of lead iodide-based perovskites. A literature review reveals 86 reported amines that are classified into "2D"-forming and "non-2D"-forming based on the dimensionality of their perovskites. Machining learning models were trained and tested based on the classification and descriptor features of these ammonium cations. Four structural features, including steric effect index, eccentricity, largest ring size, and hydrogen-bond donor, have been identified as the key controlling factors. On the basis of these features, a quantified equation is created to calculate the probability of forming 2D perovskite for a selected amine. To further illustrate its predicting capability, the built model is applied to several untested amines, and the predicted dimensionality is verified by growing single crystals of perovskites from these amines. This work represents a step toward predicting the crystal structures of low dimensional hybrid halide perovskites using ML as a tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Lyu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yongze Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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14
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McNulty JA, Lightfoot P. Structural chemistry of layered lead halide perovskites containing single octahedral layers. IUCRJ 2021; 8:485-513. [PMID: 34258000 PMCID: PMC8256700 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521005418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive review of the structural chemistry of hybrid lead halides of stoichiometry APbX 4, A 2PbX4 or A A'PbX 4, where A and A' are organic ammonium cations and X = Cl, Br or I. These compounds may be considered as layered perovskites, containing isolated, infinite layers of corner-sharing PbX 4 octahedra separated by the organic species. First, over 250 crystal structures were extracted from the CCDC and classified in terms of unit-cell metrics and crystal symmetry. Symmetry mode analysis was then used to identify the nature of key structural distortions of the [PbX 4]∞ layers. Two generic types of distortion are prevalent in this family: tilting of the octahedral units and shifts of the inorganic layers relative to each other. Although the octahedral tilting modes are well known in the crystallography of purely inorganic perovskites, the additional layer-shift modes are shown to enormously enrich the structural options available in layered hybrid perovskites. Some examples and trends are discussed in more detail in order to show how the nature of the interlayer organic species can influence the overall structural architecture; although the main aim of the paper is to encourage workers in the field to make use of the systematic crystallographic methods used here to further understand and rationalize their own compounds, and perhaps to be able to design-in particular structural features in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. McNulty
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Lightfoot
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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15
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Li X, Hoffman JM, Kanatzidis MG. The 2D Halide Perovskite Rulebook: How the Spacer Influences Everything from the Structure to Optoelectronic Device Efficiency. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2230-2291. [PMID: 33476131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding semiconducting materials thanks to their superior stability and structural diversity. However, the ever-growing field of optoelectronic device research using 2D perovskites requires systematic understanding of the effects of the spacer on the structure, properties, and device performance. So far, many studies are based on trial-and-error tests of random spacers with limited ability to predict the resulting structure of these synthetic experiments, hindering the discovery of novel 2D materials to be incorporated into high-performance devices. In this review, we provide guidelines on successfully choosing spacers and incorporating them into crystalline materials and optoelectronic devices. We first provide a summary of various synthetic methods to act as a tutorial for groups interested in pursuing synthesis of novel 2D perovskites. Second, we provide our insights on what kind of spacer cations can stabilize 2D perovskites followed by an extensive review of the spacer cations, which have been shown to stabilize 2D perovskites with an emphasis on the effects of the spacer on the structure and optical properties. Next, we provide a similar explanation for the methods used to fabricate films and their desired properties. Like the synthesis section, we will then focus on various spacers that have been used in devices and how they influence the film structure and device performance. With a comprehensive understanding of these effects, a rational selection of novel spacers can be made, accelerating this already exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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16
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Morrow DJ, Hautzinger MP, Lafayette DP, Scheeler JM, Dang L, Leng M, Kohler DD, Wheaton AM, Fu Y, Guzei IA, Tang J, Jin S, Wright JC. Disentangling Second Harmonic Generation from Multiphoton Photoluminescence in Halide Perovskites using Multidimensional Harmonic Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6551-6559. [PMID: 32700916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) halide perovskites are an intriguing class of semiconductors being explored for their linear and nonlinear optical and ferroelectric properties. Second harmonic generation (SHG) is commonly used to screen for noncentrosymmetric and ferroelectric materials. However, SHG measurements of perovskites can be obscured by their intense multiphoton photoluminescence (mPL). Here, we apply multidimensional harmonic generation as a method to eliminate the complications from mPL. By scanning and correlating both excitation and emission frequencies, we unambiguously assess whether a material supports SHG by examining if an emission feature scales as twice the excitation frequency. Measurements of a series of n = 2, 3 RP perovskites reveal that, contrary to previous belief, n-butylammonium (BA) RP perovskites are not SHG-active and thus centrosymmetric, but RP perovskites with phenylethylammonium (PEA) and 2-thiophenemethylammonium (TPMA) spacer cations display SHG. This work establishes multidimensional harmonic generation as a definitive method to measure SHG in halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darien J Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew P Hautzinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David P Lafayette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jason M Scheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lianna Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Meiying Leng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Daniel D Kohler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amelia M Wheaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jiang Tang
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John C Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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17
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Febriansyah B, Lekina Y, Ghosh B, Harikesh PC, Koh TM, Li Y, Shen Z, Mathews N, England J. Molecular Engineering of Pure 2D Lead-Iodide Perovskite Solar Absorbers Displaying Reduced Band Gaps and Dielectric Confinement. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2693-2701. [PMID: 32078248 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pure 2D lead-iodide perovskites typically demonstrate poor charge transport and compromised visible light absorption, relative to their 3D congeners. This hinders their potential use as solar absorbers. Herein, the systematic tuning of pyridinium-based templating cations is reported to introduce intermolecular interactions that provide access to a series of new 2D lead-iodide perovskites with reduced inter-octahedral distortions (largest Pb-(μ-I)-Pb bond angles of 170-179°) and very short inorganic interlayer separations (shortest I⋅⋅⋅I contacts ≤4.278-4.447 Å). These features manifest in reduced band gaps (2.35-2.46 eV) and relaxed dielectric confinement (excitonic binding energies of 130-200 meV). As a consequence, they demonstrate (more than ten-fold) improved photo- and electrical conductivities relative to conventional 2D lead-iodide perovskites, such as that templated by 2-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium. Through computational studies, the origin of this behavior was shown to derive from a combination of short iodoplumbate layer separations and the aromaticity of the organic dications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Febriansyah
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Interdiscipinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yulia Lekina
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Interdiscipinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Interdiscipinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zexiang Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jason England
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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18
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Price CC, Blancon JC, Mohite AD, Shenoy VB. Interfacial Electromechanics Predicts Phase Behavior of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3353-3364. [PMID: 32073821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) mixed-cation hybrid halide perovskites (A'2AN-1MNX3N+1; A' = large organic molecule with cationic group, A = [Cs+, CH3NH3+, HC(NH2)2+], M = [Pb, Sn, Ge], X = [I-, Br-, Cl-]) have rapidly emerged as candidates to improve the structural stability and device lifetime of 3D perovskite semiconductor devices under operating conditions. The addition of the large A' cation to the traditional AMX3 structure introduces several synthetic degrees of freedom and breaks M-X bonds, giving rise to peculiar critical phase behavior in the phase space of these complex materials. In this work, we propose a thermodynamic model parametrized by first-principles calculations to generate the phase diagram of 2D and quasi-2D perovskites (q-2DPKs) based on the mechanics and electrostatics of the interface between the A' cations and the metal halide octahedral network. Focusing on the most commonly studied methylammonium lead iodide system where A' is n-butylammonium (BA; CH3(CH2)3NH3+), we find that the apparent difficulty in synthesizing phase-pure samples with a stoichiometric index N > 5 can be attributed to the energetic competition between repulsion of opposing interfacial dipole layers and mechanical relaxation induced by interfacial stress. Our model shows quantitative agreement with experimental observations of the maximum phase-pure stoichiometric index (Ncrit) and explains the nonmonotonic evolution of the lattice parameters with increasing stoichiometric index (N). This model is generalizable to the entire family of q-2DPKs and can guide the design of photovoltaic and optical materials that combine the structural stability of the q-2DPKs while retaining the charge carrier properties of their 3D counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Price
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Blancon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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19
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Two bilayer organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite compounds exhibiting reversible phase transition and dielectric anomalies. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Walter P, Kaifer E, Herrmann H, Wadepohl H, Hübner O, Himmel H. Redox‐Active Guanidines with One or Two Guanidino Groups and Their Integration in Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Walter
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hendrik Herrmann
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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21
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Fu Y, Hautzinger MP, Luo Z, Wang F, Pan D, Aristov MM, Guzei IA, Pan A, Zhu X, Jin S. Incorporating Large A Cations into Lead Iodide Perovskite Cages: Relaxed Goldschmidt Tolerance Factor and Impact on Exciton-Phonon Interaction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1377-1386. [PMID: 31482120 PMCID: PMC6716133 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The stability and formation of a perovskite structure is dictated by the Goldschmidt tolerance factor as a general geometric guideline. The tolerance factor has limited the choice of cations (A) in 3D lead iodide perovskites (APbI3), an intriguing class of semiconductors for high-performance photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Here, we show the tolerance factor requirement is relaxed in 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites, enabling the incorporation of a variety of larger cations beyond the methylammonium (MA), formamidinium, and cesium ions in the lead iodide perovskite cages for the first time. This is unequivocally confirmed with the single-crystal X-ray structure of newly synthesized guanidinium (GA)-based (n-C6H13NH3)2(GA)Pb2I7, which exhibits significantly enlarged and distorted perovskite cage containing sterically constrained GA cation. Structural comparison with (n-C6H13NH3)2(MA)Pb2I7 reveals that the structural stabilization originates from the mitigation of strain accumulation and self-adjustable strain-balancing in 2D RP structures. Furthermore, spectroscopic studies show a large A cation significantly influences carrier dynamics and exciton-phonon interactions through modulating the inorganic sublattice. These results enrich the diverse families of perovskite materials, provide new insights into the mechanistic role of A-site cations on their physical properties, and have implications to solar device studies using engineered perovskite thin films incorporating such large organic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew P. Hautzinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ziyu Luo
- Key
Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dongxu Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael M. Aristov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key
Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- E-mail: (S.J.)
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22
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Dahod NS, Paritmongkol W, Stollmann A, Settens C, Zheng SL, Tisdale WA. Melting Transitions of the Organic Subphase in Layered Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2924-2930. [PMID: 31066277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the phase behavior of two-dimensional (C xH2 x+1NH3)2[(MA,FA)PbI3] n-1PbI4 layered perovskites near room temperature (-20 °C to +100 °C) as a function of the octahedral layer thickness ( n = 1, 2, 3, 4), alkylammonium chain length (butyl, pentyl, and hexyl), and identity of the small organic cation (methylammonium and formamidinium). Using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction, we observe a reversible first-order phase transition corresponding to a partial melting transition of the alkylammonium chains separating the perovskite layers. The melting temperature, Tm, increases from 10 to 77.9 to 95.9 °C as the carbon chain length increases from C4 to C5 to C6, but it is insensitive to octahedral layer thickness, n. The latent heat of melting, Δ Hm, was in the range of 3-5 kJ/mol-spacer, indicating only partial disordering of the carbon chain. We discuss these findings and their implications in the context of melting in other two-dimensional molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel S Dahod
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Alexia Stollmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Charles Settens
- Center for Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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23
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Van Gompel WTM, Herckens R, Van Hecke K, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D. Towards 2D layered hybrid perovskites with enhanced functionality: introducing charge-transfer complexes via self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2481-2484. [PMID: 30734783 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study broadens the family of 2D layered perovskites by demonstrating that it is possible to self-assemble organic charge-transfer complexes in their organic layer. Organic charge-transfer complexes, formed by combining charge-donating and charge-accepting molecules, are a diverse class of materials that can possess exceptional optical and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter T M Van Gompel
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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24
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Li T, Dunlap-Shohl WA, Reinheimer EW, Le Magueres P, Mitzi DB. Melting temperature suppression of layered hybrid lead halide perovskites via organic ammonium cation branching. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1168-1175. [PMID: 30774915 PMCID: PMC6349064 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03863e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted broad interest because of their unique optical and electronic properties, as well as good processability. Thermal properties of these materials, often overlooked, can provide additional critical information for developing new methods of thin film preparation using, for example, melt processing-i.e., making films of hybrid perovskites by solidification of a thin layer of the melt liquid. We demonstrate that it is possible to tune the melting temperature of layered hybrid lead iodide perovskites over the range of more than 100 degrees by modifying the structures of alkylammonium-derived organic cations. Through the introduction of alkyl chain branching and extending the length of the base alkylammonium cation, melting temperatures of as low as 172 °C can be achieved and high quality thin films of layered hybrid lead iodide perovskites can be made using a solvent-free melt process with no additives and in ambient air. Additionally, we show that a similar concept can be translated to the corresponding layered bromides, with slightly higher observed melting temperatures. The design rules established here can guide the discovery of new melt-processable perovskite materials for low-cost high performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
| | - Wiley A Dunlap-Shohl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
| | - Eric W Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation , 9009 New Tails Drive , The Woodland , Texas 77381 , USA
| | - Pierre Le Magueres
- Rigaku Americas Corporation , 9009 New Tails Drive , The Woodland , Texas 77381 , USA
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA
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25
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Katan C, Mercier N, Even J. Quantum and Dielectric Confinement Effects in Lower-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3140-3192. [PMID: 30638375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites are now superstar materials leading the field of low-cost thin film photovoltaics technologies. Following the surge for more efficient and stable 3D bulk alloys, multilayered halide perovskites and colloidal perovskite nanostructures appeared in 2016 as viable alternative solutions to this challenge, largely exceeding the original proof of concept made in 2009 and 2014, respectively. This triggered renewed interest in lower-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites and at the same time increasingly more numerous and differentiated applications. The present paper is a review of the past and present literature on both colloidal nanostructures and multilayered compounds, emphasizing that availability of accurate structural information is of dramatic importance to reach a fair understanding of quantum and dielectric confinement effects. Layered halide perovskites occupy a special place in the history of halide perovskites, with a large number of seminal papers in the 1980s and 1990s. In recent years, the rationalization of structure-properties relationship has greatly benefited from new theoretical approaches dedicated to their electronic structures and optoelectronic properties, as well as a growing number of contributions based on modern experimental techniques. This is a necessary step to provide in-depth tools to decipher their extensive chemical engineering possibilities which surpass the ones of their 3D bulk counterparts. Comparisons to classical semiconductor nanostructures and 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also stressed. Since 2015, colloidal nanostructures have undergone a quick development for applications based on light emission. Although intensively studied in the last two years by various spectroscopy techniques, the description of quantum and dielectric confinement effects on their optoelectronic properties is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Nicolas Mercier
- MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR-CNRS 6200, Université d'Angers , 2 Bd Lavoisier , 49045 Angers , France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082 , F-35000 Rennes , France
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26
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Hernández-Haro N, Ortega-Castro J, Martynov YB, Nazmitdinov RG, Frontera A. DFT prediction of band gap in organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites: An exchange-correlation functional benchmark study. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Mao L, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG. Two-Dimensional Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Principles and Promises. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:1171-1190. [PMID: 30399319 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites have become the "next big thing" in emerging semiconductor materials, as the past decade witnessed their successful application in high-performance photovoltaics. This resurgence has encompassed enormous and widespread development of the three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, spearheaded by CH3NH3PbI3. The next generation of halide perovskites, however, is characterized by reduced dimensionality perovskites, emphasizing the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite derivatives which expand the field into a more diverse subgroup of semiconducting hybrids that possesses even higher tunability and excellent photophysical properties. In this Perspective, we begin with a historical flashback to early reports before the "perovskite fever", and we follow this original work to its fruition in the present day, where 2D halide perovskites are in the spotlight of current research, offering characteristics desirable in high-performance optoelectronics. We approach the evolution of 2D halide perovskites from a structural perspective, providing a way to classify the diverse structure types of the materials, which largely dictate the unusual physical properties observed. We sort the 2D hybrid halide perovskites on the basis of two key components: the inorganic layers and their modification, and the organic cation diversity. As these two heterogeneous components blend, either by synthetic manipulation (shuffling the organic cations or inorganic elements) or by application of external stimuli (temperature and pressure), the modular perovskite structure evolves to construct crystallographically defined quantum wells (QWs). The complex electronic structure that arises is sensitive to the structural features that could be in turn used as a knob to control the dielectric and optical properties the QWs. We conclude this Perspective with the most notable achievements in optoelectronic devices that have been demonstrated to date, with an eye toward future material discovery and potential technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Mao
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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28
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Li X, Ha Do TT, Granados del Águila A, Huang Y, Chen W, Li Y, Ganguly R, Morris S, Xiong Q, Li DS, Zhang Q. Two-Dimensional and Emission-Tunable: An Unusual Perovskite Constructed from Lindqvist-Type [Pb6Br19]7– Nanoclusters. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14035-14038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - T. Thu Ha Do
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematics Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - A. Granados del Águila
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematics Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yinjuan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wangqiao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematics Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematics Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Samuel Morris
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematics Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Dong-sheng Li
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Passarelli JV, Fairfield DJ, Sather NA, Hendricks MP, Sai H, Stern CL, Stupp SI. Enhanced Out-of-Plane Conductivity and Photovoltaic Performance in n = 1 Layered Perovskites through Organic Cation Design. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7313-7323. [PMID: 29869499 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Layered perovskites with the formula (R-NH3)2PbI4 have excellent environmental stability but poor photovoltaic function due to the preferential orientation of the semiconducting layer parallel to the substrate and the typically insulating nature of the R-NH3+ cation. Here, we report a series of these n = 1 layered perovskites with the form (aromatic- O-linker-NH3)2PbI4 where the aromatic moiety is naphthalene, pyrene, or perylene and the linker is ethyl, propyl, or butyl. These materials achieve enhanced conductivity perpendicular to the inorganic layers due to better energy level matching between the inorganic layers and organic galleries. The enhanced conductivity and visible absorption of these materials led to a champion power conversion efficiency of 1.38%, which is the highest value reported for any n = 1 layered perovskite, and it is an order of magnitude higher efficiency than any other n = 1 layered perovskite oriented with layers parallel to the substrate. These findings demonstrate the importance of leveraging the electronic character of the organic cation to improve optoelectronic properties and thus the photovoltaic performance of these chemically stable low n layered perovskites.
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Mao L, Ke W, Pedesseau L, Wu Y, Katan C, Even J, Wasielewski MR, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG. Hybrid Dion-Jacobson 2D Lead Iodide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3775-3783. [PMID: 29465246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have shown huge potential for use in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. Although these materials are under intense investigation, derivative materials with lower dimensionality are emerging, offering higher tunability of physical properties and new capabilities. Here, we present two new series of hybrid two-dimensional (2D) perovskites that adopt the Dion-Jacobson (DJ) structure type, which are the first complete homologous series reported in halide perovskite chemistry. Lead iodide DJ perovskites adopt a general formula A'A n-1Pb nI3 n+1 (A' = 3-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (3AMP) or 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (4AMP), A = methylammonium (MA)). These materials have layered structures where the stacking of inorganic layers is unique as they lay exactly on top of another. With a slightly different position of the functional group in the templating cation 3AMP and 4AMP, the as-formed DJ perovskites show different optical properties, with the 3AMP series having smaller band gaps than the 4AMP series. Analysis on the crystal structures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the origin of the systematic band gap shift is the strong but indirect influence of the organic cation on the inorganic framework. Fabrication of photovoltaic devices utilizing these materials as light absorbers reveals that (3AMP)(MA)3Pb4I13 has the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.32%, which is much higher than that of the corresponding (4AMP)(MA)3Pb4I13.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Pedesseau
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082 , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | | | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082 , Rennes F-35000 , France
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