1
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Mittal S, Prajapati KP, Ansari M, Joshi K, Mishra N, Mahato OP, Anand BG, Kar K. Cu(II) Specifically Disassembles Insulin Amyloid Nanostructures via Direct Interaction with Cross-β Fibrils. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38990555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate direct evidence of the antiamyloid potential of Cu(II) ions against amyloid formation of insulin. The Cu(II) ions were found to efficiently disassemble the preformed amyloid nanostructures into soluble species and suppress monomer fibrillation under aggregation-prone conditions. The direct interaction of Cu(II) ions with the cross-β structure of amyloid fibrils causes substantial disruption of both the interchain and intrachain interactions, predominantly the H-bonds and hydrophobic contacts. Further, the Cu(II) ions show a strong affinity for the aggregation-prone conformers of the protein and inhibit their spontaneous self-assembly. These results reveal the possible molecular mechanism for the antiamyloidogenic potential of Cu(II) which could be important for the development of metal-ion specific therapeutic strategies against amyloid linked complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Mittal
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kailash Prasad Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Masihuzzaman Ansari
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kajal Joshi
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nishant Mishra
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Om Prakash Mahato
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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2
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De Santis E, Alleva S, Minicozzi V, Morante S, Stellato F. Probing the Dynamic Landscape: From Static to Time-Resolved X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Investigate Copper Redox Chemistry in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300712. [PMID: 38526934 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), with its ability to exist in various oxidation states, notably Cu(I) and Cu(II), plays a crucial role in diverse biological redox reactions. This includes its involvement in pathways associated with oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. This paper offers an overview of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) studies designed to elucidate the interactions between Cu ions and proteins or peptides associated with these neurodegenerative diseases. The emphasis lies on XAS specificity, revealing the local coordination environment, and on its sensitivity to Cu oxidation states. Furthermore, the paper focuses on XAS applications targeting the characterization of intermediate reaction states and explores the opportunities arising from recent advancements in time-resolved XAS at ultrabright synchrotron and Free Electron Laser radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano De Santis
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefania Alleva
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Silvia Morante
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
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3
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Ekanayake RSK, Streltsov VA, Best SP, Chantler CT. Nanostructure and dynamics of N-truncated copper amyloid-β peptides from advanced X-ray absorption fine structure. IUCRJ 2024; 11:325-346. [PMID: 38602752 PMCID: PMC11067746 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
An X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) electrochemical cell was used to collect high-quality XAS measurements of N-truncated Cu:amyloid-β (Cu:Aβ) samples under near-physiological conditions. N-truncated Cu:Aβ peptide complexes contribute to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's patients' brains. However, the redox properties of copper in different Aβ peptide sequences are inconsistent. Therefore, the geometry of binding sites for the copper binding in Aβ4-8/12/16 was determined using novel advanced extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. This enables these peptides to perform redox cycles in a manner that might produce toxicity in human brains. Fluorescence XAS measurements were corrected for systematic errors including defective-pixel data, monochromator glitches and dispersion of pixel spectra. Experimental uncertainties at each data point were measured explicitly from the point-wise variance of corrected pixel measurements. The copper-binding environments of Aβ4-8/12/16 were precisely determined by fitting XAS measurements with propagated experimental uncertainties, advanced analysis and hypothesis testing, providing a mechanism to pursue many similarly complex questions in bioscience. The low-temperature XAS measurements here determine that CuII is bound to the first amino acids in the high-affinity amino-terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motif with an oxygen in a tetragonal pyramid geometry in the Aβ4-8/12/16 peptides. Room-temperature XAS electrochemical-cell measurements observe metal reduction in the Aβ4-16 peptide. Robust investigations of XAS provide structural details of CuII binding with a very different bis-His motif and a water oxygen in a quasi-tetrahedral geometry. Oxidized XAS measurements of Aβ4-12/16 imply that both CuII and CuIII are accommodated in an ATCUN-like binding site. Hypotheses for these CuI, CuII and CuIII geometries were proven and disproven using the novel data and statistical analysis including F tests. Structural parameters were determined with an accuracy some tenfold better than literature claims of past work. A new protocol was also developed using EXAFS data analysis for monitoring radiation damage. This gives a template for advanced analysis of complex biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Mohd Nor Ihsan NS, Abdul Sani SF, Looi LM, Pathmanathan D, Cheah PL, Chiew SF, Bradley DA. EDXRF and the relative presence of K, Ca, Fe and as in amyloidogenic tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123743. [PMID: 38113556 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Trace and minor elements play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes, including amyloid fibrils formation. Mechanisms include activation or inhibition of enzymatic reactions, competition between elements and metal proteins for binding positions, also changes to the permeability of cellular membranes. These may influence carcinogenic processes, with trace and minor element concentrations in normal and amyloid tissues potentially aiding in cancer diagnosis and etiology. With the analytical capability of the spectroscopic technique X-ray fluorescence (XRF), this can be used to detect and quantify the presence of elements in amyloid characterization, two of the trace elements known to be associated with amyloid fibrils. In present work, involving samples from a total of 22 subjects, samples of normal and amyloid-containing tissues of heart, kidney, thyroid, and other tissue organs were obtained, analyzed via energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The elemental distribution of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), arsenic (As), and iron (Fe) was examined in both normal and amyloidogenic tissues using perpetual thin slices. In amyloidogenic tissues the levels of K, Ca, and Fe were found to be less than in corresponding normal tissues. Moreover, the presence of As was only observed in amyloidogenic samples; in a few cases in which there was an absence of As, amyloid samples were found to contain Fe. Analysis of arsenic in amyloid plaques has previously been difficult, often producing contradictory results. Using the present EDXRF facility we could distinguish between amyloidogenic and normal samples, with potential correlations in respect of the presence or concentration of specific elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Mohd Nor Ihsan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - L M Looi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P L Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Chiew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Sunway University, Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Jalan Universiti, 46150 PJ, Malaysia; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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5
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Ekanayake RSK, Streltsov VA, Best SP, Chantler CT. Using XAS to monitor radiation damage in real time and post-analysis, and investigation of systematic errors of fluorescence XAS for Cu-bound amyloid-β. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:125-139. [PMID: 38322727 PMCID: PMC10840304 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723010890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a promising technique for determining structural information from sensitive biological samples, but high-accuracy X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) requires corrections of systematic errors in experimental data. Low-temperature XAS and room-temperature X-ray absorption spectro-electrochemical (XAS-EC) measurements of N-truncated amyloid-β samples were collected and corrected for systematic effects such as dead time, detector efficiencies, monochromator glitches, self-absorption, radiation damage and noise at higher wavenumber (k). A new protocol was developed using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis for monitoring radiation damage in real time and post-analysis. The reliability of the structural determinations and consistency were validated using the XAS measurement experimental uncertainty. The correction of detector pixel efficiencies improved the fitting χ2 by 12%. An improvement of about 2.5% of the structural fitting was obtained after dead-time corrections. Normalization allowed the elimination of 90% of the monochromator glitches. The remaining glitches were manually removed. The dispersion of spectra due to self-absorption was corrected. Standard errors of experimental measurements were propagated from pointwise variance of the spectra after systematic corrections. Calculated uncertainties were used in structural refinements for obtaining precise and reliable values of structural parameters including atomic bond lengths and thermal parameters. This has permitted hypothesis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Posadas Y, Sánchez-López C, Quintanar L. Copper binding and protein aggregation: a journey from the brain to the human lens. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:974-985. [PMID: 38033729 PMCID: PMC10685798 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00145h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions have been implicated in several proteinopathies associated to degenerative and neurodegenerative diseases. While the molecular mechanisms for protein aggregation are still under investigation, recent findings from Cryo-EM point out to polymorphisms in aggregates obtained from patients, as compared to those formed in vitro, suggesting that several factors may impact aggregation in vivo. One of these factors could be the direct binding of metal ions to the proteins engaged in aggregate formation. In this opinion article, three case studies are discussed to address the question of how metal ion binding to a peptide or protein may impact its conformation, folding, and aggregation, and how this may be relevant in understanding the polymorphic nature of the aggregates related to disease. Specifically, the impact of Cu2+ ions in the amyloid aggregation of amyloid-β and amylin (or IAPP- islet amyloid polypeptide) are discussed and then contrasted to the case of Cu2+-induced non-amyloid aggregation of human lens γ-crystallin proteins. For the intrinsically disordered peptides amyloid-β and IAPP, the impact of Cu2+ ion binding is highly dependent on the relative location of the metal binding site and the hydrophobic regions involved in β-sheet folding and amyloid formation. Further structural studies of how Cu2+ binding impacts amyloid aggregation pathways and the molecular structure of the final amyloid fibril, both, in vitro and in vivo, will certainly shed light into the molecular origins of the polymorphisms observed in diseased tissue. Finally, contrasting these cases to that of Cu2+-induced non-amyloid aggregation of γ-crystallins, it is evident that, although the impact in aggregation - and the nature of the aggregate - may differ in each system, at the molecular level there is a competition between metal ion coordination and the stability of β-sheet structures. Considering the importance of the β-sheet fold in biology, it is fundamental to understand the energetics and molecular details behind such competition. This opinion article aims to highlight future research directions in the field that can help tackle the important question of how metal ion binding may impact protein folding and aggregation and how this relates to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanahi Posadas
- Center for Research in Aging, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) Mexico City 14330 Mexico
| | - Carolina Sánchez-López
- Center for Research in Aging, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) Mexico City 14330 Mexico
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- Center for Research in Aging, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) Mexico City 14330 Mexico
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) Mexico City 07350 Mexico
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7
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Oliveri V. Unveiling the Effects of Copper Ions in the Aggregation of Amyloidogenic Proteins. Molecules 2023; 28:6446. [PMID: 37764220 PMCID: PMC10537474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid diseases have become a global concern due to their increasing prevalence. Transition metals, including copper, can affect the aggregation of the pathological proteins involved in these diseases. Copper ions play vital roles in organisms, but the disruption of their homeostasis can negatively impact neuronal function and contribute to amyloid diseases with toxic protein aggregates, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cellular signaling, inflammation, and cell death. Gaining insight into the imbalance of copper ions and its impact on protein folding and aggregation is crucial for developing focused therapies. This review examines the influence of copper ions on significant amyloid proteins/peptides, offering a comprehensive overview of the current understanding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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8
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Falcone E, Nobili G, Okafor M, Proux O, Rossi G, Morante S, Faller P, Stellato F. Chasing the Elusive "In-Between" State of the Copper-Amyloid β Complex by X-ray Absorption through Partial Thermal Relaxation after Photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217791. [PMID: 36869617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The redox activity of Cu ions bound to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is implicated as a source of oxidative stress in the context of Alzheimer's disease. In order to explain the efficient redox cycling between CuII -Aβ (distorted square-pyramidal) and CuI -Aβ (digonal) resting states, the existence of a low-populated "in-between" state, prone to bind Cu in both oxidation states, has been postulated. Here, we exploited the partial X-ray induced photoreduction at 10 K, followed by a thermal relaxation at 200 K, to trap and characterize by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) a partially reduced Cu-Aβ1-16 species different from the resting states. Remarkably, the XAS spectrum is well-fitted by a previously proposed model of the "in-between" state, hence providing the first direct spectroscopic characterization of an intermediate state. The present approach could be used to explore and identify the catalytic intermediates of other relevant metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Germano Nobili
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Michael Okafor
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Proux
- Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble, UMS 832 CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Giancarlo Rossi
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
- Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Via Panisperna 89a, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Morante
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
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9
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Mohd Nor Ihsan NS, Abdul Sani SF, Looi LM, Cheah PL, Chiew SF, Pathmanathan D, Bradley DA. A review: Exploring the metabolic and structural characterisation of beta pleated amyloid fibril in human tissue using Raman spectrometry and SAXS. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00059-7. [PMID: 37307955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a deleterious condition caused by abnormal amyloid fibril build-up in living tissues. To date, 42 proteins that are linked to amyloid fibrils have been discovered. Amyloid fibril structure variation can affect the severity, progression rate, or clinical symptoms of amyloidosis. Since amyloid fibril build-up is the primary pathological basis for various neurodegenerative illnesses, characterization of these deadly proteins, particularly utilising optical techniques have been a focus. Spectroscopy techniques provide significant non-invasive platforms for the investigation of the structure and conformation of amyloid fibrils, offering a wide spectrum of analyses ranging from nanometric to micrometric size scales. Even though this area of study has been intensively explored, there still remain aspects of amyloid fibrillization that are not fully known, a matter hindering progress in treating and curing amyloidosis. This review aims to provide recent updates and comprehensive information on optical techniques for metabolic and proteomic characterization of β-pleated amyloid fibrils found in human tissue with thorough literature analysis of publications. Raman spectroscopy and SAXS are well established experimental methods for study of structural properties of biomaterials. With suitable models, they offer extended information for valid proteomic analysis under physiologically relevant conditions. This review points to evidence that despite limitations, these techniques are able to provide for the necessary output and proteomics indication in order to extrapolate the aetiology of amyloid fibrils for reliable diagnostic purposes. Our metabolic database may also contribute to elucidating the nature and function of the amyloid proteome in development and clearance of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Mohd Nor Ihsan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - L M Looi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P L Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Chiew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, 46150 PJ, Malaysia; Department of Physics, School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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10
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Khozeimeh Sarbisheh E, Summers KL, Salih AK, Cotelesage JJH, Zimmerling A, Pickering IJ, George GN, Price EW. Radiochemical, Computational, and Spectroscopic Evaluation of High-Denticity Desferrioxamine Derivatives DFO2 and DFO2p toward an Ideal Zirconium-89 Chelate Platform. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2637-2651. [PMID: 36716427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DFO) has long been considered the gold standard chelator for incorporating [89Zr]Zr4+ in radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. To improve the stability of DFO with zirconium-89 and to expand its coordination sphere to enable binding of large therapeutic radiometals, we have synthesized the highest denticity DFO derivatives to date: dodecadentate DFO2 and DFO2p. In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel DFO-based chelator, DFO2p, which is comprised of two DFO strands connected by an p-NO2-phenyl linker and therefore contains double the chelating moieties of DFO (potential coordination number up to 12 vs 6). The chelator DFO2p offers an optimized synthesis comprised of only a single reaction step and improves water solubility relative to DFO2, but the shorter linker reduces molecular flexibility. Both DFO2 and DFO2p, each with 6 potential hydroxamate ligands, are able to reach a more energetically favorable 8-coordinate environment for Zr(IV) than DFO. The zirconium(IV) coordination environment of these complexes were evaluated by a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and synchrotron spectroscopy (extended X-ray absorption fine structure), which suggest the inner-coordination sphere of zirconium(IV) to be comprised of the outermost four hydroxamate ligands. These results also confirm a single Zr(IV) in each chelator, and the hydroxide ligands which complete the coordination sphere of Zr(IV)-DFO are absent from Zr(IV)-DFO2 and Zr(IV)-DFO2p. Radiochemical stability studies with zirconium-89 revealed the order of real-world stability to be DFO2 > DFO2p ≫ DFO. The zirconium-89 complexes of these new high-denticity chelators were found to be far more stable than DFO, and the decreased molecular flexibility of DFO2p, relative to DFO2, could explain its decreased stability, relative to DFO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Khozeimeh Sarbisheh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Akam K Salih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Amanda Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
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11
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Summers KL, Roseman G, Schilling KM, Dolgova NV, Pushie MJ, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Harris HH, Millhauser GL, Pickering IJ, George GN. Alzheimer's Drug PBT2 Interacts with the Amyloid β 1-42 Peptide Differently than Other 8-Hydroxyquinoline Chelating Drugs. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14626-14640. [PMID: 36073854 PMCID: PMC9957665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first described over a century ago, it remains the leading cause of age-related dementia. Innumerable changes have been linked to the pathology of AD; however, there remains much discord regarding which might be the initial cause of the disease. The "amyloid cascade hypothesis" proposes that the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is central to disease pathology, which is supported by elevated Aβ levels in the brain before the development of symptoms and correlations of amyloid burden with cognitive impairment. The "metals hypothesis" proposes a role for metal ions such as iron, copper, and zinc in the pathology of AD, which is supported by the accumulation of these metals within amyloid plaques in the brain. Metals have been shown to induce aggregation of Aβ, and metal ion chelators have been shown to reverse this reaction in vitro. 8-Hydroxyquinoline-based chelators showed early promise as anti-Alzheimer's drugs. Both 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (CQ) and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline (PBT2) underwent unsuccessful clinical trials for the treatment of AD. To gain insight into the mechanism of action of 8HQs, we have investigated the potential interaction of CQ, PBT2, and 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (B2Q) with Cu(II)-bound Aβ(1-42) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), high energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAS, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). By XAS, we found CQ and B2Q sequestered ∼83% of the Cu(II) from Aβ(1-42), whereas PBT2 sequestered only ∼59% of the Cu(II) from Aβ(1-42), suggesting that CQ and B2Q have a higher relative Cu(II) affinity than PBT2. From our EPR, it became clear that PBT2 sequestered Cu(II) from a heterogeneous mixture of Cu(II)Aβ(1-42) species in solution, leaving a single Cu(II)Aβ(1-42) species. It follows that the Cu(II) site in this Cu(II)Aβ(1-42) species is inaccessible to PBT2 and may be less solvent-exposed than in other Cu(II)Aβ(1-42) species. We found no evidence to suggest that these 8HQs form ternary complexes with Cu(II)Aβ(1-42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Summers
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham Roseman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Kevin M. Schilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Natalia V. Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - M. Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn L. Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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12
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Redox-Active Metal Ions and Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147697. [PMID: 34299316 PMCID: PMC8307724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-active metal ions, Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III), are essential biological molecules for the normal functioning of the brain, including oxidative metabolism, synaptic plasticity, myelination, and generation of neurotransmitters. Dyshomeostasis of these redox-active metal ions in the brain could cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, regulating the levels of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III) is necessary for normal brain function. To control the amounts of metal ions in the brain and understand the involvement of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III) in the pathogenesis of AD, many chemical agents have been developed. In addition, since toxic aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) have been proposed as one of the major causes of the disease, the mechanism of clearing Aβ is also required to be investigated to reveal the etiology of AD clearly. Multiple metalloenzymes (e.g., neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, and ADAM10) have been reported to have an important role in the degradation of Aβ in the brain. These amyloid degrading enzymes (ADE) could interact with redox-active metal ions and affect the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we introduce and summarize the roles, distributions, and transportations of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III), along with previously invented chelators, and the structures and functions of ADE in the brain, as well as their interrelationships.
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13
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Cutsail GE, Ross MO, Rosenzweig AC, DeBeer S. Towards a unified understanding of the copper sites in particulate methane monooxygenase: an X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6194-6209. [PMID: 33996018 PMCID: PMC8098663 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00676b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic conversion of the greenhouse gas, methane, to a liquid fuel, methanol, is performed by methane monooxygenases (MMOs) under mild conditions. The copper stoichiometry of particulate MMO (pMMO) has been long debated, with a dicopper site previously proposed on the basis of a 2.51 Å Cu–Cu feature in extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data. However, recent crystallographic data and advanced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization support the presence of only mononuclear copper sites. To reconcile these data, we have collected high-energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) and partial fluorescence yield (PFY) EXAFS spectra of Methylococcus (M.) capsulatus (Bath) pMMO. Both methods reveal only monocopper sites. These data were compared to previously published pMMO PFY-EXAFS data from M. capsulatus (Bath) and Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z, supporting dicopper and monocopper sites, respectively. The FT-EXAFS feature previously attributed to a dicopper site can be reproduced by the inclusion of a metallic copper background signal. The exact position of this feature is dependent on the nature of the sample and the percentage of background contamination, indicating that visual inspection is not sufficient for identifying background metallic contributions. Additionally, an undamaged X-ray absorption spectrum was obtained, consistent with the copper oxidation-state speciation determined by EPR quantification. X-ray photodamage studies suggest that the previously observed Cu(i) XAS features are in part attributable to photodamage. This study illustrates the complex array of factors involved in EXAFS measurement and modeling of pMMO and more generally, dilute metalloproteins with multiple metal centers. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic analysis of particulate methane monooxygenase reveals only monocopper sites and investigates the possible origins of the previous observed dicopper signals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany .,University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 7 D-45151 Essen Germany
| | - Matthew O Ross
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL USA
| | - Amy C Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL USA
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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14
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Best SP, Streltsov VA, Chantler CT, Li W, Ash PA, Hayama S, Diaz-Moreno S. Redox state and photoreduction control using X-ray spectroelectrochemical techniques - advances in design and fabrication through additive engineering. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:472-479. [PMID: 33650559 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520016021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design and performance of an electrochemical cell and solution flow system optimized for the collection of X-ray absorption spectra from solutions of species sensitive to photodamage is described. A combination of 3D CAD and 3D printing techniques facilitates highly optimized design with low unit cost and short production time. Precise control of the solution flow is critical to both minimizing the volume of solution needed and minimizing the photodamage that occurs during data acquisition. The details of an integrated four-syringe stepper-motor-driven pump and associated software are described. It is shown that combined electrochemical and flow control can allow repeated measurement of a defined volume of solution, 100 µl, of samples sensitive to photoreduction without significant change to the X-ray absorption near-edge structure and is demonstrated by measurements of copper(II) complexes. The flow in situ electrochemical cell allows the collection of high-quality X-ray spectral measurements both in the near-edge region and over an extended energy region as is needed for structural analysis from solution samples. This approach provides control over photodamage at a level at least comparable with that achieved using cryogenic techniques and at the same time eliminates problems associated with interference due to Bragg peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Peter Best
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Victor A Streltsov
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Wangzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Ash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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15
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de Jesus JR, Arruda MAZ. Unravelling neurological disorders through metallomics-based approaches. Metallomics 2020; 12:1878-1896. [PMID: 33237082 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological process involving metals and biomolecules in the brain is essential for establishing the origin of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. From this perspective, this critical review presents recent advances in this topic, showing possible mechanisms involving the disruption of metal homeostasis and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. We also discuss the main challenges observed in metallomics studies associated with neurological disorders, including those related to sample preparation and analyte quantification.
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16
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Summers KL, Roseman GP, Sopasis GJ, Millhauser GL, Harris HH, Pickering IJ, George GN. Copper(II) Binding to PBT2 Differs from That of Other 8-Hydroxyquinoline Chelators: Implications for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Protein Misfolding Diseases. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17519-17534. [PMID: 33226796 PMCID: PMC7927943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PBT2 (5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline) is a small Cu(II)-binding drug that has been investigated in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, namely, Alzheimer's disease (AD). PBT2 is thought to be highly effective at crossing the blood-brain barrier and has been proposed to exert anti-Alzheimer's effects through the modulation of metal ion concentrations in the brain, specifically the sequestration of Cu(II) from amyloid plaques. However, despite promising initial results in animal models and in clinical trials where PBT2 was shown to improve cognitive function, larger-scale clinical trials did not find PBT2 to have a significant effect on the amyloid plaque burden compared with controls. We propose that the results of these clinical trials likely point to a more complex mechanism of action for PBT2 other than simple Cu(II) sequestration. To this end, herein we have investigated the solution chemistry of Cu(II) coordination by PBT2 primarily using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected XAS, and electron paramagnetic resonance. We propose that a novel bis-PBT2 Cu(II) complex with asymmetric coordination may coexist in solution with a symmetric four-coordinate Cu(II)-bis-PBT2 complex distorted from coplanarity. Additionally, PBT2 is a more flexible ligand than other 8HQs because it can act as both a bidentate and a tridentate ligand as well as coordinate Cu(II) in both 1:1 and 2:1 PBT2/Cu(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Summers
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham P Roseman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - George J Sopasis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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17
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Summers KL, Sarbisheh EK, Zimmerling A, Cotelesage JJH, Pickering IJ, George GN, Price EW. Structural Characterization of the Solution Chemistry of Zirconium(IV) Desferrioxamine: A Coordination Sphere Completed by Hydroxides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17443-17452. [PMID: 33183002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled, monoclonal antibodies has become an effective, noninvasive method for tumor detection and is a critical component of targeted radionuclide therapy. Metal ion chelator and bacterial siderophore desferrioxamine (DFO) is the gold standard compound for incorporation of zirconium-89 in radiotracers for PET imaging because it is thought to form a stable chelate with [89Zr]Zr4+. However, DFO may not bind zirconium-89 tightly in vivo, with free zirconium-89 reportedly liberated into the bones of experimental mouse models. Although high bone uptake has not been observed to date in humans, this potential instability has been proposed to be related to the unsaturated coordination sphere of [89Zr]Zr-DFO, which is thought to consist of the 3 hydroxamate groups of DFO and 1 or 2 water molecules. In this study, we have used a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimization calculations to further probe the coordination chemistry of this complex in solution. We find the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) curve fitting of an aqueous solution of Zr(IV)-DFO to be consistent with an 8-coordinate Zr with oxygen ligands. DFT calculations suggest that the most energetically favorable Zr(IV) coordination environment in DFO likely consists of the 3 hydroxamate ligands from DFO, each with bidentate coordination, and 2 hydroxide ligands. Further EXAFS curve fitting provides additional support for this model. Therefore, we propose that the coordination sphere of Zr(IV)-DFO is most likely completed by 2 hydroxide ligands rather than 2 water molecules, forming Zr(DFO)(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Summers
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Elaheh Khozeimeh Sarbisheh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Amanda Zimmerling
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9
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18
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Lei P, Ayton S, Bush AI. The essential elements of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100105. [PMID: 33219130 PMCID: PMC7948403 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) directed against the prominent amyloid plaque neuropathology are yet to be proved effective despite many phase 3 clinical trials. There are several other neurochemical abnormalities that occur in the AD brain that warrant renewed emphasis as potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Among those are the elementomic signatures of iron, copper, zinc, and selenium. Here, we review these essential elements of AD for their broad potential to contribute to Alzheimer’s pathophysiology, and we also highlight more recent attempts to translate these findings into therapeutics. A reinspection of large bodies of discovery in the AD field, such as this, may inspire new thinking about pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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20
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Wei SC, Wei W, Peng WJ, Liu Z, Cai ZY, Zhao B. Metabolic Alterations in the Outer Membrane Vesicles of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: An LC-MS/MS-based Metabolomics Analysis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1183-1195. [PMID: 31755388 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191121141352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the specific metabolomics profiles in the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and to explore potential metabolic biomarkers and their diagnostic roles. METHODS Nine AD patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled, and feces were collected. OMVs were extracted, purified, and then analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography (LC-MS/MS) method coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Remarkable differences were found between the OMVs from AD patients and those from healthy controls. A number of differential metabolites and several top-altered metabolic pathways were identified. The levels of aspartate, L-aspartate, imidazole-4-acetate and L-glutamate were confirmed to be highly upregulated in AD-OMVs. Other differential metabolites, such as arachidic acid, prostaglandin G2, and leukotriene B4, were also identified. Furthermore, the differential metabolites possessed higher areas under the ROC curve (AUCs). CONCLUSION Metabolic activity is significantly altered in the OMVs from AD patients. This data might be helpful for identifying novel biomarkers and their diagnostic roles in AD. Furthermore, OMVs metabolomics analysis combined with GWAS could enrich our understanding of the genetic spectrum of AD and lead to early predictions and diagnosis and clinical applications of better AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chao Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Health Department, Gaomi People's Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Gaomi, China
| | - Wan-Juan Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-You Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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21
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Summers KL, Pushie MJ, Sopasis GJ, James AK, Dolgova NV, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Harris HH, Pickering IJ, George GN. Solution Chemistry of Copper(II) Binding to Substituted 8-Hydroxyquinolines. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13858-13874. [PMID: 32936627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinolines (8HQs) are a family of lipophilic metal ion chelators that have been used in a range of analytical and pharmaceutical applications over the last 100 years. More recently, CQ (clioquinol; 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline) and PBT2 (5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline) have undergone clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Because CQ and PBT2 appear to redistribute metals into cells, these compounds have been redefined as copper and zinc ionophores. Despite the attention surrounding the clinical trials and the clear link between 8HQs and metals, the fundamental solution chemistry of how these compounds bind divalent metals such as copper and zinc, as well as their mechanism(s) of action in mammalian systems, remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), high-energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAS, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopies to investigate the aqueous solution chemistry of a range of 8HQ derivatives. To circumvent the known solubility issues with 8HQ compounds and their complexes with Cu(II), and to avoid the use of abiological organic solvents, we have devised a surfactant buffer system to investigate these Cu(II) complexes in aqueous solution. Our study comprises the first comprehensive investigation of the Cu(II) complexes formed with many 8HQs of interest in aqueous solution, and it provides the first structural information on some of these complexes. We find that halogen substitutions in 8HQ derivatives appear to have little effect on the Cu(II) coordination environment; 5,7-dihalogenated 8HQ conformers all have a pseudo square planar Cu(II) bound by two quinolin-8-olate anions, in agreement with previous studies. Conversely, substituents in the 2-position of the 8HQ moiety appear to cause significant distortions from the typical square-planar-like coordination of most Cu(II)-bis-8HQ complexes, such that the 8HQ moieties in the Cu(II)-bis-8HQ complex are rotated approximately 30-40° apart in a "propeller-like" arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Summers
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - M Jake Pushie
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - George J Sopasis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Ashley K James
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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22
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Maia MT, Sena DN, Calais GB, Luna FMT, Beppu MM, Vieira RS. Effects of histidine modification of chitosan microparticles on metal ion adsorption. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Crooks EJ, Irizarry BA, Ziliox M, Kawakami T, Victor T, Xu F, Hojo H, Chiu K, Simmerling C, Van Nostrand WE, Smith SO, Miller LM. Copper stabilizes antiparallel β-sheet fibrils of the amyloid β40 (Aβ40)-Iowa variant. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8914-8927. [PMID: 32376688 PMCID: PMC7335782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a vascular disorder that primarily involves deposition of the 40-residue-long β-amyloid peptide (Aβ40) in and along small blood vessels of the brain. CAA is often associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma enriched in the Aβ42 peptide. Several recent studies have suggested a structural origin that underlies the differences between the vascular amyloid deposits in CAA and the parenchymal plaques in AD. We previously have found that amyloid fibrils in vascular amyloid contain antiparallel β-sheet, whereas previous studies by other researchers have reported parallel β-sheet in fibrils from parenchymal amyloid. Using X-ray fluorescence microscopy, here we found that copper strongly co-localizes with vascular amyloid in human sporadic CAA and familial Iowa-type CAA brains compared with control brain blood vessels lacking amyloid deposits. We show that binding of Cu(II) ions to antiparallel fibrils can block the conversion of these fibrils to the more stable parallel, in-register conformation and enhances their ability to serve as templates for seeded growth. These results provide an explanation for how thermodynamically less stable antiparallel fibrils may form amyloid in or on cerebral vessels by using Cu(II) as a structural cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Crooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Brandon A Irizarry
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Martine Ziliox
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Toru Kawakami
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tiffany Victor
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kelley Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Simmerling
- Department of Chemistry, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Lisa M Miller
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA; Department of Chemistry, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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24
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Leary SC, Ralle M. Advances in visualization of copper in mammalian systems using X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 55:19-25. [PMID: 31911338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) has become an important imaging technique to investigate elemental concentrations and distributions in biological specimens. Advances in technology now permit imaging at resolutions rivaling that of electron microscopy, and researchers can now visualize elemental concentrations in subcellular organelles when using appropriate correlative methods. XFM is an especially valuable tool to determine the distribution of endogenous trace metals that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the latest research on the unusual copper (Cu) storage vesicles that were originally identified in mouse brains and the involvement of Cu in Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we provide an outlook of how future improvements to XFM will drive current trace element research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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25
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Hu H, Zhao J, Wang L, Shang L, Cui L, Gao Y, Li B, Li YF. Synchrotron-based techniques for studying the environmental health effects of heavy metals: Current status and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Kepp KP, Squitti R. Copper imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease: Convergence of the chemistry and the clinic. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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27
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Stellato F, Chiaraluce R, Consalvi V, De Santis E, La Penna G, Proux O, Rossi G, Morante S. Dealing with Cu reduction in X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments. Metallomics 2019; 11:1401-1410. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00110g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We prove in the exemplary case of the Cu(ii) amyloid-β peptide complex that, at cryogenic temperatures, the time needed for collecting a good quality spectrum is significantly shorter than the time after which structural damage becomes appreciable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Chiaraluce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza Universitá di Roma
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Valerio Consalvi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza Universitá di Roma
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | | | - Giovanni La Penna
- INFN
- Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
- CNR – Institute for Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds
| | - Olivier Proux
- Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble
- 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères (Grenoble)
- France
| | - Giancarlo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Universitá di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
- INFN
| | - Silvia Morante
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Universitá di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
- INFN
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