1
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Wang R, Feng X, Feng B, Chen Y. Boron-mediated one-pot access to salicylaldehydes via ortho-C-H hydroxylation of benzaldehydes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19922-19925. [PMID: 38903668 PMCID: PMC11187805 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel protocol has been devised for the ortho-C-H hydroxylation of benzaldehydes. Directed by a transient imine group, the borylation of benzaldehydes, sequentially followed by the hydroxylation, furnishes diverse salicylaldehydes in a one-pot manner. The resultant salicylaldehydes could be readily applied in the downstream synthesis to produce bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen) Nanjing 210014 China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen) Nanjing 210014 China
| | - Boya Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen) Nanjing 210014 China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen) Nanjing 210014 China
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2
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Reese PB. Remote functionalization reactions in steroids: discovery and application. Steroids 2024; 204:109362. [PMID: 38278283 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Research published between 2001 and 2022 on the functionalization of remote positions of steroids, as well as the use of this technique in the generation of biologically active compounds has been reviewed. In the first section of the analysis established and novel methods for activation of sites deemed to be remote were reported. A series of manganese- (mainly), rhodium-, ruthenium- and osmium-centered porphyrins as catalysts in the presence of PIDA as oxidant have effected hydroxylation at C-1, -5, -6, -7, -11, -14, -15, -16, -17, -20, -24 and -25. Dioxiranes have been utilized in inserting hydroxyl groups at the 5, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24 and 25 positions (tertiary centers for the most part). Alcohols at C-12 and -16 were oxidized further to ketones. The Schönecker oxidation, discovered and developed during the period, has revolutionized the selective functionalization at C-12 of steroids possessing a 17-keto group. In the presence of iron-centered PDP- and MCP-based catalysts, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, substrates tended to be hydroxylated at C-6 and -12, with further oxidation to ketones often accompanying this reaction. The hypohalite reaction, utilizing the more modern Suarez conditions (irradiation in the presence of iodine and PIDA), was reported to facilitate the insertion of a hydroxyl moiety five atoms away from an existing alcohol oxygen. Steroidal-3β-diazoacetates tend to decompose on heating with di-rhodium-centered catalysts while activating carbons four or five atoms away. Chromium- and iron-based acetates were observed to functionalize C-5 and -25. Other reactions involving ring cleavage and halogenation, ketone irradiation and α-hydroxylation of ethers were also covered. The syntheses of compounds with marked biological activity from readily available steroids is described in the second section of the study. Cyclopamine, cephalostatin-1, ritterazine B and three polyhydroxypregnanaes (pergularin, utendin and tomentogenin) were generated in sequences in which a key step required hydroxylation at C-12 using the Schönecker reaction. A crucial stage in the preparation of cortistatin A, the saundersioside core, eurysterol A, 5,6-dihydroglaucogenin C, as well as clinostatins A and B involved the functionalization of C-18 or -19 utilizing hypohalite chemistry. The synthetic route to xestobergsterol A, pavonin-4-aglycone and ouagabagenin included a transformation where ketone irradiation played a part in either producing a Δ14 or a C-19 activated steroid. The radical relay reaction, where a 17α-chloro-steroid was formed, was central in the generation of pythocholic acid. The lead tetraacetate reaction was pivotal in the functionalization of C-19 during the synthesis of cyclocitrinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Reese
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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3
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Zhang S, Goswami S, Schulz KHG, Gill K, Yin X, Hwang J, Wiese J, Jaffer I, Gil RR, Garcia-Bosch I. Regioselective Hydroxylation of Unsymmetrical Ketones Using Cu, H 2O 2, and Imine Directing Groups via Formation of an Electrophilic Cupric Hydroperoxide Core. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2622-2636. [PMID: 38324058 PMCID: PMC10877615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the regioselective functionalization of unsymmetrical ketones using imine directing groups, Cu, and H2O2. The C-H hydroxylation of the substrate-ligands derived from 2-substituted benzophenones occurred exclusively at the γ-position of the unsubstituted ring due to the formation of only one imine stereoisomer. Conversely, the imines derived from 4-substituted benzophenones produced E/Z mixtures that upon reacting with Cu and H2O2 led to two γ-C-H hydroxylation products. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the ratio of the hydroxylation products did not depend on the ratio of the E/Z isomers but on the electrophilicity of the reactive [LCuOOH]1+. A detailed mechanistic analysis suggests a fast isomerization of the imine substrate-ligand binding the CuOOH core before the rate-determining electrophilic aromatic hydroxylation. Varying the benzophenone substituents and/or introducing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the 4-position of pyridine of the directing group allowed for fine-tuning of the electrophilicity of the mononuclear [LCuOOH]1+ to reach remarkable regioselectivities (up to 91:9 favoring the hydroxylation of the electron-rich arene ring). Lastly, we performed the C-H hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ketones, and like in the unsymmetrical benzophenones, the regioselectivity of the transformations (sp3 vs sp2) could be controlled by varying the electronics of the substrate and/or the directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sunipa Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Karl H. G. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Karan Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jimin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jasmine Wiese
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Isabel Jaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Roberto R. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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4
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Singha A, Bhaduri K, Kothari AC, Chowdhury B. Selective hydroxylation of benzene to phenol via C H activation over mesoporous Fe2O3-TiO2 using H2O2. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Gamboa‐Ramirez S, Faure B, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Orio M. Computational Insights of Selective Intramolecular O-atom Transfer Mediated by Bioinspired Copper Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202206. [PMID: 36044615 PMCID: PMC9828472 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective copper-mediated hydroxylation of intramolecular C-H bonds from tridentate ligands is reinvestigated using DFT calculations. The computational study aims at deciphering the mechanism of C-H hydroxylation obtained after reaction of Cu(I) precursors with dioxygen, using ligands bearing either activated (L1 ) or non-activated (L2 ) C-H bonds. Configurational analysis allows rationalization of the experimentally observed regio- and stereoselectivity. The computed mechanism involves the formation of a side-on peroxide species (P) in equilibrium with the key intermediate bis-(μ-oxo) isomer (O) responsible for the C-H activation step. The P/O equilibrium yields the same activation barrier for the two complexes. However, the main difference between the two model complexes is observed during the C-H activation step, where the complex bearing the non-activated C-H bonds yields a higher energy barrier, accounting for the experimental lack of reactivity of this complex under those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Gamboa‐Ramirez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 731352 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen13013MarseilleFrance
| | - Bruno Faure
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 731352 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen13013MarseilleFrance
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 731352 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen13013MarseilleFrance
| | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 731352 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen13013MarseilleFrance
| | - Maylis Orio
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 731352 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen13013MarseilleFrance
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6
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Ma S, Li Z, Yu P, Shi H, Yang H, Yi J, Zhang Z, Duan X, Xie X, She X. Construction of the Skeleton of Lucidumone. Org Lett 2022; 24:5541-5545. [PMID: 35894551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton of lucidumone was constructed through oxidative dearomatization/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, Cu-mediated remote C-H hydroxylation, allyl oxidation, acid-promoted dynamic kinetic resolution cyclization, and benzylic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hesi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiuzhou Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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7
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Chen K, Zangiabadi M, Zhao Y. Oxidative Cleavage of Glycosidic Bonds by Synthetic Mimics of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases. Org Lett 2022; 24:3426-3430. [PMID: 35503979 PMCID: PMC10166272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) cleave polysaccharides through copper-bound oxyl radicals. We report a synthetic mimic of LPMO that uses micelle-stabilized hydrogen bonds to bind a glycan and two molecularly imprinted hydrophobic pockets to accommodate the alkyl tail of the glycoside and a copper cofactor, respectively. Cleavage of alkyl glycosides and oligosaccharides with hydrogen peroxide occurs at room temperature in aqueous solution, with selectivities for both the glycan and the alkyl aglycon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Milad Zangiabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
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8
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Theoretical perspective on mononuclear copper-oxygen mediated C–H and O–H activations: A comparison between biological and synthetic systems. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Trammell R, Cordova A, Zhang S, Goswami S, Murata R, Siegler MA, Garcia-Bosch I. Practical One-Pot Multistep Synthesis of 2H-1,3-Benzoxazines Using Copper, Hydrogen Peroxide and Triethylamine. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:4536-4540. [PMID: 34539234 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe simple one-pot syntheses of 2H-1,3-benzoxazines from ketones utilizing an imino-pyridine directing group (R1R2-C=N-CH2-Pyr), which promotes a Cu-directed sp2 hydroxylation using H2O2 as oxidant and followed by an oxidative intramolecular C-O bond formation upon addition of NEt3. This synthetic protocol is utilized in the gram scale synthesis of the 2H-1,3-benzoxazine derived from benzophenone. Mechanistic studies reveal that the cyclization occurs via deprotonation of the benzylic position of the directing group to produce a 2-azallyl anion intermediate, which is oxidized to the corresponding 2-azaallyl radical before the C-O bond formation event. Understanding of the cyclization mechanism also allowed us to develop reaction conditions that utilize catalytic amounts of Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Trammell
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Alexandra Cordova
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Sunipa Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Richel Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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10
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Cu-promoted intramolecular hydroxylation of CH bonds using directing groups with varying denticity. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111557. [PMID: 34352714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this research article, we describe the Cu-promoted intramolecular hydroxylation of sp2 and sp3 CH bonds using directing groups with varying denticity (bi-, tri- and tetradentate) and natural oxidants (O2 and H2O2). We found that bidentate directing groups, in combination with Cu and H2O2, led to high hydroxylation yields. On the other hand, tetradentate directing groups did not form the hydroxylation products. Our mechanistic investigations suggest that bidentate directing groups allow for generating reactive mononuclear copper(II) hydroperoxide intermediates while tetradentate systems form dinuclear Cu2O2 species that do not oxidize CH bonds. Our findings might shed light on the reaction mechanism(s) by which Cu-dependent metalloenzymes such as particulate methane monooxygenase or lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase oxidize strong CH bonds.
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11
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Stöhr F, Kulhanek N, Becker J, Göttlich R, Schindler S. Reactivity of Copper(I) Complexes Containing Ligands Derived from (1
S
,3
R
)‐Camphoric Acid with Dioxygen. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stöhr
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Niclas Kulhanek
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Richard Göttlich
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Siegfried Schindler
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
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12
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Specht P, Petrillo A, Becker J, Schindler S. Aerobic C−H Hydroxylation by Copper Imine Complexes: The Clip‐and‐Cleave Concept – Versatility and Limits. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Specht
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Alexander Petrillo
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Siegfried Schindler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
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13
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Jiang J, Yuan D, Ma C, Song W, Lin Y, Hu L, Zhang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Regiospecific peri- and ortho-C-H Oxygenations of Polyaromatic Rings Mediated by Tunable Directing Groups. Org Lett 2021; 23:279-284. [PMID: 33352055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient divergent approach of Pd-catalyzed C-H oxygenation of polyaromatic rings is described. Reversible directing groups enable regiospecific peri- and ortho-oxygenation to readily access a wide array of polyaromatic phenols without pre- and postmanipulation of directing groups. The systematic mechanistic investigation, including deuterium-labeling experiments, palladacycle trapping, and DFT calculations, reveals that the tunable ligand-assisted C-H bond cleavage played a crucial role during the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Congzhe Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wanbin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yaoyu Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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14
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Iqbal Z, Joshi A, Ranjan De S. Recent Advancements on Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed, Chelation‐Induced
ortho
‐Hydroxylation of Arenes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Asha Joshi
- National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Saroj Ranjan De
- National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand 246174 India
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15
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Yuan Y, Liang Y, Shi S, Liang Y, Jiao N. Efficient
Pd‐Catalyzed
C—H Oxidative Bromination of Arenes with Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Hydrobromic Acid
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yujie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Shihui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yu‐Feng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200062 China
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16
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Elwell CE, Mandal M, Bouchey CJ, Que L, Cramer CJ, Tolman WB. Carboxylate Structural Effects on the Properties and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactivity of [CuO 2CR] 2+ Cores. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15872-15879. [PMID: 31710477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of complexes {[NBu4][LCuII(O2CR)] (R = -C6F5, -C6H4(NO2), -C6H5, -C6H4(OMe), -CH3, and -C6H2(iPr)3)} were characterized (with the complex R = -C6H4(m-Cl) having been published elsewhere ( Mandal et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019 , 141 , 17236 )). All feature N,N',N″-coordination of the supporting L2- ligand, except for the complex with R = -C6H2(iPr)3, which exhibits N,N',O-coordination. For the N,N',N″-bound complexes, redox properties, UV-vis ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) features, and rates of hydrogen atom abstraction from 2,4,6,-tri-t-butylphenol using the oxidized, formally Cu(III) compounds LCuIII(O2CR) correlated well with the electron donating nature of R as measured both experimentally and computationally. Specifically, the greater the electron donation, the lower is the energy for LMCT and the slower is the reaction rate. The results are interpreted to support an oxidatively asynchronous proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism that is sensitive to the oxidative power of the [CuIII(O2CR)]2+ core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Elwell
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Mukunda Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Caitlin J Bouchey
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134 , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134 , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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Mandal M, Elwell CE, Bouchey CJ, Zerk TJ, Tolman WB, Cramer CJ. Mechanisms for Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction by Mononuclear Copper(III) Cores: Hydrogen-Atom Transfer or Concerted Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer? J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17236-17244. [PMID: 31617707 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a possibly biomimetic fashion, formally copper(III)-oxygen complexes LCu(III)-OH (1) and LCu(III)-OOCm (2) (L2- = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide, Cm = α,α-dimethylbenzyl) have been shown to activate X-H bonds (X = C, O). Herein, we demonstrate similar X-H bond activation by a formally Cu(III) complex supported by the same dicarboxamido ligand, LCu(III)-O2CAr1 (3, Ar1 = meta-chlorophenyl), and we compare its reactivity to that of 1 and 2. Kinetic measurements revealed a second order reaction with distinct differences in the rates: 1 reacts the fastest in the presence of O-H or C-H based substrates, followed by 3, which is followed by (unreactive) 2. The difference in reactivity is attributed to both a varying oxidizing ability of the studied complexes and to a variation in X-H bond functionalization mechanisms, which in these cases are characterized as either a hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) or a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (cPCET). Select theoretical tools have been employed to distinguish these two cases, both of which generally focus on whether the electron (e-) and proton (H+) travel "together" as a true H atom, (HAT), or whether the H+ and e- are transferred in concert, but travel between different donor/acceptor centers (cPCET). In this work, we reveal that both mechanisms are active for X-H bond activation by 1-3, with interesting variations as a function of substrate and copper functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukunda Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Chemical Theory Center, and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Courtney E Elwell
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Chemical Theory Center, and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Caitlin J Bouchey
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Chemical Theory Center, and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134 , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Timothy J Zerk
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134 , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134 , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Chemical Theory Center, and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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