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Han WK, Li J, Zhu RM, Wei M, Xia SK, Fu JX, Zhang J, Pang H, Li MD, Gu ZG. Photosensitizing metal covalent organic framework with fast charge transfer dynamics for efficient CO 2 photoreduction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8422-8429. [PMID: 38846403 PMCID: PMC11151834 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing artificial photocatalysts for CO2 reduction is challenging, mainly due to the intrinsic difficulty of making multiple functional units cooperate efficiently. Herein, three-dimensional metal covalent organic frameworks (3D MCOFs) were employed as an innovative platform to integrate a strong Ru(ii) light-harvesting unit, an active Re(i) catalytic center, and an efficient charge separation configuration for photocatalysis. The photosensitive moiety was precisely stabilized into the covalent skeleton by using a rational-designed Ru(ii) complex as one of the building units, while the Re(i) center was linked via a shared bridging ligand with an Ru(ii) center, opening an effective pathway for their electronic interaction. Remarkably, the as-synthesized MCOF exhibited impressive CO2 photoreduction activity with a CO generation rate as high as 1840 μmol g-1 h-1 and 97.7% selectivity. The femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations uncovered the fast charge-transfer dynamics occurring between the photoactive and catalytic centers, providing a comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism. This work offers in-depth insight into the design of MCOF-based photocatalysts for solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Ruo-Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Shu-Kun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jia-Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Zhi-Guo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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Kamogawa K, Kato Y, Tamaki Y, Noguchi T, Nozaki K, Nakagawa T, Ishitani O. Overall reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction on a Re(i)-complex catalyst unit of a Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2074-2088. [PMID: 38332814 PMCID: PMC10848666 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhenium(i) complexes fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(L)]n+ are mostly used and evaluated as photocatalysts and catalysts in both photochemical and electrochemical systems for CO2 reduction. However, the selective reduction mechanism of CO2 to CO is unclear, although numerous mechanistic studies have been reported. A Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst with fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3{OC(O)OCH2CH2NR2}] (R = C2H4OH) as a catalyst unit (RuC2Re) exhibits very high efficiency, selectivity, and durability of CO formation in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. In this work, the reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using RuC2Re is fully clarified. Time-resolved IR (TR-IR) measurements using rapid-scan FT-IR spectroscopy with laser flash photolysis verify the formation of RuC2Re(COOH) with a carboxylic acid unit, i.e., fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(COOH)], in the photocatalytic reaction solution. Additionally, this important intermediate is detected in an actual photocatalytic reaction using steady state irradiation. Kinetics analysis of the TR-IR spectra and DFT calculations demonstrated the reaction mechanism of the conversion of the one-electron reduced species of RuC2Re with a fac-[ReI(diimine˙-)(CO)3{OC(O)OCH2CH2NR2}]- unit, which was produced via the photochemical reduction of RuC2Re by 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH), to RuC2Re(COOH). The kinetics of the recovery processes of the starting complex RuC2Re from RuC2Re(COOH) accompanying the release of CO and OH- was also clarified. As a side reaction of RuC2Re(COOH), a long-lived carboxylate-ester complex with a fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(COOC2H4NR2)] unit, which was produced by the nucleophilic attack of TEOA to one of the carbonyl ligands of RuC2Re(CO) with a fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)4]+ unit, was formed during the photocatalytic reaction. This complex works not only as a precursor in another minor CO formation process but also as an external photosensitiser that photochemically reduces the other complexes i.e., RuC2Re, RuC2Re(COOH), and the intermediate that is reductively converted to RuC2Re(COOH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kamogawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Koichi Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduated School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190, Gofuku, Toya-ma-shi Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- UNISOKU Co., Ltd 2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata Osaka 573-0131 Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739 8526 Japan
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3
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Zhang K, Wang J, Zhang W, Xiao D, Yin H, Lu Z, Fan M, Fan W, Zhang Y, Zhang P. Adjusted Preferential Adsorption of Intermediates via Regulation of the Electronic Structure during the Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Process. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:34-42. [PMID: 38127717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The surface electronic structures of catalysts play a crucial role in CO2 adsorption and activation. Here, sulfur vacancies are introduced into CuInS2 nanosheets (Vs-CuInS2) to evaluate the effect of electronic structures at the surface-active sites on the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Vs-CuInS2 exhibits a significant disparity in the highest FEformate/FECO (6.50) compared to that of CuInS2 (1.86). Specifically, the maximum current density (Jmax) of carbon products on Vs-CuInS2 is 78.78 mA cm-2, and a Faraday efficiency of carbon products (FEcarbon products) of ≥80% is achieved in 600 mV wide potential windows. In situ Raman measurements and density functional theory calculations elucidate the origin of the apparent alterations in the carbon product selectivity. The introduction of sulfur vacancies realizes the controllable regulation of the local electronic density around the metal active sites, inducing the transformation of *COOH and *OCHO from competitive adsorption on CuInS2 to specific adsorption on Vs-CuInS2. In addition, the regulation of electronic structures on Vs-CuInS2 inhibits *H adsorption. This work reveals the transfer of adsorption of CO2RR intermediates via regulation of the electronic structure, complementing the understanding of the mechanism for the enhanced CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Weining Zhang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongfei Yin
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Weiliu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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4
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Saito D, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalysis of CO 2 Reduction by a Ru(II)–Ru(II) Supramolecular Catalyst Adsorbed on Al 2O 3. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739 8526, Japan
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Maier AS, Thomas C, Kränzlein M, Pehl TM, Rieger B. Macromolecular Rhenium–Ruthenium Complexes for Photocatalytic CO 2 Conversion: From Catalytic Lewis Pair Polymerization to Well-Defined Poly(vinyl bipyridine)–Metal Complexes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton S. Maier
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christopher Thomas
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Pehl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Yamazaki Y, Miyaji M, Ishitani O. Utilization of Low-Concentration CO 2 with Molecular Catalysts Assisted by CO 2-Capturing Ability of Catalysts, Additives, or Reaction Media. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6640-6660. [PMID: 35404601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 is a worldwide concern and continues to trigger various environmental problems. Photo- or electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2-Red) using solar energy, i.e., artificial photosynthesis, is a prospective technique owing to its sustainability and the usefulness of the reaction products. Concentrations of CO2 in exhaust gases from industries are several % to 20%, and that in the atmosphere is about 400 ppm. Although condensation processes of CO2 require high energy consumption and cost, pure CO2 has been used in most of the reported studies for photo- and electrocatalytic CO2-Red because the reaction between CO2 and the catalyst could be one of the rate-limiting steps. To address these issues and provide a repository of potential techniques for other researchers, this perspective summarizes the catalytic systems reported for the reduction of low-concentration CO2, which utilize a combination of catalytic CO2-Red and CO2-capturing reactions (or CO2 adsorption). First, we describe CO2 insertions into M-X bonds of the catalysts, which increase the rate constants and/or equilibrium constants for CO2 binding on the catalysts, and modifications of the second coordination sphere to stabilize the CO2-bound catalysts. Furthermore, we discuss the reaction media used for catalytic CO2-Red that have the unique effect of increasing CO2 concentrations around the catalysts. These reaction media include typical CO2-capturing additives, ionic liquids, and metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miyaji
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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Kumagai H, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalytic Systems for CO 2 Reduction: Metal-Complex Photocatalysts and Their Hybrids with Photofunctional Solid Materials. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:978-990. [PMID: 35255207 PMCID: PMC8988296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a critical objective
in the field of artificial photosynthesis because it can potentially
make a total solution for global warming and shortage of energy and
carbon resources. We have successfully developed various highly efficient,
stable, and selective photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction
using transition metal complexes as both photosensitizers and catalysts.
The molecular architectures for constructing selective and efficient
photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction are discussed
herein. As a typical example, a mixed system of a ring-shaped Re(I)
trinuclear complex as a photosensitizer and fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3{OC2H4N(C2H4OH)2}] as a catalyst selectively photocatalyzed CO2 reduction to CO with the highest quantum yield of 82% and a turnover
number (TON) of over 600. Not only rare and noble metals but also
earth abundant ones, such as Mn(I), Cu(I), and Fe(II) can be used
as central metal cations. In the case using a Cu(I) dinuclear complex
as a photosensitizer and fac-Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br as a catalyst, the total formation quantum yield of CO and HCOOH
from CO2 was 57% and TONCO+HCOOH exceeded 1300. Efficient supramolecular photocatalysts for CO2 reduction,
in which photosensitizer and catalyst units are connected through
a bridging ligand, were developed for removing a diffusion control
on collisions between a photosensitizer and a catalyst. Supramolecular
photocatalysts, in which [Ru(N∧N)3]2+-type photosensitizer and Re(I) or Ru(II) catalyst units
are connected to each other with an alkyl chain, efficiently and selectively
photocatalyzed CO2 reduction in solutions. Mechanistic
studies using time-resolved IR and electrochemical measurements provided
molecular architecture for constructing efficient supramolecular photocatalysts.
A Ru(II)–Re(I) supramolecular photocatalyst constructed according
to this molecular architecture efficiently photocatalyzed CO2 reduction even when it was fixed on solid materials. Harnessing
this property of the supramolecular photocatalysts, two types of hybrid
photocatalytic systems were developed, namely, photocatalysts with
light-harvesting capabilities and photoelectrochemical systems for
CO2 reduction. Introduction of light-harvesting capabilities
into molecular photocatalytic
systems should be important because the intensity of solar light shone
on the earth’s surface is relatively low. Periodic mesoporous
organosilica, in which methyl acridone groups are embedded in the
silica framework as light harvesters, was combined with a Ru(II)–Re(I)
supramolecular photocatalyst with phosphonic acid anchoring groups.
In this hybrid, the photons absorbed by approximately 40 methyl acridone
groups were transferred to one Ru(II) photosensitizer unit, and then,
the photocatalytic CO2 reduction commenced. To use
water as an abundant electron donor, we developed hybrid
photocatalytic systems combining metal-complex photocatalysts with
semiconductor photocatalysts that display high photooxidation powers,
in which two photons are sequentially absorbed by the metal-complex
photosensitizer and the semiconductor, resulting in both high oxidation
and reduction power. Various types of dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes
comprising the p-type semiconductor electrodes and the supramolecular
photocatalysts were developed. Full photoelectrochemical cells combining
these dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes and n-type semiconductor
photoanodes achieved CO2 reduction using only visible light
as the energy source and water as the reductant. Drastic improvement
of dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes is reported. The results
presented in this Account clearly indicate that we
can construct very efficient, selective, and durable photocatalytic
systems constructed with the metal-complex photosensitizers and catalysts.
The supramolecular-photocatalyst architecture in which the photosensitizer
and the catalyst are connected to each other is useful especially
on the surface of solid owing to rapid electron transfer from the
photosensitizer to the catalyst. On basis of these findings, we successfully
constructed hybrid systems of the supramolecular photocatalysts with
photoactive solid materials. These hybridizations can add new functions
to the metal-complex photocatalytic systems, such as water oxidation
and light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Cerpentier FJR, Karlsson J, Lalrempuia R, Brandon MP, Sazanovich IV, Greetham GM, Gibson EA, Pryce MT. Ruthenium Assemblies for CO 2 Reduction and H 2 Generation: Time Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroelectrochemistry and a Photocatalysis Study in Solution and on NiO. Front Chem 2022; 9:795877. [PMID: 35004612 PMCID: PMC8738169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.795877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel supramolecular complexes RuRe ([Ru(dceb)2(bpt)Re(CO)3Cl](PF6)) and RuPt ([Ru(dceb)2(bpt)PtI(H2O)](PF6)2) [dceb = diethyl(2,2′-bipyridine)-4,4′-dicarboxylate, bpt = 3,5-di(pyridine-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazolate] were synthesized as new catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction and H2 evolution, respectively. The influence of the catalytic metal for successful catalysis in solution and on a NiO semiconductor was examined. IR-active handles in the form of carbonyl groups on the peripheral ligand on the photosensitiser were used to study the excited states populated, as well as the one-electron reduced intermediate species using infrared and UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry, and time resolved infrared spectroscopy. Inclusion of ethyl-ester moieties led to a reduction in the LUMO energies on the peripheral bipyridine ligand, resulting in localization of the 3MLCT excited state on these peripheral ligands following excitation. RuPt generated hydrogen in solution and when immobilized on NiO in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. RuRe was inactive as a CO2 reduction catalyst in solution, and produced only trace amounts of CO when the photocatalyst was immobilized on NiO in a PEC cell saturated with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Karlsson
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Yu YH, Huang SL, Yang GY. [Ru(NꓥNꓥN)2-Ce]-based Framework for Photocatalytic Sulfide Oxidation and Hydrogen Production. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using photosensitized Ru(NꓥNꓥN)2-metalloligand, a series of Ce-frameworks were synthesized. The incorporation of visible-light-responsive Ru(NꓥNꓥN)2-unit endows the Ce-frameworks with photocatalytic activities in both sulfide oxidation and hydrogen production. The doping of...
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Scalambra F, Díaz-Ortega IF, Romerosa-Nievas AM. Photo-generation of H2 by Heterometallic Complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14022-14031. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01870e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple and different metals in a complex can accomplish single and sequential multi-step reactions, providing valuable procedures to obtain chemicals in one-pot synthetic routes. Biology has shown how cooperative catalysis...
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11
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Koenig JDB, Piers WE, Welch GC. Promoting photocatalytic CO2 reduction through facile electronic modification of N-annulated perylene diimide rhenium bipyridine dyads. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1049-1059. [PMID: 35211271 PMCID: PMC8790914 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of CO2 conversion catalysts has become paramount in the effort to close the carbon loop. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance for a series of N-annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) tethered Re(bpy) supramolecular dyads [Re(bpy-C2-NPDI-R)], where R = –H, –Br, –CN, –NO2, –OPh, –NH2, or pyrrolidine (–NR2). The optoelectronic properties of these Re(bpy-C2-NPDI-R) dyads were heavily influenced by the nature of the R-group, resulting in significant differences in photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. Although some R-groups (i.e. –Br and –OPh) did not influence the performance of CO2 photocatalysis (relative to –H; TONco ∼60), the use of an electron-withdrawing –CN was found to completely deactivate the catalyst (TONco < 1) while the use of an electron-donating –NH2 improved CO2 photocatalysis four-fold (TONco = 234). Despite being the strongest EWG, the –NO2 derivative exhibited good photocatalytic CO2 reduction abilities (TONco = 137). Using a combination of CV and UV-vis-nIR SEC, it was elucidated that the –NO2 derivative undergoes an in situ transformation to –NH2 under reducing conditions, thereby generating a more active catalyst that would account for the unexpected activity. A photocatalytic CO2 mechanism was proposed for these Re(bpy-C2-NPDI-R) dyads (based on molecular orbital descriptions), where it is rationalized that the photoexcitation pathway, as well as the electronic driving-force for NPDI2− to Re(bpy) electron-transfer both significantly influence photocatalytic CO2 reduction. These results help provide rational design principles for the future development of related supramolecular dyads. Seven N-annulated perylene diimide tethered rhenium (2,2′-bipyridine) supramolecular dyads are evaluated as photocatalysts for the reduction for carbon dioxide, highlighting the importance of photoexcitation pathway and electronic driving-force.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D. B. Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Pirzada BM, Dar AH, Shaikh MN, Qurashi A. Reticular-Chemistry-Inspired Supramolecule Design as a Tool to Achieve Efficient Photocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29291-29324. [PMID: 34778605 PMCID: PMC8581999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into C1 products is one of the most trending research subjects of current times as sustainable energy generation is the utmost need of the hour. In this review, we have tried to comprehensively summarize the potential of supramolecule-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction into C1 compounds. At the outset, we have thrown light on the inert nature of gaseous CO2 and the various challenges researchers are facing in its reduction. The evolution of photocatalysts used for CO2 reduction, from heterogeneous catalysis to supramolecule-based molecular catalysis, and subsequent semiconductor-supramolecule hybrid catalysis has been thoroughly discussed. Since CO2 is thermodynamically a very stable molecule, a huge reduction potential is required to undergo its one- or multielectron reduction. For this reason, various supramolecule photocatalysts were designed involving a photosensitizer unit and a catalyst unit connected by a linker. Later on, solid semiconductor support was also introduced in this supramolecule system to achieve enhanced durability, structural compactness, enhanced charge mobility, and extra overpotential for CO2 reduction. Reticular chemistry is seen to play a pivotal role as it allows bringing all of the positive features together from various components of this hybrid semiconductor-supramolecule photocatalyst system. Thus, here in this review, we have discussed the selection and role of various components, viz. the photosensitizer component, the catalyst component, the linker, the semiconductor support, the anchoring ligands, and the peripheral ligands for the design of highly performing CO2 reduction photocatalysts. The selection and role of various sacrificial electron donors have also been highlighted. This review is aimed to help researchers reach an understanding that may translate into the development of excellent CO2 reduction photocatalysts that are operational under visible light and possess superior activity, efficiency, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Masood Pirzada
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology (KU), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emiratus
- ,
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute
of NanoScience and Technology (INST), Mohali 160062, India
| | - M. Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology (KU), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emiratus
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13
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Koenig JDB, Dubrawski ZS, Rao KR, Willkomm J, Gelfand BS, Risko C, Piers WE, Welch GC. Lowering Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Overpotential Using N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Rhenium Bipyridine Dyads with Variable Tether Length. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16849-16864. [PMID: 34597040 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of four N-annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) functionalized rhenium bipyridine [Re(bpy)] supramolecular dyads. The Re(bpy) scaffold was connected to the NPDI chromophore either directly [Re(py-C0-NPDI)] or via an ethyl [Re(bpy-C2-NPDI)], butyl [Re(bpy-C4-NPDI)], or hexyl [Re(bpy-C6-NPDI)] alkyl-chain spacer. Upon electrochemical reduction in the presence of CO2 and a proton source, Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI) all exhibited significant current enhancement effects, while Re(py-C0-NPDI) did not. During controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) experiments at Eappl = -1.8 V vs Fc+/0, Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI) all achieved comparable activity (TONco ∼ 25) and Faradaic efficiency (FEco ∼ 94%). Under identical CPE conditions, the standard catalyst Re(dmbpy) was inactive for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction; only at Eappl = -2.1 V vs Fc+/0 could Re(dmbpy) achieve the same catalytic performance, representing a 300 mV lowering in overpotential for Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI). At higher overpotentials, Re(bpy-C4/6-NPDI) both outperformed Re(bpy-C2-NPDI), indicating the possibility of coinciding electrocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanisms that are dictated by tether-length and overpotential. Using UV-vis-nearIR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), FTIR SEC, and chemical reduction experiments, it was shown that the NPDI-moiety served as an electron-reservoir for Re(bpy), thereby allowing catalytic activity at lower overpotentials. Density functional theory studies probing the optimized geometries and frontier molecular orbitals of various catalytic intermediates revealed that the geometric configuration of NPDI relative to the Re(bpy)-moiety plays a critical role in accessing electrons from the electron-reservoir. The improved performance of Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI)dyads at lower overpotentials, relative to Re(dmbpy), highlights the utility of chromophore electron-reservoirs as a method for lowering the overpotential for CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D B Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Keerthan R Rao
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Janina Willkomm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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14
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Garcia Osorio DA, Neri G, Cowan AJ. Hybrid Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Interfaces for Charge Separation and Selective Catalysis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Alicia Garcia Osorio
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
| | - Gaia Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
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15
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16
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Kamogawa K, Shimoda Y, Miyata K, Onda K, Yamazaki Y, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Mechanistic study of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction using a Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9682-9693. [PMID: 34349939 PMCID: PMC8294001 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular photocatalysts comprising [Ru(diimine)3]2+ photosensitiser and fac-[Re(diimine)(CO)3{OC(O)OC2H4NR2}] catalyst units can be used to reduce CO2 to CO with high selectivity, durability and efficiency. In the presence of triethanolamine, the Re catalyst unit efficiently takes up CO2 to form a carbonate ester complex, and then direct photocatalytic reduction of a low concentration of CO2, e.g., 10% CO2, can be achieved using this type of supramolecular photocatalyst. In this work, the mechanism of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 was investigated applying such a supramolecular photocatalyst, RuC2Re with a carbonate ester ligand, using time-resolved visible and infrared spectroscopies and electrochemical methods. Using time-resolved spectroscopic measurements, the kinetics of the photochemical formation processes of the one-electron-reduced species RuC2(Re)−, which is an essential intermediate in the photocatalytic reaction, were clarified in detail and its electronic structure was elucidated. These studies also showed that RuC2(Re)− is stable for 10 ms in the reaction solution. Cyclic voltammograms measured at various scan rates besides temperature and kinetic analyses of RuC2(Re)− produced by steady-state irradiation indicated that the subsequent reaction of RuC2(Re)− proceeds with an observed first-order rate constant of approximately 1.8 s−1 at 298 K and is a unimolecular reaction, independent of the concentrations of both CO2 and RuC2(Re)−. Formation processes and reactivity of an important intermediate of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, one-electron reduced species of a Ru(ii)–Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst with a carbonate ester ligand, were investigated in detail.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kamogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama 2-12-1, NE1, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuushi Shimoda
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama 2-12-1, NE1, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama 2-12-1, NE1, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama 2-12-1, NE1, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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17
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Sasaki K, Yoshino H, Shimoda Y, Saigo M, Miyata K, Onda K, Sugimoto K, Yamate H, Miura H, Le Ouay B, Ohtani R, Ohba M. Guest-Tunable Excited States in a Cyanide-Bridged Luminescent Coordination Polymer. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6140-6146. [PMID: 33853327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state energy was tuned successfully by guest molecules in a cyanide-bridged luminescent coordination polymer (CP). Methanol or ethanol vapor reversibly and significantly changed the luminescent color of the CP between green and yellow (Δλem = 32 nm). These vapors did not significantly affect the environment around the luminophore in the ground state of the CP, whereas they modulated the excited states for the resulting bathochromic shift. The time-resolved photoluminescent spectra of the CP systems showed that solvent adsorption enhanced the energetic relaxation in the excited states. Furthermore, time-resolved infrared spectroscopy indicated that cyanide bridging in the CP became more flexible in the excited states than that in the ground state, highlighting the sensitivity of the excited states to external stimuli, such as the guest vapor. Overall, guest-tunable excited states will allow the more straightforward design of sensing materials by characterizing the transient excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Haruka Yoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuushi Shimoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaki Saigo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamate
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Benjamin Le Ouay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ohba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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18
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Chen KH, Wang N, Yang ZW, Xia SM, He LN. Tuning of Ionic Second Coordination Sphere in Evolved Rhenium Catalyst for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6284-6289. [PMID: 32311230 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing an efficient and easy-to-handle strategy in designing catalysts for CO2 reduction into CO by harnessing sunlight is a promising project. Here, a facile strategy was developed to design a Re catalyst modified with an ionic secondary coordination sphere for photoreduction of CO2 to CO by visible light. By adding ionic liquids or tuning a different ionic secondary coordination sphere, it was discovered that an outstanding optical property, other than CO2 absorption ability or the ability to dissociation of chloride anion, is the prerequisite for catalyst design. Accordingly, a novel Re catalyst, {Re[BpyMe(tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine)](CO)3 Cl}Br (Re-THEA), was designed, screened, and resulted in a relative high quantum yield (up to 34 %) for visible-light-induced CO2 reduction with a single-molecule system. DFT calculations, combined with experimental outcomes, suggested the pendant ionic tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amino (THEA) group on Re-THEA can enhance visible-light absorption, stabilize reaction intermediates, and suppress the Re-Re dimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Mei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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19
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Jo JH, Choi S, Cheong H, Shin JY, Kim CH, Cho DW, Son H, Pac C, Kang SO. Ancillary Ligand Effects on Heteroleptic Ir
III
Dye in Dye‐Sensitized Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction: Photoaccumulation of Charges on Arylated Bipyridine Ligand and Its Control on Catalytic Performance. Chemistry 2020; 26:16733-16754. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyoung Jo
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Sunghan Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Ha‐Yeon Cheong
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Shin
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Ho‐Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Chyongjin Pac
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Korea University Sejong 30019 South Korea
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20
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Saito D, Yamazaki Y, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalysis of a Dinuclear Ru(II)-Re(I) Complex for CO 2 Reduction on a Solid Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19249-19258. [PMID: 33121248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of CO2-reduction photocatalysts is one of the main targets in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Recently, numerous hybrid systems in which supramolecular photocatalysts comprised of a photosensitizer and catalytic-metal-complex units are immobilized on inorganic solid materials, such as semiconductors or mesoporous organosilica, have been reported as CO2-reduction photocatalysts for various functions, including water oxidation and light harvesting. In the present study, we investigated the photocatalytic properties of supramolecular photocatalysts comprised of a Ru(II)-complex photosensitizer and a Re(I)-complex catalyst fixed on the surface of insulating Al2O3 particles: the distance among the supramolecular photocatalyst molecules should be fixed. Visible-light irradiation of the photocatalyst in the presence of an electron donor under a CO2 atmosphere produced CO selectively. Although CO formation was also observed for a 1:1 mixture of mononuclear Ru(II) and Re(I) complexes attached to an Al2O3 surface, the photocatalytic activity was much lower. The activity of the Al2O3-supported photocatalyst was strongly dependent on the adsorption density of the supramolecular moiety, where the initial rate of photocatalytic CO formation was faster at lower density and higher photocatalyst durability was achieved at higher density. One of the main reasons for the former phenomenon is the decreased quenching fraction of the excited state of the photosensitizer unit by the reductant dissolved in the solution phase in the case of higher density. This is due to the self-quenching of the excited photosensitizer unit and steric hindrance between the condensed supramolecular photocatalyst molecules attached to the surface. The higher durability of the more condensed system is caused by intermolecular electron transfer between reduced supramolecular photocatalyst molecules, which accelerates the formation of CO in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Coadsorption of a Ru(II) mononuclear complex as a redox photosensitizer could drastically reinforce the photocatalysis of the supramolecular photocatalyst on the surface of the Al2O3 particles: more than 10 times higher turnover number and about 3.4 times higher turnover frequency of CO formation. These investigations provide new architectures for the construction of efficient and durable hybrid photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction, which are composed of metal-complex photocatalysts and solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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21
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Wang D, Pernik I, Keaveney ST, Messerle BA. Understanding the Synergistic Effects Observed When Using Tethered Dual Catalysts for Heat and Light Activated Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW, 2019 Australia
| | - Indrek Pernik
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW, 2019 Australia
- Current Address: School of Chemistry University of Sydney Sydney NSW, 2006 Australia
| | - Sinead T. Keaveney
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW, 2019 Australia
| | - Barbara A. Messerle
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW, 2019 Australia
- Current Address: School of Chemistry University of Sydney Sydney NSW, 2006 Australia
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22
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Gracia L, Luci L, Bruschi C, Sambri L, Weis P, Fuhr O, Bizzarri C. New Photosensitizers Based on Heteroleptic Cu I Complexes and CO 2 Photocatalytic Reduction with [Ni II (cyclam)]Cl 2. Chemistry 2020; 26:9929-9937. [PMID: 32672408 PMCID: PMC7497214 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Earth-abundant metal complexes have been attracting increasing attention in the field of photo(redox)catalysis. In this work, the synthesis and full characterisation of four new heteroleptic CuI complexes are reported, which can work as photosensitizers. The complexes bear a bulky diphosphine (DPEPhos=bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether) and a diimine chelating ligand based on 1-benzyl-4-(quinol-2'yl)-1,2,3-triazole. Their absorption has a relative maximum in the visible-light region, up to 450 nm. Thus, their use in photocatalytic systems for the reduction of CO2 with blue light in combination with the known catalyst [NiII (cyclam)]Cl2 was tested. This system produced CO as the main product through visible light (λ=420 nm) with a TON up to 8 after 4 hours. This value is in line with other photocatalytic systems using the same catalyst. Nevertheless, this system is entirely noble-metal free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa‐Lou Gracia
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
| | - Luisa Luci
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Cecilia Bruschi
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 476137KarlsruheGermany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)“Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann von Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
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23
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Manbeck GF, Polyansky DE, Fujita E. Comprehensive Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by [Ir(bip)(ppy)(CH3CN)](PF6)2. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F. Manbeck
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E. Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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24
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Cancelliere AM, Puntoriero F, Serroni S, Campagna S, Tamaki Y, Saito D, Ishitani O. Efficient trinuclear Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction based on a new tris-chelating bridging ligand built around a central aromatic ring. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1556-1563. [PMID: 32206277 PMCID: PMC7069366 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a new tris-chelating polypyridine ligand (bpy3Ph) suitable to be used as a bridging ligand (BL) for constructing various supramolecular photocatalysts.
We have designed and synthesized a new tris-chelating polypyridine ligand (bpy3Ph) suitable to be used as a bridging ligand (BL) for constructing various supramolecular photocatalysts. This BL is a phenylene ring with three ethylene chains at 1, 3, and 5 positions, of which the other terminals are connected to 2,2′-bipyridine moieties. The ligand bpy3Ph has been used to prepare, according to a multi-step synthetic protocol, trinuclear supramolecular photocatalysts containing different metal subunits. In particular, the compounds Ru2Re and RuRe2 have been prepared, containing different ratios of components based on Ru(dmb)32+-type and Re(dmb)(CO)3Cl-type units (dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine), which can play the roles of photosensitizers and catalyst units for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, respectively. The trinuclear model Ru3 and mononuclear and dinuclear Ru and Ru2 precursor metal complexes, containing free chelating sites, have also been synthesized using the same bridging ligand. The absorption spectra, redox behaviour and photophysical properties of the new species indicate that there is no strong electronic interaction among the Ru and Re units. The trinuclear complexes Ru2Re and RuRe2 could photocatalyze CO2 reduction to CO with high selectivity (up to 97%), high efficiency (ΦCOs of 28% and 25%, respectively: BIH as a reductant), and high durability (TONCOs of 5232 and 6038, respectively: BIH as a reductant) which are the largest TONs for CO2 reduction using supramolecular photocatalysts in homogeneous solutions. The absence of negligible accumulation of the mono-reduced form of the photosensitizer indicates fast electron transfer to the catalyst unit(s) through the relatively large bridging ligand and is proposed to contribute to the outstanding photocatalytic properties of the new species, including their durability. The relevant photocatalytic behaviour of the new systems indicates new avenues for the design of extended bridging ligands capable of efficiently and functionally integrating photosensitizers and catalysts towards the preparation of new, larger supramolecular photocatalysts for selective CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra M Cancelliere
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , Università di Messina , Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sezione di Messina) , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , Messina , 98166 , Italy .
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , Università di Messina , Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sezione di Messina) , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , Messina , 98166 , Italy .
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , Università di Messina , Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sezione di Messina) , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , Messina , 98166 , Italy .
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , Università di Messina , Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sezione di Messina) , Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , Messina , 98166 , Italy .
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 152-8550 , Japan .
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