1
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Wang R, Martínez S, Schwarzmann J, Zhao CZ, Ramler J, Lichtenberg C, Wang YM. Transition Metal Mimetic π-Activation by Cationic Bismuth(III) Catalysts for Allylic C-H Functionalization of Olefins Using C═O and C═N Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22122-22128. [PMID: 39102739 PMCID: PMC11328129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The discovery and utilization of main-group element catalysts that behave similarly to transition metal (TM) complexes have become increasingly active areas of investigation in recent years. Here, we report a series of Lewis acidic bismuth(III) complexes that allow for the catalytic allylic C(sp3)-H functionalization of olefins via an organometallic complexation-assisted deprotonation mechanism to generate products containing new C-C bonds. This heretofore unexplored mode of main-group reactivity was applied to the regioselective functionalization of 1,4-dienes and allylbenzene substrates. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support the key steps of the proposed catalytic cycle, including the intermediacy of elusive Bi-olefin complexes and allylbismuth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sebastián Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Z Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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2
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Sen N, Sarkar P, Meena Y, Tothadi S, Pati SK, Khan S. Synthesis and catalytic application of a donor-free bismuthenium cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6877-6880. [PMID: 38873969 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and catalytic application of a new N,N'-dineopentyl-1,2-phenylenediamine-based bismuthenium cation (3). 3 has been synthesized via the treatment of chlorobismuthane LBiCl [L = 1,2-C6H4{N(CH2tBu)}2] (2) with AgSbF6, and was further used as a robust catalyst for the cyanosilylation of ketones under mild reaction conditions. Experimental studies and DFT calculations were performed to understand the mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Yadram Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, UP, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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3
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Fetoh A, Fantuzzi F, Lichtenberg C. The Chlorido-Bismuth Dication: A Potent Lewis Acid Captured in a Hepta-Coordinate Species with a Stereochemically Active Lone Pair. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12089-12099. [PMID: 38900030 PMCID: PMC11220759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The stabilization of simple, highly reactive cationic species in molecular complexes represents an important strategy to isolate and characterize compounds with uncommon or even unprecedented structural motifs and properties. Here we report the synthesis, isolation, and full characterization of chlorido-bismuth dications, stabilized only by monodentate dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) ligands: [BiCl(dmso)6][BF4]2 (1) and [BiCl(μ2-dmso)(dmso)4]2[BF4]4 (2). These compounds show unusual distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometries along with high Lewis acidities and have been analyzed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. Attempts to generate the bromido- and iodido-analogs gave dmso-stabilized tricationic bismuth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fetoh
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, El Gomhouria,
Mansoura Qism 2, Dakahlia Governorate 11432 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School
of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University
of Kent, Park Wood Road, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
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4
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Rottschäfer D, Reith S, Schwarzmann J, Tambornino F, Lichtenberg C. Cyclic Hydrocarbon Frameworks Containing Two Bismuth Atoms: Towards 9,10-Dibismaanthracene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303363. [PMID: 38116821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
When bismuth atoms are incorporated into cyclic organic systems, this commonly goes along with strained or distorted molecular geometries, which can be exploited to modulate the physical and chemical properties of these compounds. In six-membered heterocycles, bismuth atoms are often accompanied by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen as a second hetero-element. In this work, we present the first examples of six-membered rings, in which two CH units are replaced by BiX moieties (X=Cl, Br, I), resulting in dihydro-anthracene analogs. Their behavior in chemically reversible reduction reactions is explored, aiming at the generation of dibisma-anthracene (bismanthrene). Heterometallic compounds (Bi/Fe, Bi/Mn) are introduced as potential bismanthrene surrogates, as supported by bismanthrene-transfer to selenium. Analytical techniques used to investigate the reported compounds include NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Reith
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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5
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Timoshkin AY. The Field of Main Group Lewis Acids and Lewis Superacids: Important Basics and Recent Developments. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302457. [PMID: 37752859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
New developments in the field of Lewis acidity are highlighted, with the focus of novel Lewis acids and Lewis superacids of group 2, 13, 14, and 15 elements. Several important basics, illustrated by modern examples (classification of Donor-Acceptor (DA) complexes, amphoteric nature of any compound in terms of DA interactions, reorganization energies of main group Lewis acids and the role of the energies of frontier orbitals) are presented and discussed. It is emphasized that the Lewis acidity phenomena are general and play vital role in different areas of chemistry: from weak "atomophilic" interactions to the complexes of Lewis superacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Pugliese ER, Benner F, Demir S. From an Isolable Bismolyl Anion to an Yttrium-Bismolyl Complex with μ-Bridging Bismuth(I) Centers and Polar Covalent Y-Bi Bonds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302687. [PMID: 37650379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and first structural characterization of the [K(18-crown-6)] bismolyl Bitet (C4 Me4 Bi) contact ion pair (1) is presented. Notably, according to Natural Resonance Theory calculations, the Bitet anion of 1 features two types of leading mesomeric structures with localized anionic charge and two lone pairs of electrons at the BiI center, as well as delocalized anionic charge in the π-conjugated C4 Bi ring. The lone pairs at Bi enable a unique bridging coordination mode of the bismolyl ligand, as shown for the first rare earth metal bismolyl complex (Cptet 2 Y)2 (μ-η1 -Bitet )2 (2). The latter results from the salt metathesis reaction of KBitet with Cptet 2 Y(BPh4 ) (Cptet =C5 Me4 H). The Y-Bi bonding interaction in 2 of 16.6 % covalency at yttrium is remarkably large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Benner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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7
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Rottschäfer D, Pachkovska A, Xie X, Oberdorf K, Reith S, Stoy A, Lichtenberg C. Fusing Triphenylbismuth and PnPh 3 (Pn = P-Bi): Synthesis, Isolation, and Characterization of 9-Bisma-10-Pnictatriptycenes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18228-18238. [PMID: 37867302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The first series of 9-bisma-10-pnictatriptycenes Bi(C6H4)3Pn (2-Pn, Pn = P-Bi; see graphic) has been synthesized in a two-step procedure via suitable tris(2-bromophenyl)pnictanes 1-Pn and characterized in solution as well as in the solid state. DFT calculations suggest preferential interactions between 2-Pn and soft Lewis acids via the lighter pnictogen donor atom. Experimental studies demonstrate that even the weakest Lewis base in the series of 2-Pn, namely the dibismatriptycene 2-Bi, interacts with Lewis acidic [BiMe2(SbF6)] in solution. Analytical techniques include (VT-)NMR spectroscopy, DOSY NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Pachkovska
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Oberdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Reith
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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8
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Stoy A, Jürgensen M, Millidoni C, Berthold C, Ramler J, Martínez S, Buchner MR, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: Access to a Bowl-Type Macrocycle and a Barrel-Type Heptanuclear Complex Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308293. [PMID: 37522394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) is a powerful and widely applied tool in modern synthetic chemistry, which is based on the reversible cleavage and formation of covalent bonds. One of the inherent strengths of this approach is the perspective to reversibly generate in an operationally simple approach novel structural motifs that are difficult or impossible to access with more traditional methods and require multiple bond cleaving and bond forming steps. To date, these fundamentally important synthetic and conceptual challenges in the context of DCvC have predominantly been tackled by exploiting compounds of lighter p-block elements, even though heavier p-block elements show low bond dissociation energies and appear to be ideally suited for this approach. Here we show that a dinuclear organometallic bismuth compound, containing BiMe2 groups that are connected by a thioxanthene linker, readily undergoes selective and reversible cleavage of its Bi-C bonds upon exposure to external stimuli. The exploitation of DCvC in the field of organometallic heavy p-block chemistry grants access to unprecedented macrocyclic and barrel-type oligonuclear compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stoy
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Jürgensen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Millidoni
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chantsalmaa Berthold
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastián Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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9
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Hyvl J. Hypervalent organobismuth complexes: pathways toward improved reactivity, catalysis, and applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12597-12603. [PMID: 37670510 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent (three-center, four-electron) bonding in organobismuth complexes has been extensively studied due to its ability to affect molecular geometry, dynamic behavior, or to stabilize the ligand scaffold. This work addresses the effects of this bonding on reactivity, catalytic activity, redox processes, and its potential applications in biosciences, materials science, and small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
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10
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Hannah TJ, McCarvell WM, Kirsch T, Bedard J, Hynes T, Mayho J, Bamford KL, Vos CW, Kozak CM, George T, Masuda JD, Chitnis SS. Planar bismuth triamides: a tunable platform for main group Lewis acidity and polymerization catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4549-4563. [PMID: 37152250 PMCID: PMC10155930 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00917c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometric deformation in main group compounds can be used to elicit unique properties including strong Lewis acidity. Here we report on a family of planar bismuth(iii) complexes (cf. typically pyramidal structure for such compounds), which show a geometric Lewis acidity that can be further tuned by varying the steric and electronic features of the triamide ligand employed. The structural dynamism of the planar bismuth complexes was probed in both the solid and solution phase, revealing at least three distinct modes of intermolecular association. A modified Gutmann-Beckett method was used to assess their electrophilicity by employing trimethylphosphine sulfide in addition to triethylphosphine oxide as probes, providing insights into the preference for binding hard or soft substrates. Experimental binding studies were complemented by a computational assessment of the affinities and dissection of the latter into their intrinsic bond strength and deformation energy components. The results show comparable Lewis acidity to triarylboranes, with the added ability to bind two bases simultaneously, and reduced discrimination against soft substrates. We also study the catalytic efficacy of these complexes in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide. The polymers obtained show excellent dispersity values and high molecular weights with low catalyst loadings used. The complexes retain their performance under industrially relevant conditions, suggesting they may be useful as less toxic alternatives to tin catalysts in the production of medical grade materials. Collectively, these results establish planar bismuth complexes as not only a novel neutral platform for main group Lewis acidity, but also a potentially valuable one for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Hannah
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - W Michael McCarvell
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Tamina Kirsch
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Joseph Bedard
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Toren Hynes
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Jacqueline Mayho
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Karlee L Bamford
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Cyler W Vos
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Christopher M Kozak
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Tanner George
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University 923 Robie St. Halifax NS B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Jason D Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University 923 Robie St. Halifax NS B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - S S Chitnis
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
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11
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Tanimura K, Gon M, Tanaka K. Effects of Hypervalent Bismuth on Electronic Properties of the Azobenzene Tridentate Ligand and Roles of Lewis Acidity in Controlling Optical Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4590-4597. [PMID: 36867889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Organobismuth compounds have been studied in various fields, including electronic states, pnictogen bonds, and catalysis. Among them, one of the unique electronic states of the element is the hypervalent state. So far, many issues regarding the electronic structures of bismuth in hypervalent states have been revealed; meanwhile, the influence of hypervalent bismuth on the electronic properties of π-conjugated scaffolds is still vailed. Here, we synthesized the hypervalent bismuth compound, BiAz, by introducing hypervalent bismuth into the azobenzene tridentate ligand as a π-conjugated scaffold. The influence of hypervalent bismuth on the electronic properties of the ligand was evaluated from optical measurements and quantum chemical calculations. The introduction of hypervalent bismuth revealed three significant electronic effects: first, hypervalent bismuth shows position-dependent electron-donating and electron-accepting effects. Second, BiAz can have a larger effective Lewis acidity than the hypervalent tin compound derivatives reported in our previous research. Finally, the coordination of dimethyl sulfoxide transformed the electronic properties of BiAz, similar to the hypervalent tin compounds. The data from quantum chemical calculations showed that the optical properties of the π-conjugated scaffold were able to be changed by introducing hypervalent bismuth. To the best of our knowledge, we first demonstrate that the introduction of hypervalent bismuth should be a new methodology for controlling the electronic properties of π-conjugated molecules and developing sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tanimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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12
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Janssen M, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Kinetically Stabilized Diarylpnictogenium Ions. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200429. [PMID: 36670087 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The newly prepared and fully characterized stibenium and bismuthenium ions [Rind MesE]+ (E=Sb, Bi; Rind =dispiro[fluorene-9,3'-(1',1',7',7'-tetramethyl-s-hydrindacen-4'-yl)-5',9''-fluorene) were rigorously compared to the previously communicated phosphenium and arsenium ions (E=P, As) as well as the bis(m-terphenyl) pnictogenium ions [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 E]+ (E=Sb, Bi). It is demonstrated that the choice of the aryl substituents dramatically effects the molecular structures (e. g. the primary E-C bond lengths) and the electronic structures (e. g. the energy of the LUMOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Janssen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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13
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Warring LS, Walley JE, Dickie DA, Tiznado W, Pan S, Gilliard RJ. Lewis Superacidic Heavy Pnictaalkene Cations: Comparative Assessment of Carbodicarbene-Stibenium and Carbodicarbene-Bismuthenium Ions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18640-18652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levi S. Warring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 270, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Sudip Pan
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße, Marburg 35032, Germany
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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14
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Sharma D, Benny A, Gupta R, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Crystallographic evidence for a continuum and reversal of roles in primary-secondary interactions in antimony Lewis acids: applications in carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11009-11012. [PMID: 36097954 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary and secondary interactions form the basis of substrate activation in Lewis-acid mediated catalysis, with most substrate activations occurring at the secondary binding site. We explore two series of antimony cations, [(NMe2CH2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (A) and [(NMe2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (B), by coordinating ligands with varying nucleophilicity at the position trans to the N-donor. The decreased nucleophilicity of the incoming ligands leads to reversal from a primary bond to a secondary interaction in A, whereas a constrained N-coordination in B diminishes the border between primary and secondary bonding. Investigations on carbonyl olefin metathesis reactions and carbonyl reduction demonstrate increased reactivity of a Lewis acid when the substrate activation occurs at the primary binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Annabel Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
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15
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Ramler J, Stoy A, Preitschopf T, Kettner J, Fischer I, Roling B, Fantuzzi F, Lichtenberg C. Dihalo bismuth cations: unusual coordination properties and inverse solvent effects in Lewis acidity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9826-9829. [PMID: 35975673 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of well-defined cationic hepta-coordinate bismuth halides [BiX2(py)5][B(3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3)4] (X = Cl, Br, I), stabilized only by substitutionally labile solvent molecules, were synthesized and fully characterized. Their apparent D5h symmetry with a lone pair at the central atom is unprecedented for main group compounds. The potential of BiX3 to show unexpectedly high Lewis acidities in moderately polar solvents is likely due to the formation of [BiX2(solv)5]+ and related ionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Preitschopf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janosch Kettner
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Roling
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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16
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Tidwell JR, Martin CD. Investigating the Reactions of BiCl 3, a Diiminopyridine Ligand, and Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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17
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Ramler J, Schwarzmann J, Stoy A, Lichtenberg C. Two Faces of the Bi-O Bond: Photochemically and Thermally Induced Dehydrocoupling for Si-O Bond Formation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022; 2022:e202100934. [PMID: 35873275 PMCID: PMC9300068 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diorgano(bismuth)alcoholate [Bi((C6H4CH2)2S)OPh] (1-OPh) has been synthesized and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and (TD-)DFT calculations suggest its susceptibility to homolytic and heterolytic Bi-O bond cleavage under given reaction conditions. Using the dehydrocoupling of silanes with either TEMPO or phenol as model reactions, the catalytic competency of 1-OPh has been investigated (TEMPO=(tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-oxyl). Different reaction pathways can deliberately be addressed by applying photochemical or thermal reaction conditions and by choosing radical or closed-shell substrates (TEMPO vs. phenol). Applied analytical techniques include NMR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and (TD)-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Philipps-Universität MarburgFachbereich ChemieHans-Meerwein-Str. 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Philipps-Universität MarburgFachbereich ChemieHans-Meerwein-Str. 435032MarburgGermany
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18
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Oberdorf K, Grenzer P, Wieprecht N, Ramler J, Hanft A, Rempel A, Stoy A, Radacki K, Lichtenberg C. CH Activation of Cationic Bismuth Amides: Heteroaromaticity, Derivatization, and Lewis Acidity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19086-19097. [PMID: 34818003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cationization of Bi(NPh2)3 has recently been reported to allow access to single- and double-CH activation reactions, followed by selective transformation of Bi-C into C-X functional groups (X = electrophile). Here we show that this approach can successfully be transferred to a range of bismuth amides with two aryl groups at the nitrogen, Bi(NRaryl2)3. Exchange of one nitrogen-bound aryl group for an alkyl substituent gave the first example of a homoleptic bismuth amide with a mixed aryl/alkyl substitution pattern at the nitrogen, Bi(NPhiPr)3. This compound is susceptible to selective N-N radical coupling in its neutral form and also undergoes selective CH activation when transformed into a cationic species. The second CH activation is blocked due to the absence of a second aryl moiety at nitrogen. The Lewis acidity of neutral bismuth amides is compared with that of cationic species "[Bi(aryl)(amide)(L)n]+" and "[Bi(aryl)2(L)n]+" based on the (modified) Gutmann-Beckett method (L = tetrahydrofuran or pyridine). The heteroaromatic character of [Bi(C6H3R)2NH(triflate)] compounds, which are iso-valence-electronic with anthracene, is investigated by theoretical methods. Analytical methods used in this work include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Grenzer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nele Wieprecht
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. The Dimethylbismuth Cation: Entry Into Dative Bi-Bi Bonding and Unconventional Methyl Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24388-24394. [PMID: 34378855 PMCID: PMC8596701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of simple, fundamentally important, and highly reactive organometallic compounds remains among the most challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry. The detailed characterization of such compounds is key to the discovery of novel bonding scenarios and reactivity. The dimethylbismuth cation, [BiMe2 (SbF6 )] (1), has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction with BiMe3 gives access to an unprecedented dative bond, a Bi→Bi donor-acceptor interaction. The exchange of methyl groups (arguably the simplest hydrocarbon moiety) between different metal atoms is among the most principal types of reactions in organometallic chemistry. The reaction of 1 with BiMe3 enables an SE 2(back)-type methyl exchange, which is, for the first time, investigated in detail for isolable, (pseudo-)homoleptic main-group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felix Geist
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
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20
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. Das Dimethylbismut‐Kation: Zugang zu dativen Bi‐Bi‐Bindungen und unkonventionellem Methylaustausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felix Geist
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
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21
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Sharma D, Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Reversing Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8889-8892. [PMID: 34378571 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the boundaries between the neutral and cationic models of (Mesityl)2EX (E = Sb, Bi and X = Cl-, OTf-) have facilitated reversing the Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. We use this concept to demonstrate a higher efficiency of (Mesityl)2SbOTf over (Mesityl)2BiOTf in the catalytic reduction of phosphine oxides to phosphines. The experiments supported with computations described herein will find use in designing new Lewis acids relevant to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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22
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Ota K, Kinjo R. Heavier element-containing aromatics of [4 n+2]-electron systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10594-10673. [PMID: 34369490 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the implication of the aromaticity concept has been dramatically expanded to date since its emergence in 1865, the classical [4n+2]/4n-electron counting protocol still plays an essential role in evaluating the aromatic nature of compounds. Over the last few decades, a variety of heavier heterocycles featuring the formal [4n+2] π-electron arrangements have been developed, which allows for assessing their aromatic nature. In this review, we present recent developments of the [4n+2]-electron systems of heavier heterocycles involving group 13-15 elements. The synthesis, spectroscopic data, structural parameters, computational data, and reactivity are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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23
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Magre M, Kuziola J, Nöthling N, Cornella J. Dibismuthanes in catalysis: from synthesis and characterization to redox behavior towards oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4922-4929. [PMID: 33955447 PMCID: PMC8188851 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A family of aryl dinuclear bismuthane complexes has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The two bismuth centers are bonded to various xanthene-type backbones, which differ in ring-size and flexibility, resulting in complexes with different intramolecular BiBi distances. Moreover, their pentavalent Bi(v) analogues have also been prepared and structurally characterized. Finally, the synergy between bismuth centers in catalysis has been studied by applying dinuclear bismuthanes 5-8 to the catalytic oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols. Unfortunately, no synergistic effects were observed and the catalytic activities of dinuclear bismuthanes and triphenylbismuth are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Magre
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Kuziola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
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24
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Ramler J, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth species in the coordination sphere of transition metals: synthesis, bonding, coordination chemistry, and reactivity of molecular complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7120-7138. [PMID: 34008669 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This contribution is focused on bismuth species in the coordination sphere of transition metals. In molecular transition metal complexes, three types of Bi-M bonding are considered, namely dative Bi→M interactions (with Bi acting as a donor), dative Bi←M interactions (with Bi acting as an acceptor) and covalent Bi-M interactions (M = transition metal). Synthetic routes to all three classes of compounds are outlined, the Bi-M bonding situation is discussed, trends in the geometric parameters and in the coordination chemistry of the compounds are addressed, and common spectroscopic properties are summarized. As an important part of this contribution, the reactivity of bismuth species in the coordination sphere of transition metal complexes in stoichiometric and catalytic reactions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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Hanft A, Radacki K, Lichtenberg C. Cationic Bismuth Aminotroponiminates: Charge Controls Redox Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:6230-6239. [PMID: 33326650 PMCID: PMC8048980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of the redox‐active aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligand in the coordination sphere of bismuth has been investigated in neutral and cationic compounds, [Bi(ATI)3] and [Bi(ATI)2Ln][A] (L=neutral ligand; n=0, 1; A=counteranion). Their coordination chemistry in solution and in the solid state has been analyzed through (variable‐temperature) NMR spectroscopy, line‐shape analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and their Lewis acidity has been evaluated by using the Gutmann–Beckett method (and modifications thereof). Cyclic voltammetry, in combination with DFT calculations, indicates that switching between ligand‐ and metal‐centered redox events is possible by altering the charge of the compounds from 0 in neutral species to +1 in cationic compounds. This adds important facets to the rich redox chemistry of ATIs and to the redox chemistry of bismuth compounds, which is, so far, largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Walley JE, Warring LS, Wang G, Dickie DA, Pan S, Frenking G, Gilliard RJ. Carbodicarbene Bismaalkene Cations: Unravelling the Complexities of Carbene versus Carbone in Heavy Pnictogen Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6682-6690. [PMID: 33290596 PMCID: PMC7986408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the first examples of carbodicarbene (CDC)-stabilized bismuth complexes, which feature low-coordinate cationic bismuth centers with C=Bi multiple-bond character. Monocations [(CDC)Bi(Ph)Cl][SbF6 ] (8) and [(CDC)BiBr2 (THF)2 ][SbF6 ] (11), dications [(CDC)Bi(Ph)][SbF6 ]2 (9) and [(CDC)BiBr(THF)3 ][NTf2 ]2 (12), and trication [(CDC)2 Bi][NTf2 ]3 (13) have been synthesized via sequential halide abstractions from (CDC)Bi(Ph)Cl2 (7) and (CDC)BiBr3 (10). Notably, the dications and trication exhibit C ⇉ Bi double dative bonds and thus represent unprecedented bismaalkene cations. The synthesis of these species highlights a unique non-reductive route to C-Bi π-bonding character. The CDC-[Bi] complexes (7-13) were compared with related NHC-[Bi] complexes (1, 3-6) and show substantially different structural properties. Indeed, the CDC ligand has a remarkable influence on the overall stability of the resulting low-coordinate Bi complexes, suggesting that CDC is a superior ligand to NHC in heavy pnictogen chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Walley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Levi S. Warring
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universitt MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35043MarburgGermany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universitt MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35043MarburgGermany
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
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27
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Ramler J, Wüst L, Rempel A, Wolz L, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Atoms in Hydrocarbon Ligands: Bismepines as Rigid, Ditopic Arene Donors in Coordination Chemistry. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Am Hubland 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Wüst
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Am Hubland 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Am Hubland 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Wolz
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Am Hubland 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Am Hubland 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Walley JE, Warring LS, Wang G, Dickie DA, Pan S, Frenking G, Gilliard RJ. Carbodicarbene Bismaalkene Cations: Unravelling the Complexities of Carbene versus Carbone in Heavy Pnictogen Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Levi S. Warring
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universitt Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universitt Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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29
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Dunaj T, Dollberg K, Ritter C, Dankert F, Hänisch C. 2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl‐Substituted Bismuth Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dunaj
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Kevin Dollberg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Christian Ritter
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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30
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Belli RG, Pantazis DA, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Reversible Silylium Transfer between P-H and Si-H Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2379-2384. [PMID: 33031611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mo=PR2 π* orbital in a Mo phosphenium complex acts as acceptor in a new PIII -based Lewis superacid. This Lewis acid (LA) participates in electrophilic Si-H abstraction from E3 SiH to give a Mo-bound secondary phosphine ligand, Mo-PR2 H. The resulting Et3 Si+ ion remains associated with the Mo complex, stabilized by η1 -P-H donation, yet undergoes rapid exchange with an η1 -Si-H adduct of free silane in solution. The equilibrium between these two adducts presents an opportunity to assess the role of this new LA in catalytic reactions of silanes: is the LA acting as a catalyst or as an initiator? Preliminary results suggest that a cycle including the Mo-bound phosphine-silylium adduct dominates in the catalytic hydrosilylation of acetophenone, relative to a putative cycle involving the silane-silylium adduct or "free" silylium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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31
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Belli RG, Pantazis DA, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Reversible Silylium Transfer between P‐H and Si‐H Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada
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32
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Lichtenberg C. Molecular bismuth(iii) monocations: structure, bonding, reactivity, and catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4483-4495. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Structurally defined, molecular bismuth(iii) cations show remarkable properties in coordination chemistry, Lewis acidity, and redox chemistry, allowing for unique applications in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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33
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Babaahmadi R, Jalali M, Smith JA, Yates BF, Ariafard A. How a Bismuth(III) Catalyst Achieves Greatest Activation of Organic Lewis Bases in a Catalytic Reaction: Insights from DFT Calculations. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Babaahmadi
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mona Jalali
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Private Bag 75 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
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34
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Migliaro I, Cundari TR. Density Functional Study of Methane Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs with Group 13 Trihalides and Group 15 Pentahalides and a Machine Learning Analysis of Their Barrier Heights. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4958-4966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Migliaro
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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35
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Fekete C, Barrett J, Benkő Z, Heift D. Dibismuthates as Linking Units for Bis-Zwitterions and Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13270-13280. [PMID: 32897714 PMCID: PMC7509842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Adducts of bismuth
trihalides BiX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and the PS3 ligand (PS3 = P(C6H4-o-CH2SCH3)3) react with HCl to form inorganic/organic
hybrids with the general formula [HPS3BiX4]2. On the basis of their solid-state
structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, these compounds
exhibit discrete bis-zwitterionic assemblies consisting of two phosphonium
units [HPS3]+ linked
to a central dibismuthate core [Bi2X8]2– via S→Bi dative interactions. Remarkably, the phosphorus
center of the PS3 ligand undergoes
protonation with hydrochloric acid. This is in stark contrast to the
protonation of phosphines commonly observed with hydrogen halides
resulting in equilibrium. To understand the important factors in this
protonation reaction, 31P NMR experiments and DFT computations
have been performed. Furthermore, the dibismuthate linker was utilized
to obtain the coordination polymer {[AgPS3BiCl3(OTf)]2(CH3CN)2}∞, in which dicationic [Ag(PS3)]22+ macrocycles containing
five-coordinate silver centers connect the dianionic [Bi2Cl6(OTf)2]2– dibismuthate
fragments. The bonding situation in these dibismuthates has been investigated
by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations (NBO analysis,
AIM analysis, charge distribution). The potential
of dibismuthates [Bi2X8]2− as building blocks for the synthesis of bis-zwitterions and coordination
polymers has been shown. The structures of these compounds and the
bonding in the dibismuthate linkers have been studied by single-crystal
X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Fekete
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jamie Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dominikus Heift
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
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36
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Ramler J, Lichtenberg C. Molecular Bismuth Cations: Assessment of Soft Lewis Acidity. Chemistry 2020; 26:10250-10258. [PMID: 32428329 PMCID: PMC7818483 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-coordinate cationic bismuth compounds [Bi(diaryl)(EPMe3 )][SbF6 ] have been isolated and fully characterized (diaryl=[(C6 H4 )2 C2 H2 ]2- , E=S, Se). They represent rare examples of molecular complexes with Bi⋅⋅⋅EPR3 interactions (R=monoanionic substituent). The 31 P NMR chemical shift of EPMe3 has been found to be sensitive to the formation of LA⋅⋅⋅EPMe3 Lewis acid/base interactions (LA=Lewis acid). This corresponds to a modification of the Gutmann-Beckett method and reveals information about the hardness/softness of the Lewis acid under investigation. A series of organobismuth compounds, bismuth halides, and cationic bismuth species have been investigated with this approach and compared to traditional group 13 and cationic group 14 Lewis acids. Especially cationic bismuth species have been shown to be potent soft Lewis acids that may prefer Lewis pair formation with a soft (S/Se-based) rather than a hard (O/N-based) donor. Analytical techniques applied in this work include (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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37
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Marczenko KM, Jee S, Chitnis SS. High Lewis Acidity at Planar, Trivalent, and Neutral Bismuth Centers. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samantha Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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38
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Ramler J, Radacki K, Abbenseth J, Lichtenberg C. Combined experimental and theoretical studies towards mutual osmium-bismuth donor/acceptor bonding. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9024-9034. [PMID: 32567644 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osmium(ii) PNP pincer complexes bearing a hemilabile pyridyl-pyrazolide (PyrPz) ligand have been synthesised, and their reactivity towards Lewis acidic bismuth compounds has been examined. Reactions with BiCl3 resulted in chlorine-atom-transfer to give an osmium(iii) species. Reactions with cationic bismuth species led to adduct formation through N → Bi bond formation via the PyrPz ligand. Theoretical analyses revealed that steric interactions hamper Os → Bi bond formation and indicate that such interactions are possible upon reducing the steric profile around the osmium atom. Analytical techniques include NMR, IR, and EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, elemental analysis and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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39
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Planas O, Peciukenas V, Cornella J. Bismuth-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with Triflate and Nonaflate Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11382-11387. [PMID: 32536157 PMCID: PMC7315642 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein we present a Bi-catalyzed
cross-coupling of arylboronic
acids with perfluoroalkyl sulfonate salts based on a Bi(III)/Bi(V)
redox cycle. An electron-deficient sulfone ligand proved to be key
for the successful implementation of this protocol, which allows the
unusual construction of C(sp2)–O bonds using commercially
available NaOTf and KONf as coupling partners. Preliminary mechanistic
studies as well as theoretical investigations reveal the intermediacy
of a highly electrophilic Bi(V) species, which rapidly eliminates
phenyl triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Planas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Vytautas Peciukenas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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40
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Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Andrews AP, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. trans
-Influence in Heavy Main Group Compounds: A Case Study on Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Bismuth Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; 695551 Thiruvananthapuram Vithura India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; 560012 Bangalore India
| | - Alex P. Andrews
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; 695551 Thiruvananthapuram Vithura India
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; 560012 Bangalore India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; 695551 Thiruvananthapuram Vithura India
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41
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Nejman PS, Curzon TE, Bühl M, McKay D, Woollins JD, Ashbrook SE, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Kilian P. Phosphorus–Bismuth Peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes: A Synthetic, Structural, and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5616-5625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S. Nejman
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Thomasine E. Curzon
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David McKay
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | | | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
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42
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Jin M, Yin SF, Yang SD. Bismuth(III)-Catalyzed Sequential Enamine-Imine Tautomerism/2-Aza-Cope Rearrangement of Stable β-Enaminophosphonates: One-Pot Synthesis of β-Aminophosphonates. Org Lett 2020; 22:2811-2815. [PMID: 32186884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalytic tautomeric transformation of a β-enaminophosphoryl and 2-aza-Cope rearrangement sequence has been successfully applied to the one-pot synthesis of β-aminophosphonates with high efficiency and good tolerance. In this tandem reaction, Bi(OTf)3 exhibits unique activities and promotes both of enamine-imine tautomerism and 2-aza-Cope rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Fu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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43
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Ito S, Kuwabara T, Ishii Y. A Tin Analogue of the Cycloheptatrienyl Anion: Synthesis, Structure, and Further Reduction to Form a Dianionic Species. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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