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Tiwari D, Kumar N, Bongirwar R, Shukla P. Nutraceutical prospects of genetically engineered cyanobacteria- technological updates and significance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:263. [PMID: 38980547 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Genetically engineered cyanobacterial strains that have improved growth rate, biomass productivity, and metabolite productivity could be a better option for sustainable bio-metabolite production. The global demand for biobased metabolites with nutraceuticals and health benefits has increased due to their safety and plausible therapeutic and nutritional utility. Cyanobacteria are solar-powered green cellular factories that can be genetically tuned to produce metabolites with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical benefits. The present review discusses biotechnological endeavors for producing bioprospective compounds from genetically engineered cyanobacteria and discusses the challenges and troubleshooting faced during metabolite production. This review explores the cyanobacterial versatility, the use of engineered strains, and the techno-economic challenges associated with scaling up metabolite production from cyanobacteria. Challenges to produce cyanobacterial bioactive compounds with remarkable nutraceutical values have been discussed. Additionally, this review also summarises the challenges and future prospects of metabolite production from genetically engineered cyanobacteria as a sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Tiwari
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niwas Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riya Bongirwar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Victoria AJ, Astbury MJ, McCormick AJ. Engineering highly productive cyanobacteria towards carbon negative emissions technologies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103141. [PMID: 38735193 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse and ecologically important group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that contribute significantly to the global carbon cycle through the capture of CO2 as biomass. Cyanobacterial biotechnology could play a key role in a sustainable bioeconomy through negative emissions technologies (NETs), such as carbon sequestration or bioproduction. However, the primary issues of low productivities and high infrastructure costs currently limit the commercialisation of such applications. The isolation of several fast-growing strains and recent advancements in molecular biology tools now offer promising new avenues for improving yields, including metabolic engineering approaches guided by high-throughput screening and metabolic models. Furthermore, emerging research on engineering coculture communities could help to develop more robust culturing systems to support broader NET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo J Victoria
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK; Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
| | - Michael J Astbury
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK; Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK; Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK.
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3
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Rautela A, Yadav I, Gangwar A, Chatterjee R, Kumar S. Photosynthetic production of α-farnesene by engineered Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 from carbon dioxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 396:130432. [PMID: 38346593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the prospective biosolar cell factories to produce a range of bioproducts through CO2 sequestration. Farnesene is a sesquiterpene with an array of applications in biofuels, pest management, cosmetics, flavours and fragrances. This is the first time a codon-optimized farnesene synthase (AFS) gene is engineered into the genomic neutral site of Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 for farnesene synthesis through its endogenous methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, rendering UTEX AFS strain. Similarly, bottleneck gene(s) of the MEP pathway, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs) and/or fusion of isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase (idispA) were engineered engendering UTEX AFS::dxs, UTEX AFS::idispA and UTEX AFS::dxs::idispA strains. UTEX AFS::dxs::idispA achieves farnesene productivity of 2.57 mg/L/day, the highest among engineered cyanobacterial strains studied so far. It demonstrates farnesene production, which is 31.3-times higher than the UTEX AFS strain. Moreover, the engineered strains show similar productivity over a three-month period, stipulating the genetic stability of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Rautela
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indrajeet Yadav
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Agendra Gangwar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishika Chatterjee
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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4
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Lee SY, Lee JS, Sim SJ. Cost-effective production of bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate via introducing heterogeneous constitutive promoter and elevating acetyl-Coenzyme A pool of rapidly growing cyanobacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130297. [PMID: 38185449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bioplastic production using cyanobacteria can be an effective strategy to cope with environmental problems caused by using petroleum-based plastics. Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 with heterogeneous phaCAB can produce bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with a high CO2 uptake rate. For cost-effective production of PHB in S. elongatus UTEX 2973, phaCAB was expressed by the constitutive Pcpc560, resulting in the production of 226 mg/L of PHB by only photoautotrophic cultivation without the addition of inducer. Several culture conditions were applied to increase PHB productivity, and when acetate was supplied at a concentration of 1 g/L as an organic carbon source, productivity significantly increased resulting in 607.2 mg/L of PHB and additive cost reduction of more than 300 times was achieved compared to IPTG. Consequently, these results suggest the possibility of cyanobacteria as an agent that can economically produce PHB and as a solution to the problem of petroleum-based plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Diankristanti PA, Lin YC, Yi YC, Ng IS. Polyhydroxyalkanoates bioproduction from bench to industry: Thirty years of development towards sustainability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130149. [PMID: 38049017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of carbon neutrality goals has sparked considerable interest in expanding bioplastics production from microbial cell factories. One prominent class of bioplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), is generated by specific microorganisms, serving as carbon and energy storage materials. To begin with, a native PHA producer, Cupriavidus necator (formerly Ralstonia eutropha) is extensively studied, covering essential topics such as carbon source selection, cultivation techniques, and accumulation enhancement strategies. Recently, various hosts including archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, and plants have been explored, stretching the limit of microbial PHA production. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current advancements in PHA bioproduction, spanning from the native to diversified cell factories. Recovery and purification techniques are discussed, and the current status of industrial applications is assessed as a critical milestone for startups. Ultimately, it concludes by addressing contemporary challenges and future prospects, offering insights into the path towards reduced carbon emissions and sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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6
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Minami SA, Garimella SS, Shah PS. Computational evaluation of light propagation in cylindrical bioreactors for optogenetic mammalian cell cultures. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300071. [PMID: 37877211 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Light-inducible regulation of cellular pathways and gene circuits in mammalian cells is a new frontier in mammalian genetic engineering. Optogenetic mammalian cell cultures, which are light-sensitive engineered cells, utilize light to regulate gene expression and protein activity. As a low-cost, tunable, and reversible input, light is highly adept at spatiotemporal and orthogonal regulation of cellular behavior. However, light is absorbed and scattered as it travels through media and cells, and the applicability of optogenetics in larger mammalian bioreactors has not been determined. In this work, we computationally explore the size limit to which optogenetics can be applied in cylindrical bioreactors at relevant height-to-diameter ratios. We model the propagation of light using the radiative transfer equation and consider changes in reactor volume, absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and scattering anisotropy. We observe sufficient light penetration for activation in simulated bioreactors with sizes of up to 80,000 L at maximal cell densities. We performed supporting experiments and found that significant attenuation occurs at the boundaries of the system, but the relative change in intensity distribution within the reactor was consistent with simulation results. We conclude that optogenetics can be applied to bioreactors at an industrial scale and may be a valuable tool for specific biomanufacturing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiaki A Minami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shruthi S Garimella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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7
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Klepacz-Smolka A, Shah MR, Jiang Y, Zhong Y, Chen P, Pietrzyk D, Szelag R, Ledakowicz S, Daroch M. Microalgae are not an umbrella solution for power industry waste abatement but could play a role in their valorization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-29. [PMID: 38105487 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2284644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have long been regarded as a promising solution for biological carbon abatement from the power industry, offering renewable biomass without competing for land or water resources used for food crops. In this study, we extensively examined the application of photosynthetic microorganisms for closing carbon, nitrogen, and micronutrient loops in the power industry. Subsequently, we explored the bottom-up integration of algal biorefineries into power industry waste streams for increased economic benefits and reduced environmental impacts. Analysis of the available data indicated that microalgae integration with the power industry is primarily performed using flue-gas-assisted cultivation. This approach allows for carbon sequestration typically below one gram per liter per day, too low to significantly impact carbon abatement at achievable scales of microalgae cultivation. Alternative approaches are also being explored. For example, soluble bicarbonate platforms allow for higher biomass productivity and temporary carbon storage. Meanwhile, the use of ashes and waste heat and thermophilic strains can result in lower cultivation costs and better control of cultivation conditions. These approaches offer further incremental improvement to microalgae-based carbon abatement systems in the power industry but are unlikely to be an umbrella solution for carbon reduction. Consequently, in the near term, microalgae-based carbon valorization systems are likely to be limited to niche applications involving the synthesis of high-value products. For microalgae to truly transform carbon abatement processes radical improvements in both biology and engineering approaches are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klepacz-Smolka
- Faculty of Process Engineering and Environmental Protection, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mahfuzur R Shah
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing Zhong
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Damian Pietrzyk
- Faculty of Process Engineering and Environmental Protection, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Szelag
- Faculty of Process Engineering and Environmental Protection, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Ledakowicz
- Faculty of Process Engineering and Environmental Protection, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Germann AT, Nakielski A, Dietsch M, Petzel T, Moser D, Triesch S, Westhoff P, Axmann IM. A systematic overexpression approach reveals native targets to increase squalene production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1024981. [PMID: 37324717 PMCID: PMC10266222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1024981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a promising platform for the production of the triterpene squalene (C30), a precursor for all plant and animal sterols, and a highly attractive intermediate towards triterpenoids, a large group of secondary plant metabolites. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 natively produces squalene from CO2 through the MEP pathway. Based on the predictions of a constraint-based metabolic model, we took a systematic overexpression approach to quantify native Synechocystis gene's impact on squalene production in a squalene-hopene cyclase gene knock-out strain (Δshc). Our in silico analysis revealed an increased flux through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in the Δshc mutant compared to the wildtype, including the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as lower glycolysis, while the tricarboxylic acid cycle predicted to be downregulated. Further, all enzymes of the MEP pathway and terpenoid synthesis, as well as enzymes from the central carbon metabolism, Gap2, Tpi and PyrK, were predicted to positively contribute to squalene production upon their overexpression. Each identified target gene was integrated into the genome of Synechocystis Δshc under the control of the rhamnose-inducible promoter Prha. Squalene production was increased in an inducer concentration dependent manner through the overexpression of most predicted genes, which are genes of the MEP pathway, ispH, ispE, and idi, leading to the greatest improvements. Moreover, we were able to overexpress the native squalene synthase gene (sqs) in Synechocystis Δshc, which reached the highest production titer of 13.72 mg l-1 reported for squalene in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 so far, thereby providing a promising and sustainable platform for triterpene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T. Germann
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Nakielski
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietsch
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Petzel
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Moser
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Triesch
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ilka M. Axmann
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Assessing and reducing phenotypic instability in cyanobacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 80:102899. [PMID: 36724584 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have promising potential as sustainable cell factories. However, one challenge that is still largely unreported in scaling-up cyanobacteria bioproduction is phenotypic instability, where the emergence and selection of nonproducing cells leading to loss in production has longer evolutionary timescales to take place in industrial-scale bioreactors. Quantifying phenotypic instability early on in strain development allows researchers to make informed decisions on whether to proceed with scalable designs, or if present, devise countermeasures to reduce instability. One particularly effective strategy to mitigate instability is the use of genome-scale metabolic models to design growth-coupled production strains. In silico studies have predicted that creating certain cofactor imbalances or removing recycling reactions in cyanobacteria can be exploited to stably produce a wide variety of metabolites.
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Witthohn M, Strieth D, Kollmen J, Schwarz A, Ulber R, Muffler K. Process Technologies of Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 36571615 DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the handling and exploitation of cyanobacteria is associated with some challenges, these phototrophic bacteria offer great opportunities for innovative biotechnological processes. This chapter covers versatile aspects of working with cyanobacteria, starting with up-to-date in silico and in vitro screening methods for bioactive substances. Subsequently, common conservation techniques and vitality/viability estimation methods are compared and supplemented by own data regarding the non-invasive vitality evaluation via pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry. Moreover, novel findings about the influence the state of the pre-cultures have on main cultures are presented. The following sub-chapters deal with different photobioreactor-designs, with special regard to biofilm photobioreactors, as well as with heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation modes. The latter topic provides information from literature on successfully enhanced cyanobacterial production processes, augmented by own data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Witthohn
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Bingen, Germany
| | - Dorina Strieth
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jonas Kollmen
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anna Schwarz
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Bingen, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Kai Muffler
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Bingen, Germany
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Maltseva S, Kezlya E, Krivova Z, Gusev E, Kulikovskiy M, Maltsev Y. Phylogeny and fatty acid profiles of Aliinostoc vietnamicum sp. nov. (cyanobacteria) from the soils of Vietnam. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:789-803. [PMID: 36054495 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new cyanobacterial species of Aliinostoc, A. vietnamicum sp. nov., is recorded in the tropical forest soil from the Cát Tiên National Park, Vietnam. The analysis is based on morphological characters, 16S rDNA phylogeny, ITS secondary structure, and fatty acid composition analysis. Aliinostoc vietnamicum differed from the other species of the genus by the size and shape of vegetative cells, size of akinetes and heterocytes, and presence of granular polyphosphate inclusions in vegetative cells. The evolutionary distance matrix based on the 16S rRNA gene shared 96.2-98.2% similarities with other Aliinostoc sequences. The phylogeny inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference placed A. vietnamicum in the Aliinostoc clade, within the Nostocaceae. For the first time, fatty acid composition analysis was obtained for a member of the genus Aliinostoc with cultivation time experiments. α-linolenic (27.54-37.75%), palmitic (13.87-22.65%), and stearic (10.08-20.27%) acids were the dominant fatty acids when cultured during the exponential growth phase, as well as during stationary. This is the first finding of a strain with such a high content of stearic acid among cyanobacteria with Nostoc-like morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Maltseva
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Elena Kezlya
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Zinaida Krivova
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Gusev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Centre, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Yevhen Maltsev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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12
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Rautela A, Kumar S. Engineering plant family TPS into cyanobacterial host for terpenoids production. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1791-1803. [PMID: 35789422 PMCID: PMC9253243 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are synthesized naturally by plants as secondary metabolites, and are diverse and complex in structure with multiple applications in bioenergy, food, cosmetics, and medicine. This makes the production of terpenoids such as isoprene, β-phellandrene, farnesene, amorphadiene, and squalene valuable, owing to which their industrial demand cannot be fulfilled exclusively by plant sources. They are synthesized via the Methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) and the Mevalonate pathway (MVA), both existing in plants. The advent of genetic engineering and the latest accomplishments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering allow microbial synthesis of terpenoids. Cyanobacteria manifest to be the promising hosts for this, utilizing sunlight and CO2. Cyanobacteria possess MEP pathway to generate precursors for terpenoid synthesis. The terpenoid synthesis can be amplified by overexpressing the MEP pathway and engineering MVA pathway genes. According to the desired terpenoid, terpene synthases unique to the plant kingdom must be incorporated in cyanobacteria. Engineering an organism to be used as a cell factory comes with drawbacks such as hampered cell growth and disturbance in metabolic flux. This review set forth a comparison between MEP and MVA pathways, strategies to overexpress these pathways with their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Rautela
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Klaus O, Hilgers F, Nakielski A, Hasenklever D, Jaeger KE, Axmann IM, Drepper T. Engineering phototrophic bacteria for the production of terpenoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102764. [PMID: 35932511 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With more than 80 000 compounds, terpenoids represent one of the largest classes of secondary metabolites naturally produced by various plants and other organisms. Owing to the tremendous structural diversity, they offer a wide range of properties relevant for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. In this context, heterologous terpenoid production in engineered microbial hosts represents an often cost-effective and eco-friendly way to make these valuable compounds industrially available. This review provides an overview of current strategies to employ and engineer oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria as alternative cell factories for sustainable terpenoid production. Besides terpenoid pathway engineering, the effects of different illumination strategies on terpenoid photoproduction are key elements in the latest studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Klaus
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Nakielski
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Hasenklever
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Bio, and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ilka M Axmann
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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Strieth D. Nachhaltigkeit in der Bioverfahrenstechnik. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Strieth
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
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Recent advances in the microbial production of squalene. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:91. [PMID: 35426523 PMCID: PMC9010451 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Squalene is a triterpene hydrocarbon, a biochemical precursor for all steroids in plants and animals. It is a principal component of human surface lipids, in particular of sebum. Squalene has several applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors. It is essentially used as a dietary supplement, vaccine adjuvant, moisturizer, cardio-protective agent, anti-tumor agent and natural antioxidant. With the increased demand for squalene along with regulations on shark-derived squalene, there is a need to find alternatives for squalene production which are low-cost as well as sustainable. Microbial platforms are being considered as a potential option to meet such challenges. Considerable progress has been made using both wild-type and engineered microbial strains for improved productivity and yields of squalene. Native strains for squalene production are usually limited by low growth rates and lesser titers. Metabolic engineering, which is a rational strain engineering tool, has enabled the development of microbial strains such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica, to overproduce the squalene in high titers. This review focuses on key strain engineering strategies involving both in-silico and in-vitro techniques. Emphasis is made on gene manipulations for improved precursor pool, enzyme modifications, cofactor regeneration, up-regulation of limiting reactions, and downregulation of competing reactions during squalene production. Process strategies and challenges related to both upstream and downstream during mass cultivation are detailed.
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Kobayashi S, Atsumi S, Ikebukuro K, Sode K, Asano R. Light-induced production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol by metabolically engineered cyanobacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:7. [PMID: 34991586 PMCID: PMC8740407 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyanobacteria are engineered via heterologous biosynthetic pathways to produce value-added chemicals via photosynthesis. Various chemicals have been successfully produced in engineered cyanobacteria. Chemical inducer-dependent promoters are used to induce the expression of target biosynthetic pathway genes. A chemical inducer is not ideal for large-scale reactions owing to its high cost; therefore, it is important to develop scaling-up methods to avoid their use. In this study, we designed a green light-inducible alcohol production system using the CcaS/CcaR green light gene expression system in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803). Results To establish the green light-inducible production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB) in PCC 6803, keto-acid decarboxylase (kdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) were expressed under the control of the CcaS/CcaR system. Increases in the transcription level were induced by irradiation with red and green light without severe effects on host cell growth. We found that the production of isobutanol and 3MB from carbon dioxide (CO2) was induced under red and green light illumination and was substantially repressed under red light illumination alone. Finally, production titers of isobutanol and 3MB reached 238 mg L−1 and 75 mg L−1, respectively, in 5 days under red and green light illumination, and these values are comparable to those reported in previous studies using chemical inducers. Conclusion A green light-induced alcohol production system was successfully integrated into cyanobacteria to produce value-added chemicals without using expensive chemical inducers. The green light-regulated production of isobutanol and 3MB from CO2 is eco-friendly and cost-effective. This study demonstrates that light regulation is a potential tool for producing chemicals and increases the feasibility of cyanobacterial bioprocesses. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01732-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shota Atsumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Veerabadhran M, Natesan S, MubarakAli D, Xu S, Yang F. Using different cultivation strategies and methods for the production of microalgal biomass as a raw material for the generation of bioproducts. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131436. [PMID: 34256200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass and its fine chemical production from microalgae have pioneered algal bioprocess technology with few limitations such as lab-to-industry. However, laboratory-scale transitions and industrial applications are hindered by a plethora of limitations comprising expensive in culturing methods. Therefore, to emphasize the profitable benefits, the algal culturing techniques appropriately employed for large-scale microalgal biomass yield necessitates intricate assessment to emphasize the profitable benefits. The present review holistically compiles the culturing strategies for improving microalgal biomass production based on appropriate factors like designing better bioreactor designs. On the other hand, synthetic biology approaches for abridging the effective industrial transition success explored recently. Prospects in synthetic biology for enhanced microalgal biomass production based on cultivation strategies and various mechanistic modes approach to enrich cost-effective and viable output are discussed. The State-of-the-art culturing techniques encompassing enhancement of photosynthetic activity, designing bioreactor design, and potential augmenting protocols for biomass yield employing indoor cultivation in both (Open and or/closed) methods are enumerated. Further, limitations hindering the microalgal bioproducts development are critically evaluated for improving culturing techniques for microalgal cell factories, subsequently escalating the cost-benefit ratio in bioproducts synthesis from microalgae. The comprehensive analysis could provide a rational and deeper detailed insight for microalgal entrepreneurs through alternative culturing technology viz., synthetic biology and genome engineering in an Industrial perspective arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthanayagam Veerabadhran
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Sivakumar Natesan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Lee HJ, Choi JI, Woo HM. Biocontainment of Engineered Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 for Photosynthetic Production of α-Farnesene from CO 2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:698-703. [PMID: 33411536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biocontainment systems have been developed to mitigate the concerns regarding biosafety and environmental risk because of the possible escape of genetically modified organisms into the environment following large-scale outdoor cultivation. Here, we present a biocontainment system entailing genetically modified Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, also engineered for α-farnesene production using a de-evolutionary strategy. In this approach, the gene cluster encoding the β-carboxysome and the associated carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) were deleted in the α-farnesene-producing cyanobacteria, resulting in no cell growth and no α-farnesene production at ambient CO2 concentrations (100% air bubbling). However, cell growth and α-farnesene production were detected in the CCM-deficient strains at high CO2 concentrations (5% CO2 [v/v], 10% CO2 [v/v]), albeit at levels lower than those of the parental control. To overcome this limitation, the overexpression of carbonic anhydrase and bicarbonate transporter genes in the CCM-deficient strains restored cell growth and the production level of α-farnesene (5.0 ± 0.6 mg/L) to that of the parental control. The production of α-farnesene in the later strains strictly depended on CO2 concentration in the photobioreactor and did not rely on a chemical induction process. Thus, next generation bio-solar cell factories could be promoted with the suggested biocontainment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- BioFoundry Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- BioFoundry Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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