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Zhou S, Zhang Q, Yuan M, Yang H, Deng Y. Static and Dynamic Regulation of Precursor Supply Pathways to Enhance Raspberry Ketone Synthesis from Glucose in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39378372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Raspberry ketone (RK), a natural product derived from raspberry fruit, is commonly utilized as a flavoring agent in foods and as an active component for weight loss. Metabolic engineering has enabled microorganisms to produce RK more efficiently and cost-effectively. However, the biosynthesis of RK is hindered by an unbalanced synthetic pathway and a deficiency of precursors, including tyrosine and malonyl-CoA. In this study, we constructed and optimized the RK synthetic pathway in Escherichia coli using a static metabolic engineering strategy to enhance the biosynthesis of tyrosine from glucose, thereby achieving the de novo production of RK. Additionally, the synthetic and consumption pathways of malonyl-CoA were dynamically regulated by p-coumaric acid-responsive biosensor to balance the metabolic flux distribution between cell growth and RK biosynthesis. Following pathway optimization, the medium components and fermentation conditions were further refined, resulting in a significant increase in the RK titer to 415.56 mg/L. The optimized strain demonstrated a 32.4-fold increase in the RK titer while maintaining a comparable final OD600 to the initial strain. Overall, the implemented static and dynamic regulatory strategies provide a novel approach for the efficient production of RK, taking into account cell viability and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Manwen Yuan
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haining Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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2
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Zheng L, Zhou R, Jiang B, Chen J, Hu M, Zhang T. Permeabilized whole cells containing co-expressed cyclomaltodextrinase and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase facilitate the synthesis of nonreducing maltoheptaose (N-G7) from β-cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7061-7069. [PMID: 37337412 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maltodextrin is an important bulk ingredient in food and other industries; however, drawbacks such as uneven polymerization and high reducibility limit its utilization. Nonreducing maltoheptaose (N-G7) is a good substitute for maltodextrin owing to its single degree of polymerization and its nonreducing properties. In this study, in vitro cell factory biotransformation of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to N-G7 is demonstrated using coexpressed cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase, EC 3.2.1.54) and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase, EC 5.4.99.15). However, the cell membrane prevents β-CD from entering the cell owing to its large diameter. RESULTS The amylase-deficient permeabilized host ΔycjM-ΔmalS-ΔlpxM is utilized for the coexpression of recombinant CDase and MTSase. Deletion of lpxM effectively allows the entry of β-cyclodextrin into the cell, despite its large diameter, without requiring any relevant cell membrane permeability-promoting reagent. This results in a 28.44% increase in the efficiency of β-CD entry into the cell, thus enabling intracellular N-G7 synthesis without the extracellular secretion of recombinant CDase and MTSase. After reacting for 5.5 h, the highest purity of N-G7 (65.50%) is obtained. However, hydrolysis decreases the purity of N-G7 to 49.30%, thus resulting in a conversion rate of 40.16% for N-G7 when the reaction lasts 6 h. Precise control of reaction time is crucial for obtaining high-purity N-G7. CONCLUSION Whole-cell catalysis avoids cell fragmentation and facilitates the creation of an eco-friendly, energy-efficient biotransformation system; thus, it is a promising approach for N-G7 synthesis. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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3
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Peng H, Chen R, Shaw WM, Hapeta P, Jiang W, Bell DJ, Ellis T, Ledesma-Amaro R. Modular Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Coculture Strategies for the Production of Aromatic Compounds in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1739-1749. [PMID: 37218844 PMCID: PMC10278174 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-derived aromatics provide a sustainable and renewable alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals. In this study, we used the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce aromatic molecules by exploiting the concept of modularity in synthetic biology. Three different modular approaches were investigated for the production of the valuable fragrance raspberry ketone (RK), found in raspberry fruits and mostly produced from petrochemicals. The first strategy used was modular cloning, which enabled the generation of combinatorial libraries of promoters to optimize the expression level of the genes involved in the synthesis pathway of RK. The second strategy was modular pathway engineering and involved the creation of four modules, one for product formation: RK synthesis module (Mod. RK); and three for precursor synthesis: aromatic amino acid synthesis module (Mod. Aro), p-coumaric acid synthesis module (Mod. p-CA), and malonyl-CoA synthesis module (Mod. M-CoA). The production of RK by combinations of the expression of these modules was studied, and the best engineered strain produced 63.5 mg/L RK from glucose, which is the highest production described in yeast, and 2.1 mg RK/g glucose, which is the highest yield reported in any organism without p-coumaric acid supplementation. The third strategy was the use of modular cocultures to explore the effects of division of labor on RK production. Two two-member communities and one three-member community were created, and their production capacity was highly dependent on the structure of the synthetic community, the inoculation ratio, and the culture media. In certain conditions, the cocultures outperformed their monoculture controls for RK production, although this was not the norm. Interestingly, the cocultures showed up to 7.5-fold increase and 308.4 mg/L of 4-hydroxy benzalacetone, the direct precursor of RK, which can be used for the semi-synthesis of RK. This study illustrates the utility of modularity in synthetic biology tools and their applications to the synthesis of products of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Peng
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- College
of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - William M. Shaw
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Piotr Hapeta
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - David J. Bell
- SynbiCITE
Innovation and Knowledge Centre, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Tom Ellis
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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4
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Cui G, Bi X, Lu S, Jiang Z, Deng Y. A Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli for Potential Utilization in Fungal Smut Disease Control. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1564. [PMID: 37375066 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporisorium scitamineum, the basidiomycetous fungus that causes sugarcane smut and leads to severe losses in sugarcane quantity and quality, undergoes sexual mating to form dikaryotic hyphae capable of invading the host cane. Therefore, suppressing dikaryotic hyphae formation would potentially be an effective way to prevent host infection by the smut fungus, and the following disease symptom developments. The phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been shown to induce plant defenses against insects and microbial pathogens. In this study, we will verify that the exogenous addition of MeJA-suppressed dikaryotic hyphae formation in S. scitamineum and Ustilago maydis under in vitro culture conditions, and the maize smut symptom caused by U. maydis, could be effectively suppressed by MeJA in a pot experiment. We constructed an Escherichia coli-expressing plant JMT gene, encoding a jasmonic acid carboxyl methyl transferase that catalyzes conversion from jasmonic acid (JA) to MeJA. By GC-MS, we will confirm that the transformed E. coli, designated as the pJMT strain, was able to produce MeJA in the presence of JA and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM as methyl donor). Furthermore, the pJMT strain was able to suppress S. scitamineum filamentous growth under in vitro culture conditions. It waits to further optimize JMT expression under field conditions in order to utilize the pJMT strain as a biocontrol agent (BCA) of sugarcane smut disease. Overall, our study provides a potentially novel method for controlling crop fungal diseases by boosting phytohormone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Cui
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Henry Fork School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinping Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Ago-Bioresouces Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zide Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yizhen Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Liu C, Li S. Engineered biosynthesis of plant polyketides by type III polyketide synthases in microorganisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1017190. [PMID: 36312548 PMCID: PMC9614166 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1017190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites occupy unique therapeutic niches in human medicine. A large family of plant specialized metabolites, namely plant polyketides, exhibit diverse and remarkable pharmaceutical properties and thereby great biomanufacturing potential. A growing body of studies has focused on plant polyketide synthesis using plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), such as flavonoids, stilbenes, benzalacetones, curcuminoids, chromones, acridones, xanthones, and pyrones. Microbial expression of plant type III PKSs and related biosynthetic pathways in workhorse microorganisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Yarrowia lipolytica, have led to the complete biosynthesis of multiple plant polyketides, such as flavonoids and stilbenes, from simple carbohydrates using different metabolic engineering approaches. Additionally, advanced biosynthesis techniques led to the biosynthesis of novel and complex plant polyketides synthesized by diversified type III PKSs. This review will summarize efforts in the past 10 years in type III PKS-catalyzed natural product biosynthesis in microorganisms, especially the complete biosynthesis strategies and achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sijin Li
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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6
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Hu S, Li Y, Zhang A, Li H, Chen K, Ouyang P. Designing of an Efficient Whole-Cell Biocatalyst System for Converting L-Lysine Into Cis-3-Hydroxypipecolic Acid. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:945184. [PMID: 35832817 PMCID: PMC9271919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.945184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis-3-hydroxypipecolic acid (cis-3-HyPip), a key structural component of tetrapeptide antibiotic GE81112, which has attracted substantial attention for its broad antimicrobial properties and unique ability to inhibit bacterial translation initiation. In this study, a combined strategy to increase the productivity of cis-3-HyPip was investigated. First, combinatorial optimization of the ribosomal binding site (RBS) sequence was performed to tune the gene expression translation rates of the pathway enzymes. Next, in order to reduce the addition of the co-substrate α-ketoglutarate (2-OG), the major engineering strategy was to reconstitute the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle of Escherichia coli to force the metabolic flux to go through GetF catalyzed reaction for 2-OG to succinate conversion, a series of engineered strains were constructed by the deletion of the relevant genes. In addition, the metabolic flux (gltA and icd) was improved and glucose concentrations were optimized to enhance the supply and catalytic efficiency of continuous 2-OG supply powered by glucose. Finally, under optimal conditions, the cis-3-HyPip titer of the best strain catalysis reached 33 mM, which was remarkably higher than previously reported.
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7
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Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-N-Boc-3-Hydroxypiperidine by Coexpressing Ketoreductase and Glucose Dehydrogenase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine is an important intermediate of the anticancer drug ibrutinib and is mainly synthesized by the asymmetric reduction catalyzed by ketoreductase coupled with glucose dehydrogenase at present. In this study, the coexpression recombinant strains E. coli/pET28-K-rbs-G with single promoter and E. coli/pETDuet-K-G with double promoters were first constructed for the coexpression of ketoreductase and glucose dehydrogenase in the same cell. Then, the catalytic efficiency of E. coli/pET28-K-rbs-G for synthesizing (S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine was found to be higher than that of E. coli/pETDuet-K-G due to the more balanced activity ratio and higher catalytic activity. On this basis, the catalytic conditions of E. coli/pET28-K-rbs-G were further optimized, and finally both the conversion of the reaction and the optical purity of the product were higher than 99%. In the end, the cell-free extract was proved to be a better catalyst than the whole cell with the improved catalytic efficiency of different recombinant strains. This study developed a better coexpression strategy for ketoreductase and glucose dehydrogenase by investigating the effect of activity ratios and forms of the biocatalysts on the catalytic efficiency deeply, which provided a research basis for the efficient synthesis of chiral compounds.
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8
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Heo KT, Park KW, Won J, Lee B, Jang JH, Ahn JO, Hwang BY, Hong YS. Construction of an Artificial Biosynthetic Pathway for Zingerone Production in Escherichia coli Using Benzalacetone Synthase from Piper methysticum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14620-14629. [PMID: 34812612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zingerone (vanillylacetone; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethyl methyl ketone) is a key component responsible for the pungency of ginger (Zingiber officinale). In this study, it was confirmed that a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) gene (pmpks) from Piper methysticum exhibits feruloyl-CoA-preferred benzalacetone synthase (BAS) activity. Based on these results, we constructed an artificial biosynthetic pathway for zingerone production from supplemented ferulic acid with 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), PmPKS, and benzalacetone reductase (BAR). Furthermore, a de novo pathway for the production of zingerone was assembled using six heterologous genes, encoding tyrosine ammonia-lyase (optal), cinnamate-4-hydroxlase (sam5), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (com), 4CL (4cl2nt), BAS (pmpks), and BAR (rzs1), in Escherichia coli. Using the engineered l-tyrosine-overproducing E. coli ΔCOS4 strain as a host, a maximum yield of 24.03 ± 2.53 mg/L zingerone was achieved by complete de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Taek Heo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, CheongJu-si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, CheongJu-si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Won
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, CheongJu-si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsan Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, CheongJu-si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, CheongJu-si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Oh Ahn
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, CheongJu-si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Hong
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, CheongJu-si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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9
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Moore SJ, Tosi T, Bell D, Hleba YB, Polizzi KM, Freemont PS. High-yield 'one-pot' biosynthesis of raspberry ketone, a high-value fine chemical. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2021; 6:ysab021. [PMID: 34712844 PMCID: PMC8546603 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free extract and purified enzyme-based systems provide an attractive solution to study biosynthetic strategies towards a range of chemicals. 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one, also known as raspberry ketone, is the major fragrance component of raspberry fruit and is used as a natural additive in the food and sports industry. Current industrial processing of the natural form of raspberry ketone involves chemical extraction from a yield of ∼1–4 mg kg−1 of fruit. Due to toxicity, microbial production provides only low yields of up to 5–100 mg L−1. Herein, we report an efficient cell-free strategy to probe into a synthetic enzyme pathway that converts either L-tyrosine or the precursor, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-buten-2-one, into raspberry ketone at up to 100% conversion. As part of this strategy, it is essential to recycle inexpensive cofactors. Specifically, the final enzyme step in the pathway is catalyzed by raspberry ketone/zingerone synthase (RZS1), an NADPH-dependent double bond reductase. To relax cofactor specificity towards NADH, the preferred cofactor for cell-free biosynthesis, we identify a variant (G191D) with strong activity with NADH. We implement the RZS1 G191D variant within a ‘one-pot’ cell-free reaction to produce raspberry ketone at high-yield (61 mg L−1), which provides an alternative route to traditional microbial production. In conclusion, our cell-free strategy complements the growing interest in engineering synthetic enzyme cascades towards industrially relevant value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Moore
- Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Tommaso Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - David Bell
- Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Yonek B Hleba
- Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Karen M Polizzi
- Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Paul S Freemont
- Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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10
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Yin Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Luo Z, Xiao Q, Xie T, Pei X, Gao P, Wang A. Efficiently Enantioselective Hydrogenation Photosynthesis of ( R)-1-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethanol over a CLEs-TiO 2 Bioinorganic Hybrid Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41454-41463. [PMID: 34431298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of biological pathways with man-made materials provides inspiring blueprints for sustainable drug production. (R)-1-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol [(R)-3,5-BTPE], as an important artificial chiral intermediate for complicated pharmaceutical drugs and biologically active molecules, is often synthesized through a hydrogenation reaction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone (3,5-BTAP), in which enantioselectivity and sufficient active hydrogen are the key to restricting the reaction. In this work, a biohybrid photocatalytic hydrogenation system based on an artificial cross-linked enzymes (CLEs)-TiO2-Cp*Rh(bpy) photoenzyme is developed through a bottom-up engineering strategy. Here, TiO2 nanotubes in the presence of Cp*Rh(bpy) are used to transform NADP+ to NADPH during the formation of chiral alcohol intermediates from the catalytic reduction of a ketone substrate by alcohol dehydrogenase CLEs. Hydrogen and electrons, provided by water and photocatalytic systems, respectively, are transferred to reduce NADP+ to NADPH via [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+. With the resulting NADPH, [(R)-3,5-BTPE] is synthesized using our efficient CLEs obtained from the cell lysate by nonstandard amino acid modification. Through this biohybrid photocatalytic system, the photoenzyme-catalyzed combined reductive synthesis of [(R)-3,5-BTPE] has a yield of 41.2% after reaction for 24 h and a very high enantiomeric excess value (>99.99%). In the case of reuse, this biohybrid system retained nearly 95% of its initial catalytic activity for synthesizing the above chiral alcohol. The excellent reusability of the CLEs and TiO2 nanotubes hybrid catalytic materials highlights the environmental friendliness of (R)-3,5-BTPE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Yin
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
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Becker A, Böttcher D, Katzer W, Siems K, Müller-Kuhrt L, Bornscheuer UT. An ADH toolbox for raspberry ketone production from natural resources via a biocatalytic cascade. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4189-4197. [PMID: 33988735 PMCID: PMC8140976 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Raspberry ketone is a widely used flavor compound in food and cosmetic industry. Several processes for its biocatalytic production have already been described, but either with the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or incomplete conversion of the variety of precursors that are available in nature. Such natural precursors are rhododendrol glycosides with different proportions of (R)- and (S)-rhododendrol depending on the origin. After hydrolysis of these rhododendrol glycosides, the formed rhododendrol enantiomers have to be oxidized to obtain the final product raspberry ketone. To be able to achieve a high conversion with different starting material, we assembled an alcohol dehydrogenase toolbox that can be accessed depending on the optical purity of the intermediate rhododendrol. This is demonstrated by converting racemic rhododendrol using a combination of (R)- and (S)-selective alcohol dehydrogenases together with a universal cofactor recycling system. Furthermore, we conducted a biocatalytic cascade reaction starting from naturally derived rhododendrol glycosides by the use of a glucosidase and an alcohol dehydrogenase to produce raspberry ketone in high yield. Key points • LB-ADH, LK-ADH and LS-ADH oxidize (R)-rhododendrol • RR-ADH and ADH1E oxidize (S)-rhododendrol • Raspberry ketone production via glucosidase and alcohol dehydrogenases from a toolbox Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11332-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Becker
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dominique Böttcher
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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