1
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Wang Y, Bednarcik M, Ament C, Cheever ML, Cummings S, Geng T, Gunasekara DB, Houston N, Kouba K, Liu Z, Shippar J. Immunoassays and Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Protein Concentrations in Genetically Modified Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72. [PMID: 38607999 PMCID: PMC11046482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying protein levels in genetically modified (GM) crops is crucial in every phase of development, deregulation, and seed production. Immunoassays, particularly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, have been the primary protein quantitation techniques for decades within the industry due to their efficiency, adaptability, and credibility. Newer immunoassay technologies like Meso Scale Discovery and Luminex offer enhanced sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. While mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used for small molecules and protein detection in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries (e.g., biomarkers, endogenous allergens), its use in quantifying protein levels in GM crops has been limited. However, as trait portfolios for GM crop have expanded, MS has been increasingly adopted due to its comparable sensitivity, increased specificity, and multiplexing capabilities. This review contrasts the benefits and limitations of immunoassays and MS technologies for protein measurement in GM crops, considering factors such as cost, convenience, and specific analytical needs. Ultimately, both techniques are suitable for assessing protein concentrations in GM crops, with MS offering complementary capabilities to immunoassays. This comparison aims to provide insights into selecting between these techniques based on the user's end point needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Bayer
CropScience, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Mark Bednarcik
- Syngenta
Crop Protection, Limited Liability Company, 9 Davis Drive, Post Office Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2257, United
States
| | - Christopher Ament
- Eurofins
Food Chemistry Testing Madison, Incorporated, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Matthew L. Cheever
- BASF
Corporation, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Simone Cummings
- Syngenta
Crop Protection, Limited Liability Company, 9 Davis Drive, Post Office Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2257, United
States
| | - Tao Geng
- Bayer
CropScience, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Dulan B. Gunasekara
- BASF
Corporation, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Norma Houston
- Corteva
Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa 50131, United States
| | - Kristen Kouba
- Corteva
Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa 50131, United States
| | - Zi Liu
- Bayer
CropScience, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Jeffrey Shippar
- Eurofins
Food Chemistry Testing Madison, Incorporated, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
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2
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He S, Zhou F. Characterization of T-Cell Epitopes in Food Allergens by Bioinformatic Tools. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2717:77-99. [PMID: 37737979 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3453-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The identification of T-cell epitopes is a critical step in the understanding of the immunologic mechanisms such as food allergy. Epitope screening in silico by bioinformatic tools can be used to identify T-cell epitopes, which can save time and resources. In this chapter, a multiparametric approach to predict and assess major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding T-cell epitopes using bioinformatics was introduced for food allergens. Furthermore, the ability of predicted T-cell epitopes to induce interleukin (IL)-4, as well as the allergenicity potential based on the sequence analysis and population coverage of epitopes were also determined. The molecular docking approach was further used to explore the binding ability between epitopes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules. The amino acids that might be responsible for binding to HLA class II molecules and their binding interactions were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Fanlin Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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3
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Dramburg S, Hilger C, Santos AF, de Las Vecillas L, Aalberse RC, Acevedo N, Aglas L, Altmann F, Arruda KL, Asero R, Ballmer-Weber B, Barber D, Beyer K, Biedermann T, Bilo MB, Blank S, Bosshard PP, Breiteneder H, Brough HA, Bublin M, Campbell D, Caraballo L, Caubet JC, Celi G, Chapman MD, Chruszcz M, Custovic A, Czolk R, Davies J, Douladiris N, Eberlein B, Ebisawa M, Ehlers A, Eigenmann P, Gadermaier G, Giovannini M, Gomez F, Grohman R, Guillet C, Hafner C, Hamilton RG, Hauser M, Hawranek T, Hoffmann HJ, Holzhauser T, Iizuka T, Jacquet A, Jakob T, Janssen-Weets B, Jappe U, Jutel M, Kalic T, Kamath S, Kespohl S, Kleine-Tebbe J, Knol E, Knulst A, Konradsen JR, Korošec P, Kuehn A, Lack G, Le TM, Lopata A, Luengo O, Mäkelä M, Marra AM, Mills C, Morisset M, Muraro A, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Nugraha R, Ollert M, Palosuo K, Pastorello EA, Patil SU, Platts-Mills T, Pomés A, Poncet P, Potapova E, Poulsen LK, Radauer C, Radulovic S, Raulf M, Rougé P, Sastre J, Sato S, Scala E, Schmid JM, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Schrama D, Sénéchal H, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Valverde-Monge M, van Hage M, van Ree R, Verhoeckx K, Vieths S, Wickman M, Zakzuk J, Matricardi PM, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34 Suppl 28:e13854. [PMID: 37186333 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding the immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis and management depend strongly on the precise identification of the elicitors of the IgE-mediated allergic reaction. In the past four decades, innovations in bioscience and technology have facilitated the identification and production of well-defined, highly pure molecules for component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), allowing a personalized diagnosis and management of the allergic disease for individual patients. The first edition of the "EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide" (MAUG) in 2016 rapidly became a key reference for clinicians, scientists, and interested readers with a background in allergology, immunology, biology, and medicine. Nevertheless, the field of molecular allergology is moving fast, and after 6 years, a new EAACI Taskforce was established to provide an updated document. The Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 summarizes state-of-the-art information on allergen molecules, their clinical relevance, and their application in diagnostic algorithms for clinical practice. It is designed for both, clinicians and scientists, guiding health care professionals through the overwhelming list of different allergen molecules available for testing. Further, it provides diagnostic algorithms on the clinical relevance of allergenic molecules and gives an overview of their biology, the basic mechanisms of test formats, and the application of tests to measure allergen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rob C Aalberse
- Sanquin Research, Dept Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla L Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brasil, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Diez (IMMAND), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Beatrice Bilo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Allergy Unit Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dianne Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Jean Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Celi
- Centro DH Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica ASST- MANTOVA (MN), Mantova, Italy
| | | | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Janet Davies
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Emergency Operations Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anna Ehlers
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Eigenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Allergy Unit IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy research RETIC ARADyAL, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rebecca Grohman
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Internal Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carole Guillet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Hawranek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Tomona Iizuka
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Bente Janssen-Weets
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Dept. of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tanja Kalic
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Sandip Kamath
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sabine Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr- Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward Knol
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - André Knulst
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jon R Konradsen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy-My Le
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olga Luengo
- RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mika Mäkelä
- Division of Allergy, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Department, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre, Department of Woman and Child Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roni Nugraha
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kati Palosuo
- Department of Allergology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sarita Ulhas Patil
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Platts-Mills
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Pascal Poncet
- Institut Pasteur, Immunology Department, Paris, France
- Allergy & Environment Research Team Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Suzana Radulovic
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr- Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sakura Sato
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Scala
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI- IRCCS, Fondazione L M Monti Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes M Schmid
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Denise Schrama
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hélène Sénéchal
- Allergy & Environment Research Team Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcela Valverde-Monge
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Verhoeckx
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Paolo M Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Pi X, Liu J, Sun Y, Sun X, Sun Z, Cheng J, Guo M. Investigation of the differences in the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and proanthocyanidins on the functionality and allergenicity of soybean protein isolate. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100566. [PMID: 36845520 PMCID: PMC9945447 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the differences in effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and proanthocyanidins (PC) on the functionality and allergenicity of soybean protein isolate (SPI) were studied. SDS-PAGE demonstrated that SPI-PC conjugates exhibited more high-molecular-weight polymers (>180 kDa) than SPI-EGCG conjugates. Structural analysis showed that SPI-PC conjugates exhibited more disordered structures and protein-unfolding, improving the accessibility of PC to modify SPI, compared to SPI-EGCG conjugates. LC/MS-MS demonstrated that PC caused more modification of SPI and major soybean allergens than EGCG, resulting in a lower abundance of epitopes. The successful attachment of EGCG and PC to SPI significantly increased antioxidant capacity in conjugates. Furthermore, SPI-PC conjugates exhibited greater emulsifying activity and lower immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding capacity than SPI-EGCG conjugates, which was attributed to more disordered structure and protein-unfolding in SPI-PC conjugates. It is implied that proanthocyanidins may be promising compounds to interact with soybean proteins to produce functional and hypoallergenic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Pi
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jiafei Liu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yuxue Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China,Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China,Corresponding authors at: Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, China.
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, United States,Corresponding authors at: Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, China.
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5
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Characterization of the improved functionality in soybean protein-proanthocyanidins conjugates prepared by the alkali treatment. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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6
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Filep SC, Reid Black K, Smith BRE, Block DS, Kuklinska-Pijanka A, Bermingham M, Oliver MA, Thorpe CM, Schuhmacher ZP, Agah S, Wuenschmann S, Chapman MD. Simultaneous quantification of specific food allergen proteins using a fluorescent multiplex array. Food Chem 2022; 389:132986. [PMID: 35569245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to develop a fluorescent multiplex array for simultaneously measuring regulated food allergens using specific allergen protein molecules from peanut, tree nut, cow's milk, egg, soy, fish, shellfish, sesame, mustard and celery. Microspheres coupled to specific monoclonal antibodies were used for allergen detection, with purified allergens as reference standards.Standard curves for 17 allergens covered a 5-log dynamic range. Intra- and inter-assay acceptance criteria were within 70-130% recovery and a CV of ≤15%. Food reference materials contained high levels of their respective major allergens (2000-175,000 µg/g), Similar high allergen levels were found in 10 selected foods analysed using a 9-plex array. Egg, milk, peanut, hazelnut and walnut allergens were detectable in chocolate bars with incurred allergens at 3, 10, 30, and 100 ppm. The multiplex array is an efficient tool for measuring specific food allergens, with applications for risk assessment and standardization of therapeutic products for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise S Block
- InBio, Food Science Group, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sayeh Agah
- InBio, Food Science Group, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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7
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Xi J, Yao L, Fan Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Duan Y. Establishment of DAS-ELISA for the detection of antigenic changes in glycinin after heat processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:1090-1095. [PMID: 35381285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) method was established to detect the antigenic changes of thermally processed products containing glycinin. The proposed DAS-ELISA method used heat-treated antigen-absorbing antiserum as the coating antibody, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled rabbit anti-glycinin polyclonal antibody as the detection antibody. The specificity test results which were obtained using the proposed method indicated that good specificity had been achieved. The cut-off value was 0.388, and the LOD was determined to be 19.53 ng/mL. The coefficient of variation was less than 5.25% (intra-day) and 9.50% (inter-day). In this study's milk powder addition test, the recovery rate of the glycinin ranged between 83.65% and 90.13%. The established DAS-ELISA method was also used to detect soybean thermal processing products, such as soy sauce, steamed fish and soy sauce, soybean paste, beef sauce, soy milk powder, and tofu. The results showed that the OD450 values of the aforementioned products were lower than the OD450 values of the glycinin in defatted soybean flour. Therefore, it was indicated that the above products has undergone different degrees of thermal processing. In other words, the majority of the epitopes of glycinin in the products had been destroyed by the thermal processing and could not be combined with heat-treated antigen-absorbing antiserum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Lili Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuhan Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuying Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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8
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Development and Validation of a Specific Sandwich ELISA for Determination of Soybean Allergens and Its Application in Processed Foods. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Pi X, Sun Y, Deng X, Xin D, Cheng J, Guo M. Characterization of the Reduced IgE Binding Capacity in Boiled and Autoclaved Soybeans through Proteomic Approaches. Foods 2022; 11:479. [PMID: 35159629 PMCID: PMC8834289 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the changes in IgE binding capacity, protein profiles and peptide compositions after soybeans were boiled and autoclaved. The results of ELISA showed that the IgE binding capacity of soybean was reduced by 69.3% and 88.9% after boiling and autoclaving, respectively. Above 43 and 10 kDa proteins disappeared in boiled and autoclaved soybeans from SDS-PAGE, respectively. A Venn diagram and heat map showed that there was no change in allergen types and a reduction in allergen contents in the boiled and autoclaved soybeans. The changes in peptide compositions were also observed in the boiled and autoclaved soybeans through Venn diagram, PCA and heat map. LC/MS-MS and peptide mapping analysis demonstrated that boiling and autoclaving masked many epitopes in Gly m 4 and Gly m 5, such as ALVTDADNVIPK, SVENVEGNGGPGTIKK and KITFLEDGETK of Gly m 4 and VEKEECEEGEIPRPRPRPQHPER of Gly m 5, resulting in a reduction of IgE binding capacity in the extracted proteins. By contrast, the exposure of many epitopes in Gly m 6 was observed in boiled and autoclaved soybeans, which might be mainly responsible for the existing IgE binding capacity in the treated soybean proteins. Interestingly, the IgE binding capacity of soybeans showed a positive correlation with the total contents and number of peptides in Gly m 4-Gly m 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Pi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.P.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (D.X.)
| | - Yuxue Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.P.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.P.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (D.X.)
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.P.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (D.X.)
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.P.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (D.X.)
| | - Mingruo Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.P.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (D.X.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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10
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Zhou F, He S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Sun H, Liu Q. Prediction and characterization of the T cell epitopes for the major soybean protein allergens using bioinformatics approaches. Proteins 2022; 90:418-434. [PMID: 34486167 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein allergens is a health risk for consumption of soybeans. To understand allerginicity mechanism, T cell epitopes of 7 soybean allergens were predicted and screened by abilities to induce cytokine interleukin (IL) 4. The relationships among amino acid composition, properties, allergenicity, and pepsin hydrolysis sites were analyzed. Among the 138 T cell epitopes identified, YIKDVFRVIPSEVLS, KDVFRVIPSEVLSNS, DVFRVIPSEVLSNSY of Gly m 6.0501 (P04347), and AKADALFKAIEAYLL, ADALFKAIEAYLLAH of Gly m 4.0101 (P26987) were the most possible epitope candidates. In T cell epitopes pattern, the frequencies of amino acids Q, D, E, P, and G decreased, while F, I, N, V, K, H, A, L, and S increased. Hydrophobic residues at positions p1 and p2 and positively charged residues in positions p13 might contribute to allergenicity. Most of epitopes could be hydrolyzed by pepsin into small polypeptides within 12 residues length, and the anti-digestive epitope regions contained I, V, S, N, and Q residues. T cell epitopes EEQRQQEGVIVELSK from Gly m 5.03 (P25974) showed resistance to pepsin hydrolysis and would cause a higher Th2 cell response. This research provides basis for the development of hypoallergenic soybean products in the soybean industry as well as for the immunotherapy design for protein allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shudong He
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- IPREM, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hanju Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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11
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Pi X, Sun Y, Fu G, Wu Z, Cheng J. Effect of processing on soybean allergens and their allergenicity. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Xi J, Yu Q. The development of lateral flow immunoassay strip tests based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with gold nanoparticles for the rapid detection of soybean allergen β-conglycinin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118640. [PMID: 32659701 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
β-Conglycinin is an important storage protein in soybean, which can potentially cause food allergies in human. In this study, a sensitive mouse monoclonal antibody (3D11 mAb) with a high affinity was prepared, and sandwich lateral flow immunochromatographic detection strips were developed for the rapid detections of the soybean allergen β-conglycinin. The 3D11 mAb was combined with a rabbit polyclonal antibody in order to establish strips. The titer of 3D11 mAb was 1:2.56 × 105. The affinity constant of the 3D11 mAb was 9.6 × 109. The lowest detection limit with the naked eye of the double antibody sandwich strips was 1 μg/mL. In addition, chemical molecules p-aminothiophenol with colloidal gold were used as Raman enhancement signals in order to achieve quantitative detections of the β-conglycinin. It was determined in this study that the practical working range of the β-conglycinin concentrations was between 160 ng/mL and 100 μg/mL with the developed assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qiurong Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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13
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A. Review of New Trends in the Analysis of Allergenic Residues in Foods and Cosmetic Products. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:997-1028. [PMID: 33241349 PMCID: PMC8370415 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies represent an important health problem in industrialized countries. Allergen sensitization is an important risk factor for the development of allergic diseases; thus, the identification of an individual's allergen sensitization is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. OBJECTIVE This review compares different modern methods applied for the analysis of allergens in various matrices (from 2015 to the end of September 2019). CONCLUSIONS Immunological methods are still most frequently used for detection of allergens. These methods are sensitive, but the lack of specificity and cross-reaction of some antibodies can still be a relevant source of errors. DNA-based methods are fast and reliable for determination of protein allergens, but the epitopes of protein allergens with posttranslational modifications and their changes, originated during various processing, cannot be identified through the use of this method. Methods based on application of biosensors are very rapid and easy to use, and can be readily implemented as screening methods to monitor allergens. Recent developments of new high-resolution MS instruments are encouraging and enable development in the analysis of allergens. Fast, very sensitive, reliable, and accurate detection and quantification of allergens in complex samples can be used in the near future. Mass spectrometry coupled with LC, GC, or electrophoretic methods bring additional advances in allergen analysis. The use of LC-MS or LC-MS/MS for the quantitative detection of allergens in various matrices is at present gaining acceptance as a protein-based confirmatory technique over the routinely performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Physical Chemistry, 4A Chodzki Street, Lublin, Poland, 20-093
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, 4A Chodzki Street, Lublin, Poland, 20-093
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14
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Smirnova NI, Zvereva EA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Development of Immunoenzyme Assay for Detection of Soybean Raw Material in Food Products. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Vanga SK, Wang J, Singh A, Raghavan V. Simulations of Temperature and Pressure Unfolding in Soy Allergen Gly m 4 Using Molecular Modeling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12547-12557. [PMID: 31613616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at understanding the changes in the structural properties of Gly m 4 soy allergen as a result of the influence of the temperature and pressure deviations. The primary emphasis was placed on analyzing the surface properties of suspected linear and conformational epitopes present in the Gly m 4 allergen. All three epitopes of Gly m 4 were studied, and the results showed that the molecule has significant structural changes in terms of solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and radius of gyration, which showed that the increased pressures resulted in compaction. However, at lower temperatures and higher pressures (300 K and 6 kbar), swelling in the molecule was observed with a significant increase in the surface area. The study also tracked the changes in surface areas of individual residues that are part of the selected epitopes. Residues, such as D-27 and T-51, were found to have significant changes in their SASA as a result of temperature and pressure deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences , McGill University , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue , Québec H9X 3V9 , Canada
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences , McGill University , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue , Québec H9X 3V9 , Canada
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Engineering , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences , McGill University , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue , Québec H9X 3V9 , Canada
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16
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Santos da Silva E, Marques Ponte JC, Barbosa da Silva M, Silva Pinheiro C, Carvalho Pacheco LG, Ferreira F, Briza P, Alcantara-Neves NM. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Allergen Variability among Breeds of the Dust Mite Blomia tropicalis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:159-172. [PMID: 31563904 DOI: 10.1159/000501964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dawn of the "omics" technologies has changed allergy research, increasing the knowledge and identification of new allergens. However, these studies have been almost restricted to Dermatophagoides spp. Although Blomia tropicalis has long been established as a clinically important source of allergens, a thorough proteomic characterization is still lacking for this dust mite. OBJECTIVE To increase knowledge of B. tropicalis allergens through proteomic analysis. METHODS Eleven in-bred lineages of B. tropicalis were obtained from 11 unique different pregnant females. Their somatic extracts were analyzed and compared with a commercially available extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Considerable differences in the protein expression profiles were found among the breeds, and most of them displayed higher expression levels of major allergens than the commercially available extract. Blo t 2 was the most prominent allergenic protein in the analyzed extracts. Six identified allergens and 14 isoforms have not yet been recognized by IUIS. Conversely, 3 previously recognized B. tropicalis allergens were not found. CONCLUSIONS The clear impact of inbreeding on allergen content shown by our study leads us to conclude that the quantification and/or identification of allergens from in-bred lines should be routinely considered for mite cultivation in order to select breeds with higher amounts of major allergens. In this sense, LC-MS/MS may be a useful method to achieve this quality control for research and commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Natal, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Marques Ponte
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Márcia Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carina Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Carvalho Pacheco
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Neuza Maria Alcantara-Neves
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Natal, Brazil,
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17
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Islam N, Bates PD, Maria John KM, Krishnan HB, J Zhang Z, Luthria DL, Natarajan SS. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Low Linolenic Acid Transgenic Soybean Reveals Perturbations of Fatty Acid Metabolic Pathways. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800379. [PMID: 30784187 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effect of fatty acid desaturase gene (GmFAD3) silencing on perturbation of fatty acid (FA) metabolic pathways, the changes are compared in protein profiling in control and low linolenic acid transgenic soybeans using tandem mass tag based mass spectrometry. Protein profiling of the transgenic line unveiled changes in several key enzymes of FA metabolism. This includes enzymes of lower abundance; fabH, fabF, and thioestrase associated with FA initiation, elongation, and desaturation processes and LOX1_5, ACOX, ACAA1, MFP2 associated with β-oxidation of α-linolenic acids pathways. In addition, the GmFAD3 silencing results in a significant reduction in one of the major allergens, Gly m 4 (C6T3L5). These results are important for exploring how plants adjust in their biological processes when certain changes are induced in the genetic makeup. A complete understanding of these processes will aid researchers to alter genes for developing value-added soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - K M Maria John
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, BHNRC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, BHNRC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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19
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Yoshimitsu M, Kiyota K, Kajimura K, Yamano T. Development of an LC-MS/MS-based analytical method for quantification of soybean allergen Gly m 4 in soybean grains and processed foods. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1540553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoshimitsu
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kiyota
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Kajimura
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamano
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Speranskaya AS, Krinitsina AA, Shipulin GA, Khafizov KF, Logacheva MD. High-Throughput Sequencing for the Authentication of Food Products: Problems and Perspectives. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418090132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Lv R, Chen Y, Xia N, Liang Y, He Q, Li M, Qi Z, Lu Y, Zhao S. Development of a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for rapid detection to C-peptide in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:179-184. [PMID: 30261444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
C-peptide level is recognized as an important indicator of diabetes diagnosis. A sensitive and specific double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of C-peptide based on double antibody sandwich method was studied in this paper. The rabbit and hen were innunized with PLL-C-peptide and BSA-C-peptide respectively to obtain specific Yolk antibody (IgY) and polyclonal antibody used to construct the sandwich ELISA for the measurement of C-peptide. The limit of detection was 0.51 μg/mL and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 3.26 μg/mL. The method developed in the study showed no evident cross-reactivity with other similar analogs. The detection standard curve of C-peptide exhibited a good linearity (R2 = 0.9896, n = 15). 17 types of the urine of diabetes patients on c-peptide levels compared with the hospital type of diabetes information, with a conclusion of a high consistent rate. Therefore, the methods could be selectively used for rapid screening of C-peptide in human urine, and the type of diabetes has some referential significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nana Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minyou Li
- Guangzhou Jinde Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongxian Qi
- Guangzhou Jinde Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yeyu Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Hill RC, Wang X, Schafer BW, Gampala SS, Herman RA. Measurement of lipid transfer proteins in genetically engineered maize using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). GM CROPS & FOOD 2017; 8:239-252. [PMID: 28758829 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2017.1349602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous allergenicity evaluation is a required part of the risk assessment for genetically engineered (GE) crops. Although maize is not considered a major allergenic food, a lipid transfer protein (Zea m 14) in maize grain has been identified as a potential IgE-mediated food allergen. Currently, the relationship between allergen exposure and risk of sensitization is not well understood. Hence, reliable quantitative methods are useful for determining the natural range and variability of allergen levels across multiple geographies and genetic backgrounds. A LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated in our laboratory to quantify Zea m 14 in grain from 2 GE maize hybrids and 20 non-GE maize hybrids. The measured Zea m 14 levels in GE maize grain and conventional non-GE maize grain ranged from 146.87 to 574.93 ng/mg across 16 field sites located in the United States and Argentina. The method accurately quantified endogenous Zea m 14 from maize grain and results show Zea m 14 levels in the GE maize varieties were within the natural variation observed in traditionally bred non-GE maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Hill
- a Dow AgroSciences LLC , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- a Dow AgroSciences LLC , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | | | | | - Rod A Herman
- a Dow AgroSciences LLC , Indianapolis , IN , USA
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Hill RC, Oman TJ, Wang X, Shan G, Schafer B, Herman RA, Tobias R, Shippar J, Malayappan B, Sheng L, Xu A, Bradshaw J. Development, Validation, and Interlaboratory Evaluation of a Quantitative Multiplexing Method To Assess Levels of Ten Endogenous Allergens in Soybean Seed and Its Application to Field Trials Spanning Three Growing Seasons. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5531-5544. [PMID: 28635260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
As part of the regulatory approval process in Europe, comparison of endogenous soybean allergen levels between genetically engineered (GE) and non-GE plants has been requested. A quantitative multiplex analytical method using tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated to measure 10 potential soybean allergens from soybean seed. The analytical method was implemented at six laboratories to demonstrate the robustness of the method and further applied to three soybean field studies across multiple growing seasons (including 21 non-GE soybean varieties) to assess the natural variation of allergen levels. The results show environmental factors contribute more than genetic factors to the large variation in allergen abundance (2- to 50-fold between environmental replicates) as well as a large contribution of Gly m 5 and Gly m 6 to the total allergen profile, calling into question the scientific rational for measurement of endogenous allergen levels between GE and non-GE varieties in the safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Hill
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Trent J Oman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Guomin Shan
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Barry Schafer
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Rod A Herman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Rowel Tobias
- EAG Laboratories , 4780 Discovery Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Jeff Shippar
- Covance Laboratories , 3301 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Bhaskar Malayappan
- Critical Path Services LLC , 3070 McCann Farm Drive, Garnet Valley, Pennsylvania 19060, United States
| | - Li Sheng
- EPL Bioanalytical Services , 9095 W. Harristown Blvd, Niantic, Illinois 62551, United States
| | - Austin Xu
- Primera Analytical Solutions , 259 Wall Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jason Bradshaw
- Pyxant Laboratories , 4720 Forge Road #106, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907, United States
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24
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Enzyme-controlled dissolution of MnO2 nanoflakes with enzyme cascade amplification for colorimetric immunoassay. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:645-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Selb R, Wal JM, Moreno FJ, Lovik M, Mills C, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Fernandez A. Assessment of endogenous allergenicity of genetically modified plants exemplified by soybean - Where do we stand? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:139-148. [PMID: 28111299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
According to EU regulation, genetically modified (GM) plants considered to be allergenic have to be assessed concerning their endogenous allergens before placement on the EU market, in line with the international standards described in Codex Alimentarius. Under such premises, a quantitative relevant increase in allergens might occur in GM plants as an unintended effect compared with conventionally produced crops, which could pose a risk to consumers. Currently, data showing a connection between dose and allergic sensitisation are scarce since the pathophysiological mechanisms of sensitisation are insufficiently understood. In contrast, data on population dose-distribution relationships acquired by oral food challenge are available showing a connection between quantity of allergenic protein consumed and the population of allergic individuals experiencing reactions. Soybean is currently the only recognised allergenic GM food by law for which EFSA has received applications and was therefore taken as an example for defining an assessment strategy. Identification of potential allergens, methodology for quantification as well as risk assessment considerations, are discussed. A strategy is proposed for the identification, assessment and evaluation of potential hazards/risks concerning endogenous allergenicity in food derived from plants developed by biotechnology. This approach could be expanded to other allergenic foods in the future, whenever required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Selb
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - J M Wal
- INRA-CEA, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F J Moreno
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lovik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Fernandez
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy.
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26
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Gu X, Lee T, Geng T, Liu K, Thoma R, Crowley K, Edrington T, Ward JM, Wang Y, Flint-Garcia S, Bell E, Glenn KC. Assessment of Natural Variability of Maize Lipid Transfer Protein Using a Validated Sandwich ELISA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1740-1749. [PMID: 28161956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transfer protein (LTP) is the main causative agent for rare food allergic reactions to maize. This paper describes a new, validated ELISA that accurately measures maize LTP concentrations from 0.2 to 6.4 ng/mL. The levels of LTP ranged from 171 to 865 μg/g of grain, a 5.1-fold difference, across a set of 49 samples of maize B73 hybrids derived from the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) founder lines and a diverse collection of landrace accessions from North and South America. A second set of 107 unique samples from 18 commercial hybrids grown over two years across 10 U.S. states showed a comparable range of LTP level (212-751 μg/g of grain). Statistical analysis showed that genetic and environmental factors contributed 63 and 6%, respectively, to the variance in LTP levels. Therefore, the natural variation of maize LTP is up to 5-fold different across a diverse collection of varieties that have a history of safe cultivation and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Thomas Lee
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Tao Geng
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kang Liu
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Richard Thoma
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kathleen Crowley
- Vasculox , 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 304, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Thomas Edrington
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Jason M Ward
- Royal Canin USA , 500 Fountain Lakes Boulevard, Suite 100, St. Charles, Missouri 63301, United States
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Sherry Flint-Garcia
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Erin Bell
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kevin C Glenn
- Monsanto Company , 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
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27
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Geng T, Stojšin D, Liu K, Schaalje B, Postin C, Ward J, Wang Y, Liu ZL, Li B, Glenn K. Natural Variability of Allergen Levels in Conventional Soybeans: Assessing Variation across North and South America from Five Production Years. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:463-472. [PMID: 27997188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is one of eight major allergenic foods with endogenous proteins identified as allergens. To better understand the natural variability of five soybean allergens (Gly m 4, Gly m 5, Gly m 6, Gly m Bd 28k, and Gly m Bd 30k), validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed. These ELISAs measured allergens in 604 soybean samples collected from locations in North and South America over five growing seasons (2009-2013/2014) and including 37 conventional varieties. Levels of these five allergens varied 5-19-fold. Multivariate statistical analyses and pairwise comparisons show that environmental factors have a larger effect on allergen levels than genetic factors. Therefore, from year to year, consumers are exposed to highly variable levels of allergens in soy-based foods, bringing into question whether quantitative comparison of endogenous allergen levels of new genetically modified soybean adds meaningful information to their overall safety risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Duška Stojšin
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kang Liu
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Bruce Schaalje
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Cody Postin
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Jason Ward
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Zi Lucy Liu
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Bin Li
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kevin Glenn
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
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Sharma GM, Khuda SE, Parker CH, Eischeid AC, Pereira M. Detection of Allergen Markers in Food: Analytical Methods. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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29
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Holzhauser T, Franke A, Treudler R, Schmiedeknecht A, Randow S, Becker WM, Lidholm J, Vieths S, Simon JC. The BASALIT multicenter trial: Gly m 4 quantification for consistency control of challenge meal batches and toward Gly m 4 threshold data. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27748994 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The BASALIT clinical trial (EudraCT 2009-011737-27) investigated efficacy of birch allergen immunotherapy on lowest observed adverse effect levels after soy food challenge in patients with birch-associated and Gly m 4 allergen mediated soy allergy. Thus, consistently stable Gly m 4 levels were required in standardized challenge meals. METHODS AND RESULTS Soy meal included soy protein isolate (SPI, 88% total protein). A Gly m 4 specific ELISA was developed and validated. Six SPIs and 24 meal batches were analyzed for Gly m 4. (Repeated-measures) analyses of variance were done to identify potential changes between batches and time intervals. Gly m 4 was below the ELISA detection limit (2 ng/mL) in placebo batches. With <20% mean coefficient of variation, Gly m 4 levels were consistent in 24 soy meal batches and within individual 12-wk shelf-life. CONCLUSION The novel Gly m 4 specific ELISA proved consistency of challenge meal batches over a 56-month study period. With an average of 178 μg/g Gly m 4 in SPI, Gly m 4 lowest observed adverse effect level can be calculated once clinical lowest observed adverse effect level data based on SPI are available. Hence, sensitivity of patients can be correlated to the relevant allergen content instead of total protein of the allergenic source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annegret Franke
- Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Randow
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Wolf-Meinhard Becker
- Division of Clinical & Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jonas Lidholm
- Allergens Unit, ThermoFisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jan-Christoph Simon
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Zimmer J, Vieths S, Kaul S. Standardization and Regulation of Allergen Products in the European Union. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:21. [PMID: 26874849 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Product-specific standardization is of prime importance to ensure persistent quality, safety, and efficacy of allergen products. The regulatory framework in the EU has induced great advancements in the field in the last years although national implementation still remains heterogeneous. Scores of methods for quantification of individual allergen molecules are developed each year and also the challenging characterization of chemically modified allergen products is progressing. However, despite the unquestionable increase in knowledge and the subsequent improvements in control of quality parameters of allergen products, an important aim has not been reached yet, namely cross-product comparability. Still, comparison of allergen product potency, either based on total allergenic activity or individual allergen molecule content, is not possible due to a lack of standard reference preparations in conjunction with validated standard methods. This review aims at presenting the most recent developments in product-specific standardization as well as activities to facilitate cross-product comparability in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zimmer
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kaul
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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Fan S, Jiang L, Wu J, Dong L, Cheng Q, Xu P, Zhang S. A Novel Pathogenesis-Related Class 10 Protein Gly m 4l, Increases Resistance upon Phytophthora sojae Infection in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140364. [PMID: 26474489 PMCID: PMC4608668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), is a destructive disease in many soybean planting regions worldwide. In a previous study, an expressed sequence tag (EST) homolog of the major allergen Pru ar 1 in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) was identified up-regulated in the highly resistant soybean 'Suinong 10' infected with P. sojae. Here, the full length of the EST was isolated using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). It showed the highest homology of 53.46% with Gly m 4 after comparison with the eight soybean allergen families reported and was named Gly m 4-like (Gly m 4l, GenBank accession no. HQ913577.1). The cDNA full length of Gly m 4l was 707 bp containing a 474 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 157 amino acids. Sequence analysis suggests that Gly m 4l contains a conserved 'P-loop' (phosphate-binding loop) motif at residues 47-55 aa and a Bet v 1 domain at residues 87-120 aa. The transcript abundance of Gly m 4l was significantly induced by P. sojae, salicylic acid (SA), NaCl, and also responded to methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and ethylene (ET). The recombinant Gly m 4l protein showed RNase activity and displayed directly antimicrobial activity that inhibited hyphal growth and reduced zoospore release in P. sojae. Further analyses showed that the RNase activity of the recombinant protein to degrading tRNA was significantly affected in the presence of zeatin. Over-expression of Gly m 4l in susceptible 'Dongnong 50' soybean showed enhanced resistance to P. sojae. These results indicated that Gly m 4l protein played an important role in the defense of soybean against P. sojae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Production Capacity Improvement in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
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