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Teng K, Liu Q, Zhang M, Naz H, Zheng P, Wu X, Chi YR. Design and Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Pyranone Fused Indole Derivatives with Antibacterial Activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae for Protection of Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4622-4629. [PMID: 38386000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A new class of chiral pyranone fused indole derivatives were prepared by means of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis and demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo). Bioassays showed that compounds (3S,4R)-5b, (3S,4R)-5d, and (3S,4R)-5l exhibited promising in vitro efficacy against Xoo, with EC50 values of 9.05, 9.71, and 5.84 mg/L, respectively, which were superior to that of the positive controls with commercial antibacterial agents, bismerthiazol (BT, EC50 = 27.8 mg/L) and thiodiazole copper (TC, EC50 = 70.1 mg/L). Furthermore, single enantiomer (3S,4R)-5l was identified as an optimal structure displaying 55.3% and 52.0% curative and protective activities against Xoo in vivo tests at a concentration of 200 mg/L, which slightly surpassed the positive control with TC (curative and protective activities of 47.2% and 48.8%, respectively). Mechanistic studies through molecular docking analysis revealed preliminary insights into the distinct anti-Xoo activity of the two single enantiomers (3S,4R)-5l and (3R,4S)-5l, wherein the (3S,4R)-configured stereoisomer could form a more stable interaction with XooDHPS (dihydropteroate synthase). These findings underscore the significant anti-Xoo potential of these chiral pyranone fused indole derivatives, and shall inspire further exploration as promising lead structures for a novel class of bactericides to combat bacterial infections and other plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Teng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hira Naz
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Sun L, Wang K, Li W, Pang X, Zhao P, Hua R, Yang X, Zhu M. Enantioselective effects of chiral prothioconazole and its metabolites: Oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and lysozyme activity. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105696. [PMID: 38072551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral pesticides may exhibit enantioselectivity in terms of bioconcentration, environmental fate, and reproductive toxicity. Here, chiral prothioconazole and its metabolites were selected to thoroughly investigate their enantioselective toxicity and mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels. Multispectral techniques revealed that the interaction between chiral PTC/PTCD and lysozyme resulted in the formation of a complex, leading to a change in the conformation of lysozyme. Meanwhile, the effect of different conformations of PTC/PTCD on the conformation of lysozyme differed, and its metabolites were able to exert a greater effect on lysozyme compared to prothioconazole. Moreover, the S-configuration of PTCD interacted most strongly with lysozyme. This conclusion was further verified by DFT calculations and molecular docking as well. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators within HepG2 cells were also affected by chiral prothioconazole and its metabolites. Specifically, S-PTCD induced more substantial perturbation of the normal oxidative stress processes in HepG2 cells, and the magnitude of the perturbation varied significantly among different configurations (P > 0.05). Overall, chiral prothioconazole and its metabolites exhibit enantioselective effects on lysozyme conformation and oxidative stress processes in HepG2 cells. This work provides a scientific basis for a more comprehensive risk assessment of the environmental behaviors and effects caused by chiral pesticides, as well as for the screening of highly efficient and less biotoxic enantiomeric monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Kangquan Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Wenze Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiaohui Pang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Anhui Environmental Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 699 Dabieshan Road, High tech Zone, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Meiqing Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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Wang X, Chen F, Lu J, Wu M, Cheng J, Xu W, Li Z, Zhang Y. Developmental and cardiovascular toxicities of acetochlor and its chiral isomers in zebrafish embryos through oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165296. [PMID: 37406693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor (ACT) is a widely used pesticide, yet the environmental and health safety of its chiral isomers remains inadequately evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of ACT and its chiral isomers in a zebrafish model. Our findings demonstrate that ACT and its chiral isomers disrupt early zebrafish embryo development, inducing oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, and apoptosis. Additionally, ACT and its chiral isomers lead to cardiovascular damage, including reduced heart rate, decreased red blood cell (RBC) flow rate, and vascular damage. We further observed that (+)-S-ACT has a significant impact on the transcription of genes involved in cardiac and vascular development, including tbx5, hand2, nkx2.5, gata4, vegfa, dll4, cdh5, and vegfc. Our study highlights the potential risk posed by different conformations of chiral isomeric pesticides and raises concerns regarding their impact on human health. Overall, our results suggest that the chiral isomers of ACT induce developmental defects and cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish, with (+)-S-ACT being considerably more toxic to zebrafish than (-)-R-ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Jin J, Mou C, Zou J, Xie X, Wang C, Shen T, Deng Y, Li B, Jin Z, Li X, Chi YR. Development of axially chiral urazole scaffolds for antiplant virus applications against potato virus Y. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2527-2538. [PMID: 36864730 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato virus Y (PVY) was first discovered by Smith in 1931 and is currently ranked as the fifth most significant plant virus. It can cause severe damage to plants from the family Solanaceae, which results in billions of dollars of economic loss worldwide every year. To discover new antiviral drugs, a class of multifunctional urazole derivatives bearing a stereogenic CN axis were synthesized with excellent optical purities for antiviral evaluations against PVY. RESULTS The absolute configurations of the axially chiral compounds exhibited obvious distinctions in antiviral bioactivities, with several of these enantio-enriched axially chiral molecules showing excellent anti-PVY activities. In particular, compound (R)-9f exhibited remarkable curative activities against PVY with a 50% maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) of 224.9 μg mL-1 , which was better than that of ningnanmycin (NNM), which had an EC50 of 234.0 μg mL-1 . And the EC50 value of the protective activities of compound (R)-9f was 462.2 μg mL-1 , which was comparable to that of NNM (442.0 μg mL-1 ). The mechanisms of two enantiomer of the axially chiral compounds 9f were studied by both molecule docking and defensive enzyme activity tests. CONCLUSION Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the axially chiral configurations of the compounds played significant roles in the molecule PVY-CP (PVY Coat Protein) interactions and could enhance the activities of the defense enzymes. The (S)-9f showed only one carbon-hydrogen bond and one π-cation interaction between the chiral molecule and the PVY-CP amino acid sites. In contrast, the (R)-enantiomer of 9f exhibited three hydrogen bonding interactions between the carbonyl groups and the PVY-CP active sites of ARG157 and GLN158. The current study provides significant information on the roles that axial chiralities play in plant protection against viruses, which will facilitate the development of novel green pesticides bearing axial chiralities with excellent optical purities. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Grants
- Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules, Department of Education, Guizhou Province [Qianjiaohe KY number (2020)004]
- The 10 Talent Plan (Shicengci) of Guizhou Province ([2016]5649)
- Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award (RG7/20, RG5/19), MOE AcRF Tier 2 (MOE2019-T2-2-117), and MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award (MOE2018-T3-1-003)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172459, 21961006, 22071036)
- Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program, D20023) at Guizhou University
- Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province ([2018]2802, [2019]1020, Qiankehejichu-ZK[2021]Key033)
- Singapore National Research Foundation under its NRF Investigatorship (NRF-NRFI2016-06) and Competitive Research Program (NRF-CRP22-2019-0002)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingwei Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Youlin Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Benpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Liu Y, Ye L, Chen H, Tsim KWK, Shen X, Li X, Li X, Lei H. Herbicide propisochlor exposure induces intestinal barrier impairment, microbiota dysbiosis and gut pyroptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115154. [PMID: 37348218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Propisochlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide causing liver toxicity and suppressing immunity in human and animal. Although the herbicide has been used for years, the effects of propisochlor on intestinal health remain poorly understood. Hence, the impacts of propisochlor in intestinal health and gut microbiota were analyzed by using molecular approach and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. The result showed that the intake of propisochlor in mice impaired gut morphology, reduced expression of tight junction proteins, decreased thickness of mucus layer and activated pyroptosis signaling. Moreover, the exposure of propisochlor in mice led to significant alterations in gut microbial diversity and composition, including an increase of Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Firmicutes. The gut microbiota, such as Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, and Bacteroides, demonstrated a strong negative correlation with the intestinal health. These findings suggested that gut microbiota could play a critical role in the propisochlor-induced pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunle Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huodai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Chotsaeng N. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies of Ketone-Isobenzofuranone Hybrid Herbicides. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200932. [PMID: 36565431 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five ketone-isobenzofuranone hybrids (1-35) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their herbicidal activity against Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). The structure-activity relationship (SAR) results revealed that the position and type of substituent were crucial for activity. The o-substituted derivatives outperformed the m- and p-substituted derivatives. Compounds with strong electron-donating groups (OH, OMe) had low activity, while those with heterocycles (N-methylpyrrole, furan, and thiophene) had a moderate herbicidal effect. Compounds with a weak electron-donating group (Me) and weak, moderate, and strong electron-withdrawing groups (F, Cl, Br, and NO2 ) showed promising herbicidal activity. Among these, the o-F substituted compound (20) was the most effective against Chinese amaranth, and the o-Cl substituted compound (23) was the most potent against barnyard grass. This is the first time the herbicidal potential of ketone-isobenzofuranone hybrids has been studied. The discovery of current chemical clues would be beneficial for the development of novel herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawasit Chotsaeng
- Department of Chemistry and Integrated Applied Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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Chen Y, Li T, Jin Z, Chi YR. New Axially Chiral Molecular Scaffolds with Antibacterial Activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae for Protection of Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6050-6058. [PMID: 35544385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new class of axially chiral thiazine molecules were constructed and showed promising antibacterial activities against the plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The axial chiralities of these compounds (R- or S-atropisomer) showed clear impacts on the in vitro inhibitory activities against Xoo. An optimal molecule of this class with the (S)-axially chiral configuration was identified to exhibit inhibitory activity against Xoo with an EC50 value of 4.18 μg/mL. This inhibition efficiency is superior to that of two commercial antibacterial agrochemicals, thiodiazole-copper and bismerthiazol, as the positive controls. This hit compound also performed better than the controls in our in vivo studies. Preliminary mechanistic studies via scanning electron microscopy images showed that our hit compound at a concentration of 10 μg/mL destroyed the bacterial integrity of Xoo. Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that a total of 366 differentially expressed proteins of the rice plants were significantly influenced in the presence of our hit molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Tao L, Xu W. The enantioselective study of the toxicity effects of chiral acetochlor in HepG2 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112261. [PMID: 33964548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used chiral herbicides in the world, and it is usually produced and used as racemic form (Rac). The potential effects of acetochlor in human body are mainly induced by its residue in agriculture food. The direct target exposed is the liver in human body. However, the potential toxic and mechanism threat to human liver cells caused by chiral acetochlor has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential mechanism of the toxicity caused by chiral acetochlor in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that acetochlor and its enantiomers could inhibit cell activity and cause DNA damage in HepG2 cells. The toxicity of Rac was higher than that of the two enantiomers, mainly derived from S configuration. The mechanism is through inducing decreased membrane potential (△Ψ), up-regulated Bax/BcL-2 expression, caused a cascade reaction, activated casepase-3 and casepase-9 and cleaved PARP, which maybe lead to cell death through apoptotic-signaling pathway in the end. These results illuminate that the genotoxic and cytotoxic risks of chiral acetochlor are major coming from S configuration. It provides a theoretical basis for the production of single pesticide to reduce the effects of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Enantioselective and Synergistic Herbicidal Activities of Common Amino Acids Against Amaranthus tricolor and Echinochloa crus-galli. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072071. [PMID: 33916510 PMCID: PMC8038461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids have a wide range of biological activities, which usually rely on the stereoisomer presented. In this study, glycine and 21 common α-amino acids were investigated for their herbicidal property against Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.). Both d- and l-isomers, as well as a racemic mixture, were tested and found that most compounds barely inhibited germination but moderately suppressed seedling growth. Various ratios of d:l-mixture were studied and synergy between enantiomers was found. For Chinese amaranth, the most toxic d:l-mixtures were at 3:7 (for glutamine), 8:2 (for methionine), and 5:5 (for tryptophan). For barnyard grass, rac-glutamine was more toxic than the pure forms; however, d-tryptophan exhibited greater activity than racemate and l-isomer, indicating the sign of enantioselective toxicity. The mode of action was unclear, but d-tryptophan caused bleaching of leaves, indicating pigment synthesis of the grass was inhibited. The results highlighted the enantioselective and synergistic toxicity of some amino acids, which relied upon plant species, chemical structures, and concentrations. Overall, our finding clarifies the effect of stereoisomers, and provides a chemical clue of amino acid herbicides, which may be useful in the development of herbicides from natural substances.
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10
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Residues and enantioselective behavior of cyflumetofen from apple production. Food Chem 2020; 321:126687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Shen Y, Zhang J, Xie J, Liu J. In vitro assessment of corticosteroid effects of eight chiral herbicides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:91-102. [PMID: 31524045 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1665408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding the enantioselective endocrine disruption of chiral herbicides is scarce. This study assessed the disrupting effects of eight typical chiral herbicides on corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids). Enantioselectivity of eight chiral herbicides were evaluated for their agonistic/antagonistic effects on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with CHOK1 cell line using reporter gene assay. Their influence on the production of corticosteroids were further investigated in H295R cell line using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the racemates or enantiomers of eight chiral herbicides exhibited GR or MR agonistic activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. However, rac-propisochlor and S-imazamox antagonized cortisol-induced transactivation of GR by 21.79% and 38.73% at the concentration of 1.0 × 10-7 M and 1.0 × 10-6 M, respectively, and R-napropamide remarkably attenuated aldosterone-induced MR transactivation by 68.78% at 1.0 × 10-6 M. The secretion of cortisol was significantly restrained after treated with 1.0 × 10-6 M rac-propisochlor and rac-/R-napropamide at the concentration of 1.0 × 10-6 M by 26.49%, 30.10% and 35.27%, respectively, while this glucocorticoid was remarkably induced by 1.0 × 10-5 M rac-diclofop-methyl and its two enantiomers at the concentration of 1.0 × 10-5 M by 75.60%, 100.1% and 68.78%, respectively. Exposure to rac-propisochlor (1.0 × 10-6 M), S-diclofop-methyl (1.0 × 10-5 M) or rac-/S-/R- acetochlor (1.0 × 10-6 M) and rac-/S-/R-lactofen (1.0 × 10-6 M) inhibited the secretion of aldosterone by approximately 40%. Our findings suggested that chiral herbicides disrupted corticosteroid homeostasis in an enantioselective way. Therefore, more comprehensive screening is required to better understand the ecological and health risks of chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Guo J, Li M, Liu Y, Wang F, Kong Z, Sun Y, Lu J, Jin N, Huang Y, Liu J, Francis F, Fan B. Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment of Chiral Cyflumetofen in Apple. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051060. [PMID: 29724046 PMCID: PMC6099807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-performance convergence chromatography is an environmentally-friendly analytical method that uses dramatically reduced amounts of organic solvents. In addition, a robust and highly sensitive chiral separation method was developed for the novel chiral acaricide cyflumetofen by using ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, which shows that stereoisomer recoveries determined for various apple parts ranged from 78.3% to 119.9%, with the relative standard deviations being lower than 14.0%. The half-lives of (−)-cyflumetofen and (+)-cyflumetofen obtained under 5-fold applied dosage equal to 22.13 and 22.23 days, respectively. For 1.5-fold applied dosage, the respective values were determined as 22.42 and 23.64 days, i.e., the degradation of (−)-cyflumetofen was insignificantly favored over that of its enantiomer. Importantly, cyflumetofen was unevenly distributed in apples, with its relative contents in apple peel, peduncle, and pomace equal to 50%, 22%, and 16%, respectively. The proposed method can be used to efficiently separate and quantify chiral pesticide with advantages of a shorter analysis time, greater sensitivity, and better environmental compatibility. Additionally, the consumption of apples with residue of cyflumetofen did not pose a health risk to the population if the cyflumetofen applied under satisfactory agricultural practices after the long-term dietary risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Minmin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Kong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jia Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Nuo Jin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yatao Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Sun Q, Yao GD, Song XY, Qi XL, Xi YF, Li LZ, Huang XX, Song SJ. Autophagy antagonizes apoptosis induced by flavan enantiomers from Daphne giraldii in hepatic carcinoma cells in vitro. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Xu C, Tu W, Deng M, Jin Y, Lu B, Zhang C, Lin C, Wu Y, Liu W. Stereoselective induction of developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity by acetochlor in the early life stage of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:618-626. [PMID: 27635644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor (ACT) has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment and implicated in disruption of the immune system in fish, the mechanisms of which, especially at enantiomeric levels, remains unclear. In the present study, embryonic zebrafish were exposed to ACT and its enantiomers at concentrations of 0, 2, 8, 15, 30 and 60 μM from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 72 hpf. We demonstrated that ACT and its enantiomers could cause time- and concentration-dependent mortality (72 h LC50 ranged from 48.4 to 53.1 μM) and developmental malformations (e.g., 48 h EC50 for yolk sac edema ranged from 36.7 to 54.1 μM), as well as increase transcription of the key genes involved in the innate immune system. A consistent enantioselectivity in these endpoints was observed with (-)-R-ACT showed stronger effects than (+)-S-ACT, and the transcription levels of il-1β exhibited significant enantioselectivity at concentrations as low as 8 μM. Further Western blot analysis revealed that significant elevations of Il-1β protein expression in all (-)-R-ACT treatment groups. According to the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the enantioselectivity between ACT enantiomers was attributed to the distinct binding affinity to Il-1β. Overall, our in vivo and in silico studies uniquely disclosed the enantioselective immunotoxicity of ACT and its underlying mechanisms and highlighted the need to evaluate the environmental risk of chiral chloroacetamide herbicide in aquatic organisms at enantiomeric levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China.
| | - Mi Deng
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake of Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chunmian Lin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Sun D, Pang J, Zhou Z, Jiao B. Enantioselective environmental behavior and cytotoxicity of chiral acaricide cyflumetofen. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:167-173. [PMID: 27424059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective dissipation behavior of the new acaricide cyflumetofen (CYF) in citrus and soil, and its cytotoxicity to human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells was investigated for the first time. The results of degradation experiment showed that roughly similar half-lives of (-)-CYF and (+)-CYF were achieved in citrus (16.5 and 19.8 d) and soil (6.37 and 6.99 d), respectively. EF values varied from 0.50 to 0.42 in citrus and from 0.49 to 0.48 in soil, indicating that slightly enantioselective degradation happened during experiment period. Moreover, indexes of MTT, LDH, ROS, MDA, SOD, and CAT were used to evaluate enantioselective cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of CYF enantiomers to HepG2 cells. Dose- and structure form-dependent phenomenon was observed with toxicity orders of (-)-CYF > rac-CYF > (+)-CYF. Despite the similar environmental degradation behavior, the toxicities of CYF enantiomers showed great difference, suggesting that (+)-CYF might be developed as potential substitute of rac-CYF for safety consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Sun
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China.
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