1
|
Dräger H, Mobley J, Kamali P, Dorrani M, Lynn B, DeHaan L, Schendel RR. Lignin, extractives and structural carbohydrate characteristics of Thinopyrum intermedium biomass reveal additional valorization opportunities for dual-crop utilization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39045781 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, or intermediate wheat grass (IWG), is being developed as the first widely-available perennial grain candidate. However, because the crop is still in development, grain yields are lower than those of traditional cereals. Utilization of its non-grain biomass (e.g. for biofuel production and as a source of fine chemicals) would increase the economic value of its cultivation. The present study provides a structural characterization of the lignin and cell wall carbohydrates in IWG biomass and qualitative profiling of biomass extractives and compares them to those of annual wheat (Triticum aestivum) biomass grown in the same location and growing season. RESULTS The monosaccharide composition and ester-linked phenolic acid contents of vegetative biomass material from annual wheat and IWG were similar. IWG vegetative biomass is rich in feruloylated arabinoxylans (AX) with a very low substitution rate, whereas the AX from IWG bran have a slightly higher substitution rate. The structure of IWG lignin was investigated using both the quantitative derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method and 2D-NMR analysis, revealing an H:G:S lignin that incorporates tricin and is acylated with coumaric acid and smaller amounts of ferulates. IWG and wheat extractives contained fatty acids, various free phenolic compounds (tricin, monolignols and phenolic acids), phenolic conjugates and phytosterols. CONCLUSION The present study provides firm support for the further exploration of T. intermedium biomass as a carbohydrate feedstock (e.g, abundant in lightly substituted AX and cellulose polymers) for biofuel production and source of high-value fine chemicals, such as tricin. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Dräger
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Justin Mobley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Poorya Kamali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Bert Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Rachel R Schendel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keller J, Marmit SP, Bunzel M. Structural Characterization of Dietary Fiber from Different Lupin Species ( Lupinus sp.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8430-8440. [PMID: 35758602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber fractions of whole seeds from different lupin species were structurally characterized. The low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber fraction contains mainly stachyose and verbascose. The soluble dietary fiber fraction is dominated by homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I (RGI), with (arabino-)galactans and to a lesser portion arabinans as neutral RGI side chains. Arabinans are preferentially branched in position O2 as demonstrated by methylation analysis and an arabinan profiling approach. Insoluble dietary fiber is mainly composed of cellulose and pectins, but xylans and xyloglucans are present, too. Application of an enzymatic xyloglucan profiling approach demonstrated a substitution degree of 75% and proved the existence of fucosylated xyloglucans. Lignin of all lupin species was analyzed as being rich in guaiacyl units; however, the degree of lignification is low. Alcohol-insoluble residue polysaccharides from both seed coat and embryo/endosperm were analyzed separately, demonstrating tissue-related differences in the portions of cellulose and RGI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Keller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Peko Marmit
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang TD, Chen YL, Zeng FK, Ye MQ, Wang L, Luo Z, Qi YW, Chen FP. Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the postharvest quality of mulberry leaf vegetable. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10893. [PMID: 35764785 PMCID: PMC9239990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh mulberry leaf vegetable is nutritive and becoming popular. However, available preservation technologies are deficient. In present work, the effects of two kinds of modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest quality of fresh mulberry leaf vegetable stored at 4 °C were evaluated. The respiration rate of samples in the modified polyethylene packages (MP20) was 12.88–22.65% lower than that in normal polyethylene packaging (CK). The content of total soluble solids, soluble protein, and total polyphenol in MP20 was less changed than that in CK, and the vitamin C retention was higher as well. Moreover, the lignin content in MP20 was lower than that in CK during storage (19.79% vs 13.38% at day 8), and that was significantly positively related to the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities inhibition. Taken together, a packaging with moderate gas permeability (MP20) is suitable for nutrition maintenance and lignification inhibition of fresh mulberry leaf vegetable during cold storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-da Yang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science of Southwestern University, Chongqing, 4007151, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Kun Zeng
- College of Food Science of Southwestern University, Chongqing, 4007151, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qiang Ye
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Qi
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Ping Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kanbar A, Schäfer DS, Keller J, Nick P, Bunzel M. Toward bioeconomy of a multipurpose cereal: Cell wall chemistry of Sorghum is largely buffered against stem sugar content. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Kanbar
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Daniela S. Schäfer
- Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin M, Jiao J, Zhao Q, Ban Q, Gao M, Suo J, Zhu Q, Rao J. Dose effect of exogenous abscisic acid on controlling lignification of postharvest kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. hongyang). Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Liu J, Huang Q, Kang P, Liang L, Chen J. Lignin Accumulation in Three Pumelo Cultivars in Association with Sucrose and Energy Depletion. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110701. [PMID: 31694266 PMCID: PMC6920757 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignification, which occurs in many horticultural fruit and vegetables, brings about undesirable texture and unfavorable consumer preference. However, this problem has rarely been studied. In this work, three pumelo cultivars cvs "Hongroumiyou" (HR), "Bairoumiyou" (BR), and "Huangroumiyou" (HuR) were stored at 25 °C for 90 days, and juice sacs were sampled to explore the lignin accumulation and its relationship to sucrose and energy depletion were investigated. The results displayed that HuR contained lower sucrose content, lower ATP level, but higher lignin content compared to BR and HR during postharvest storage, indicating that the sequence according to storage resistance on the basis of lignin content is as follows: HuR < BR < HR. Furthermore, sucrose degradation attributed to enhanced activities of neutral invertase (NI), soluble acid invertase (S-AI), cell wall-bound invertase (B-AI), and energy deficit on account of declined ATP level, showed significantly negative correlation with lignin accumulation, suggesting that lignin accumulation occurrence could induce sucrose degradation and energy deficit during postharvest storage. Additionally, higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) could accelerate lignin synthesis and resulted in lignin accumulation during postharvest pumelo storage.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu Q, Li J, Fan L. Effect of Drying Methods on the Microstructure, Bioactivity Substances, and Antityrosinase Activity of Asparagus Stems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1537-1545. [PMID: 30689370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of vacuum drying (VD), far-infrared drying (FIRD), hot air drying (HAD), and freeze drying (FD), as representative food drying methods, on structural characterization, bioactive substances, and antityrosinase activity of Asparagus have been assessed. The microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy indicated that VD treatment led to serious breaking of the vascular bundle and epithelial cells and provided higher free polyphenol (FP) and bound polyphenol (BP) contents. Besides, the smaller individual molecule (weight and hydroxy and phenolic rings) polyphenols bound to cellulose to a lesser extent than larger molecules, i.e., rutin and quercetin. In contrast, FD extracts possessed lower polyphenol contents but higher saponin and chlorophyll contents. The antityrosinase activity inhibition rates of FD and VD extracts were higher than those of FIRD and HAD for both mono- and diphenolase. The FP extract of VD, which possessed more polyphenolic compounds, had greater antityrosinase activity than BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schäfer J, Sattler M, Iqbal Y, Lewandowski I, Bunzel M. Characterization of Miscanthus cell wall polymers. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2019; 11:191-205. [PMID: 31007724 PMCID: PMC6472555 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of lignocellulosic Miscanthus biomass for the production of biochemicals, such as ethanol, is challenging due to its recalcitrance, which is influenced by the individual plant cell wall polymers and their interactions. Lignocellulosic biomass composition differs depending on several factors, such as plant age, harvest date, organ type, and genotype. Here, four selected Miscanthus genotypes (Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus × giganteus, Miscanthus sinensis × Miscanthus sacchariflorus hybrid) were grown and harvested, separated into stems and leaves, and characterized for their non-starch polysaccharide composition and structures, lignin contents and structures, and hydroxycinnamate profiles (monomers and ferulic acid dehydrodimers). Polysaccharides of all genotypes are mainly composed of cellulose and low-substituted arabinoxylans. Ratios of hemicelluloses to cellulose were comparable, with the exception of Miscanthus sinensis that showed a higher hemicellulose/cellulose ratio. Lignin contents of Miscanthus stems were higher than those of Miscanthus leaves. Considering the same organs, the four genotypes did not differ in their Klason lignin contents, but Miscanthus × giganteus showed the highest acetylbromide soluble lignin content. Lignin polymers isolated from stems varied in their S/G ratios and linkage type distributions across genotypes. p-Coumaric acid was the most abundant ester-bound hydroxycinnamte monomer in all samples. Ferulic acid dehydrodimers were analyzed as cell wall cross-links, with 8-5-coupled diferulic acid being the main dimer, followed by 8-O-4-, and 5-5-diferulic acid. Contents of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and ferulic acid dimers varied depending on genotype and organ type. The largest amount of cell wall cross-links was analyzed for Miscanthus sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied BiosciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Melinda Sattler
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied BiosciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Yasir Iqbal
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied BiosciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schäfer J, Trierweiler B, Bunzel M. Maturation-related changes of carrot lignins. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1016-1023. [PMID: 28718909 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignified cell walls are important factors for textural and physiological properties of plant-based foods. However, carrot lignins and their modifications during maturation are poorly described. The objective of this study was to describe carrot lignins in detail and to study lignin structural alterations at later stages of maturity. RESULTS Klason and acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents of insoluble fibers of carrots harvested at different times (26, 29 and 35 weeks after seeding) ranged between 46.38 and 62.68 g kg-1 and between 19.79 and 28.08 g kg-1 , respectively. As determined by both 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance and the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method, coniferyl alcohol heavily dominated the traditional monolignol composition in carrot lignins, independently of harvest times. By using 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance experiments on isolated lignins, p-hydroxybenzoate was identified as a less common lignin constituent, attached to lignin γ-hydroxyl groups and being increasingly incorporated with maturation. β-Aryl ethers, phenylcoumaran, resinol and dibenzodioxocin structures were identified as lignin interunit linkages, largely independent of harvest times and with β-aryl ethers being expectedly dominant. CONCLUSION Carrots contain guaiacyl-rich lignins that incorporate increasing amounts of p-hydroxybenzoate with maturation. All other lignin characteristics appear to be widely independent of harvest times. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Trierweiler
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schäfer J, Bunzel M. Maturation-related modifications of cell wall structures of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-3008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Dhakarey R, Raorane ML, Treumann A, Peethambaran PK, Schendel RR, Sahi VP, Hause B, Bunzel M, Henry A, Kohli A, Riemann M. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of the Rice Mutant cpm2 Suggests a Negative Regulatory Role of Jasmonic Acid in Drought Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1903. [PMID: 29250082 PMCID: PMC5715382 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
It is widely known that numerous adaptive responses of drought-stressed plants are stimulated by chemical messengers known as phytohormones. Jasmonic acid (JA) is one such phytohormone. But there are very few reports revealing its direct implication in drought related responses or its cross-talk with other phytohormones. In this study, we compared the morpho-physiological traits and the root proteome of a wild type (WT) rice plant with its JA biosynthesis mutant coleoptile photomorphogenesis 2 (cpm2), disrupted in the allene oxide cyclase (AOC) gene, for insights into the role of JA under drought. The mutant had higher stomatal conductance, higher water use efficiency and higher shoot ABA levels under severe drought as compared to the WT. Notably, roots of cpm2 were better developed compared to the WT under both, control and drought stress conditions. Root proteome was analyzed using the Tandem Mass Tag strategy to better understand this difference at the molecular level. Expectedly, AOC was unique but notably highly abundant under drought in the WT. Identification of other differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) suggested increased energy metabolism (i.e., increased mobilization of resources) and reactive oxygen species scavenging in cpm2 under drought. Additionally, various proteins involved in secondary metabolism, cell growth and cell wall synthesis were also more abundant in cpm2 roots. Proteome-guided transcript, metabolite, and histological analyses provided further insights into the favorable adaptations and responses, most likely orchestrated by the lack of JA, in the cpm2 roots. Our results in cpm2 are discussed in the light of JA crosstalk to other phytohormones. These results together pave the path for understanding the precise role of JA during drought stress in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dhakarey
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Manish L. Raorane
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Achim Treumann
- Newcastle University Protein and Proteome Analysis, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachel R. Schendel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vaidurya P. Sahi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Ajay Kohli
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schäfer J, Stanojlovic L, Trierweiler B, Bunzel M. Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) stems. Food Res Int 2016; 93:43-51. [PMID: 28290279 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. Freshly harvested broccoli and broccoli stored at 20°C and 1°C for different periods of time were analyzed. Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. Broccoli stem lignins are generally rich in guaiacyl units. Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. Incorporation of syringyl units into the polymers over storage predominantly occurs through β-O-4-linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Luisa Stanojlovic
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Trierweiler
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schäfer J, Brett A, Trierweiler B, Bunzel M. Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) and Maturation Related Changes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8625-8632. [PMID: 27744693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall composition affects the texture of plant-based foods. In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) is known to develop a woody and firm texture during maturation and ripening, most likely due to changes in the cell wall composition. To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. Radish lignin was characterized by unexpectedly high incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol into the polymer. Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schäfer
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anika Brett
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Trierweiler
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) , Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|