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Patel KB, Patel RV, Ahmad I, Rajani D, Patel H, Mukherjee S, Kumari P. Design, synthesis, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and MMGBSA analysis of 7-O-substituted 5-hydroxy flavone derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6378-6392. [PMID: 37551031 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2243520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of chrysin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against four different bacterial strains. We have synthesized new propyl-substituted and butyl-substituted chrysin-piperazine derivatives, which show marvellous inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus. The free hydroxyl group at the C-5 position of chrysin improved therapeutic efficacy in vivo and was a beneficial formulation for chemotherapy. All synthesized compounds were confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, HPLC, and mass spectrometry. The compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibition, and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) has also been illustrated. Among the synthesised compounds, compounds 4 and 10 were the most active against S. pyogenes and E. coli, with 12.5 g/mL MICs; additionally, compound 12 exhibits significant activity on both the S. aureus and E. coli stains. Based on the promising activity profile and docking score of compound 12, it was selected for 100 ns MD simulation and post-dynamic binding free energy analysis within the active sites of S. aureus TyrRS (PDB ID: 1JIJ) and E. coli DNA GyrB (PDB ID: 6YD9) to investigate the stability of molecular contacts and to establish how the newly synthesized inhibitors fit together in the most stable conformations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajalben B Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahul V Patel
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Premlata Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
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Faysal M, Dehbia Z, Zehravi M, Sweilam SH, Haque MA, Kumar KP, Chakole RD, Shelke SP, Sirikonda S, Nafady MH, Khan SL, Nainu F, Ahmad I, Emran TB. Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutics Against Neurodegenerative Disorders: Unlocking the Prospects. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1926-1944. [PMID: 38822985 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, the decline of nerve cells in the brain, is a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Oxidative stress, a key factor in NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease can lead to neuronal cell death, mitochondria impairment, excitotoxicity, and Ca2+ stress. Environmental factors compromising stress response lead to cell damage, necessitating novel therapeutics for preventing or treating brain disorders in older individuals and an aging population. Synthetic medications offer symptomatic benefits but can have adverse effects. This research explores the potential of flavonoids derived from plants in treating NDDs. Flavonoids compounds, have been studied for their potential to enter the brain and treat NDDs. These compounds have diverse biological effects and are currently being explored for their potential in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Flavonoids have various beneficial effects, including antiviral, anti-allergic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties. Their potential to alleviate symptoms of NDDs is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faysal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Zerrouki Dehbia
- Laboratory of Agro - Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Akiful Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, 500088, India
| | - Kusuma Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi, Pushpvihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rita D Chakole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, 415124, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish P Shelke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, 443001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapna Sirikonda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, 500088, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, 413520, Maharashtra, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
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Sarkar B, Rana N, Singh C, Singh A. Medicinal herbal remedies in neurodegenerative diseases: an update on antioxidant potential. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03027-5. [PMID: 38472370 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
It has been widely documented that medicinal herbal remedies are effective, have fewer side effects than conventional medicine, and have a synergistic effect on health collaborations in the fight against complicated diseases. Traditional treatments for neurological problems in ancient times sometimes involved the use of herbal remedies and conventional methods from East Asian countries including India, Japan, China, and Korea. We collected and reviewed studies on plant-derived neuroprotective drugs and tested them in neurotoxic models. Basic research, preclinical and clinical transgene research can benefit from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations. Research, summaries of the extracts, fractions, and herbal ingredients were compiled from popular scientific databases, which were then examined according to origin and bioactivity. Given the complex and varied causes of neurodegeneration, it may be beneficial to focus on multiple mechanisms of action and a neuroprotection approach. This approach aims to prevent cell death and restore function to damaged neurons, offering promising strategies for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative illnesses can potentially be treated with natural compounds that have been identified as neuroprotective agents. To gain deeper insights into the neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and therapeutic properties of naturally occurring antioxidant phytochemical compounds in diverse neurodegenerative diseases, this study aims to comprehensively review such compounds, focusing on their modulation of apoptotic markers such as caspase, Bax, Bcl-2, and proinflammatory markers. In addition, we delve into a range of efficacies of antioxidant phytochemical compounds as neuroprotective agents in animal models. They reduce the oxidative stress of the brain and have been shown to have anti-apoptotic effects. Many researches have demonstrated that plant extracts or bioactive compounds can fight neurodegenerative disorders. Herbal medications may offer neurodegenerative disease patients' new treatments. This may be a cheaper and more culturally appropriate alternative to standard drugs for millions of people with age-related NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Nitasha Rana
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Distt. Tehri Garhwal, Srinagar, 249161, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India.
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Kumar P, Bhardwaj VK, Purohit R. Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations and umbrella sampling simulations to investigate stability of Chrysin-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121162. [PMID: 37567706 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of inclusion complexes of Chrysin (ChR) with three forms of cyclodextrins (CDs) α-, β-, and γ-CD was accomplished to examine the stability of ChR inside the central cavities of CDs. The aim of study was to identify the most suitable form of CD to improve the hydro-solubility of poorly soluble ChR bioactive molecule. Microsecond timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on four inclusion complexes (α-CD/ChR, β-CD/ChR, and two conformations of γ-CD/ChR) to examine the dynamics of ChR inside the cavity of CDs. The first conformation of γ-CD/ChR inclusion complex (γ-CD1/ChR) was identified to possess the highest affinity between host and guest molecule on the basis of binding energy calculated by employing Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) and umbrella sampling simulations. To further strengthen the claims of classical and biased MD studies, Our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and Molecular mechanics (ONIOM) (wB97XD/6-311+g(d,p):pm7) calculations were performed on the selected inclusion complexes. The ONIOM based complexation energy reaffirmed that ChR had highest affinity for the γ-CD1 host molecule. Further, the non-covalent interaction analysis was conducted using Multiwfn software on QM-optimized inclusion complexes with wB97XD/6-311+G(d,p) model chemistry, revealing non-covalent interactions between ChR and CDs. This atomic level information helped us to gain better insights into critical atoms of ChR and CD that participated in intermolecular interactions and identify γ-CD as a suitable host molecule for improving the hydro-solubulity of ChR. The structural insights would help to derive new derivatives of γ-CD with better host capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Mittal P, Dhankhar S, Chauhan S, Garg N, Bhattacharya T, Ali M, Chaudhary AA, Rudayni HA, Al-Zharani M, Ahmad W, Khan SUD, Singh TG, Mujwar S. A Review on Natural Antioxidants for Their Role in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:908. [PMID: 37513820 PMCID: PMC10385773 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative condition known as Parkinson's disease (PD) is brought on by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia, which is the brain region that controls body movement. PD occurs due to many factors, from which one of the acknowledged effects of oxidative stress is pathogenic pathways that play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants, including flavonoids, vitamins E and C, and polyphenolic substances, help to reduce the oxidative stress brought on by free radicals. Consequently, this lowers the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in the long term. Although there is currently no cure for neurodegenerative illnesses, these conditions can be controlled. The treatment of this disease lessens its symptoms, which helps to preserve the patient's quality of life. Therefore, the use of naturally occurring antioxidants, such as polyphenols, which may be obtained through food or nutritional supplements and have a variety of positive effects, has emerged as an appealing alternative management strategy. This article will examine the extent of knowledge about antioxidants in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses, as well as future directions for research. Additionally, an evaluation of the value of antioxidants as neuroprotective agents will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Sanchit Dhankhar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
- Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur 135102, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Nitika Garg
- Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur 135102, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 260 Kyunghee-daero, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Nondestructive Bio-Sensing Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, BLDG# E10-2, RM# 2213, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Maksood Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Orlean College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, 42, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida 201308, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, HIMT College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, 8, Institutional Area, Knowledge Park-I, Greater Noida 201301, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmad Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
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El-Marasy SA, AbouSamra MM, El-Mosallamy AEMK, Emam AN, Mabrok HB, Galal AF, Ahmed-Farid OA, Abd El-Rahman SS, Moustafa PE. Chrysin loaded nanovesicles ameliorated diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Role of NGF/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110402. [PMID: 36804429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common diabetic complication. Chrysin (CHY) has many biological properties but poor oral bioavailability. This study investigates the effect of CHY and CHY-loaded nanovesicles (CHY-NVs) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DPN in rats. CHY-NVs were prepared by using film hydration method. The formula with the best entrapment efficiency%, lowest particle size, highest zeta potential, and highest in vitro CHY released profile was selected, characterized by Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy analysis, and examined by Transmission electron microscope. Acute toxicity test, pharmacokinetic study and experimental model of diabetes mellitus were performed on the selected formulation. Wistar rats were considered diabetic by administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (50 mg/kg). 48 h after STZ administration, hyperglycemic rats were randomly assigned into four groups, one group of untreated hyperglycemic rats and the other three groups received daily oral doses of unloaded NVs, CHY-NVs (25 mg/kg), and CHY-NVs (50 mg/kg), respectively for 21 days. Moreover, five additional groups of healthy rats received: distilled water (control), free CHY, unloaded NVs, and CHY-NVs respectively for 21 days. CHY and CHY-NVs maintained body weight and reduced STZ-induced behavioral changes in rotarod, hind paw cold allodynia, tail cold allodynia, tail flick, and hot plate tests. CHY and CHY-NVs lowered blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, elevated serum reduced glutathione (GSH), and reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. CHY-NVs elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3k), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), and reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sciatic nerve homogenate. CHY and CHY-NVs increased nerve growth factor (NGF) and decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) gene expressions in the sciatic nerve. In conclusion, CHY and CHY-NVs ameliorated STZ-induced DPN behavioral and histopathological changes via attenuating hyperglycemia, exerting anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, activating NGF/p-AKT/GSK-3β pathway, and its anti-apoptotic effect. The best pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic effect was observed in rats treated with CHY-loaded NVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A El-Marasy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical drug industries research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aliaa E M K El-Mosallamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Emam
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Researches research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda B Mabrok
- Nutrition and food science department, Food industries and nutrition research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical and clinical studies research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Kamat S, Kumari M, Sajna KV, Singh SK, Kumar A, Jayabaskaran C. Improved Chrysin Production by a Combination of Fermentation Factors and Elicitation from Chaetomium globosum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040999. [PMID: 37110422 PMCID: PMC10146793 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids encompass a heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites with exceptional health benefits. Chrysin, a natural dihydroxyflavone, possesses numerous bioactive properties, such as anticancer, antioxidative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, etc. However, using traditional sources of chrysin involves extracting honey from plants, which is non-scalable, unsustainable, and depends on several factors, including geography, climatic conditions, and the season, which limits its production at a larger scale. Recently, microbial production of desirable metabolites has garnered attention due to the cost-effectiveness, easy scale-up, sustainability, and low emission of waste. We previously reported for the first time the chrysin-producing marine endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, associated with a marine green alga. To extend our understanding of chrysin biosynthesis in C. globosum, in the present study, we have assessed the presence of flavonoid pathway intermediates in C. globosum extracts using LC-MS/MS. The presence of several key metabolites, such as dihydrokaempferol, chalcone, galangin, baicalein, chrysin, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, and p-Cinnamoyl-CoA, indicates the role of flavonoid biosynthesis machinery in the marine fungus. Further, we have aimed to enhance the production of chrysin with three different strategies: (1) optimizing the fermentation parameters, namely, growth medium, incubation time, pH, and temperature; (2) feeding key flavonoid pathway intermediates, i.e., phenylalanine and cinnamic acid; (3) elicitation with biotic elicitors, such as polysaccharide, yeast extract, and abiotic elicitors that include UV radiation, salinity, and metal stress. The combined effect of the optimized parameters resulted in a 97-fold increase in the chrysin yield, resulting in a fungal cell factory. This work reports the first approach for enhanced production of chrysin and can serve as a template for flavonoid production enhancement using marine endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kuttuvan Valappil Sajna
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Celignis Biomass Analysis Laboratory, V94 7Y42 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Zorzi G, Gambini S, Negri S, Guzzo F, Commisso M. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Orchid Species Oncidium sotoanum Reveals the Presence of Rare Bioactive C-Diglycosylated Chrysin Derivatives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:655. [PMID: 36771739 PMCID: PMC9920315 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are valuable sources of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical properties, but only a small proportion of plant life has been actively exploited for medicinal purposes to date. Underexplored plant species are therefore likely to contain novel bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the content of secondary metabolites in the flowers, leaves and pseudobulbs of the orchid Oncidium sotoanum using an untargeted metabolomics approach. We observed the strong accumulation of C-diglycosylated chrysin derivatives, which are rarely found in nature. Further characterization revealed evidence of antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays) and potential activity against neurodegenerative disorders (MAO-B inhibition assay) depending on the specific molecular structure of the metabolites. Natural product bioprospecting in underexplored plant species based on untargeted metabolomics can therefore help to identify novel chemical structures with diverse pharmaceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Zorzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sofia Gambini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Tew WY, Tan CS, Yan CS, Loh HW, Wen X, Wei X, Yam MF. Evaluation of vasodilatory effect and antihypertensive effect of chrysin through in vitro and sub-chronic in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114020. [PMID: 36469968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin, a bioflavonoid belonging to the flavone, occurs naturally in plants such as the passionflower, honey and propolis. Few studies have demonstrated that chrysin can promote vasorelaxant activities in rats' aorta and mesenteric arteries. To date, no research has explored the signalling system routes that chrysin may utilise to produce its vasorelaxant action. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in chrysin-induced vasorelaxant in rats' aortic rings and assess the antihypertensive effect of chrysin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The findings revealed that chrysin utilised both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The presence of L-NAME (endothelial NO synthase inhibitor), ODQ (sGC inhibitor), methylene blue (cGMP lowering agent), 4-AP (voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor), atropine (muscarinic receptors inhibitor) and propranolol (β-adrenergic receptors inhibitor) significantly reduced the chrysin's vasorelaxant action. Furthermore, chrysin can reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels by limiting the extracellular intake of Ca2+ through voltage-operated calcium channels and blocking the intracellular release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the IP3 receptor. These indicate that chrysin-induced vasorelaxants involved NO/sGC/cGMP signalling cascade, muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors, also the potassium and calcium channels. Although chrysin had vasorelaxant effects in in vitro studies, the in vivo antihypertensive experiment discovered chrysin does not significantly reduce the blood pressure of SHRs following 21 days of oral treatment. This study proved that chrysin utilised multiple signalling pathways to produce its vasorelaxant effect in the thoracic aorta of rats; however, it had no antihypertensive effect on SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yin Tew
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chong Seng Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Wei Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xu Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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10
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Choudhary N, Tewari D, Nabavi SF, Kashani HRK, Lorigooini Z, Filosa R, Khan FB, Masoudian N, Nabavi SM. Plant based food bioactives: A boon or bane for neurological disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3279-3325. [PMID: 36369694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the foremost occurring diseases across the globe resulting in progressive dysfunction, loss of neuronal structure ultimately cell death. Therefore, attention has been drawn toward the natural resources for the search of neuroprotective agents. Plant-based food bioactives have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on various plant food bioactive, mechanisms, therapeutic targets, in vitro and in vivo studies in the treatment of neurological disorders to explore whether they are boon or bane for neurological disorders. In addition, the clinical perspective of plant food bioactives in neurological disorders are also highlighted. Scientific evidences point toward the enormous therapeutic efficacy of plant food bioactives in the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, identification of food bioactive components accountable for the neuroprotective effects, mechanism, clinical trials, and consolidation of information flow are warranted. Plant food bioactives primarily act by mediating through various pathways including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, specific proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reversing neurodegeneration and can be used for the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, the plant based food bioactives are boon for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Nooshin Masoudian
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
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11
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Iftikhar A, Nausheen R, Muzaffar H, Naeem MA, Farooq M, Khurshid M, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Allemailem KS, Anwar H. Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Honey in Neurological Disorders: The Role of Polyphenols. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103297. [PMID: 35630774 PMCID: PMC9143627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Honey is the principal premier product of beekeeping familiar to Homo for centuries. In every geological era and culture, evidence can be traced to the potential usefulness of honey in several ailments. With the advent of recent scientific approaches, honey has been proclaimed as a potent complementary and alternative medicine for the management and treatment of several maladies including various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, etc. In the literature archive, oxidative stress and the deprivation of antioxidants are believed to be the paramount cause of many of these neuropathies. Since different types of honey are abundant with certain antioxidants, primarily in the form of diverse polyphenols, honey is undoubtedly a strong pharmaceutic candidate against multiple neurological diseases. In this review, we have indexed and comprehended the involved mechanisms of various constituent polyphenols including different phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals that manifest multiple antioxidant effects in various neurological disorders. All these mechanistic interpretations of the nutritious components of honey explain and justify the potential recommendation of sweet nectar in ameliorating the burden of neurological disorders that have significantly increased across the world in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Iftikhar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Rimsha Nausheen
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Humaira Muzaffar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Naeem
- Department of Basic Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal 51600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan;
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (K.S.A.)
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12
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Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of functional foods against Parkinson's disease: A narrative review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1952-1989. [PMID: 35244296 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Persian Medicine (PM), PD (brain-based tremor) is a known CNS disorder with several therapeutic and preventive options. In their medical textbooks and pharmacopeias, Persian great scientists such as Rhazes (854-925 AD), Avicenna (980-1037 AD), and Jorjani (1042-1136 AD), have discussed pharmacological and nutritional strategies for the prevention, slowing progression, and treatment of PD. In the present study, we surveyed plant- and animal-based foods recommended by PM for the prevention and treatment of CNS-related tremors. In vivo and in-vitro pharmacological evidence supporting the beneficial effects of PM-recommended foods in prevention and alleviating PD, major active phytochemicals along with the relevant mechanisms of action were studied. Several PM plants possess potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and PD preventing properties. Garlic and allicin, cabbage and isothiocyanates, chickpea seed and its O-methylated isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin, cinnamon, and cinnamaldehyde, saffron and its crocin, crocetin, and safranal, black cumin and its thymoquinone, black pepper and piperine, pistachio and genistein and daidzein, and resveratrol are among the most effective dietary itemsagainst PD. They act through attenuating neurotoxin-induced memory loss and behavioral impairment, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic cell death. PM-recommended foods can help alleviate PD progression and also discovering and developing new neuroprotective anti-PD pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Neuroprotective Potential of Chrysin: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216456. [PMID: 34770864 PMCID: PMC8588021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin, a herbal bioactive molecule, exerts a plethora of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the emerging role of chrysin in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and brain tumors. Based on the results of recent pre-clinical studies and evidence from studies in humans, this review is focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of chrysin in different neurological diseases. In addition, the potential challenges, and opportunities of chrysin’s inclusion in the neurotherapeutics repertoire are critically discussed.
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14
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Cao J, Guo B, Li S, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang Y, Song X, Zhang Z. Neuroprotection against 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cytotoxicity by naturally occurring polydatin through activation of transcription factor MEF2D. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1065-1072. [PMID: 34232128 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin is the major active ingredient of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. A recent study indicated that polydatin could protect against substantia nigra dopaminergic degeneration in rodent models associated with Parkinson's disease. However, mechanisms that underlie the neuroprotection of polydatin have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, the neuroprotective effects and detailed mechanisms of action of polydatin were investigated in Parkinson's disease-related cellular models. Polydatin dose- and time-dependently prevented neurotoxicity caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in primary cerebellar granule neurons. Moreover, we found that polydatin enhanced the activity of the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) at both basal and pathological conditions using luciferase reporter gene assay. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that polydatin could downregulate glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which is a negative regulator of MEF2D. Molecular docking simulations finally suggested an interaction between polydatin and a hydrophobic pocket within GSK3β. All these results suggest that polydatin prevents MPP+-induced neurotoxicity via enhancing MEF2D through the inhibition of GSK3β and that treatment with polydatin is worthy of further anti-Parkinson's disease study in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
| | - Baojian Guo
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Xaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
| | - Xiubao Song
- Department of Rehahilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
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15
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Tripathi S, Mazumder PM. Neuroprotective Efficacy of Apple Cider Vinegar on Zinc-High Fat Diet-Induced Mono Amine Oxidase Alteration in Murine Model of AD. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:658-667. [PMID: 34323669 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1948933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), which catalyzes the oxidative deamination of amines present in the brain and peripheral tissues, is involved in the metabolism of monoamines and is vital for cognition. This study was designed to examine the protective effect of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) on MAO and amine neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), non-adrenaline (NA) levels. METHOD In this experiment, out of five groups, three groups of animals were pretreated with one of the test drugs each i.e., Chrysin (10 mg/kg), ACV (0.7% v/v) and Rivastigmine (2.5 mg/kg) along with Zn with high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months and the rest two groups were that of control and disease induced. After the treatment period, mice were examined for MAO-A & B, DA, 5-HT and NA level estimation. RESULTS The results showed that Zn with HFD had induced a significant increase (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) in MAO-A & B levels and a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the levels of 5-HT, DA, and NA. Pretreatment of test drugs with Zn with HFD caused a restoration activity and a significant decrease (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) in MAO-A & B levels and a significant increase (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) in the level of DA, 5HT and NA as compared to the Zn treated group. Amongst all three test drugs mentioned above, the ACV-treated group showed the most improvement during pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that ACV, might prove to be a beneficial nutraceutical & provide a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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16
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An updated review on the versatile role of chrysin in neurological diseases: Chemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111906. [PMID: 34328092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are responsible for a large number of morbidities and mortalities in the world. Flavonoids are phytochemicals that possess various health-promoting impacts. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid isolated from diverse fruits, vegetables, and even mushrooms, has several pharmacological activities comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The current study was designed to review the relationship between chrysin administration and neurological complications by discussing the feasible mechanism and signaling pathways. Herein, we mentioned the sources, pharmacological properties, chemistry, and drug delivery systems associated with chrysin pharmacotherapy. The role of chrysin was discussed in depression, anxiety, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. The findings indicate that chrysin has protective effects against neurological conditions by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. However, more studies should be done to clear the neuroprotective effects of chrysin.
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17
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Mannan A, Singh TG, Singh V, Garg N, Kaur A, Singh M. Insights into the Mechanism of the Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Neurological Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:286-310. [PMID: 34238153 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210707120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of monoamines and other proteins. MAO's hyperactivation results in the massive generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and depression-like disorders. Although synthetic MAO inhibitors are clinically available, they are associated with side effects such as hepatotoxicity, cheese reaction, hypertensive crisis, and so on, necessitating the investigation of alternative MAO inhibitors from a natural source with a safe profile. Herbal medications have a significant impact on the prevention of many diseases; additionally, they have fewer side effects and serve as a precursor for drug development. This review discusses the potential of herbal MAO inhibitors as well as their associated mechanism of action, with an aim to foster future research on herbal MAO inhibitors as potential treatment for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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18
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Zhang Y, Xue Z, Hu S, Bai H, Wang J, Wang N. Chrysin Inhibits Pseudo-allergic Reaction by Suppressing Mitochondrial STAT3 Activation via MAS-Related GPR Family Member X2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6569-6577. [PMID: 34100606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin, one of the most pharmacologically active natural flavonoids, has been extracted from various plants. Mast cells are an important part of innate immunity-mediating anaphylaxis. Pseudo-allergic reactions are currently believed to be associated with the MAS-related GPR family member X2 (MrgX2). In this study, the anti-pseudo allergy effect of chrysin and its underlying mechanisms were studied in vitro and in vivo. Chrysin inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and systemic pseudo-allergy in vivo. LAD2 cell degranulation, calcium ion (Ca2+) influx, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Chrysin suppressed pseudo-allergic reactions through the PLC/IP3/Ca2+ and ERK/STAT3 serine 727 pathways downstream of MrgX2. Therefore, mitochondrial ATP, but not glycolysis, is vital for pseudo-allergic reactions mediated by MrgX2. This study provides new insights for the treatment of pseudo-allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuoyin Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shiling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haoyun Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
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Balakrishnan R, Azam S, Cho DY, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Natural Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent and Treat Parkinson's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6680935. [PMID: 34122727 PMCID: PMC8169248 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6680935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative chronic disease affecting both cognitive performance and motor functions in aged people. Yet despite the prevalence of this disease, the current therapeutic options for the management of PD can only alleviate motor symptoms. Research has explored novel substances for naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with potential therapeutic benefits for PD patients through their neuroprotective mechanism, targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotrophic factor deficit, and apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with neuroprotective or therapeutic activities in PD, focusing on their neuropharmacological mechanisms, including modulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, growth factor induction, neurotransmitter activity, direct regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, prevention of protein aggregation via modulation of protein folding, modification of cell signaling pathways, enhanced systemic immunity, autophagy, and proteasome activity. In addition, we provide data showing the relationship between nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PD is supported by studies demonstrating that antiparkinsonian phytochemicals can activate the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and Nrf2-dependent protein expression, preventing cellular oxidative damage and PD. Furthermore, we explore several experimental models that evaluated the potential neuroprotective efficacy of antioxidant phytochemical derivatives for their inhibitory effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the nanodelivery of antioxidant phytochemicals and its neuroprotective application against pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. In conclusion, naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals can be considered as future pharmaceutical drug candidates to potentially alleviate symptoms or slow the progression of PD. However, further well-designed clinical studies are required to evaluate the protective and therapeutic benefits of phytochemicals as promising drugs in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su-Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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20
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Dong Y, Xiong J, Ji L, Xue X. MiR-421 Aggravates Neurotoxicity and Promotes Cell Death in Parkinson's Disease Models by Directly Targeting MEF2D. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:299-308. [PMID: 33179210 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, which reduces quality of life of patients and poses a heavy burden to the society. The pathological mechanism of PD remains unclear, and increasing efforts are aimed to solve this problem. MiRNAs are a kind of small noncoding RNA regulating target gene expression. Previous studies have shown that dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in the development of PD. In the present study, we determined that miR-421 and MEF2D are increased and decreased, respectively, in a cellular model of PD. The data on the mechanism of action indicate that miR-421 directly binds to MEF2D mRNA and negatively regulates MEF2D expression. An increase in miR-421 disrupted the Bcl2/Bax system. Functional assays indicated that enhanced miR-421 promotes cell death by negative modulation of MEF2D expression. Inhibition of miR-421 or restoration of MEF2D protected neurons from neurotoxicity in cellular and animal models of PD. Our study is the first to demonstrate that miR-421 is decreased in PD models and to determine a novel putative mechanism of PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Dong
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an central hospital, No. 161 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an central hospital, No. 161 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liya Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an central hospital, No. 161 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuyun Xue
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an central hospital, No. 161 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Parkinson's Disease Master Regulators on Substantia Nigra and Frontal Cortex and Their Use for Drug Repositioning. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1517-1534. [PMID: 33211252 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Available evidences support the view of PD as a complex disease, being the outcome of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In face of diagnosis and therapy challenges, and the elusive PD etiology, the use of alternative methodological approaches for the elucidation of the disease pathophysiological mechanisms and proposal of novel potential therapeutic interventions has become increasingly necessary. In the present study, we first reconstructed the transcriptional regulatory networks (TN), centered on transcription factors (TF), of two brain regions affected in PD, the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the frontal cortex (FCtx). Then, we used case-control studies data from these regions to identify TFs working as master regulators (MR) of the disease, based on region-specific TNs. Twenty-nine regulatory units enriched with differentially expressed genes were identified for the SNc, and twenty for the FCtx, all of which were considered MR candidates for PD. Three consensus MR candidates were found for SNc and FCtx, namely ATF2, SLC30A9, and ZFP69B. In order to search for novel potential therapeutic interventions, we used these consensus MR candidate signatures as input to the Connectivity Map (CMap), a computational drug repositioning webtool. This analysis resulted in the identification of four drugs that reverse the expression pattern of all three MR consensus simultaneously, benperidol, harmaline, tubocurarine chloride, and vorinostat, thus suggested as novel potential PD therapeutic interventions.
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Zhang S, Yu Z, Xia J, Zhang X, Liu K, Sik A, Jin M. Anti-Parkinson's disease activity of phenolic acids from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf extracts and their autophagy activation mechanism. Food Funct 2020; 11:1425-1440. [PMID: 31971191 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, the preventative or therapeutic agents for the treatment of PD are limited. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EuO) is widely used as a traditional herb to treat various diseases. EuO bark extracts have been reported to possess anti-PD activity. Here, we investigated whether extracts of EuO leaves (EEuOL) also have therapeutic effects on PD since similar components and clinical applications have been found between barks and leaves of this tree. We identified the chemical composition of EEuOL by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and tested the anti-PD effect of EEuOL using the zebrafish PD model. As a result, 28 compounds including 3 phenolic acids, 7 flavonoids, and 9 iridoids were identified. EEuOL significantly reversed the loss of dopaminergic neurons and neural vasculature and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in zebrafish brain in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EEuOL relieved locomotor impairments in MPTP-modeled PD zebrafish. We also investigated the underlying mechanism and found that EEuOL may activate autophagy, contributing to α-synuclein degradation, therefore alleviating PD-like symptoms. Molecular docking simulation implied the interaction between autophagy regulators (Pink1, Beclin1, Ulk2, and Atg5) and phenolic acids of EEuOL, affirming the involvement of autophagy in EEuOL-exerted anti-PD action. The overall results indicated the anti-PD effect of EEuOL, opening the possibility to use the extract in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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Takao K, Sakatsume T, Kamauchi H, Sugita Y. Syntheses and Evaluation of 2- or 3-( N-Cyclicamino)chromone Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:1082-1089. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Takao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Tsukasa Sakatsume
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Hitoshi Kamauchi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Yoshiaki Sugita
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Park SE, Paudel P, Wagle A, Seong SH, Kim HR, Fauzi FM, Jung HA, Choi JS. Luteolin, a Potent Human Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitor and Dopamine D 4 and Vasopressin V 1A Receptor Antagonist. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10719-10729. [PMID: 32869630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid widely distributed in the plant kingdom, contains two benzene rings and hydroxyl groups, and this structural specificity contributes to its diverse biological activities. However, no previous studies have simultaneously investigated the therapeutic potency of luteolin isolated from a plant as an antipsychotic and antidepressant. Here, luteolin exhibited selective inhibition of hMAO-A (IC50 = 8.57 ± 0.47 μM) over hMAO-B (IC50 > 100 μM). In silico proteochemometric modeling predicted promising targets of luteolin, and verification via cell-based G protein-coupled receptor functional assays showed that luteolin is a selective antagonist of the vasopressin receptor V1AR (IC50 = 19.49 ± 6.32 μM) and the dopamine D4 receptor (IC50 = 39.59 ± 1.46 μM). Molecular docking showed the tight binding of luteolin with a low binding score and the high stability of the luteolin-receptor complex, corroborating its functional effect. Thus, hMAO-A, hD4R, and hV1AR are prime targets of luteolin and potential alternatives for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Aditi Wagle
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Rak Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42 300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Haider M, Salman M, Kaushik P, Bharadwaj N, Aggarwal NB, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Chrysin ameliorates 3 nitropropinoic acid induced neurotoxicity targeting behavioural, biochemical and histological alterations. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:450-458. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1821677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Haider
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Bharadwaj
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Bharal Aggarwal
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Chen H, Cao J, Zha L, Wang P, Liu Z, Guo B, Zhang G, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of novel tetramethylpyrazine derivative T-006 in Parkinson's disease models through activating the MEF2-PGC1α and BDNF/CREB pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14897-14917. [PMID: 32710729 PMCID: PMC7425444 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
T-006, a new derivative of tetramethylpyrazine, has been recently found to protect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neuronal damage and clear α-synuclein (α-syn) by enhancing proteasome activity in an α-syn transgenic Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. The effect of T-006 on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model, however, has not been tested and T-006’s neuroprotective mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we further investigated the neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of T-006 and explored its underlying mechanism of action in both cellular and animal PD models. T-006 was able to improve locomotor behavior, increase survival of nigra dopaminergic neurons and boost striatal dopamine levels in both MPTP- and 6-OHDA-induced animals. T-006 treatment restored the altered expressions of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC1α) and NF-E2-related factor 1/2 (Nrf1/2) via modulation of Akt/GSK3β signaling. T-006 stimulated MEF2, PGC1α and Nrf2 transcriptional activities, inducing Nrf2 nuclear localization. Interestingly, T-006 promoted endogenous adult neurogenesis toward a dopaminergic phenotype by activating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in 6-OHDA rats. Our work demonstrated that T-006 is a potent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agent that may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zha
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peile Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.,Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
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Flavonoids and Mitochondria: Activation of Cytoprotective Pathways? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133060. [PMID: 32635481 PMCID: PMC7412508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of diverse mechanisms that lead to cytoprotection have been described to date. Perhaps, not surprisingly, the role of mitochondria in these phenomena is notable. In addition to being metabolic centers, due to their role in cell catabolism, ATP synthesis, and biosynthesis these organelles are triggers and/or end-effectors of a large number of signaling pathways. Their role in the regulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, calcium homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species signaling is well documented. In this review, we aim to characterize the prospects of influencing cytoprotective mitochondrial signaling routes by natural substances of plant origin, namely, flavonoids (e.g., flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones). Flavonoids are a family of widely distributed plant secondary metabolites known for their beneficial effects on human health and are widely applied in traditional medicine. Their pharmacological characteristics include antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. Here, we focus on presenting mitochondria-mediated cytoprotection against various insults. Thus, the role of flavonoids as antioxidants and modulators of antioxidant cellular response, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, and fission and fusion is reported. Finally, an emerging field of flavonoid-mediated changes in the activity of mitochondrial ion channels and their role in cytoprotection is outlined.
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Rashno M, Ghaderi S, Nesari A, Khorsandi L, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A. Chrysin attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced recognition memory decline, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors in rats: Insights into underlying mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1607-1619. [PMID: 32088834 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cortical and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation are associated with behavioral deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI). OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of flavonoid chrysin against TBI-induced vestibulomotor impairment, exploratory/locomotor dysfunctions, recognition memory decline, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors, as well as the verified possible involved mechanisms. METHODS Chrysin (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day; P.O.) was administered to rats immediately after diffuse TBI induction, and it was continued for 3 or 14 days. Behavioral functions were assessed by employing standard behavioral paradigms at scheduled points in time. Three days post-TBI, inflammation status was assayed in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus using ELISA kits. Moreover, apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 family proteins were examined by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS The results indicated that treatment with chrysin improved vestibulomotor dysfunction, ameliorated recognition memory deficit, and attenuated anxiety/depression-like behaviors in the rats with TBI. Chrysin treatment also modulated inflammation status, reduced apoptotic index, and regulated Bcl-2 family proteins expression in the brains of rats with TBI. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the results suggest that chrysin could be beneficial for protection against TBI-associated behavioral deficits, owing to its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masome Rashno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Nesari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Wang N, Yang W, Li L, Tian M. MEF2D upregulation protects neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced injury by enhancing Nrf2 activation. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146878. [PMID: 32407713 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) is a pro-survival factor for neurons. However, whether MEF2D is involved in protecting neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unknown. The current study was designed to investigate the exact role and mechanism of MEF2D in regulating oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuronal injury, an in vitro model used to study cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. MEF2D expression was significantly induced in neurons in response to OGD/R injury. Functional analysis demonstrated that MEF2D upregulation significantly rescued the decreased viability of OGD/R-injured neurons and suppressed OGD/R-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By contrast, MEF2D knockdown increased the sensitivity of neurons to OGD/R-induced injury. Moreover, MEF2D overexpression increased the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and enhanced the activation of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. However, Nrf2 knockdown partially blocked the MEF2D-mediated neuroprotective effect in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Overall, these results reveal that MEF2D overexpression attenuates OGD/R-induced injury by enhancing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling. These findings suggest that MEF2D may serve as a neuroprotective target with a potential application for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
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Paudel P, Park SE, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Bromophenols from Symphyocladia latiuscula Target Human Monoamine Oxidase and Dopaminergic Receptors for the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2426-2436. [PMID: 32011134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the severity accelerates with aging. Therefore, improving dopamine level or dopamine receptor signaling is a standard approach for PD treatment. Herein, our results demonstrate that bromophenols 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (1), 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (2), and bis-(2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (3) from red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula are moderate-selective human monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors and good dopamine D3/D4 receptor agonists. Bromophenol 3 showed a promising D4R agonist effect with a low micromole 50% effective concentration (EC50) value. All of the test ligands were docked against a three-dimensional (3D) model of hD3R and hD4R, and the result demonstrated strong binding through interaction with prime interacting residues-Asp110, Cys114, and His349 on hD3R and Asp115 and Cys119 on hD4R. Overall, the results demonstrated natural bromophenols, especially 1 and 3, from Symphyocladia latiuscula as multitarget ligands for neuroprotection, especially in PD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Jeonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
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Neuroprotective potential of chrysin in Parkinson's disease: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Neurochem Int 2020; 132:104612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rashno M, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y, Rashno M, Khorsandi L, Naseri MKG, Dianat M. Therapeutic effects of chrysin in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study. Life Sci 2019; 228:285-294. [PMID: 31063733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress and apoptosis have major roles in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated motor and cognitive deficits. The present study was aimed to elucidate the putative effects of chrysin, a natural flavonoid compound, against TBI-induced motor and cognitive dysfunctions and possible involved mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Chrysin (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats starting immediately following TBI induction by Marmarou's weight-drop technique and continuously for 3 or 14 days. Neurological functions, motor coordination, learning and memory performances, histological changes, cell apoptosis, expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and oxidative status were assayed at scheduled time points after experimental TBI. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated that treatment with chrysin improved learning and memory disabilities in passive avoidance task, and ameliorated motor coordination impairment in rotarod test after TBI. These beneficial effects were accompanied by increased the concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, prevented neuronal loss, diminished apoptotic index, elevated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that both anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties of chrysin (especially in the dose of 100 mg/kg) are possible mechanisms that improve cognitive/motor deficits and prevent neuronal cell death after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masome Rashno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Gharib Naseri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Dhiman P, Malik N, Khatkar A. 3D-QSAR and in-silico Studies of Natural Products and Related Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:881-900. [PMID: 29189167 PMCID: PMC6080100 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171128143650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The computational development of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors led to advancement in drug design and the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. The computational development of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors led to advancement in drug design and the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Different natural heterocyclic structures are reported to display selective MAO inhibitory activity by preclinical and in-silico modeling. OBJECTIVE Currently, the major interest is devoted to the study of natural based therapeutic agents from the different categories. Therefore, we presenting the review to critically discuss and outline the recent advances in our knowledge on the importance of natural and natural based ligand-MAO insilico methods for novel MAO inhibitors. DISCUSSION Several natural and related synthetic heterocyclic compounds such as coumarins, β- carboline, piperine, naphthoquinone, morpholine, caffeine, amphetamine moreover flavonoids, chalcones, xanthones, curcumin are discussed for their MAO inhibitory profile along with molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. CONCLUSION It is clear that, by this computational drug design approach, more particular, reversible and potent compounds can be proposed as MAO inhibitors by exact changes on the fundamental framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhiman
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
| | - Neelam Malik
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
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Szökő É, Tábi T, Riederer P, Vécsei L, Magyar K. Pharmacological aspects of the neuroprotective effects of irreversible MAO-B inhibitors, selegiline and rasagiline, in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1735-1749. [PMID: 29417334 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The era of MAO-B inhibitors dates back more than 50 years. It began with Kálmán Magyar's outstanding discovery of the selective inhibitor, selegiline. This compound is still regarded as the gold standard of MAO-B inhibition, although newer drugs have also been introduced to the field. It was revealed early on that selective, even irreversible inhibition of MAO-B is free from the severe side effect of the non-selective MAO inhibitors, the potentiation of tyramine, resulting in the so-called 'cheese effect'. Since MAO-B is involved mainly in the degradation of dopamine, the inhibitors lack any antidepressant effect; however, they became first-line medications for the therapy of Parkinson's disease based on their dopamine-sparing activity. Extensive studies with selegiline indicated its complex pharmacological activity profile with MAO-B-independent mechanisms involved. Some of these beneficial effects, such as neuroprotective and antiapoptotic properties, were connected to its propargylamine structure. The second MAO-B inhibitor approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, rasagiline also possesses this structural element and shows similar pharmacological characteristics. The preclinical studies performed with selegiline and rasagiline are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Magarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary. .,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Kálmán Magyar
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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Mao XY, Jin MZ, Chen JF, Zhou HH, Jin WL. Live or let die: Neuroprotective and anti-cancer effects of nutraceutical antioxidants. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:137-151. [PMID: 29055715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diet sources are closely involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and cancers, in addition to inherited factors. Currently, natural products or nutraceuticals (commonly called medical foods) are increasingly employed for adjunctive therapy of these patients. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of the nutrient efficacy remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the neuroprotective and anti-cancer mechanisms of nutraceuticals. It was concluded that the nutraceuticals exerted neuroprotection and suppressed tumor growth possibly through the differential modulations of redox homeostasis. In addition, the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS elimination was manipulated by multiple molecular mechanisms, including cell signaling pathways, inflammation, transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modulation, which were involved in the therapeutic potential of nutraceutical antioxidants against neurological diseases and cancers. We specifically proposed that ROS scavenging was integral in the neuroprotective potential of nutraceuticals, while alternation of ROS level (either increase or decrease) or disruption of redox homeostasis (ROS addiction) constituted the anti-cancer property of these compounds. We also hypothesized that ROS-associated ferroptosis, a novel type of lipid ROS-dependent regulatory cell death, was likely to be a critical mechanism for the nutraceutical antioxidants. Targeting ferroptosis is advantageous to develop new nutraceuticals with more effective and lower adverse reactions for curing patients with neuropsychiatric diseases or carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Jin-Fei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
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Substantial protection against MPTP-associated Parkinson's neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by anti-cancer agent SU4312 via activation of MEF2D and inhibition of MAO-B. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:12-24. [PMID: 28807675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the unexpected neuroprotection of the anti-cancer agent SU4312 in cellular models associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise mechanisms underlying its neuroprotection are still unknown, and the effects of SU4312 on rodent models of PD have not been characterized. In the current study, we found that the protection of SU4312 against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells was achieved through the activation of transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), as evidenced by the fact that SU4312 stimulated myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcriptional activity and prevented the inhibition of MEF2D protein expression caused by MPP+, and that short hairpin RNA (ShRNA)-mediated knockdown of MEF2D significantly abolished the neuroprotection of SU4312. Additionally, Western blotting analysis revealed that SU4312 potentiated pro-survival PI3-K/Akt pathway to down-regulate MEF2D inhibitor glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β). Furthermore, using the in vivo PD model of C57BL/6 mice insulted with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), we found that intragastrical administration of SU4312 (0.2 and 1 mg/kg) greatly ameliorated Parkinsonian motor defects, and restored protein levels of MEF2D, phosphorylated-Ser473-Akt and phosphorylated-Ser9-GSK3β. Meanwhile, SU4312 effectively reversed the decrease in protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons, inhibited oxidative stress, maintained mitochondrial biogenesis and partially prevented the depletion of dopamine and its metabolites. Very encouragingly, SU4312 was able to selectively inhibit monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity both in vitro and in vivo, with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM. These findings suggest that SU4312 provides therapeutic benefits in cellular and animal models of PD, possibly through multiple mechanisms including enhancement of MEF2D through the activation of PI3-K/Akt pathway, maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition of MAO-B activity. SU4312 thus may be an effective drug candidate for the prevention or even modification of the pathological processes of PD.
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Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, Attenuates β-Amyloid Oligomer-Induced Neurotoxicity Possibly via Regulating the PI3K/Akt and the ERK Pathways in SH-SY5Y Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6792543. [PMID: 28928905 PMCID: PMC5591933 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6792543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic impairments, and loss of neurons. Oligomers of β-amyloid (Aβ) are widely accepted as the main neurotoxins to induce oxidative stress and neuronal loss in AD. In this study, we discovered that fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid with antioxidative stress properties, concentration dependently prevented Aβ oligomer-induced increase of neuronal apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ oligomers inhibited the prosurvival phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cascade and activated the proapoptotic extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Moreover, inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) synergistically prevented Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal death, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways might be involved in Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity. Pretreatment with fucoxanthin significantly prevented Aβ oligomer-induced alteration of the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways. Furthermore, LY294002 and wortmannin, two PI3K inhibitors, abolished the neuroprotective effects of fucoxanthin against Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity. These results suggested that fucoxanthin might prevent Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal loss and oxidative stress via the activation of the PI3K/Akt cascade as well as inhibition of the ERK pathway, indicating that further studies of fucoxanthin and related compounds might lead to a useful treatment of AD.
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Carradori S, Gidaro MC, Petzer A, Costa G, Guglielmi P, Chimenti P, Alcaro S, Petzer JP. Inhibition of Human Monoamine Oxidase: Biological and Molecular Modeling Studies on Selected Natural Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9004-9011. [PMID: 27933876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring flavonoids display a plethora of different biological activities, but emerging evidence suggests that this class of compounds may also act as antidepressant agents endowed with multiple mechanisms of action in the central nervous system, increasing central neurotransmission, limiting the reabsorption of bioamines by synaptosomes, and modulating the neuroendocrine and GABAA systems. Due to their presence in foods, food-derived products, and nutraceuticals, we established their role and structure-activity relationships as reversible and competitive human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. In addition, molecular modeling studies, which evaluated their modes of MAO inhibition, are presented. These findings could provide pivotal implications in the quest of novel drug-like compounds and for the establishment of harmful drug-dietary supplement interactions commonly reported in the therapy with antidepressant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Gidaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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