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Martineau-Côté D, Achouri A, Pitre M, Karboune S, L'Hocine L. Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Faba Bean Peptides in Comparison to those of Pea and Soy after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Transepithelial Transport across Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17953-17963. [PMID: 39086319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the transepithelial transport of bioactive peptides derived from faba bean flour gastrointestinal digestates was investigated, in vitro, using a Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 coculture monolayer, in comparison to those of pea and soy. The profile of transported peptides was determined by mass spectrometry, and the residual antioxidant activity was assessed. The ORAC value significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after transepithelial transport (24-36% reduction) for all legumes, while the antioxidant activity in ABTS assay significantly (p < 0.05) increased, as shown by the EC50 decrease of 26-44%. Five of the nine faba bean peptides that crossed the intestinal cell monolayer exhibited antioxidant activity. Two of these peptides, TETWNPNHPEL and TETWNPNHPE, were further hydrolyzed by the cells' brush border peptidases to smaller fragments TETWNPNHP and TWNPNHPE. These metabolized peptides were synthesized, and both maintained high antioxidant activity in both ABTS (EC50 of 1.2 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.1 mM, respectively) and ORAC (2.5 ± 0.1 and 3.4 ± 0.2 mM of Trolox equivalent/mM, respectively) assays. These results demonstrated for the first time the bioaccessibility of faba bean peptides produced after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and how their bioactive properties can be modulated during transepithelial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Martineau-Côté
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Mélanie Pitre
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3, Canada
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Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Diniz C, Ferreira IMPLVO. In vitro strategies to understand the impact of oral intake on the bioavailability and bioactivity of peptides from brewing by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38950579 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2362410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides from brewer's spent grain (BSG) and brewer's spent yeast (BSY), two by-products of the brewing industry, have great potential as functional food ingredients, dietary supplements or nutraceuticals to reduce the risk of numerous pathological conditions. Nevertheless, the oral administration of these peptides poses great challenges since peptides must undergo gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism, which can affect their bioavailability and, therefore, the expected outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the potential impact of the oral route on the bioactivity of BSG/BSY peptides as assessed by in vitro assays and identifies research gaps that require novel approaches/methodologies. The data collected indicate that in addition to the significant influence of gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism also have a major impact on the bioactivity of brewing peptides. The major gap identified was the insufficient evidence regarding hepatic metabolism, which points for the need of employing in vitro assays in this research field to provide such clarification. Thus, to reach the market, the impact of the oral route on the bioactivities of BSG/BSY peptides must be properly studied in vitro to allow adequate/effective administration (dosage/frequency) with a beneficial impact on the population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zheng S, Cui R, Yu D, Niu Y, Wu X, Yang F, Chen J. Novel Antioxidant Self-Assembled Peptides Extracted from Azumapecten farreri Meat: In Vitro- and In Silico-Assisted Identification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:790. [PMID: 39061861 PMCID: PMC11273597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that the self-assembled supramolecules of Azumapecten farreri meat peptides have antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study aims to isolate and identify novel antioxidant peptides with self-assembly characteristics and analyze their structure-activity relationship through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The in vitro results show that as the purification steps increased, the antioxidant activity of peptides became stronger. Additionally, the purification step did not affect its pH-responsive self-assembly. Using LC-MS/MS, 298 peptide sequences were identified from the purified fraction PF1, and 12 safe and antioxidant-active peptides were acquired through in silico screening. The molecular docking results show that they had good binding interactions with key antioxidant-related protein ligands (KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) and MPO (myeloperoxidase)). The peptide QPPALNDSYLYGPQ, with the lowest docking energy, was selected for a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the peptide QPPALNDSYLYGPQ exhibited excellent stability when docked with KEAP1 and MPO, thus exerting antioxidant effects by regulating the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and inhibiting MPO activity. This study further validates the antioxidant and self-assembling properties of the self-assembled supramolecules of Azumapecten farreri meat peptide and shows its potential for developing new, effective, and stable antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.); (D.Y.); (Y.N.); (X.W.)
| | - Ronghua Cui
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.); (D.Y.); (Y.N.); (X.W.)
| | - Dingyi Yu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.); (D.Y.); (Y.N.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanxiang Niu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.); (D.Y.); (Y.N.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuehan Wu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.); (D.Y.); (Y.N.); (X.W.)
| | - Faming Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.); (D.Y.); (Y.N.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.); (D.Y.); (Y.N.); (X.W.)
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265599, China
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Wu CL, Ni ZF, Kuang XY, Li MF, Zong MH, Fan XD, Lou WY. Novel Multitarget ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Bovine Colostrum Immunoglobulin G: Cellular Transport, Efficacy in Regulating Endothelial Dysfunction, and Network Pharmacology Studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4155-4169. [PMID: 38366990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used traditional laboratory methods, bioinformatics, and cellular models to screen novel ACE inhibitory (ACEI) peptides with strong ACEI activity, moderate absorption rates, and multiple targets from bovine colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG). The purified fraction of the compound proteinase hydrolysate of IgG showed good ACEI activity. After nano-UPLC-MS/MS identification and in silico analysis, eight peptides were synthesized and verified. Among them, SFYPDY, TSFYPDY, FSWF, WYQQVPGSGL, and GVHTFP were identified as ACEI peptides, as they exhibited strong ACEI activity (with IC50 values of 104.7, 80.0, 121.2, 39.8, and 86.3 μM, respectively). They displayed good stability in an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion assay. In a Caco-2 monolayer model, SFYPDY, FSWF, and WYQQVPGSGL exhibited better absorption rates and lower IC50 values than the other peptides and were thereby identified as novel ACEI peptides. Subsequently, in a H2O2-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) model based on HUVECs, SFYPDY, FSWF, and WYQQVPGSGL regulated ED by reducing apoptosis and ROS accumulation while upregulating NOS3 mRNA expression. Network pharmacology analysis and RT-qPCR confirmed that they regulated multiple targets. Overall, our results suggest that SFYPDY, FSWF, and WYQQVPGSGL can serve as novel multitarget ACEI peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Li Wu
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
| | - Zi-Fu Ni
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Yan Kuang
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
| | - Meng-Fan Li
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Dan Fan
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
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Zhu D, Yuan Z, Wu D, Wu C, El-Seedi HR, Du M. The dual-function of bioactive peptides derived from oyster (Crassostrea gigas) proteins hydrolysates. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Martins ZE, Faria MÂ, Sousa JB, Ferreira IMPLVO, Diniz C. Protein Hydrolysates from Brewing By-Products as Natural Alternatives to ACE-Inhibitory Drugs for Hypertension Management. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101554. [PMID: 36294989 PMCID: PMC9605471 DOI: 10.3390/life12101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypertension is the predominant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The search for natural compounds with antihypertensive properties, such as bioactive peptides from brewing by-products (spent grain and yeast), which are less likely to cause severe side effects compared with anti-hypertensive drugs, is of major importance to reduce cardiovascular events. Since oral intake of these peptides may modify their expected effects, the aim of the present study was to simulate oral administration and evaluate the impact of gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption, and liver metabolism on the effectiveness of those bioactive peptides and determine their potential to be used as supplements or nutraceuticals as well as anti-hypertensive drugs before moving forward to animal studies. Results showed that peptides derived from the brewing industry maintain or present higher antihypertensive activity after simulation of oral administration, validating the usefulness of these peptides to reduce the risk, ameliorate, or treat primary hypertension. In conclusion, this study reinforces, through in vitro studies, the benefits of oral administrated brewing bioactive peptides to directly manage hypertension by lowering blood pressure, thus being promising compounds. Abstract The treatment of hypertension is of major importance to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are anti-hypertensive drugs associated with several side effects. Natural products, namely bioactive peptides from brewing by-products, brewers’ spent grain (BSG), and yeast (BSY), are promising alternatives since they can inhibit ACE in vitro. However, the oral intake of these peptides may modify their expected inhibitory effect owing to possible changes in active peptides’ bioavailability, which have not been assessed so far. The goal of this study was to simulate oral administration to evaluate BSG/BSY peptides’ effectiveness by submitting protein hydrolysates sequentially to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption (Caco-2 cells), and liver metabolism (HepG2 cells). MTT assay was used to assess BSG/BSY protein hydrolysates safeness. The ACE-inhibitory potential of initial and final protein hydrolysates (BSY, BSG, and a new product, MIX) were tested using a fluorometric assay and compared with captopril (1 µM, an ACE-inhibitory drug). Simulation of oral administration greatly increased BSY and MIX protein hydrolysates’ ACE-inhibitory capacity, though final MIX and BSG revealed greater ACE-inhibitory potential than captopril. Notwithstanding, all final protein hydrolysates presented ACE-inhibitory capacity, thus being promising compounds to manage hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Zita E. Martins
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ângelo Faria
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Beatriz Sousa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.M.P.L.V.O.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.M.P.L.V.O.F.); (C.D.)
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Cai J, Xing L, Zhang W, Fu L, Zhang J. Selection of Potential Probiotic Yeasts from Dry-Cured Xuanwei Ham and Identification of Yeast-Derived Antioxidant Peptides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101970. [PMID: 36290693 PMCID: PMC9598758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to select potential probiotic yeasts from dry-cured Xuanwei ham and investigate yeast-derived antioxidant peptides. The results showed that two strains (XHY69 and XHY79) were selected as potential probiotic yeasts and identified as Yamadazyma triangularis. The two yeasts showed tolerance under pH 2.5 and 1% bile salt, in addition to protease activity, auto-aggregation, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. The peptide fraction (MW < 3 kDa) isolated from XHY69 fermentation broth, named XHY69AP, showed higher radical scavenging activities than glutathione at a concentration of 4.5 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The fraction (AP-D10) was purified from XHY69AP by gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and then further identified by a UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The molecular weight of all 55 purified sequences was distributed between 0.370 and 0.735 kDa. Among these seven novel peptides, Tyr-Pro-Leu-Pro (YPLP), Ala-Gly-Pro-Leu (AGPL), Gly-Pro-Phe-Pro (GPFP), and Ala-Pro-Gly-Gly-Phe (APGGF) were identified. All sequences were abundant in hydrophobic amino acids, especially proline residue. Among these novel peptides, YPLP possessed the highest ABTS scavenging rate (75.48%). The present work selects two new probiotic potential yeasts from dry-cured Xuanwei ham that are effective to yield novel antioxidant peptides.
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Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Martins ZE, Sousa JB, Ferreira IM, Diniz C. The health-promoting potential of peptides from brewing by-products: An up-to-date review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pinho SC, Faria MA, Melo A, Pinto E, Almeida A, Alves R, Cabrita AR, Fonseca AJ, Ferreira IM. Effect of skimmed milk on intestinal tract: Prevention of increased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide formation. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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Zhan Q, Wang Q, Liu Q, Guo Y, Gong F, Hao L, Wu H, Dong Z. The antioxidant activity of protein fractions from Sacha inchi seeds after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
The repurposing of by-products and the reduction of waste from food processing streams is an ever-increasing area of interest. Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) is a prevalent by-product of the brewing industry. The spent yeast cells are removed at the end of the bulk fermentation. A small amount of it is used to start the next batch of fermentation; however, the majority of the spent yeast is discarded. This discarded yeast is high in nutrients, in particular proteins, vitamins and minerals, as well as containing functional and biologically active compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidants, β-glucans and mannoproteins. At present, BSY is mainly used in animal feed as a cheap and readily available source of protein. This review explores alternative, value-added applications for brewer’s spent yeast including nutritional ingredients, functional food additives as well as non-food applications. A major challenge in the utilization of BSY in food for human consumption is the high level of RNA. An excess of RNA in the diet can lead to an increase in uric acid in the bloodstream, potentially causing painful health conditions like gout. This issue can be overcome by RNA degradation and removal via additional treatment, namely heat treatment and enzymatic treatment. There is potential for the use of BSY ingredients in various food applications, including meat substitutes, bakery products and savory snacks.
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Wang YT, Russo DP, Liu C, Zhou Q, Zhu H, Zhang YH. Predictive Modeling of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Using Various Machine Learning Approaches. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12132-12140. [PMID: 32915574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food-derived angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides could potentially be used as safe supportive therapeutic products for high blood pressure. Theoretical approaches are promising methods with the advantage through exploring the relationships between peptide structures and their bioactivities. In this study, peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were collected and curated. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed by using the combination of various machine learning approaches and chemical descriptors. The resultant models have revealed several structure features accounting for the ACE inhibitions. 14 new dipeptides predicted to lower blood pressure by inhibiting ACE were selected. Molecular docking indicated that these dipeptides formed hydrogen bonds with ACE. Five of these dipeptides were synthesized for experimental testing. The QSAR models developed were proofed to design and propose novel ACE inhibitory peptides. Machine learning algorithms and properly selected chemical descriptors can be promising modeling approaches for rational design of natural functional food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Daniel P Russo
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
| | - Ying-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
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Huang Y, Wang J, Hou Y, Hu SQ. Production of yeast hydrolysates by Bacillus subtilis derived enzymes and antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2020.1791174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Huang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Lab of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song-Qing Hu
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Marson GV, de Castro RJS, Belleville MP, Hubinger MD. Spent brewer's yeast as a source of high added value molecules: a systematic review on its characteristics, processing and potential applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:95. [PMID: 32583032 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of new strategies to add-value to agro-industrial by-products are of environmental and economical importance. Innovative and low-cost sources of protein and bioactive peptides have been explored worldwide. Spent brewer's yeast (SBY) is the second most relevant by-product from the brewing industry, and despite its nutritional (about 50% protein, dry weight) and technological potential, it is still underused or needs to be disposed of. SBY cells need to be disrupted to release intracellular and cell wall proteins. This procedure has been performed using autolysis, glass bead milling, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound processing. Enzymatic treatment is usually performed without prior purification and is a challenging process, which involves multiple factors, but has been successfully used as a strategy to add value to agro-industrial by-products. Scope and approach: in this review, we particularly focused on enzymatic hydrolysis as a strategy to promote SBY valorisation, illustrating the state-of-the-art processes used to produce protein extracts from this material as well as exploring fundamental concepts related to the particularities of yeast cell disruption and protein hydrolysis. Furthermore, innovative applications of value-added yeast by-products in food, biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries are presented and discussed. Key findings and conclusions: the discovery of valuable compounds found in spent yeasts as well as the development of new processing methodologies have been widening the possibilities of reuse and transformation of SBY as an ingredient and innovative matrix. Once released, yeast proteins and peptides may be applied as an innovative non-animal protein source or a functional and bioactive ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vollet Marson
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, UM, CC 047, 2 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France. .,Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marie-Pierre Belleville
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, UM, CC 047, 2 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Miriam Dupas Hubinger
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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Jiang X, Pan D, Zhang T, Liu C, Zhang J, Su M, Wu Z, Zeng X, Sun Y, Guo Y. Novel milk casein–derived peptides decrease cholesterol micellar solubility and cholesterol intestinal absorption in Caco-2 cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3924-3936. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fan H, Wang J, Liao W, Jiang X, Wu J. Identification and Characterization of Gastrointestinal-Resistant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Egg White Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7147-7156. [PMID: 31140270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Egg proteins are recognized as excellent sources of bioactive peptides, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides. Oral administration of a thermolysin-digested egg white hydrolysate (T-EWH) caused a significant blood pressure reduction in spontaneously hypertensive rats; a further ACEi assay implied that its ACEi activity was enhanced after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. These results indicated that T-EWH contained ACEi peptides resisting GI digestion and/or being further released during GI digestion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify these responsible ACEi peptides from T-EWH. The conventionally activity-guided fractionation was applied, coupled with a synchronized GI digestion throughout, during which both peptide yield and ACEi activity before and after the GI digestion were measured. Finally, six ACEi peptides (LAPYK, LKISQ, LKYAT, INKVVR, LFLIKH, and LGHWVY) with good GI resistance were identified with IC50 values <20 μM, especially LKYAT (0.09 μM). The structure-activity relationship of these peptides was discussed. The discovery of GI-resistant ACEi peptides could further support the application of egg white proteins as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Jiapei Wang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
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18
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Zhang T, Su M, Jiang X, Xue Y, Zhang J, Zeng X, Wu Z, Guo Y, Pan D. Transepithelial Transport Route and Liposome Encapsulation of Milk-Derived ACE-Inhibitory Peptide Arg-Leu-Ser-Phe-Asn-Pro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5544-5551. [PMID: 31007021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the transepithelial transport route of Arg-Leu-Ser-Phe-Asn-Pro (RLSFNP), a milk-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide, and to encapsulate RLSFNP in a liposome to improve its intestinal bioavailability. The transport route was investigated using transport inhibitors in a human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Sodium azide and wortmannin significantly reduced the permeability of RLSFNP ( P < 0.01), indicating that energy-dependent transcytosis is involved in the transport of RLSFNP across Caco-2 cells. The hexapeptide RLSFNP was then embedded in liposomes, and the RLSFNP liposome was characterized. Afterward, the cellular uptake and transepithelial transport ability of the RLSFNP liposome across Caco-2 cell monolayers was observed. The results demonstrated that the RLSFNP liposome was successfully prepared, having a significant sustained release and storage capability. The RLSFNP liposome can be absorbed by Caco-2 cells, with an increased intestinal absorption of RLSFNP compared to RLSFNP alone. The results showed a new way to improve RLSFNP intestinal bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Mi Su
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Yiqiu Xue
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Daodong Pan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , P. R. China
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Chakrabarti S, Guha S, Majumder K. Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides in Human Health: Challenges and Opportunities. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1738. [PMID: 30424533 PMCID: PMC6265732 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific evidence suggests that food proteins not only serve as nutrients, but can also modulate the body's physiological functions. These physiological functions are primarily regulated by some peptides that are encrypted in the native protein sequences. These bioactive peptides can exert health beneficial properties and thus are considered as a lead compound for the development of nutraceuticals or functional foods. In the past few decades, a wide range of food-derived bioactive peptide sequences have been identified, with multiple health beneficial activities. However, the commercial application of these bioactive peptides has been delayed because of the absence of appropriate and scalable production methods, proper exploration of the mechanisms of action, high gastro-intestinal digestibility, variable absorption rate, and the lack of well-designed clinical trials to provide the substantial evidence for potential health claims. This review article discusses the current techniques, challenges of the current bioactive peptide production techniques, the oral use and gastrointestinal bioavailability of these food-derived bioactive peptides, and the overall regulatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Snigdha Guha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
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Cian RE, Garzón AG, Martínez-Augustin O, Botto CC, Drago SR. Antithrombotic Activity of Brewers' Spent Grain Peptides and their Effects on Blood Coagulation Pathways. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:241-246. [PMID: 29992417 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antithrombotic activity of brewers' spent grain peptides before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and their effects on blood coagulation pathways were evaluated. Two hydrolysates were produced using sequential enzymatic systems: alkaline protease + Flavourzyme (AF) and neutral protease + Flavourzyme (PF). Simulation of gastrointestinal digestion of AF and PF hydrolysates was made using porcine pepsin and pancreatin enzymes, obtaining the corresponding digested samples: AFD and PFD, respectively. Peptides were fractionated by ultrafiltration using a 1 kDa cut-off membrane. Hydrolysates had peptides with medium and low molecular weights (2100 and 500 Da, respectively), and Glu, Asp, Leu, Ala, and Phe were the most abundant amino acids. Gastrointestinal digested hydrolysates presented high proportion of small peptides (~500 Da), and higher amount of Val, Tyr, and Phe than hydrolysates. Mass spectrum (HDMS Q-TOF) of AFD-ultrafiltered fraction <1 kDa exhibited peptides from 500 to 1000 Da, which are not present in AF. PFD showed the generation of new peptides from 430 to 1070 Da. All samples showed thrombin inhibitory activity. However, no effect was observed on prothrombin time. Peptides <1 kDa from hydrolysates and digested samples delayed thrombin and thromboplastin time respect to the control (~63%). Also the samples showed thrombin inhibitory activity at common pathway level. Thus, brewers' spent grain peptides exerted their antithrombotic activity by inhibiting the intrinsic and common pathways of blood coagulation. This is the first report to demonstrate that brewers' spent grain peptides are able to delay clotting time after simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Antonela G Garzón
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cecilia C Botto
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - UNL, Paraje el Pozo s/n, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Gleeson JP, Frías JM, Ryan SM, Brayden DJ. Sodium caprate enables the blood pressure-lowering effect of Ile-Pro-Pro and Leu-Lys-Pro in spontaneously hypertensive rats by indirectly overcoming PepT1 inhibition. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:179-187. [PMID: 29684535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The tripeptides, Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) and Leu-Lys-Pro (LKP), inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) resulting in lowered blood pressure. Our hypothesis was that the medium chain fatty acid permeation enhancer, sodium caprate (C10), may prevent the decrease in permeability of the tripeptides when PepT1 is inhibited by glycyl-sarcosine (Gly-Sar), a situation that may occur in the presence of food hydrolysates. Using Caco-2 monolayers and isolated rat jejunal tissue, the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of [3H]-IPP and [3H]-LKP were assessed in the presence of Gly-Sar with and without C10. Gly-Sar decreased the Papp of both tripeptides across monolayers and isolated jejunal tissue, but C10 restored it. C10 likely increased the paracellular permeability of the tripeptides, as indicated by immunofluorescence changes in tight junction proteins in Caco-2 monolayers accompanied by a concentration-dependent decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). [3H]-IPP and [3H]-LKP were orally-gavaged to normal rats with Gly-Sar, C10, or with a mixture. Plasma levels of both peptides were reduced by Gly-Sar to less than half that of the levels detected in its absence, but were restored when C10 was co-administered. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), unlabelled IPP and LKP lowered blood pressure when delivered either by i.v. or oral routes. Oral gavage of Gly-Sar reduced the hypotensive action of peptides in SHRs, but the effect was restored in the presence of C10. In conclusion, there was a reduction in the hypotensive effects of IPP and LKP in SHRs when intestinal PepT1 was inhibited by Gly-Sar, but C10 may circumvent this by enhancing paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gleeson
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA(1)
| | - Jesús M Frías
- Environmental Science and Health Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Ryan
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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22
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Protein hydrolysate from canned sardine and brewing by-products improves TNF-α-induced inflammation in an intestinal–endothelial co-culture cell model. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2275-2286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gleeson JP, Brayden DJ, Ryan SM. Evaluation of PepT1 transport of food-derived antihypertensive peptides, Ile-Pro-Pro and Leu-Lys-Pro using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo transport models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:276-284. [PMID: 28315445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) and Leu-Lys-Pro (LKP) are food-derived antihypertensive peptides which inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and may have potential to attenuate hypertension. There is debate over their mechanism of uptake across small intestinal epithelia, but paracellular and PepT1 carrier-mediated uptake are thought to be important routes. The aim of this study was to determine their routes of intestinal permeability using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo intestinal models. The presence of an apical side pH of 6.5 (mimicking the intestinal acidic microclimate) and of Gly-Sar (a high affinity competitive inhibitor and substrate for PepT1) were tested on the transepithelial apical to basolateral (A to B) transport of [3H]-IPP and [3H]-LKP across filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers in vitro and rat jejunal mucosae ex vivo. A buffer pH of 6.5 on the apical side enabled Gly-Sar to reduce the apparent permeability (Papp) of [3H]-IPP and [3H]-LKP, but this inhibition was not evident at an apical buffer pH of 7.4. Gly-Sar reduced the Papp across isolated jejunal mucosae and the area under the curve (AUC) in intra-jejunal instillations when the apical/luminal buffer pH was either 7.4 or 6.5. However, the jejunal surface acidic pH was maintained in rat jejunal tissue even when the apical side buffer pH was 7.4 due to the presence of the microclimate which is not present in monolayers. PepT1 expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence on monolayers and brush border of rat jejunal tissue. This data suggest that IPP and LKP are highly permeable and cross small intestinal epithelia in part by the PepT1 transporter, with an additional contribution from the paracellular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gleeson
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Ryan
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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