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Li S, Feng W, Wu J, Cui H, Wang Y, Liang T, An J, Chen W, Guo Z, Lei H. A Narrative Review: Immunometabolic Interactions of Host-Gut Microbiota and Botanical Active Ingredients in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9096. [PMID: 39201782 PMCID: PMC11354385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is where the majority of gut microbiota settles; therefore, the composition of the gut microbiota and the changes in metabolites, as well as their modulatory effects on the immune system, have a very important impact on the development of gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of this article was to review the role of the gut microbiota in the host environment and immunometabolic system and to summarize the beneficial effects of botanical active ingredients on gastrointestinal cancer, so as to provide prospective insights for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. A literature search was performed on the PubMed database with the keywords "gastrointestinal cancer", "gut microbiota", "immunometabolism", "SCFAs", "bile acids", "polyamines", "tryptophan", "bacteriocins", "immune cells", "energy metabolism", "polyphenols", "polysaccharides", "alkaloids", and "triterpenes". The changes in the composition of the gut microbiota influenced gastrointestinal disorders, whereas their metabolites, such as SCFAs, bacteriocins, and botanical metabolites, could impede gastrointestinal cancers and polyamine-, tryptophan-, and bile acid-induced carcinogenic mechanisms. GPRCs, HDACs, FXRs, and AHRs were important receptor signals for the gut microbial metabolites in influencing the development of gastrointestinal cancer. Botanical active ingredients exerted positive effects on gastrointestinal cancer by influencing the composition of gut microbes and modulating immune metabolism. Gastrointestinal cancer could be ameliorated by altering the gut microbial environment, administering botanical active ingredients for treatment, and stimulating or blocking the immune metabolism signaling molecules. Despite extensive and growing research on the microbiota, it appeared to represent more of an indicator of the gut health status associated with adequate fiber intake than an autonomous causative factor in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. This study detailed the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers and the botanical active ingredients used for their treatment in the hope of providing inspiration for research into simpler, safer, and more effective treatment pathways or therapeutic agents in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlan Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Herong Cui
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yiting Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Tianzhen Liang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jin An
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wanling Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhuoqian Guo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.A.); (W.C.); (Z.G.)
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Hu J, Li P, Zhao H, Ji P, Yang Y, Ma J, Zhao X. Alterations of gut microbiota and its correlation with the liver metabolome in the process of ameliorating Parkinson's disease with Buyang Huanwu decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116893. [PMID: 37423520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, was first recorded in Qing Dynasty physician Qingren Wang's Yi Lin Gai Cuo. BHD has been widely utilized in the treatment of patients with neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In particular, little is known about the role of gut microbiota. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to reveal the alterations and functions of gut microbiota and its correlation with the liver metabolome in the process of improving PD with BHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cecal contents were collected from PD mice treated with or without BHD. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq-PE250 platform, and the ecological structure, dominant taxa, co-occurrence patterns, and function prediction of the gut microbial community were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods. The correlation between differential microbial communities in the gut and differentially accumulated metabolites in the liver was analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS The abundance of Butyricimonas, Christensenellaceae, Coprococcus, Peptococcaceae, Odoribacteraceae, and Roseburia was altered significantly in the model group, which was by BHD. Ten genera, namely Dorea, unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospira, unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, unclassified_Clostridiales, unidentified_Clostridiales, Bacteroides, unclassified_Prevotellaceae, unidentified_Rikenellaceae, and unidentified_S24-7, were identified as key bacterial communities. According to the function prediction of differential genera, the mRNA surveillance pathway might be a target of BHD. Integrated analysis of gut microbiota and the liver metabolome revealed that several gut microbiota genera such as Parabacteroides, Ochrobactrum, Acinetobacter, Clostridium, and Halomonas, were positively or negatively correlated with some nervous system-related metabolites, such as L-carnitine, L-pyroglutamic acid, oleic acid, and taurine. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota might be a target of BHD in the process of ameliorating PD. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the effects of BHD on PD and contribute to the development of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianran Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Pengyu Ji
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Li D, Luo ZB, Zhu J, Wang JX, Jin ZY, Qi S, Jin M, Quan LH. Ginsenoside F2-Mediated Intestinal Microbiota and Its Metabolite Propionic Acid Positively Impact the Gut-Skin Axis in Atopic Dermatitis Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:339-350. [PMID: 38150707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease induced by multiple factors. AD can also cause intestinal inflammation and disorders of the gut microbiota. Ginseng is a kind of edible and medicinal plant; its main active components are ginsenosides. Ginsenosides have a variety of anti-inflammatory effects and regulate the gut microbiota; however, their role in AD and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we found that intragastric administration of ginsenoside F2 improved AD-like skin symptoms and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, serum immunoglobulin E levels, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in AD mice. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis showed that ginsenoside F2 altered the intestinal microbiota structure and enriched the short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota in AD mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed that ginsenoside F2 significantly increased the propionic acid (Pa) content of feces and serum in AD mice, which was positively correlated with significant enrichment of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Lactobacillus plantarum in the intestines. Pa inhibits inflammatory responses in the gut and skin of AD mice through the G-protein-coupled receptor43/NF-κB pathway, thereby improving skin AD symptoms. These results revealed, for the first time, the mechanism by which ginsenoside F2 improves AD through the Pa (a metabolite of intestinal microbiota)-gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Li
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Shaobo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Hu QR, Hong H, Zhang ZH, Feng H, Luo T, Li J, Deng ZY, Chen F. Methods on improvements of the poor oral bioavailability of ginsenosides: Pre-processing, structural modification, drug combination, and micro- or nano- delivery system. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:694-705. [PMID: 38107396 PMCID: PMC10721471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used as tonic in Asia. The main pharmacologically active components of ginseng are the dammarane-type ginsenosides, which have been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, and metabolic regulatory activities. Moreover, some of ginsenosides (eg, Rh2 and Rg3) have been developed into nutraceuticals. However, the utilization of ginsenosides in clinic is restrictive due to poor permeability in cells and low bioavailability in human body. Obviously, the dammarane skeleton and glycosyls of ginsenosides are responsible for these limitations. Therefore, improving the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides has become a pressing issue. Here, based on the structures of ginsenosides, we summarized the understanding of the factors affecting the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides, introduced the methods to enhance the oral bioavailability and proposed the future perspectives on improving the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huan Hong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi-hong Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ze-yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Cao Y, Tao F, Yu Y, Song L, Zhang R, Feng J, Zhai Q, Xue P. Safety evaluation of rare ginsenosides of stems and leaves from American ginseng: 90-day exposure toxicity study combined with intestinal flora analysis and metabonomics in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115429. [PMID: 37660532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare ginsenosides have already been widely applied in many fields, including health food and bio-medicine. The human being can expose to rare ginsenosides directly or indirectly increasingly. However, there are few studies on the safety assessment of rare ginsenoside mixtures. In the present study, the sub-chronic toxicity of rare ginsenosides for 90 days on SD rats was performed by combining the intestinal flora analysis and urine metabonomics aiming to illustrate the safety of long-term consumption of rare ginsenosides and the potential damage for liver and intestinal. 48 adult rats were divided into four groups: control (0 mg/kg), low-dose (60 mg/kg), medium-dose (200 mg/kg), and high-dose (600 mg/kg). Rats in the high-dose group showed inflammatory changes in their livers and intestines. The strong bactericidal effect of rare ginsenosides caused intestinal flora disorder and changed the structure of intestinal flora in rats, thus inducing intestinal damage in rats. In the high-dose group, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) increased significantly. As a result of the high-dose treatment, certain metabolic pathways were altered, such as vitamin B6 metabolism, methionine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and others. These results indicated that high doses of rare ginsenosides induced liver injury by affecting the above metabolic pathways. Rare ginsenosides with no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were below 200 mg/kg/day in vivo. Thus, this present study provides insight into the rational use of rare ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Tao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Linmeng Song
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- School of Rehabilitation, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China.
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Zuo WF, Pang Q, Yao LP, Zhang Y, Peng C, Huang W, Han B. Gut microbiota: A magical multifunctional target regulated by medicine food homology species. J Adv Res 2023; 52:151-170. [PMID: 37269937 PMCID: PMC10555941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between gut microbiota and human health has gradually been recognized. Increasing studies show that the disorder of gut microbiota is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are responsible for their extensive regulatory roles. In addition, naturally derived medicine food homology species with low toxicity and high efficiency have been clearly defined owing to their outstanding physiological and pharmacological properties in disease prevention and treatment. AIM OF REVIEW Based on supporting evidence, the current review summarizes the representative work of medicine food homology species targeting the gut microbiota to regulate host pathophysiology and discusses the challenges and prospects in this field. It aims to facilitate the understanding of the relationship among medicine food homology species, gut microbiota, and human health and further stimulate the advancement of more relevant research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As this review reveals, from the initial practical application to more mechanism studies, the relationship among medicine food homology species, gut microbiota, and human health has evolved into an irrefutable interaction. On the one hand, through affecting the population structure, metabolism, and function of gut microbiota, medicine food homology species maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment and human health by affecting the population structure, metabolism, and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, the gut microbiota is also involved in the bioconversion of the active ingredients from medicine food homology species and thus influences their physiological and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lai-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Wang Y, Han Q, Zhang S, Xing X, Sun X. New perspective on the immunomodulatory activity of ginsenosides: Focus on effective therapies for post-COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115154. [PMID: 37454595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 700 million confirmed cases of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been reported globally, and 10-60% of patients are expected to exhibit "post-COVID-19 symptoms," which will continue to affect human life and health. In the absence of safer, more specific drugs, current multiple immunotherapies have failed to achieve satisfactory efficacy. Ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, is often used as an immunomodulator and has been used in COVID-19 treatment as a tonic to increase blood oxygen saturation. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng. In this review, we summarize the multiple ways in which ginsenosides affect post-COVID-19 symptoms, including inhibition of lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor signaling, modulation of chemokine receptors and inflammasome activation, induction of macrophage polarization, effects on Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa-B, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, lymphocytes, intestinal flora, and epigenetic regulation. Ginsenosides affect virus-mediated tissue damage, local or systemic inflammation, immune modulation, and other links, thus alleviating respiratory and pulmonary symptoms, reducing the cardiac burden, protecting the nervous system, and providing new ideas for the rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID-19 symptoms. Furthermore, we analyzed its role in strengthening body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors from the perspective of ginseng-epidemic disease and highlighted the challenges in clinical applications. However, the benefit of ginsenosides in modulating organismal imbalance post-COVID-19 needs to be further evaluated to better validate the pharmacological mechanisms associated with their traditional efficacy and to determine their role in individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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Yao Z, Guo J, Du B, Hong L, Zhu Y, Feng X, Hou Y, Shi A. Effects of Shenling Baizhu powder on intestinal microflora metabolites and liver mitochondrial energy metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1147067. [PMID: 37538846 PMCID: PMC10394096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. Shenling Baizhu powder (SLBZP) is formulated from various natural medicinal plants that protect the liver and are used to treat intestinal diseases. SLBZP improves the symptoms of NAFLD. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the ameliorative effect of SLBZP on model mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of SLBZP on the intestinal flora and its metabolites and mitochondrial energy metabolism in NAFLD. Methods We used HFD to establish a mouse model of NAFLD. Different drug interventions were administered. We measured serum biochemical indices. Liver sections were visualised with hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology was used to analyse the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestinal contents were detected using GC-MS. Liver tissue was sampled to detect mitochondrial membrane functional indices. Western blotting was used to determine the levels of mitochondrial pathway-related proteins, namely, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) of F1Fo ATP synthesis/hydrolase, in the liver. Results The spleen-invigorating classic recipe of SLBZP reduced liver lipid deposition in mice with HFD-induced NAFLD. Additionally, SCFAs produced by intestinal flora metabolism regulated the UCP2/AMPK/IF1 signalling pathway involved in liver mitochondrial energy metabolism to improve the liver mitochondrial membrane permeability, respiratory state and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency of mice with NAFLD. Finally, SLBZP increased the liver ATP level. Conclusion Our results suggest that the therapeutic effect of SLBZP on NAFLD is related to the regulation of hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism by intestinal flora and its metabolites and is possibly associated with the UCP2/AMPK/IF1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Dongtai City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, China
| | - Bing Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Li Hong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Wuhan Special Service Recuperation Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyi Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanlu Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Anhua Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Kunming, China
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Zhang Y, Hao R, Chen J, Li S, Huang K, Cao H, Farag MA, Battino M, Daglia M, Capanoglu E, Zhang F, Sun Q, Xiao J, Sun Z, Guan X. Health benefits of saponins and its mechanisms: perspectives from absorption, metabolism, and interaction with gut. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37216483 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Saponins, consisting of sapogenins as their aglycones and carbohydrate chains, are widely found in plants and some marine organisms. Due to the complexity of the structure of saponins, involving different types of sapogenins and sugar moieties, investigation of their absorption and metabolism is limited, which further hinders the explanation of their bioactivities. Large molecular weight and complex structures limit the direct absorption of saponins rendering their low bioavailability. As such, their major modes of action may be due to interaction with the gastrointestinal environment, such as enzymes and nutrients, and interaction with the gut microbiota. Many studies have reported the interaction between saponins and gut microbiota, that is, the effects of saponins on changing the composition of gut microbiota, and gut microbiota playing an indispensable role in the biotransformation of saponins into sapogenins. However, the metabolic routes of saponins by gut microbiota and their mutual interactions are still sparse. Thus, this review summarizes the chemistry, absorption, and metabolic pathways of saponins, as well as their interactions with gut microbiota and impacts on gut health, to better understand how saponins exert their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruojie Hao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junda Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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10
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Wang X, Hou L, Cui M, Liu J, Wang M, Xie J. The traditional Chinese medicine and non-small cell lung cancer: from a gut microbiome perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151557. [PMID: 37180438 PMCID: PMC10167031 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most serious diseases affecting human health today, and current research is focusing on gut flora. There is a correlation between intestinal flora imbalance and lung cancer, but the specific mechanism is not clear. Based on the "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" and the "lung-intestinal axis" theory. Here, based on the theoretical comparisons of Chinese and western medicine, we summarized the regulation of intestinal flora in NSCLC by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbal compounds and their intervention effects, which is conducive to providing new strategies and ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an, China
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
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11
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Huo R, Wang M, Wei X, Qiu Y. Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Black Ginseng. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200846. [PMID: 36789670 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, black ginseng, a new type of processed ginseng product, has attracted the attention of scholars globally. Ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide, the main active substances of black ginseng, have been shown to carry curative effects for many diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of their action in anti-inflammatory response, which is mainly divided into three aspects: activation of immune cells to exert immune regulatory response; participation in inflammatory response-related pathways and regulation of the expression level of inflammatory factors; effect on the metabolic activity of intestinal flora. This study identifies active anti-inflammatory components and an action mechanism of black ginseng showing multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel characteristics, providing ideas and a basis for a follow-up in-depth study of its specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huo
- Pharmacy College of, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Pharmacy College of, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Pharmacy College of, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Pharmacy College of, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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12
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Fu X, Chen K, Li Z, Fan H, Xu B, Liu M, Guo L, Xie Z, Liu K, Zhang S, Kou L. Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability of Panax Notoginseng Saponins Administered to Rats Using a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:469-479. [PMID: 36576094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the most important bioactive components of P. Notoginseng. In this paper, an evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and oral absolute bioavailability of PNS was carried out following intravenous and oral administration of PNS to Sprague-Dawley rats. The plasma concentration of 28 PNS was determined using a validated UPLC-MS/MS system. The results demonstrated that Rb1(32.8%), Rg1(41.4%), R1(9.4%), Re(4.5%), and Rd(3.5%) are the five main ingredients of PNS for administration. After oral administration, it was found that the area under the curve (AUC0-72 h) for these five major saponins was significantly different. AUC0-72 h of Rb1 and Rd accounted for about 60% of all PNS exposure, while AUC0-72 h of Rg1 and R1 only accounted for 0.7%, and Re was undetectable in plasma. Also, PPD, PPT, and CK were detected as the major PNS metabolites in vivo. Furthermore, it was shown that the total oral bioavailability of PNS was only 1.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhen Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Huaying Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Zeping Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shandong Boyuan Biomedical Co., Ltd., Yantai264003, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, China
| | - Lijuan Kou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, China
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13
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Tao R, Lu K, Zong G, Xia Y, Han H, Zhao Y, Wei Z, Lu Y. Ginseng polysaccharides: Potential antitumor agents. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:9-22. [PMID: 36644386 PMCID: PMC9834022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a famous herbal medicine in China and Asia, ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is also known as the "King of All Herbs" and has long been used in medicine and healthcare. In addition to the obvious biological activities of ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides (GPs) exhibit excellent antitumor, antioxidant stress, and immunomodulatory effects. In particular, GPs can exert an antitumor effect and is a potential immunomodulator. However, due to the complexity and diversity in the structures and components of GPs, their specific physicochemical properties, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this article, we have summarized the factors influencing the antitumor activity of GPs and their mechanism of action, including the stimulation of the immune system, regulation of the gut microbiota, and direct action on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Keqin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gangfan Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawen Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongkuan Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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14
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Medicinal Plants and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102111. [PMID: 35631252 PMCID: PMC9144835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various neurocognitive and mental health-related conditions have been associated with the gut microbiome, implicating a microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The aim of this systematic review was to identify, categorize, and review clinical evidence supporting medicinal plants for the treatment of mental disorders and studies on their interactions with the gut microbiota. Methods: This review included medicinal plants for which clinical studies on depression, sleeping disorders, anxiety, or cognitive dysfunction as well as scientific evidence of interaction with the gut microbiome were available. The studies were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Eighty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and covered thirty mental health-related medicinal plants with data on interaction with the gut microbiome. Conclusion: Only a few studies have been specifically designed to assess how herbal preparations affect MGBA-related targets or pathways. However, many studies provide hints of a possible interaction with the MGBA, such as an increased abundance of health-beneficial microorganisms, anti-inflammatory effects, or MGBA-related pathway effects by gut microbial metabolites. Data for Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Salvia rosmarinus indicate that the interaction of their constituents with the gut microbiota could mediate mental health benefits. Studies specifically assessing the effects on MGBA-related pathways are still required for most medicinal plants.
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15
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Yan C, Hao C, Jin W, Dong WW, Quan LH. Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 to Ginsenoside F2 by Recombinant β-glucosidase from Rat Intestinal Enterococcus gallinarum. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Zheng F, Zhang MY, Wu YX, Wang YZ, Li FT, Han MX, Dai YL, Yue H. Biotransformation of Ginsenosides (Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 , Rc) in Human Intestinal Bacteria and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100296. [PMID: 34665516 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, including Rb1 , Rb2 , Rb3 and Rc, belong to protopanaxadiol-type saponins in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Their contents are high in P. ginseng. They could inhibit oxidant stress, enhance immunity, lower blood sugar, resist tumor cells and facilitate other physiological activities. This study aimed to explore the interaction between ginsenosides Rb1 , Rb2 , Rb3 and Rc and the intestinal flora of healthy people. It also sought to analyse the biotransformation products and pathways of these ginsenosides in in-vitro human intestinal bacteria and their effects on the diversity of human intestinal flora. Human intestinal bacteria were incubated with ginsenosides Rb1 , Rb2 , Rb3 and Rc at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions. Samples were taken at different timepoints. The transformed products were identified by rapid high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After 48 h of transformation, the transformed product of ginsenosides Rb1 , Rb2 , Rb3 and Rc was ginsenoside compound K. The transformation rates were 83.5 %, 88.7 %, 85.6 %, and 84.2 %. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to the bioinformatic analysis of faecal samples incubated for 48 h. Relative to the blank control, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria significantly increased at the phylum level. Moreover, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly decreased in ginsenosides Rb1 , Rb2 , Rb3 and Rc. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia significantly increased, whereas that of Dorea, Prevotella and Megasphaera significantly decreased in all groups. These results showed that Rb1 , Rb2 , Rb3 and Rc could improve the structure and diversity of human intestinal flora and balance the metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yu Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xi Wu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Zhu Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Tong Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xin Han
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lin Dai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
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17
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Sugiyama A. Flavonoids and saponins in plant rhizospheres: roles, dynamics, and the potential for agriculture. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1919-1931. [PMID: 34113972 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are in constant interaction with a myriad of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere, an area of soil in close contact with plant roots. Recent research has highlighted the importance of plant-specialized metabolites (PSMs) in shaping and modulating the rhizosphere microbiota; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and function of the microbiota mostly remain unaddressed. Flavonoids and saponins are a group of PSMs whose biosynthetic pathways have largely been revealed. Although these PSMs are abundantly secreted into the rhizosphere and exert various functions, the secretion mechanisms have not been clarified. This review summarizes the roles of flavonoids and saponins in the rhizosphere with a special focus on interactions between plants and the rhizosphere microbiota. Furthermore, this review introduces recent advancements in the dynamics of these metabolites in the rhizosphere and indicates potential applications of PSMs for crop production and discusses perspectives in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Japan
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18
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Sun H, Zou Y, Kaw HY, Wang L, Wang G, Zhou JL, Meng LY, Li D. Carbon Nanofibers-Based Nanoconfined Liquid Phase Filtration for the Rapid Removal of Chlorinated Pesticides from Ginseng Extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9434-9442. [PMID: 34374286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A rapid nanoconfined liquid phase filtration system (NLPF) based on solvent-confined carbon nanofibers/carbon fiber materials (CNFs/CFs) was proposed to effectively remove chlorinated pesticides from ginsenosides-containing ginseng extracts. A series of major parameters that may affect the separation performance of the CNFs-NLPF method were extensively investigated, including the water solubility of nanoconfined solvents, filtration rate, ethanol content of the ginseng extracts, and reusability of the material for repeated adsorption. The developed method showed a high removal efficiency of pesticides (85.5-97.5%), high retainment rate of ginsenosides (95.4-98.9%), and consistent reproducibility (RSD < 11.8%). Furthermore, the feasibility of the CNFs-NLPF technique to be scaled-up for industrial application was systematically explored by analyzing large-volume ginseng extract (1 L), which also verified its excellent modifiable characteristic. This filtration method exhibits promising potential as a practical tool for removing pesticide residues and other organic pollutants in food samples to assure food quality and safeguard human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaze Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji city, Jilin 133002, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji city, Jilin 133002, P. R. China
| | - Han Yeong Kaw
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji city, Jilin 133002, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji city, Jilin 133002, P. R. China
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007 Australia
| | - Long-Yue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P. R. China
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji city, Jilin 133002, P. R. China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji city, Jilin 133002, P. R. China
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19
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Lianqun J, Xing J, Yixin M, Si C, Xiaoming L, Nan S, Guoyuan S, Yuan C, Ning Y, Yao W, Na Z, Kaixuan Z, Guanlin Y. Comprehensive multiomics analysis of the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9732-9747. [PMID: 33744860 PMCID: PMC8064217 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemic in model mice. Using stool, plasma and hepatic tissue samples, we observed that the genera Blautia and Allobaculum were increased and Turicibacter was decrease in Rb1-treated mice as compared to untreated model mice. Ether lipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Lipidomics revealed 169 metabolites differentially expressed between the model and Rb1 groups in a positive ion model and 58 in a negative ion model. These metabolites mainly participate in glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. The main metabolites enriched in these three pathways were phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol and ceramide, respectively. In a transcriptome analysis, 766 transcripts were differentially expressed between the Rb1 and model groups. KEGG analysis revealed lysine degradation, inositol phosphate metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism to be the main enriched pathways. Multiomics analysis revealed glycerophospholipid metabolism to be a common pathway and phosphatidylcholine the main metabolite differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Results from fecal transplanted germ-free mice suggest that to suppress hyperlipidemia, Rb1 regulates gut microbiota by regulating the synthesis and decomposition of phosphatidylcholine in glycerophospholipid metabolism, which in turn decreases serum total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lianqun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Xing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Yixin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Si
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Xiaoming
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui Guoyuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Na
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Kaixuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Guanlin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lin B, Qi X, Fang L, Zhao L, Zhang R, Jing J, Zhang S, Yang X, Hou Z, Xue P. In vivo acute toxicity and mutagenic analysis of crude saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd husks. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4829-4841. [PMID: 35424398 PMCID: PMC8694558 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a functional food factor, quinoa saponins are valuable as additives and in medical care, pharmaceutical development, cosmetics and other fields. However, few studies have investigated the toxicity of saponins. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of crude saponins extracted from quinoa husks. Thus, acute toxicity and excretion experiments were carried out in rats. The Ames test, micronucleus test and mouse sperm aberration test were carried out in mice. Results: In the acute toxicity study, the obtained LD50 was more than 10 g per kg per bw for both sexes, the food intake of all rats decreased over a period of time, and some rats developed diarrhea. In the case of large-dose gavage, the saponin excretion time in rats was approximately four days. When the dosage was 10 mg kg−1, quinoa saponins were hydrolyzed into aglycone within 24 hours and excreted out of the body. The results of the mutagenicity experiment showed that saponins had no mutagenicity in mice. Conclusion: This work has demonstrated that quinoa saponins have limited acute toxicity effects, which provides a theoretical basis for their rational utilization. As a functional food factor, quinoa saponins are valuable as additives and in medical care, pharmaceutical development, cosmetics and other fields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Lin
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Xiao Qi
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Jinjin Jing
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Shujie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
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21
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Liu L, Xu FR, Wang YZ. Traditional uses, chemical diversity and biological activities of Panax L. (Araliaceae): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:112792. [PMID: 32311488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax L. (Araliaceae) is globally-recognized plant resource suitable for the globalization of traditional Chinese medicines. It has traditionally been used as tonic agents in various ethnomedicinal systems of East Asia, especially in China. It is often used to regulate bodily functions and considered as adjuvant therapy for tumor, resuscitation of traumatic hemorrhagic shock, etc. AIM OF THIS REVIEW: This review systematically summarized the information on distributions, botanical characteristics, traditional uses, chemical components and biological activities of the genus Panax, in order to explore and exploit the therapeutic potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information about genus Panax was collected via the online search on Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Springer search. The keywords used include Panax, saponin, secondary metabolites, chemical components, biological activity, pharmacology, traditional medicinal uses, safety and other related words. The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) and Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist (www.catalogueoflife.org/col/) databases were used to provide the scientific names, subspecies classification and distribution information of Panax. RESULTS Panax is widely assessed concerning its phytochemistry and biological activities. To date, at least 748 chemical compounds from genus Panax were isolated, including saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, steroids and phenols. Among them, triterpenoid saponins and polysaccharides were the representative active ingredients of Panax plants, which have been widely investigated. Modern pharmacological studies showed that these compounds exhibited a wide range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo including antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, hepatorenal protective, neuroprotective, immunoregulatory, cardioprotective and antidiabetic activities. Many studies also confirmed that the mechanisms of organ-protective were closely related to molecular signaling pathways, the expression of related proteins and antioxidant reactions. To sum up, genus Panax has high medicinal and social value, deserving further investigation. CONCLUSIONS The genus Panax is very promising to be fully utilized in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies on ethnomedicinal uses of Panax plants. In addition, further studies of single chemical component should be performed based on the diversity of chemical structure, significant biological activities and clinical application. If the bioactive molecules and multicomponent interactions are discovered, it will be of great significance to the clinical application of Panax plants. It is an urgent requirement to carry out detailed phytochemical, pharmacology and clinical research on Panax classical prescriptions for the establishment of modern medication guidelines. Exploring the molecular basis of herbal synergistic actions may provide a new understanding of the complex disease mechanisms and accelerate the process of pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Fu-Rong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Singh B, Mal G, Sharma D, Sharma R, Antony CP, Kalra RS. Gastrointestinal biotransformation of phytochemicals: Towards futuristic dietary therapeutics and functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yang M, Yan T, Yu M, Kang J, Gao R, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi L. Advances in understanding of health‐promoting benefits of medicine and food homology using analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomics. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Yang
- College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Meng Yu
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jie Kang
- Physical Education Institute Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Ruoxi Gao
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Yuhuan Zhang
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
- Internatinal Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
- Internatinal Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
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Quan LH, Zhang C, Dong M, Jiang J, Xu H, Yan C, Liu X, Zhou H, Zhang H, Chen L, Zhong FL, Luo ZB, Lam SM, Shui G, Li D, Jin W. Myristoleic acid produced by enterococci reduces obesity through brown adipose tissue activation. Gut 2020; 69:1239-1247. [PMID: 31744910 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary fibre has beneficial effects on energy metabolism, and the majority of studies have focused on short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota. Ginseng has been reported to aid in body weight management, however, its mechanism of action is not yet clear. In this study, we focused on the potential modulating effect of ginseng on gut microbiota, aiming to identify specific strains and their metabolites, especially long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), which mediate the anti-obesity effects of ginseng. DESIGN Db/db mice were gavaged with ginseng extract (GE) and the effects of GE on gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rDNA-based high throughput sequencing. To confirm the candidate fatty acids, untargeted metabolomics analyses of the serum and medium samples were performed. RESULTS We demonstrated that GE can induce Enterococcus faecalis, which can produce an unsaturated LCFA, myristoleic acid (MA). Our results indicate that E. faecalis and its metabolite MA can reduce adiposity by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and beige fat formation. In addition, the gene of E. faecalis encoding Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) exhibited the biosynthetic potential to synthesise MA, as knockdown (KD) of the ACOT gene by CRISPR-dCas9 significantly reduced MA production. Furthermore, exogenous treatment with KD E. faecalis could not reproduce the beneficial effects of wild type E. faecalis, which work by augmenting the circulating MA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiota-LCFA-BAT axis plays an important role in host metabolism, which may provide a strategic advantage for the next generation of anti-obesity drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunlong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Sin-Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xie G, Wu Y, Zheng T, Shen K, Tan Z. Effect of Debaryomyces hansenii combined with Qiweibaizhu powder extract on the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated mice with diarrhea. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:127. [PMID: 32140379 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an extract of Qiweibaizhu powder combined with Debaryomyces hansenii on the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated mice with diarrhea. Mice were gavaged with a mixture of gentamycin sulfate and cefradine to induce diarrhea. After diarrhea was observed, 25% dose of ultra-micro Qiweibaizhu powder extract combined with 25% dose of Debaryomyces hansenii (QCD) was gavaged to mice with diarrhea. DNA of intestinal contents in mice was extracted for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis by high-throughput sequencing following treatment finished. The results showed that the QCD increased the species richness and diversity, but did not recover the diversity to the original level. Antibiotics and QCD significantly altered the composition of gut microbiota at different taxonomic levels. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7 group_unidentified and Bacteroides returned to baseline after QCD treatment. Additionally, QCD suppressed the growth of Oscillospira and Ruminococcus, and promoted the proliferation of Erysipelotrichaceae_norank and Blautia compared with the healthy and diarrheal mice. Our results indicated that QCD modulated the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated mice with diarrhea. The synergistic effect between Qiweibaizhu powder extract and Debaryomyces hansenii may be related to Bifidobacterium and Bacteroidales S24-7 group_unidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Yi Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Kejia Shen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
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26
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Hao DC, Xiao PG. Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and their Relevance Upon Traditional Medicine-based Cardiovascular Drug Research. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:556-574. [PMID: 31237211 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190618101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The representative cardiovascular herbs, i.e. Panax, Ligusticum, Carthamus, and Pueraria plants, are traditionally and globally used in the prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. Modern phytochemical studies have found many medicinal compounds from these plants, and their unique pharmacological activities are being revealed. However, there are few reviews that systematically summarize the current trends of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetic (DMPK) investigations of cardiovascular herbs. METHODS Here, the latest understanding, as well as the knowledge gaps of the DMPK issues in drug development and clinical usage of cardiovascular herbal compounds, was highlighted. RESULTS The complicated herb-herb interactions of cardiovascular Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb pair/formula significantly impact the PK/pharmacodynamic performance of compounds thereof, which may inspire researchers to develop a novel herbal formula for the optimized outcome of different cardiovascular diseases. While the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADME/T) of some compounds has been deciphered, DMPK studies should be extended to more cardiovascular compounds of different medicinal parts, species (including animals), and formulations, and could be streamlined by versatile omics platforms and computational analyses. CONCLUSION In the context of systems pharmacology, the DMPK knowledge base is expected to translate bench findings to clinical applications, as well as foster cardiovascular drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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27
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Del Hierro JN, Cueva C, Tamargo A, Núñez-Gómez E, Moreno-Arribas MV, Reglero G, Martin D. In Vitro Colonic Fermentation of Saponin-Rich Extracts from Quinoa, Lentil, and Fenugreek. Effect on Sapogenins Yield and Human Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:106-116. [PMID: 31841325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro colonic fermentation of saponin-rich extracts from quinoa, lentil, and fenugreek was performed. Production of sapogenins by human fecal microbiota and the impact of extracts on representative intestinal bacterial groups were evaluated. The main sapogenins were found after fermentation (soyasapogenol B for lentil; oleanolic acid, hederagenin, phytolaccagenic acid, and serjanic acid for quinoa; and sarsasapogenin, diosgenin, and neotigogenin acetate for fenugreek). Interindividual differences were observed, but the highest production of sapogenins corresponded to quinoa (90 μg/mL) and fenugreek (70 μg/mL) extracts, being minor for lentil (4 μg/mL). Lentil and quinoa extracts showed a general antimicrobial effect, mainly on lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. Significant increases of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were observed for fenugreek in one volunteer. Thus, the transformation of saponin-rich extracts of quinoa, lentil, and fenugreek to sapogenins by human gut microbiota is demonstrated, exhibiting a modulatory effect on the growth of selected intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Navarro Del Hierro
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods , Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Carolina Cueva
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology , Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alba Tamargo
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology , Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Estefanía Núñez-Gómez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods , Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology , Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods , Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Imdea-Food Institute , CEI UAM+CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Diana Martin
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods , Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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Effects of sialylated lactulose on the mouse intestinal microbiome using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9067-9076. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yue SJ, Wang WX, Yu JG, Chen YY, Shi XQ, Yan D, Zhou GS, Zhang L, Wang CY, Duan JA, Tang YP. Gut microbiota modulation with traditional Chinese medicine: A system biology-driven approach. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104453. [PMID: 31541688 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the development of system biology, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is drawing more and more attention nowadays. However, there are still many enigmas behind this ancient medical system because of the arcane theory and complex mechanism of actions. In recent decades, advancements in genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and culturomics have led to the groundbreaking characterization of the gut microbiota, a 'forgotten organ', and its role in host health and disease. Notably, gut microbiota has been emerging as a new avenue to understanding TCM. In this review, we will focus on the structure, composition, functionality and metabolites of gut microbiota affected by TCM so as to conversely understand its theory and mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential areas of gut microbiota for exploring Chinese material medica waste, Chinese marine material medica, add-on therapy and personalized precise medication of TCM. The review will conclude with future perspectives and challenges of gut microbiota in TCM intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
| | - Jin-Gao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
| | - Xu-Qin Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Gui-Sheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Thelenota ananas saponin extracts attenuate the atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice by modulating lipid metabolism. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Qiu M, Huang K, Liu Y, Yang Y, Tang H, Liu X, Wang C, Chen H, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Yang J. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by glycyrrhizic acid prevents high-fat diet-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:945-957. [PMID: 30755716 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) promotes lung pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome them. Here we demonstrate that glycyrrhizic acid (GA) prevents HFD-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis through gut microbiota. GA reduced HFD-enhanced myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment, pro-metastatic protein S100A8/A9 expression and metastasis burden of 4T1 breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma, accompanied by gut microbiota alteration and colonic macrophage polarization far away the M1-like phenotype. These parameters were greatly decreased by treatment with antibiotics, recolonization of Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Clostridium sordellii, and administration of lipopolysaccharide or deoxycholic acid. Macrophage depletion attenuated HFD-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis, but failed to further affect the effects of GA. Mechanistically, counteraction of HFD-enhanced gut microbiota dysbiosis by GA inhibited Gr-1+ myeloid cell migration and S100A8/A9 expression through decreasing the proportion of M1-like macrophages and their production of CCL2 and TNF-α in the colons via LPS/HMGB1/NF-κB signaling inactivation. Together, targeting the gut microbiota by GA to modulate colonic macrophages could be a novel strategy for the prevention of HFD-enhanced pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Honglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Animal Experimental Center of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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Effect of A Polyphenol-Rich Canarium album Extract on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092188. [PMID: 30200213 PMCID: PMC6225199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of Canarium album extract (CAext) on intestinal microbiota composition of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Kun Ming (KM) mice were fed either a normal chow diet or a HFD for six weeks. At the seventh week, HFD-fed mice were gavaged daily with saline, or a different dose of CAext for four weeks, respectively. Then, the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. Analysis of fecal microbial populations, grouped by phyla, showed significant increases of Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, but a decrease of Bacteroidetes in all CAext-fed mice. Particularly, CAext gavage in a low dose or a medium dose caused a significant increase in the proportion of Akkermansia. These findings suggested that CAext can alter the gut microbiota composition of HFD-fed mice, and had a potential prebiotic effects on Akkermansia.
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Zhang L, Li F, Qin WJ, Fu C, Zhang XL. Changes in intestinal microbiota affect metabolism of ginsenoside Re. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4284. [PMID: 29748959 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Re, an active ingredient in Panax ginseng, is widely used as a therapeutic and nutriment. The intestinal microbiota plays crucial roles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological actions of ginsenoside Re. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between bacterial community variety and the metabolic profiles of ginsenoside Re. We developed two models with intestinal dysbacteriosis: a pseudo-germ-free model induced by a nonabsorbable antimicrobial mixture (ATM), and Qi-deficiency model established via over-fatigue and acute cold stress (OACS). First, the bacterial community structures in control, ATM and OACS rats were compared via 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Then, the gut microbial metabolism of ginsenoside Re was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in the three groups by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC-TQ-MS, respectively. Ten metabolites of ginsenoside Re were detected and tentatively identified, three of which were novel. Moreover, owing to significant differences in bacterial communities, deglycosylated products, as the main metabolites of ginsenoside Re, were produced at lower levels in ATM and OACS models. Importantly, the levels of these deglycosylated metabolites correlated with alterations in Prevotella, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides populations, as well as glycosidase activities. Collectively, biotransformation of ginsenoside Re is potentially influenced by regulation of the composition of intestinal microbiota and glycosidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Hepingli, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wang-Jun Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Hepingli, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Hepingli, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Dai L, Liu C, Li J, Dong C, Yang J, Dai Z, Zhang X, Sun Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Ginsenoside Rh2 and Bioactive Unnatural Ginsenoside by Coupling Promiscuous Glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis 168 to Sucrose Synthase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2830-2837. [PMID: 29484884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the major effective ingredients of Panax ginseng, exhibit various biological properties. UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glycosylation is the last biosynthetic step of ginsenosides and contributes to their immense structural and functional diversity. In this study, UGT Bs-YjiC from Bacillus subtilis 168 was demonstrated to transfer a glucosyl moiety to the free C3-OH and C12-OH of protopanaxadiol (PPD) and PPD-type ginsenosides to synthesize natural and unnatural ginsenosides. In vitro assays showed that unnatural ginsenoside F12 (3- O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-12- O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20( S)-protopanaxadiol) exhibited remarkable activity against diverse human cancer cell lines. A one-pot reaction by coupling Bs-YjiC to sucrose synthase (SuSy) was performed to regenerate UDP-glucose from sucrose and UDP. With PPD as the aglycon, an unprecedented high yield of ginsenosides F12 (3.98 g L-1) and Rh2 (0.20 g L-1) was obtained by optimizing the conversion conditions. This study provides an efficient approach for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using a UGT-SuSy cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing , China
| | - Jiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Zhubo Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
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35
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The gastrointestinal behavior of saponins and its significance for their bioavailability and bioactivities. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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36
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Sun Y, Chen S, Wei R, Xie X, Wang C, Fan S, Zhang X, Su J, Liu J, Jia W, Wang X. Metabolome and gut microbiota variation with long-term intake of Panax ginseng extracts on rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:3547-3556. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, untargeted GC-TOFMS metabolomic analysis of serum, cecum and ileum intestinal contents was conducted to understand the effect of the long-term intake of Ginseng extracts.
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