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Xie S, Wang C, Zeng T, Wang H, Suo H. Whole-genome and comparative genome analysis of Mucor racemosus C isolated from Yongchuan Douchi. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123397. [PMID: 36739051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucor racemosus is the predominant fungal in the zhiqu stage of the fermentation of Yongchuan Douchi (Mucor-type), which plays an important role in the fermentation process of Yongchuan Douchi. However, there is a lack of information on the genetic analysis of M. racemosus. In this study, we isolated and identified M. racemosus C (accession no JAPEHQ000000000) from Yongchuan Douchi and analyzed the physiological indicators, then genomic information of the strain to perform a comprehensive analysis of its fermentation capacity and safety. M. racemosus C had neutral protease activity up to 68.051 U/mL at 30 °C and alkaline protease activity up to 57.367 U/mL at 25 °C. In addition, comparing the genomic data with the COGs database (NCBI), it was predicted that M. racemosus C undergoes extensive amino acid metabolism, making C suitable for the production of fermented foods (e.g., Douchi, Syoyu, and sufu). Finally, we performed virulence genes and resistance genes analysis, hemolysis experiment, aflatoxins assay, antibiotic resistance assay to evaluate the safety of M. racemosus C, and the results showed that M. racemosus C was safe, non-toxin-producing and non-hemolytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicai Xie
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Differences in Lipid Accumulation between Spores and Mycelia of Mucor circinelloides WJ11 under Solid–State Fermentation. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides has been studied for microbial oil production. Solid–state fermentation may be more suitable for lipid production than submerged fermentation due to its special filamentous structure and lower fermentation costs. M. circinelloides WJ11 under solid–state fermentation indicated that the total fatty acid content of mycelia was significantly higher than that of spores (15.0 and 10.4% in mycelia and spores after 192 h, respectively), while the biomass of the fungal mycelia was lower than that of the spores, reaching 78.2 and 86.9 mg/g, respectively. Transcriptomic studies showed that a total of 9069 genes were differentially expressed between spores and mycelia during solid–state fermentation, of which 4748 were up-regulated and 4321 were down-regulated. Among them, triglyceride-related synthases in M. circinelloides were significantly up-regulated in the mycelia. The mRNA expression level of ATP: citrate lyase was obviously increased to provide more acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis in mycelia, moreover, the metabolism of leucine and isoleucine can also produce more acetyl-CoA for lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides. For NADPH supply, the expression of the pentose phosphate pathway was significantly up-regulated in mycelia, while NADP+-dependent malic enzyme was also increased by 9.5-fold under solid–state fermentation. Compared with gene expression in spores, the autophagy pathway was clearly up-regulated in mycelia to prove that autophagy was related to lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides.
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Fazili ABA, Shah AM, Zan X, Naz T, Nosheen S, Nazir Y, Ullah S, Zhang H, Song Y. Mucor circinelloides: a model organism for oleaginous fungi and its potential applications in bioactive lipid production. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:29. [PMID: 35227264 PMCID: PMC8883733 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils have gained massive attention because of their significant role in industrial applications. Currently plants and animals are the chief sources of medically and nutritionally important fatty acids. However, the ever-increasing global demand for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) cannot be met by the existing sources. Therefore microbes, especially fungi, represent an important alternative source of microbial oils being investigated. Mucor circinelloides—an oleaginous filamentous fungus, came to the forefront because of its high efficiency in synthesizing and accumulating lipids, like γ-linolenic acid (GLA) in high quantity. Recently, mycelium of M. circinelloides has acquired substantial attraction towards it as it has been suggested as a convenient raw material source for the generation of biodiesel via lipid transformation. Although M. circinelloides accumulates lipids naturally, metabolic engineering is found to be important for substantial increase in their yields. Both modifications of existing pathways and re-formation of biosynthetic pathways in M. circinelloides have shown the potential to improve lipid levels. In this review, recent advances in various important metabolic aspects of M. circinelloides have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of M. circinelloides in the fields of antioxidants, nutraceuticals, bioremediation, ethanol production, and carotenoids like beta carotene and astaxanthin having significant nutritional value are also deliberated.
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Mucoromycota fungi as powerful cell factories for modern biorefinery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:101-115. [PMID: 34889982 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biorefinery employing fungi can be a strategy for valorizing low-cost rest materials, by-products and wastes into several valuable bioproducts through the fungal fermentation. Mucoromycota fungi are soil fungi with a highly versatile metabolic system that positions them as powerful microbial cell factories for biorefinery applications. Lipids, pigments, chitin/chitosan, polyphosphates, ethanol, organic acids and enzymes are main Mucoromycota products that can be refined from the fermentation process and applied in nutrition, chemical or biofuel industries. In addition, Mucoromycota biomass can be used as it is for specific purposes, such as feed. Mucoromycota fungi can be employed in developing co-production processes, whereby several intra- and extracellular products are simultaneously formed in a single fermentation process, and, thus, economic viability of the process can be improved. This mini review provides a comprehensive overview over the recent advances in the production of valuable metabolites by Mucoromycota fungi and fermentation strategies which could be potentially applied in the industrial biorefinery settings. KEY POINTS: • Biorefineries utilizing Mucoromycota fungi as production cell factories can provide a wide range of bioproducts. • Mucoromycota fungi are able to perform co-production of various metabolites in a single fermentation process. • Versatile metabolism of Mucoromycota allows valorization of a various low-cost substrates such as wastes and rest materials.
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Wang X, Mohamed H, Bao Y, Wu C, Shi W, Song Y, Yang J. Heterologous Expression of Two Malate Transporters From an Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides Improved the Lipid Accumulation in Mucor lusitanicus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:774825. [PMID: 34867915 PMCID: PMC8640210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.774825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus, Mucor lusitanicus, is of great interest for microbial lipids, because of its ability to accumulate intracellular lipid using various carbon sources. The biosynthesis of fatty acid requires the reducing power NADPH, and acetyl-CoA, which is produced by the cleavage of citrate in cytosol. In this study, we employed different strategies to increase lipid accumulation in the low lipid-producing fungi via metabolic engineering technology. Hence, we constructed the engineered strain of M. lusitanicus CBS 277.49 by using malate transporter (mt) and 2-oxoglutarate: malate antiporter (sodit) from M. circinelloides WJ11. In comparison with the control strain, the lipid content of the overexpressed strains of mt and sodit genes were increased by 24.6 and 33.8%, respectively. These results showed that mt and sodit can affect the distribution of malate in mitochondria and cytosol, provide the substrates for the synthesis of citrate in the mitochondria, and accelerate the transfer of citrate from mitochondria to cytosol, which could play a significant regulatory role in fatty acid synthesis leading to lipids over accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yonghong Bao
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wenyue Shi
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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Yang J, Cánovas-Márquez JT, Li P, Li S, Niu J, Wang X, Nazir Y, López-García S, Garre V, Song Y. Deletion of Plasma Membrane Malate Transporters Increased Lipid Accumulation in the Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9632-9641. [PMID: 34428900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Malate as an important intermediate metabolite, its subcellular location, and concentration have a significant impact on fungal lipid metabolism. Previous studies showed that the mitochondrial malate transporter plays an important role in lipid accumulation in Mucor circinelloides by manipulating intracellular malate concentration. However, the role of plasma membrane malate transporters in oleaginous fungi remains unexplored. Therefore, in this work, two plasma membrane malate transporters "2-oxoglutarate:malate antiporters" (named SoDIT-a and SoDIT-b) of M. circinelloides WJ11 were deleted, and the consequences in growth capacity, lipid accumulation, and metabolism were analyzed. The results showed that deletion of sodit-a or/and sodit-b reduced the extracellular malate, confirming that the products of both genes participate in malate transportation. In parallel, the lipid contents in mutants increased approximately 10-40% higher than that in the control strain, suggesting that the defect in plasma membrane malate transport results in an increase of malate available for lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis showed that the expression levels of multiple key genes involved in the lipid biosynthesis were also increased in the knockout mutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrated the association between plasma membrane malate transporters and lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuan Yang
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - José T Cánovas-Márquez
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology (Associated Unit to IQFR-CSIC), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Niu
- Guangdong Zhengbang Ecological Breeding Co. Ltd, Yingde 513000 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusuf Nazir
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sergio López-García
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology (Associated Unit to IQFR-CSIC), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology (Associated Unit to IQFR-CSIC), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Yuanda Song
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
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7
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Chang L, Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Lipid metabolism research in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina: Current progress and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107794. [PMID: 34245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina has distinct advantages in long-chain PUFAs production, and it is the only source for dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) certificated by FDA and European Commission. This review provides an overall introduction to M. alpina, including its major research methods, key factors governing lipid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and omics studies. Currently, the research interests in M. alpina focus on improving lipid yield and fatty acid desaturation degree by enhancing fatty acid precursors and the reducing power NADPH, and genetic manipulation on PUFAs synthetic pathways is carried to optimise fatty acid composition. Besides, multi-omics studies have been applied to elucidate the global regulatory mechanism of lipogenesis in M. alpina. However, research challenges towards achieving a lipid cell factory lie in strain breeding and cost control due to the coenocytic mycelium, long fermentation period and insufficient conversion rate from carbon to lipid. We also proposed future research goals based on a multilevel regulating strategy: obtaining ideal chassis by directional evolution and high-throughput screening; rewiring central carbon metabolism and inhibiting competitive pathways by multi-gene manipulation system to enhance carbon to lipid conversion rate; optimisation of protein function based on post-translational modification; application of dynamic fermentation strategies suitable for different fermentation phases. By reviewing the comprehensive research progress of this oleaginous fungus, we aim to further comprehend the fungal lipid metabolism and provide reference information and guidelines for the exploration of microbial oils from the perspectives of fundamental research to industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Chen H, Qi Y, He X, Xu L, Zhang W, Lv X, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhu Y, Liang Z. Endophytic fungus Mucor circinelloides DF20 promote tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza root. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110898. [PMID: 33902857 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza rhizome is mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Symbiosis of endophytic fungi with their host plants, is an effectively regulatory means to promote the growth and secondary metabolism of medicinal plants. Here, an endophytic fungus Mucor circinelloides DF20 was co-cultivated with the sterile seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza, to clarify the promoting mechanism on tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza root. The assay of promoting-growth activities in vitro showed that DF20 have the ability to produce IAA and siderophores. DF20 could significantly promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones in the root of S. miltiorrhiza, especially the content of tanshinone ⅡA, reaching 4.630 ± 0.342 mg/g after 56 days of DF20 treatment, which is 22-fold of the control group. The result also showed that the hyphae of M. circunelloides DF20 mainly colonized in the root tissue interspace of S. miltiorrhiza, and a small amount of hyphae were located inside the cells. The results of florescent real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that DF20 colonization significantly increase the expression level of some key enzyme genes (DXS, DXR, HMGR, GGPPS) in tanshinone biosynthesis pathway, but the regulatory effect mainly occurred in the early stage of co-culture, while the expression level decreased in different degrees in the later stage. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus M. circunelloides DF20 can form an interaction relationship with its host, then to promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones in root by upregulating the key enzyme genes expression levels of the biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyi He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Linna Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoman Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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9
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Tang X, Chang L, Gu S, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen H, Zhao J, Chen W. Role of beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase in lipid biosynthesis of the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 152:103572. [PMID: 34015432 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play an important role in lipid metabolism by serving as signal molecules as well as a potential acetyl-CoA source. Our previous study found that in the oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides, beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH), an important enzyme participating in the key BCAA leucine biosynthesis, was differentially expressed during lipid accumulation phase and has a positive role on lipogenesis. To further analyze its effects on lipogenesis in another oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina, the IPMDH-encoding gene MaLeuB was homologously expressed. It was found that the total fatty acid content in the recombinant strain was increased by 20.2% compared with the control strain, which correlated with a 4-fold increase in the MaLeuB transcriptional level. Intracellular metabolites analysis revealed significant changes in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and butanoate metabolism; specifically, leucine and isoleucine levels were upregulated by 6.4-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively. Our genetic engineering approach and metabolomics study demonstrated that MaLeuB is involved in fatty acid metabolism in M. alpina by affecting BCAAs metabolism, and this newly discovered role of IPMDH provides a potential bypass route to increase lipogenesis in oleaginous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Shujie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, PR China
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10
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Comparative Analysis of Different Isolated Oleaginous Mucoromycota Fungi for Their γ-Linolenic Acid and Carotenoid Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3621543. [PMID: 33204691 PMCID: PMC7665918 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3621543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoids have attracted much interest due to their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical importance. Mucoromycota, typical oleaginous filamentous fungi, are known for their production of valuable essential fatty acids and carotenoids. In the present study, 81 fungal strains were isolated from different Egyptian localities, out of which 11 Mucoromycota were selected for further GLA and carotenoid investigation. Comparative analysis of total lipids by GC of selected isolates showed that GLA content was the highest in Rhizomucor pusillus AUMC 11616.A, Mucor circinelloides AUMC 6696.A, and M. hiemalis AUMC 6031 that represented 0.213, 0.211, and 0.20% of CDW, respectively. Carotenoid analysis of selected isolates by spectrophotometer demonstrated that the highest yield of total carotenoids (640 μg/g) was exhibited by M. hiemalis AUMC 6031 and M. hiemalis AUMC 6695, and these isolates were found to have a similar carotenoid profile with, β-carotene (65%), zeaxanthin (34%), astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin (5%) of total carotenoids. The total fatty acids of all tested isolates showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi, and Penicillium chrysogenum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the highest yield of total lipid accumulation (51.74% CDW) by a new oleaginous fungal isolate R. pusillus AUMC 11616.A. A new scope for a further study on this strain will be established to optimize and improve its total lipids with high GLA production. So, R. pusillus AUMC 11616.A might be a potential candidate for industrial application.
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Metal and Phosphate Ions Show Remarkable Influence on the Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Mucor circinelloides. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040260. [PMID: 33143254 PMCID: PMC7711463 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomass of Mucor circinelloides, a dimorphic oleaginous filamentous fungus, has a significant nutritional value and can be used for single cell oil production. Metal ions are micronutrients supporting fungal growth and metabolic activity of cellular processes. We investigated the effect of 140 different substrates, with varying amounts of metal and phosphate ions concentration, on the growth, cell chemistry, lipid accumulation, and lipid profile of M. circinelloides. A high-throughput set-up consisting of a Duetz microcultivation system coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized. Lipids were extracted by a modified Lewis method and analyzed using gas chromatography. It was observed that Mg and Zn ions were essential for the growth and metabolic activity of M. circinelloides. An increase in Fe ion concentration inhibited fungal growth, while higher concentrations of Cu, Co, and Zn ions enhanced the growth and lipid accumulation. Lack of Ca and Cu ions, as well as higher amounts of Zn and Mn ions, enhanced lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides. Generally, the fatty acid profile of M. circinelloides lipids was quite consistent, irrespective of media composition. Increasing the amount of Ca ions enhanced polyphosphates accumulation, while lack of it showed fall in polyphosphate.
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Chang L, Tang X, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen H, Chen W. Improved Lipogenesis in Mortierella alpina by Abolishing the Snf4-Mediated Energy-Saving Mode under Low Glucose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10787-10798. [PMID: 32880458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensing nutrient levels and coordinating metabolism are requisites for all living organisms. In eukaryotes, heterotrimeric adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1) is an energy monitor that primarily functions by regulating cell metabolism with its γ-subunit being responsible for energy sensing. Because of its strong lipogenesis capacity and dependence on nutrient availability, Mortierella alpina is an ideal model to investigate the SNF1 role. Knockdown of the M. alpina SNF1-γ-subunit (MaSnf4) abolished the energy preservation mode. In a low glucose medium (15 g/L), the fatty acid content in the MaSnf4-knockdown strain was similar to that in a high glucose medium (50 g/L), comprising 16 ± 1.17% of the dry cell weight after 96 h of culture (1.59 g/L), together with 1.41 ± 0.13 and 4.15 ± 0.19 fold increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and ATP-citrate lyase enzymatic activities, respectively. Metabolite analysis confirmed that knocking down MaSnf4 enhanced amino acid recycling and repressed the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In this case, more carbon skeleton acetyl-CoA and reductive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate were rerouted into the fatty acid synthesis pathway. These findings provide new insight into the correlation between energy preservation and MaSnf4-regulated lipogenesis, which may enhance further development of cost-effective strategies to enhance lipid productivity in M. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Tang X, Chen H, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Song Y, Chen W. Role of g6 pdh and leuB on Lipid Accumulation in Mucor circinelloides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4245-4251. [PMID: 32181644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mucor circinelloides is a valuable oleaginous filamentous fungus rich in γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3; n-6), which is beneficial for human health. Our previous comparative proteomic analysis between high lipid-producing M. circinelloides WJ11 and low lipid-producing M. circinelloides CBS 277.49 indicated that glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) were closely involved in lipid accumulation. Transcription analysis suggested that in the strain WJ11, g6pdh1 and g6pdh2, which encode G6PDH, and leuB, which encodes IPMDH, could be the key genes regulating lipid accumulation. To further analyze the effects of these three genes (i.e., g6pdh1, g6pdh2, and leuB) on lipid accumulation, we respectively overexpressed these genes from M. circinelloides WJ11 in defective CBS 277.49 strains in this study. The results showed that overexpression of g6pdh1 and g6pdh2 genes from strain WJ11 increased the fatty acid content of cell dry weight by 23-38 and 41-47%, respectively, compared with the control strain. Furthermore, overexpression of the leuB gene from strain WJ11 increased the fatty acid content of cell dry weight by up to 67-73%. These results suggest that g6pdh1, g6pdh2, and especially leuB genes play important roles in regulating fatty acid synthesis in M. circinelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China
| | - Yuanda Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China
- Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Awad D, Brueck T. Optimization of protein isolation by proteomic qualification from Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:449-462. [PMID: 31797019 PMCID: PMC6992551 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, microbial oils have been extensively investigated as a renewable platform for biofuel and oleochemical production. Offering a potent alternative to plant-based oils, oleaginous microorganisms have been the target of ongoing metabolic engineering aimed at increasing growth and lipid yields, in addition to specialty fatty acids. Discovery proteomics is an attractive tool for elucidating lipogenesis and identifying metabolic bottlenecks, feedback regulation, and competing biosynthetic pathways. One prominent microbial oil producer is Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus, due to its broad feedstock catabolism and high lipid yield. However, this yeast has a recalcitrant cell wall and high cell lipid content, which complicates efficient and unbiased protein extraction for downstream proteomic analysis. Optimization efforts of protein sample preparation from C. oleaginosus in the present study encompasses the comparison of 8 lysis methods, 13 extraction buffers, and 17 purification methods with respect to protein abundance, proteome coverage, applicability, and physiochemical properties (pI, MW, hydrophobicity in addition to COG, and GO analysis). The optimized protocol presented in this work entails a one-step extraction method utilizing an optimal lysis method (liquid homogenization), which is augmented with a superior extraction buffer (50 mM Tris, 8/2 M Urea/Thiourea, and 1% C7BzO), followed by either of 2 advantageous purification methods (hexane/ethanol or TCA/acetone), depending on subsequent applications and target studies. This work presents a significant step forward towards implementation of efficient C. oleaginosus proteome mining for the identification of potential targets for genetic optimization of this yeast to improve lipogenesis and production of specialty lipids. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brueck
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Chen M, Gao X, Yang W, Sun C, Yang J, Zhang H, Song Y. Discovery and characterization of a stable lipase with preference toward long-chain fatty acids. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:171-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Chang L, Tang X, Lu H, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen H, Chen W. Role of Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase during Fatty Acid Accumulation in Oleaginous Fungus Mortierella alpina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9551-9559. [PMID: 31379157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In oleaginous micro-organisms, nitrogen limitation activates adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) and promotes lipogenesis via the inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase. We found that the overexpression of homologous AMPD in Mortierella alpina favored lipid synthesis over cell growth. Total fatty acid content in the recombinant strain was 15.0-34.3% higher than that in the control, even though their biomass was similar. During the early fermentation stage, the intracellular AMP level reduced by 40-60%, together with a 1.9-2.7-fold increase in citrate content compared with the control, therefore provided more precursors for fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, the decreased AMP level resulted in metabolic reprogramming, reflected by the blocked TCA cycle and reduction of amino acids, distributing more carbon to lipid synthesis pathways. By coupling the energy balance with lipogenesis, this study provides new insights into cell metabolism under nitrogen-limited conditions and targets the regulation of fatty acid accumulation in oleaginous micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
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Isarankura Na Ayudhya N, Laoteng K, Song Y, Meechai A, Vongsangnak W. Metabolic traits specific for lipid-overproducing strain of Mucor circinelloides WJ11 identified by genome-scale modeling approach. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7015. [PMID: 31316868 PMCID: PMC6613434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome-scale metabolic model of a lipid-overproducing strain of Mucor circinelloides WJ11 was developed. The model (iNI1159) contained 1,159 genes, 648 EC numbers, 1,537 metabolites, and 1,355 metabolic reactions, which were localized in different compartments of the cell. Using flux balance analysis (FBA), the iNI1159 model was validated by predicting the specific growth rate. The metabolic traits investigated by phenotypic phase plane analysis (PhPP) showed a relationship between the nutrient uptake rate, cell growth, and the triacylglycerol production rate, demonstrating the strength of the model. A putative set of metabolic reactions affecting the lipid-accumulation process was identified when the metabolic flux distributions under nitrogen-limited conditions were altered by performing fast flux variability analysis (fastFVA) and relative flux change. Comparative analysis of the metabolic models of the lipid-overproducing strain WJ11 (iNI1159) and the reference strain CBS277.49 (iWV1213) using both fastFVA and coordinate hit-and-run with rounding (CHRR) showed that the flux distributions between these two models were significantly different. Notably, a higher flux distribution through lipid metabolisms such as lanosterol, zymosterol, glycerolipid and fatty acids biosynthesis in iNI1159 was observed, leading to an increased lipid production when compared to iWV1213. In contrast, iWV1213 exhibited a higher flux distribution across carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms and thus generated a high flux for biomass production. This study demonstrated that iNI1159 is an effective predictive tool for the pathway engineering of oleaginous strains for the production of diversified oleochemicals with industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapat Isarankura Na Ayudhya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Sciences and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Asawin Meechai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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Engineering of Fatty Acid Synthases (FASs) to Boost the Production of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids (MCFAs) in Mucor circinelloides. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030786. [PMID: 30759801 PMCID: PMC6387429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy demands and health-related concerns worldwide have motivated researchers to adopt diverse strategies to improve medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) biosynthesis for use in the functional food and aviation industries. The abundance of naturally produced MCFAs from botanical sources (i.e., coconut fruit/seeds and palm tree) has been observed to be insufficient compared with the various microorganisms used to cope with industrial demands. Mucor circinelloides is one of many promising microorganisms; it exhibits diverse biotechnological importance ranging from the production of functional lipids to applications in the manufacture of bio-fuel. Thus, research was conducted to acquire the desired elevated amounts of MCFAs (i.e., C8–C12) from metabolically engineered strains of M. circinelloides M65. To achieve this goal, four different acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase (TE)-encoding genes exhibiting a substrate preference for medium-chain acyl-ACP molecules were expressed in M. circinelloides M65, resulting in the generation of C8–C12 fatty acids. Among all the engineered strains, M65-TE-03 and M65-TE-04 demonstrated the highest production of non-native C8–C10 and C12 fatty acids, respectively, in comparison to the control. These recombinant strains biosynthesized MCFAs de novo within the range from 28 to 46% (i.e., 1.14 to 2.77 g/L) of total cell lipids. Moreover, the reduction in chain length eventually resulted in a 1.5–1.75-fold increase in total lipid productivity in the engineered strains. The MCFAs were also found to be integrated into all lipid classes. This work illustrates how the integration of heterologous enzymes in M. circinelloides can offer a novel opportunity to edit the fatty acid synthases (FAS) complex, resulting in increased production of microbial MFCAs.
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Yang J, Li S, Kabir Khan MA, Garre V, Vongsangnak W, Song Y. Increased Lipid Accumulation in Mucor circinelloides by Overexpression of Mitochondrial Citrate Transporter Genes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhuan Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Md. Ahsanul Kabir Khan
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departmento de Genética y Microbiología (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong zibo 255049, P. R. China
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Dissecting metabolic behavior of lipid over-producing strain of Mucor circinelloides through genome-scale metabolic network and multi-level data integration. Gene 2018; 670:87-97. [PMID: 29800733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is an important cellular process of oleaginous microorganisms. To dissect metabolic behavior of oleaginous Zygomycetes, the lipid over-producing strain, Mucor circinelloides WJ11, was subjected for omics-scale analysis. The genome annotation was improved and used for construction of genome-scale metabolic network of WJ11 strain. Then, the quality of the metabolic network was enhanced by incorporating gene and protein expression data. In addition to the known oleaginous genes, our results showed a number of newly identified unique genes of WJ11 strain, which involved in central carbon metabolism, lipid, amino acid and nitrogen metabolisms. The systematic compilations indicated the additional metabolic routes with the involvement in supplying precursors (acetyl-CoA, NADPH and fatty acyl substrate) for fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis. Interestingly, amino acid metabolism played a substantial role in responsive mechanism of the fungal cells to nutrient imbalance circumstance through lipogenesis as the finding of reporter metabolites (l-methionine, l-glutamate, l-aspartate, l-asparagine and l-glutamine) at lipid-accumulating stage. The cooperative function of certain lipid-degrading enzymes at the particular growth stage was elucidated by integrating the metabolic networks with gene expression data. The unique feature of carotenoid biosynthetic route in WJ11 strain was also identified by protein domain analysis. Taken together, there were cross-functional metabolisms in regulating lipid biosynthesis and retaining high level of cellular lipids in the representative of lipid over-producing strains.
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