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Lucia RM, Liao X, Huang WL, Forman D, Kim A, Ziogas A, Norden-Krichmar TM, Goodman D, Alvarez A, Masunaka I, Pathak KV, McGilvrey M, Hegde AM, Pirrotte P, Park HL. Urinary glyphosate and AMPA levels in a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women: Associations with organic eating behavior and dietary intake. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 252:114211. [PMID: 37393842 PMCID: PMC10503538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal and epidemiologic studies suggest that there may be adverse health effects from exposure to glyphosate, the most highly used pesticide in the world, and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). Meanwhile, consumption of organic foods (presumably grown free of chemical pesticides) has increased in recent years. However, there have been limited biomonitoring studies assessing the levels of human glyphosate and AMPA exposure in the United States. We examined urinary levels of glyphosate and AMPA in the context of organic eating behavior in a cohort of healthy postmenopausal women residing in Southern California and evaluated associations with demographics, dietary intake, and other lifestyle factors. 338 women provided two first-morning urine samples and at least one paired 24-h dietary recall reporting the previous day's dietary intake. Urinary glyphosate and AMPA were measured using LC-MS/MS. Participants reported on demographic and lifestyle factors via questionnaires. Potential associations were examined between these factors and urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations. Glyphosate was detected in 89.9% of urine samples and AMPA in 67.2%. 37.9% of study participants reported often or always eating organic food, 30.2% sometimes, and 32.0% seldom or never. Frequency of organic food consumption was associated with several demographic and lifestyle factors. Frequent organic eaters had significantly lower urinary glyphosate and AMPA levels, but not after adjustment for covariates. Grain consumption was significantly associated with higher urinary glyphosate levels, even among women who reported often or always eating organic grains. Soy protein and alcohol consumption as well as high frequency of eating fast food were associated with higher urinary AMPA levels. In conclusion, in the largest study to date examining paired dietary recall data and measurements of first-void urinary glyphosate and AMPA, the vast majority of subjects sampled had detectable levels, and significant dietary sources in the American diet were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lucia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiyue Liao
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Forman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Deborah Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Irene Masunaka
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Khyatiben V Pathak
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marissa McGilvrey
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Apurva M Hegde
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hannah Lui Park
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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2
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Hottes E, da Silva CO, Bauerfeldt GF, Castro RN, de Lima JHC, Camargo LP, Dall'Antonia LH, Herbst MH. Efficient removal of glyphosate from aqueous solutions by adsorption on Mg-Al-layered double oxides: thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83698-83710. [PMID: 35771329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Up to 90% of glyphosate was removed in 40 min by a 2:1 Mg2Al-layered double oxide (LDO) at pH 10, and the adsorption kinetics fitted a pseudo-second-order law. The adsorption isotherms were type L, and the Langmuir model best fitted the experimental data, with qmax of 158.22 μg/mg at 25 °C. The intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the adsorption process is dependent on the thickness and formation of the film at the solution/solid interface. The XRD results excluded the intercalation of glyphosate anions, and FTIR along with solid-state 13C and 31P MAS NMR confirmed that the glyphosate anions interact through the carboxylate and/or phosphonate moieties, both in end-on and side-on modes to the LDO surface. Glyphosate removal was also investigated in the presence of different anionic species, and simultaneous adsorption showed that carbonate and phosphate ions strongly influence glyphosate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanoel Hottes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosane Nora Castro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luan Pereira Camargo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Hawrylak Herbst
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Síntese Inorgânica e Materiais, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, UFRRJ, BR465 km7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
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Abstract
Modern sweet corn is distinguished from other vegetable corns by the presence of one or more recessive alleles within the maize endosperm starch synthesis pathway. This results in reduced starch content and increased sugar concentration when consumed fresh. Fresh sweet corn originated in the USA and has since been introduced in countries around the World with increasing popularity as a favored vegetable choice. Several reviews have been published recently on endosperm genetics, breeding, and physiology that focus on the basic biology and uses in the US. However, new questions concerning sustainability, environmental care, and climate change, along with the introduction of sweet corn in other countries have produced a variety of new uses and research activities. This review is a summary of the sweet corn research published during the five years preceding 2021.
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Duke SO. Glyphosate: Uses Other Than in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops, Mode of Action, Degradation in Plants, and Effects on Non-target Plants and Agricultural Microbes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:1-65. [PMID: 33895876 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide globally. It is a unique non-selective herbicide with a mode of action that is ideal for vegetation management in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. Its use was more than doubled by the introduction of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. All of its phytotoxic effects are the result of inhibition of only 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), but inhibition of this single enzyme of the shikimate pathway results in multiple phytotoxicity effects, both upstream and downstream from EPSPS, including loss of plant defenses against pathogens. Degradation of glyphosate in plants and microbes is predominantly by a glyphosate oxidoreductase to produce aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate and to a lesser extent by a C-P lyase to produce sarcosine and phosphate. Its effects on non-target plant species are generally less than that of many other herbicides, as it is not volatile and is generally sprayed in larger droplet sizes with a relatively low propensity to drift and is inactivated by tight binding to most soils. Some microbes, including fungal plant pathogens, have glyphosate-sensitive EPSPS. Thus, glyphosate can benefit GR crops by its activity on some plant pathogens. On the other hand, glyphosate can adversely affect some microbes that are beneficial to agriculture, such as Bradyrhizobium species, although GR crop yield data indicate that such an effect has been minor. Effects of glyphosate on microbes of agricultural soils are generally minor and transient, with other agricultural practices having much stronger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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Gomes MP, Rocha DC, Moreira de Brito JC, Tavares DS, Marques RZ, Soffiatti P, Sant'Anna-Santos BF. Emerging contaminants in water used for maize irrigation: Economic and food safety losses associated with ciprofloxacin and glyphosate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110549. [PMID: 32251953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals used to assure agricultural production and the feasibility of planting sites often end up in bodies of water used for crop irrigation. In a pot study, we investigated the consequences associated with the irrigation of maize with water contaminated by ciprofloxacin (Cipro; 0, 0.2, 0.8, 1.4 and 2.0 μg l-1) and/or glyphosate (0, 5, 25 and 50 mg l-1) on yields and food safety. Glyphosate in concentrations ≥25 mg l-1 prevented plant establishment, regardless of Cipro presence. Evaluations made at the V5 stage of plants reveal that Cipro concentrations ≥0.8 μg l-1 and glyphosate decreased photosynthesis and induced changes in leaf anatomy and stem biophysical properties that may contribute to decreased kernel yields. When those chemicals were applied together, kernel yield reductions were accentuated, evidencing their interactive effects. Irrigation with contaminated water resulted in accumulations of Cipro and glyphosate (as well as its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid) in plant tissues. Accumulation of these chemicals in plant tissues such as leaves and kernels is a problem, since they are used to feed animals and humans. Moreover, these chemicals are of potential toxicological concern, principally due to residue accumulations in the food chain. Specially, the antibiotic residue accumulations in maize tissues can assist the induction of antibiotic resistance in dangerous bacteria. Therefore, we point out the urgency of monitoring the quality of water used for crop irrigation to avoid economic and food-quality losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P., 19031, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Daiane Cristina Rocha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P., 19031, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Davi Santos Tavares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P., 19031, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Raizza Zorman Marques
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P., 19031, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Soffiatti
- Laboratório de Anatomia e Biomecânica Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P., 19031, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Francisco Sant'Anna-Santos
- Laboratório de Anatomia e Biomecânica Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P., 19031, Curitiba, Brazil
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Finley JW, Duke SO. Agnes Rimando, a Pioneer in the Fate of Glyphosate and Its Primary Metabolite in Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5623-5630. [PMID: 32330026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide on the planet because of its excellent efficacy on almost all weed species and due to the large-scale adoption of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. Agnes Rimando became an expert in glyphosate analysis almost 20 years ago to support research on GR crop safety and on mechanisms of evolved glyphosate resistance by weeds. Her work was the first to show that the amount of glyphosate and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) that accumulates in GR soybean seed from plants treated with approved glyphosate doses can approach their legal limits. However, she later found that only trace amounts of these compounds accumulate in the seed of GR maize treated with recommended glyphosate doses. She showed that GR canola, the only transgenic crop with a transgene encoding an enzyme for degradation of glyphosate, metabolizes glyphosate to AMPA very rapidly. Her work was instrumental in providing support for the view that "yellow flash" symptoms sometimes observed in field-grown GR soybeans are due to accumulation of enough AMPA to cause mild phytotoxicity. She did the chemical analyses in the only paper to survey the capacity of an array of plant species to metabolize glyphosate to AMPA. She found a wide range in this capacity, with grasses with little or no metabolism of glyphosate to AMPA and with legumes readily metabolizing glyphosate. Lastly, she found no evidence of enhanced degradation of glyphosate to be a mechanism of evolved resistance to glyphosate by two weed species but that it might be involved in natural tolerance to glyphosate of some weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Finley
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi University, Mississippi 38677-8048, United States
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Kepler RM, Epp Schmidt DJ, Yarwood SA, Cavigelli MA, Reddy KN, Duke SO, Bradley CA, Williams MM, Buyer JS, Maul JE. Soil Microbial Communities in Diverse Agroecosystems Exposed to the Herbicide Glyphosate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01744-19. [PMID: 31836576 PMCID: PMC7028976 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01744-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite glyphosate's wide use for weed control in agriculture, questions remain about the herbicide's effect on soil microbial communities. The existing scientific literature contains conflicting results, from no observable effect of glyphosate to the enrichment of agricultural pathogens such as Fusarium spp. We conducted a comprehensive field-based study to compare the microbial communities on the roots of plants that received a foliar application of glyphosate to adjacent plants that did not. The 2-year study was conducted in Beltsville, MD, and Stoneville, MS, with corn and soybean crops grown in a variety of organic and conventional farming systems. By sequencing environmental metabarcode amplicons, the prokaryotic and fungal communities were described, along with chemical and physical properties of the soil. Sections of corn and soybean roots were plated to screen for the presence of plant pathogens. Geography, farming system, and season were significant factors determining the composition of fungal and prokaryotic communities. Plots treated with glyphosate did not differ from untreated plots in overall microbial community composition after controlling for other factors. We did not detect an effect of glyphosate treatment on the relative abundance of organisms such as Fusarium spp.IMPORTANCE Increasing the efficiency of food production systems while reducing negative environmental effects remains a key societal challenge to successfully meet the needs of a growing global population. The herbicide glyphosate has become a nearly ubiquitous component of agricultural production across the globe, enabling an increasing adoption of no-till agriculture. Despite this widespread use, there remains considerable debate on the consequences of glyphosate exposure. In this paper, we examine the effect of glyphosate on soil microbial communities associated with the roots of glyphosate-resistant crops. Using metabarcoding techniques, we evaluated prokaryotic and fungal communities from agricultural soil samples (n = 768). No effects of glyphosate were found on soil microbial communities associated with glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean varieties across diverse farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Kepler
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Dietrich J Epp Schmidt
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Michel A Cavigelli
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Krishna N Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, Kentucky, USA
| | - Martin M Williams
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research, USDA-ARS, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Buyer
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jude E Maul
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Bote K, Pöppe J, Riede S, Breves G, Roesler U. Effect of a Glyphosate-Containing Herbicide on Escherichia coli and Salmonella Ser. Typhimurium in an In Vitro Rumen Simulation System. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:94-99. [PMID: 31662889 PMCID: PMC6798580 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is the most-used herbicide worldwide. Many studies in the past have shown that residues of the herbicide can be found in many cultivated plants, including those used as livestock feed. Sensitivity to glyphosate varies with bacteria, particularly those residing in the intestine, where microbiota is exposed to glyphosate residues. Therefore, less susceptible pathogenic isolates could have a distinct advantage compared to more sensitive commensal isolates, probably leading to dysbiosis. To determine whether the ruminal growth and survival of pathogenic Escherichia coli or Salmonella serovar Typhimurium are higher when glyphosate residues are present in the feed, an in vitro fermentation trial with a "Rumen Simulation System" (RUSITEC) and a glyphosate-containing commercial formulation was performed. Colony forming units of E. coli and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium decreased steadily in all fermenters, regardless of the herbicide application. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the studied Salmonella and E. coli strains did not change, and antibiotic susceptibility varied only slightly but independent of the glyphosate application. Overall, application of the glyphosate-containing formulation in a worst-case concentration of 10 mg/L neither increased the abundance for the tested E. coli and Salmonella strain in the in vitro fermentation system, nor promoted resistance to glyphosate or antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bote
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Pöppe
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Riede
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Barker AL, Dayan FE. Fate of Glyphosate during Production and Processing of Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2061-2065. [PMID: 30694061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide in commercial crop production for both conventional and herbicide-resistant crops. Herbicide-resistant crops, like glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, are often exposed to multiple applications of glyphosate during the growing season. The fate of this herbicide in resistant crops has not been publicly documented. We investigated the fate of glyphosate and main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid in glyphosate-resistant sugar beet grown in northern Colorado. Glyphosate residues were measured via directed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of sugar beet shoots and roots throughout the growing season, from samples collected at various steps during sugar beet processing, and from flow-through samples of greenhouse-grown beets. Sugar beet rapidly absorbed glyphosate after foliar application, and subsequently translocated the herbicide to its roots, with between 2 and 3 μg/g fresh weight measured in both tissue types within 1 week of application. However, only trace amounts of glyphosate remained in either the shoots or the roots 2 weeks after application. Analysis of irrigation flow-through in pot assays confirmed that the herbicide readily exuded out of the roots. Processing of the beets removed glyphosate and herbicide levels were below the limit of detection in the crystalline sugar final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Barker
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management , Colorado State University , 1177 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management , Colorado State University , 1177 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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