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Chauhan K, Rao A. Clean-label alternatives for food preservation: An emerging trend. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35815. [PMID: 39247286 PMCID: PMC11379619 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for natural or 'clean-label' food ingredients has risen over the past 50 years and continues growing. Consumers have become more aware of their health and, therefore, insist on transparency in the list of ingredients. Preservatives are the most crucial food additives, ensuring food safety and security. Despite tremendous technological advancements, food preservation remains a significant challenge worldwide, primarily because most are synthetic and non-biodegradable. As a result, the food industry is placing more value on microbiota and other natural sources for bio-preservation, leading to the substitution of conventional processing and chemical preservatives with natural alternatives to ensure 'clean-label.' General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) includes some of these 'clean-label' options in its list of additives. However, they are very rarely capable of replacing a synthetic preservative on a 'one-for-one' basis, putting pressure on researchers to decipher newer, cleaner, and more economical alternatives. Academic and scientific research has led to the discovery of several plant, animal, and microbial metabolites that may function as effective bio-preservatives. However, most have not yet been put in the market or are under trial. Hence, the present review aims to summarise such relevant and potential metabolites with bio-preservative properties comprehensively. This article will help readers comprehend recent innovations in the 'clean-label' era, provide informed choices to consumers, and improve the business of regulatory approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Chauhan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), New Delhi 110002, India
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2
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Guo Y, Zhuang F, Cui Q, Zhang S, Hao Z, Shi Y, Lu H, Shi X. Preparation and characterization of liquefied eggplant branch bio-based controlled-release fertilizer. BMC Chem 2024; 18:71. [PMID: 38609971 PMCID: PMC11010369 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bio-based coating materials have received increased attention because of their low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable properties. In this paper, a novel coating material was developed to coat ureas using bio-based coating material derived from liquefied eggplant branches to form controlled-release ureas (CRUs). Also, the optimum proportion of liquefier was studied. Furthermore, dimethyl siloxane was used to modify liquified eggplant branches to make them hydrophobic, resulting in hydrophobic controlled-release ureas (SCRUs). This hydrophobic-enabled coating is environmentally friendly and highly efficient. The products were characterized by specific scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, and the water contact angles of CRUs and SCRUs were determined. The nutrient-release characteristics of the SCRUs in water were determined at 25 °C and compared with those of CRUs. The results showed that the modification with dimethyl siloxane reduced the N release rate and increased the longevity of the fertilizer coated with hydrophobic bio-based coating material. In addition, organosilicon atoms on the SCRU surface also block the micro-holes on the coating and thus reduce the entry of water onto the coating. The results suggest that the new coating technology can create a hydrophobic surface on bio-based coating material and thus improve their controlled-release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanle Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhuang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Qunxiang Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China.
| | - Shugang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Zhenping Hao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Yiyun Shi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Huacheng Vegetable Cooperative Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211299, China
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3
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Yang M, Zhang J, Sun Z, Sun D. All-Natural Plant-Derived Polyurethane as a Substitute of a Petroleum-Based Polymer Coating Material. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6444-6453. [PMID: 38502525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient, biobased polyurethane controlled-release fertilizers from sustainable and eco-friendly biomaterials has received increased research attention, owing to concerns regarding global food security and environmental sustainability. Most previous studies focused on replacing petroleum-based polyols with biopolyols; however, the other main raw material, isocyanate, remained a petrochemical product. Herein, all-natural, plant-derived polyurethane-coated urea was successfully developed using castor oil and biobased isocyanate, and the performance of the coating shell before and after modification was compared. The results showed that the incorporation of a low dose of lauric acid copper into the coating material simultaneously enhanced the hydrophobicity and elasticity of the all-biobased polyurethane membrane, which prolonged the nitrogen release longevity from 3 to 112 days. In addition, the modified membrane showed excellent biodegradability in a soil environment. The novel all-biobased polyurethane coating material and modification technique provide insight for developing sustainable and eco-friendly controlled-release fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiatong Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhentao Sun
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Sun
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
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4
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Wu K, Shi R, Du C, Ma F, Gan F. A facile strategy to fabricate lignocellulose-based slow-release fertilizers via a high-performance treatment of rice straw using deep eutectic solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128582. [PMID: 38056751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-based slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce environmental pollution in agricultural production. However, the extraction and separation processes of lignin from biomass sources are intricate, involving substantial quantities of non-reusable toxic reagents. Here, a sustainable and eco-friendly approach using deep eutectic solvents (DES) was employed to treat rice straw, effectively dissolving the lignin present. Subsequently, the in-situ lignin regeneration was facilitated through the addition of a zinc chloride solution. The regenerated lignin was tightly wrapped around and connected to cellulose micro/nanofibers, forming a homogeneous slurry. A simple coating technique was employed to uniformly coat urea particles with the lignocellulosic slurry, yielding lignocellulose-based SRFs. Results revealed that the nutrient release of the lignocellulose-based coated fertilizers in water exceeded 56 days. A pot trial demonstrated that the application of lignocellulose-based SRFs significantly promoted the growth of rice and improved grain yield (by 10.7 %) and nitrogen use efficiency (by 34.4 %) compared to the urea treatment in rice production. Furthermore, the DES demonstrated consistently high efficiency in biomass processing even after four cycles of reuse. This green strategy offers a novel approach for the preparation of SRFs coating materials, promoting agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Rongyuan Shi
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Changwen Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fangqun Gan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing 210017, China.
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5
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Shanmugavel D, Rusyn I, Solorza-Feria O, Kamaraj SK. Sustainable SMART fertilizers in agriculture systems: A review on fundamentals to in-field applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166729. [PMID: 37678530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture will face the issue of ensuring food security for a growing global population without compromising environmental security as demand for the world's food systems increases in the next decades. To provide enough food and reduce the harmful effects of chemical fertilization and improper disposal or reusing of agricultural wastes on the environment, will be required to apply current technologies in agroecosystems. Combining biotechnology and nanotechnology has the potential to transform agricultural practices and offer answers to both immediate and long-term issues. This review study seeks to identify, categorize, and characterize the so-called smart fertilizers as the future frontier of sustainable agriculture. The conventional fertilizer and smart fertilizers in general are covered in the first section of this review. Another key barrier preventing the widespread use of smart fertilizers in agriculture is the high cost of materials. Nevertheless, smart fertilizers are widely represented on the world market and are actively used in farms that have already switched to sustainable technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of various raw materials used to create smart fertilizers, with a focus on inorganic and organic materials, synthetic and natural polymers, along with their physical and chemical preparation processes, are contrasted in the following sections. The rate and the mechanism of release are covered. The purpose of this study is to provide a deep understanding of the advancements in smart fertilizers during the last ten years. Trends are also recognized and studied to provide insight for upcoming agricultural research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shanmugavel
- Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CINVESTAV - IPN, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Group, A. Postal 14-760, 07360 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Iryna Rusyn
- Department of Ecology and Sustainable Environmental Management, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stepan Bandera St., 12, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Omar Solorza-Feria
- Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV - IPN, Hydrogen, and Fuel Cells Group, A. Postal 14-760, 07360 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)-Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira (CICATA-Altamira), Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira Km 14.5, C. Manzano, Industrial Altamira, 89600 Altamira, Tamps., Mexico.
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF. Increasing the efficiency of agricultural fertilizers using cellulose nanofibrils: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121313. [PMID: 37739539 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing new agricultural products, such as new fertilizers with high use efficiency and less negative impact on the environment, is required in sustainable agriculture. In this vein, controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) have been designed to decrease nutrient waste and increase nutrients' availability to plants. Various CRFs have been developed based on petroleum-derived polymers with many advantages over conventional fertilizers. Although, their use is limited due to their adverse effects on the soil and environment. To overcome these issues, CRFs based on biopolymers represent a new generation of fertilizers developed by encapsulating nutrients with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). CNFs and the hydrogels based on CNFs have great potential to be applied as CRFs matrix as they are biodegradable, minimize environmental pollution, and exhibit a great controlled-release potential and water/nutrient retention capacity. In order to gain a better understanding of the potential benefits of these new fertilizers in agricultural systems, this review summarizes the recent advances in CNFs in CRFs, the coating methods, hydrogel preparation techniques, and their impact on plant growth and soil. By examining these factors in depth, a better understanding can be gained on how these novel fertilizers can help improve agricultural productivity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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7
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Chen X, Yang H, Zhang L, Li Z, Xue Y, Wang R, Fan X, Sun S. Green construction and release mechanism of lignin-based double-layer coated urea. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:97. [PMID: 37291654 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin played an important role in the establishment of coated fertilizers coating material as a substitute for petrochemical raw materials. However, so far, the lignin-based coated fertilizers was limited in only the poor slow-release performance. To achieve good slow-release performance of lignin-based coated fertilizers, hydrophilic of lignin need to be resolved to establish an green and better controllable lignin-based coated fertilizers. RESULTS In the study, a novel green double layer coating with lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) as the inner coating and epoxy resin (EP) as the outer coating was effectively constructed for coated urea. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that lignin and polycaprolactone diol successfully reacted with Hexamethylene diisocyanate. The loss weight and water contact angle (WCA, 75.6-63.6°) of the LPUs decreased with the increased lignin content. The average particle hardness of the lignin-based double-layer coated urea (LDCU) first increased from 58.1 N (lignin of 30%) to 67.0 N (lignin of 60%), but then decreased to 62.3 N (lignin of 70%). The release longevity of the coated urea was closely related to the preparation parameters of the coating material. The optimal cumulative nutrient release rate (79.4%) of LDCU was obtained (lignin of 50%, -CNO/-OH molar ratios of 1.15, EP of 35%, and coating ratio of 5%). The aggregates of hydrone on the LDCU caused the dissolution and swelling of nutrients, and then the diffusion of nutrients through the concentration gradient. CONCLUSIONS A though the nutrient release of the LDCUs was affected by many factors, the successful development of the LDCUs will help improve the rapid development of the coated fertilizer industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huchen Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongli Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunna Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongfeng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Dong H, Tang S, Zhang L, Tong Z, Wu Z, Zhan P, Shao L, Qing Y, Liu J. Wood-derived bio-coating materials incorporating hydrophobic lignin and hierarchically porous biochar for high-efficiency coating slow-release fertilizers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124769. [PMID: 37169057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Coating slow-release fertilizers (CSRFs) have gained significant attention for their potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and prevent environmental pollution through mitigating soil and water contamination. This study developed a novel wood waste-derived composition as a bio-coating material for urea slow-release by integrating modified lignin (PCL) and activated biochar (ABC). PCL was prepared by grafting palmitoyl chloride (PC) with hydrophobic groups to the lignin via an esterification reaction. ABC with a high surface area and hierarchically porous structure created rich channels for ion transportation. These results increased the water-retention ability with a reduced absorbing/expelling rate and confer an excellent Cr(VI) adsorption capacity to the PCL and ABC hybrid coating material (PCL/ABC). The as-prepared PCL/ABC-based CSRF (PCL/ABC-CSRF) showed improving fertilizer slow-release properties for real application (nitrogen release persistence for 40 days at soil). The rice (Oryza sativa L.) hydroponics study suggested that such novel PCL/ABC was conducive to the rice growth in micro metallic contaminated hydroponics by eliminating the accumulation of chromium metal in rice roots. Overall, this study provides an attractive platform for developing biodegradable, heavy-metal adsorbable, and high-efficient CSRFs and a feasible and effective way for functionalized utilization of wood waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shifeng Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Zhiping Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lishu Shao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yan Qing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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9
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He D, Zhang S, Yang Y, Tong Z, Yao Y, Xie J, Tang Y, Li S, Liu Y, Yang M. Preparation and Nutrient Release Characteristics of Liquefied Apple Tree Branche-Based Biocoated Large Tablet Urea. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9775-9784. [PMID: 36969453 PMCID: PMC10035011 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) could improve crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency. However, the coating materials of conventional CRFs are mainly derived from petrochemical products, which are expensive and nondegradable, bringing potential environmental pollution. Therefore, using sustainable bio-based materials is the development direction. In this study, large tablet urea (LTU) was prepared using physical extrusion technology. The economical and biodegradable liquefied apple tree branch bio-based coating material was used to coat LTU, obtaining large tablet CRFs (LTCRUs). Also, the optimum proportion of liquefaction of apple tree branches modified by castor oil was studied. The specific surface area, surface morphology, and FTIR of LTCRU were characterized. The results showed that the surface of the LTCRU was the most smooth and the LTCRU modified with 30% castor oil presented the best controlled-release characteristics. The specific surface area of LTCRU was one-third of that of traditional small-particle fertilizers, which indicated that reducing the using dosage of coating materials is economical. Overall, this work provided theoretical and technical supports for the industrialization of biocoated superlarge tablet urea, which is conducive to the green development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di He
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Shugang Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yuechao Yang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
- Department
of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center,
IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida 33031, United States
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Jiazhuo Xie
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yafu Tang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Shan Li
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Mingchuan Yang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering and Technology Research
Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources
and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
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10
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de Lima GG, Matos M, de Sá FP, Mashiba LN, Magalhães WLE, Rachwal MFG, Zanatta JA. Supraparticles as slow-release fertiliser in seedling potential growth of Eucalyptus urograndis and greenhouse gas flux impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23047-23059. [PMID: 36316547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Slow-release urea fertilisers have been shown to present acceptable values for plant yield and mitigate the harmful effect of soil emission gases. This study synthesises a slow-release fertiliser containing fumed-nanosilica, nanofibrillated cellulose as well as sodium alginate as a urea carrier to analyse the growth parameters of Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings and potential emission of soil gases, N2O, CH4, CO2 and ammonia volatilisation. The developed supraparticles, arranged layered nanoparticle structure, presented a decrease in the normal nitrogen content of urea of 19%, which is attributed to the binding of this element. A good electrostatic interaction between the elements was confirmed by the FTIR with 20% of nitrogen content from its chemical composition and an increase in thermal degradation of the main components when synthesised. The profile of urea release presented to be as first-order with 85% of this compound was released only after 60 days. These characteristics led to statistically increased growth of Eucalyptus seedlings compared to the controls, which improves with higher dosages of urea. Values of biomass and characteristics of the plant were used for principal component analysis which resulted in good cluster formation based on the upward concentration of urea added to the plant. Nevertheless, flux gases were statistically higher for certain time periods on lower urea particle concentration, while increased concentration presented N2O emissions within standard rates with no significant variation in the other measured gases, which was attributed to the soil microbial targeted consumption. Therefore, this material can be beneficial in the agriculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Goetten de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia E Ciência Dos Materiais - PIPE, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- Materials Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland.
| | - Mailson Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia E Ciência Dos Materiais - PIPE, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Washington L E Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia E Ciência Dos Materiais - PIPE, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Brazil
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11
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Chen X, Guo T, Yang H, Zhang L, Xue Y, Wang R, Fan X, Sun S. Environmentally friendly preparation of lignin/paraffin/epoxy resin composite-coated urea and evaluation for nitrogen efficiency in lettuce. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1130-1141. [PMID: 36113589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel lignin/paraffin/epoxy resin composite coated urea (LPECCU) was successfully prepared. Paraffin and epoxy resin (ER) were used to improve the slow-release properties of the lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) coated urea. The relationships among the N release characteristics, liquid-solid rate, -CNO/-OH molar rate and film formation rate in the coating material of LPECCU were investigated. The results showed that the water contact angle (WCA) of the LPU-paraffin increased with the rate of liquid-solid rate (73.61-88.19°) and -CNO/-OH molar rate (65.17-82.24°) increased. The average particle hardness of LPECCU decreased with the increased of liquid-solid rate (57.10-66.80 N) and the reduced of -CNO/-OH molar rate (48.11-63.00 N). The LPECCU emerged compact micro-structure, low sustained release and high compressive resistance by adding paraffin and ER. The coating material of LPECCU appeared excellent biodegradability in the soil. The optimal N cumulative release rate (72.49 %) of LPECCU was obtained (liquid-solid rate of 1.43, -CNO/-OH molar rate of 2, and the film formation rate of 6.66 %). The lettuce growth study was conducted to further evaluate the pot application of the LPECCU. In comparison to conventional urea, LPECCU could improve the total dry matter accumulation and N use efficiency of the lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Huchen Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yunna Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Rongfeng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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12
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Biomimetic Modification of Water-Borne Polymer Coating with Carnauba Wax for Controlled Release of Urea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137422. [PMID: 35806426 PMCID: PMC9266667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefitting from the special structure of the leaf cuticle layer, plants have natural hydrophobicity and anti-fouling abilities. Inspired by the leaf surface structure, a biomimetic modification strategy was raised to improve the surface hydrophobicity of polyacrylate coating for controlled release fertilizer. Double-layer (polyacrylate and carnauba wax) coated fertilizer was obtained after biomimetic modification. The quality of controlled release fertilizer modified with the carnauba wax was greatly enhanced, and the coating material was effectively saved. The surface appearance of polyacrylate-coated fertilizer was improved for the surface blemish was repaired by the loaded carnauba wax. The characterizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonds were formed between the water-based polyacrylate membrane and the carnauba wax layers. By optimizing the content of polyacrylate and carnauba wax, the release duration of the fertilizer was effectively prolonged, which was improved from 1 month to more than 2 months after the biomimetic modification. Therefore, biological wax as an environmentally-friendly natural material that has showed a broad potential in the application of coated controlled release fertilizer.
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13
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Chen X, Huang Q, Hao W, Ding C, Wang Y, Zeng H. Controlling of Fumed Silica Particle Size Uniform Production Process Based on Burner Fluid Dynamic Simulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Xinjiang Jing Shuo New Material Co., Ltd. Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Qunwu Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenli Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University, Changji 831100, China
| | - Chuxiong Ding
- Xinjiang Jing Shuo New Material Co., Ltd. Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hehua Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University, Changji 831100, China
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14
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Zhang H, Han G, Cheng W, Liu S, Wang X. Incorporation of
CO
2
‐polyols into ester‐based waterborne polyurethane: An effective strategy to improve overall performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Guangping Han
- College of Material Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Wanli Cheng
- College of Material Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
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15
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Zhang L, Tian H, Zhang M, Wu L, Guo W, Fang F, Sun X, Zhong Z, Du L, Liu Z. Preparation and Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Controlled Release Urea Coating with Photosensitivity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8558-8569. [PMID: 35309463 PMCID: PMC8928513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the photodegradation ability of fertilizer coating material and realize the sustainability of fertilizers, in this study, the commercially available photosensitive iron stearate (FeSt3) was wet-ground into submicrometer FeSt3 (SFeSt3) particles and used in preparation of a SFeSt3-modified bio-based polyurethane (PU)-coated controlled release urea (PU-SFe-CRU). The results showed that after 1 month photodegradation, the coating material had significant yellowing, the oxygen content of SFeSt3-modified PU (PU-SFe) increased by 56.89%, and its structure became more porous and looser than PU. The thermal stability of PU-SFe decreased, and more intermediate products were produced after exposure to UV light. The germination experiment showed that PU-SFe before and after photodegradation (up to 60 mg/L) had no adverse effect on the seed germination and bud growth of rice. Additionally, PU-SFe had a significantly higher Cr adsorption capacity after photodegradation due to the increase of the oxygen-containing group and specific surface. This study provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of photodegradable environment-friendly controlled release urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Xinyangfeng Agricultural
Technology Co Ltd., Jingmen, Hubei 448001, China
| | - Wusong Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Xinyangfeng Agricultural
Technology Co Ltd., Jingmen, Hubei 448001, China
| | - Fuli Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Xinyangfeng Agricultural
Technology Co Ltd., Jingmen, Hubei 448001, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zijing Zhong
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Longxu Du
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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16
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Shao C, Zhao H, Wang P. Recent development in functional nanomaterials for sustainable and smart agricultural chemical technologies. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:11. [PMID: 35235069 PMCID: PMC8891417 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
New advances in nanotechnology are driving a wave of technology revolution impacting a broad range of areas in agricultural production. The current work reviews nanopesticides, nano-fabricated fertilizers, and nano activity-based growth promoters reported in the last several years, focusing on mechanisms revealed for preparation and functioning. It appears to us that with many fundamental concepts have been demonstrated over last two decades, new advances in this area continue to expand mainly in three directions, i.e., efficiency improvement, material sustainability and environment-specific stimulation functionalities. It is also evident that environmental and health concerns associated with nano agrochemicals are the primary motivation and focus for most recent work. Challenges and perspectives for future development of nano agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Bio-Nanotechnology Research Institute, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Huawei Zhao
- Bio-Nanotechnology Research Institute, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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17
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Bian W, An L, Zhang S, Feng J, Sun D, Yao Y, Shen T, Yang Y, Zhang M. The long-term effects of microplastics on soil organomineral complexes and bacterial communities from controlled-release fertilizer residual coating. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114193. [PMID: 34864411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) was applied widely in China as an efficient utilization strategy for improving grain yield and reducing the nitrogen contamination. However, it was indeterminate to know the impacts of inevitably imported plastic into the soil on sustainable development. After ten-year fixed-site experiment, the visible residual coating microplastics were separated from the soil to measure their changes, then the long-term effects of CRF application (theoretical microplastic content 0.018-0.151 g kg-1 soil) on soil architecture and bacterial communities were evaluated. Based on soil organomineral complexes (OMC) distribution experiments and soil 16S rRNA sequence analysis, residual coating microplastics had no significant impact on soil architecture and limited effects on soil bacteria, but became the specific microbial habitat. The nitrogen rate and nitrogen release mode affected sand- and silt-grade OMC, and nitrogen rate impacted soil bacteria communities. The residual coating, small inert particles, is safe for soil OMC and bacterial communities in agricultural soil. Due to the effectiveness of CRF on reducing environmental pollution, CRF is considered as a favorable measure to the sustainable agricultural development in Shandong Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Bian
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lirong An
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shugang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jinchao Feng
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Dongxu Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Tianlin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, United States.
| | - Yuechao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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18
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Porous geopolymer based eco-friendly multifunctional slow-release fertilizers for promoting plant growth. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Thiol-ene Click Chemistry Using Triethylamine Gas as a Promoter to Make Coated Slow-release Fertilizer. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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20
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Arafat M, Sarfraz M, Bostanudin MF, Esmaeil A, Salam A, AbuRuz S. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Oral Controlled Release Formulation of BCS Class I Drug Using Polymer Matrix System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:929. [PMID: 34577629 PMCID: PMC8470007 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker, which belongs to the family of benzothiazepines. It is commonly used to treat hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Even though the drug has high solubility, its high permeability and rapid metabolism in the liver can limit the bioavailability and increase the dose frequencies for up to four times per day. This study focused on a polymer matrix system not only to control the drug release but also to prolong the duration of bioavailability. The polymer matrices were prepared using different ratios of poloxamer-188, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and stearyl alcohol. In vitro and in vivo assessments took place using 24 rabbits and the results were compared to commercially available product Tildiem® (60 mg tablet) as reference. Overall, the rate of drug release was sustained with the gradual increase of poloxamer-188 incorporated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and stearyl alcohol in the matrix system, achieving a maximum release period of 10 h. The oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem hydrochloride incorporated in polymer matrix system were similar to commercial reference Tildiem®. In conclusion, the combination of polymers can have a substantial effect on controlling and prolonging the drug release pattern. The outcomes showed that poloxamer-188 combined with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and stearyl alcohol is a powerful matrix system for controlling release of diltiazem hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohammad F. Bostanudin
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Esmaeil
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Aisha Salam
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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21
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Controlled Release Fertilizers: A Review on Coating Materials and Mechanism of Release. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020238. [PMID: 33530608 PMCID: PMC7912041 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rising world population is expected to increase the demand for nitrogen fertilizers to improve crop yield and ensure food security. With existing challenges on low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of urea and its environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a potential solution by formulating them to synchronize nutrient release according to the requirement of plants. However, the most significant challenge that persists is the "tailing" effect, which reduces the economic benefits in terms of maximum fertilizer utilization. High materials cost is also a significant obstacle restraining the widespread application of CRF in agriculture. The first part of this review covers issues related to the application of conventional fertilizer and CRFs in general. In the subsequent sections, different raw materials utilized to form CRFs, focusing on inorganic and organic materials and synthetic and natural polymers alongside their physical and chemical preparation methods, are compared. Important factors affecting rate of release, mechanism of release and mathematical modelling approaches to predict nutrient release are also discussed. This review aims to provide a better overview of the developments regarding CRFs in the past ten years, and trends are identified and analyzed to provide an insight for future works in the field of agriculture.
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22
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Hydrophobically modified sustainable bio-based polyurethane for controllable release of coated urea. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Liao Y, Cao B, Liu L, Wu X, Guo S, Mi C, Li K, Wang M. Structure and properties of bio‐based polyurethane coatings for controlled‐release fertilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Bing Cao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Xiandong Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Sheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Changhui Mi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Hengyang China
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24
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Tian H, Li Z, Lu P, Wang Y, Jia C, Wang H, Liu Z, Zhang M. Starch and castor oil mutually modified, cross-linked polyurethane for improving the controlled release of urea. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117060. [PMID: 33142612 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the poor controlled release ability, bio-based materials are difficult for large scale application on controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). Starch-based polyol (SP) and castor oil (CO) were mutually modified, and a cross-linked polymer film was formed on the surface of urea by in-situ reaction, which improved the slow release ability of the bio-based material. The results showed that increasing the CO ratio reduced porosity of coating and prolonged the nitrogen (N) release period, while the SP changed the high-temperature wrinkle characteristics and regulated the early N release rate. The mutual modification achieved an ultra-long release period of bio-based CRUs for 7 months. The degradation rate during nine months of bio-based coatings (5.05 %) was significantly higher than that of petroleum-based (3.74 %), and the coating was non-toxic to rice seeds. Mutual modification provided a safe and effective solution for the preparation of bio-based CRFs with long-term controlled release capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, College of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China
| | - Zeli Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, College of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Panfang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, College of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, College of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Cong Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, College of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huaili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, College of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, College of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China.
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25
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Zheng D, Bai B, He Y, Hu N, Wang H. Synthesis and characterization of dopamine-modified Ca-alginate/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microspheres for water retention and multi-responsive controlled release of agrochemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:518-530. [PMID: 32479948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The multi-responsive controlled-release system could enhance crop yield while improving utilization efficiency of agrochemicals, and minimize environmental pollution caused by agrochemicals overuse. This work reports a novel Ca-alginate/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)@polydopamine (Ca-alginate/PNIPAm@PDA) microsphere to control the agrochemicals release. Microsphere with a semi-interpenetrating network, which contained pH-sensitive Ca-alginate, temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), and sunlight-sensitive polydopamine (PDA), was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to prove the successful synthesis. Moreover, the comprehensive performances, including photothermal conversion, water absorbency, water retention, and controlled-release agrochemicals behaviors, were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the composite microsphere was a prosperous water and agrochemicals manager to effectively retain water and control the release of agrochemicals by external stimulation. Consequently, the Ca-alginate/PNIPAm@PDA microsphere with outstanding water-retention and controlled-release capacities is economical and eco-friendly and thus is promising for utilization as water and agrochemicals controlled-release carrier material in agriculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Yunhua He
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Na Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China
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Zhang W, Xiang Y, Fan H, Wang L, Xie Y, Zhao G, Liu Y. Biodegradable Urea-Formaldehyde/PBS and Its Ternary Nanocomposite Prepared by a Novel and Scalable Reactive Extrusion Process for Slow-Release Applications in Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4595-4606. [PMID: 32212653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel binary composite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate) (UF/PBS) and its ternary nanocomposite UF/PBS/potassium dihydrogen phosphate (MKP) were prepared by a simple and scalable reactive extrusion approach using methylolurea (MU), PBS, and MKP as the raw materials. The results show that MUs react by melt polycondensation to form UFs with different polymerization degrees at the high temperature in the extruder, giving the two polymer components molecular segment-scale mixing in composites. Meanwhile, MKPs dissolved in the water generated by the melt polycondensation are perfectly confined to the nanometer scale during their precipitation process in ternary composites due to the hydrogen bonding interactions between them and UF and the "cage effect" of UF and PBS macromolecule chains. Both composites have excellent processability, mechanical properties, and slow-release performances. Compared with UF prepared by direct synthesis or reactive extrusion, N release speeds of the two composites are much lower in the early incubation stage but much higher in the subsequent stages; ternary composites can also impart MKP with excellent slow-release properties. This study can provide a good feasibility for large-scale applications of UF-based or PBS-based composites and nanocomposites used as slow-release fertilizers or other products in agriculture or horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Hairui Fan
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Guizhe Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Bi S, Barinelli V, Sobkowicz MJ. Degradable Controlled Release Fertilizer Composite Prepared via Extrusion: Fabrication, Characterization, and Release Mechanisms. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020301. [PMID: 32024294 PMCID: PMC7077398 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, biodegradable polymers were melt compounded with urea phosphate to fabricate "smart fertilizers" for sustainable agriculture. Urea phosphate (UP) is typically applied as a water-soluble fertilizer to treat phosphorus deficiency in high pH soils. Due to the low diffusion rate of phosphate through slow-release fertilizer coatings, phosphate supply has been considered the "bottleneck" for nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium (NPK) nutrients supply. We study the influence of polymer matrix structure on release kinetics in deionized water using novel polyesters including poly (hexamethylene succinate) (PHS), poly (30% butylene succinate-co-70% hexamethylene succinate) (PBHS 30/70), and PBHS 70/30. Melt processed composites of UP and polyester were analyzed to determine UP loading efficiency and dispersion and distribution of the salt in the polymer matrix. A combined empirical model involving diffusion and erosion mechanisms was found have a good agreement with the experimental release curve. This work provides a solution for environmentally friendly controlled release phosphate fertilizer with good release performance using bio-based and biodegradable polymers.
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Yang J, Liu T, Liu H, Zhai L, Wang M, Du Y, Chen Y, Yang C, Xiao H, Wang H. Dimethylolurea as a Novel Slow-Release Nitrogen Source for Nitrogen Leaching Mitigation and Crop Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7616-7625. [PMID: 31251044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid hydrolysis of urea results in further fertilization frequency and excessive nitrogen (N) input. A modified urea, dimethylolurea (DMU), was synthesized in this study. The structure of the sample was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, manifesting the formation of DMU. N release investigation confirmed that DMU enabling provided a gradual N supply. The N leaching experiment indicated that increasing the applied DMU significantly reduced the NH4+-N, NO3--N, and total N leaching, compared with urea application alone. The application effect on maize and wheat was evaluated. The results revealed that singly applied DMU with 100% or 80% N input, irrespective of the amount, promoted crop yield and agronomic characteristic and N use efficiency (NUE) of maize and wheat, beyond urea with two split applications at the recommended rate. Thus, the potential availability of DMU was proven; this could be widely used in agricultural fields as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shijiazhuang Tiedao University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province 050043 , China
| | - Tai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shijiazhuang Tiedao University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province 050043 , China
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Limei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Man Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shijiazhuang Tiedao University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province 050043 , China
| | - Yonggang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shijiazhuang Tiedao University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province 050043 , China
| | - Yanxue Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shijiazhuang Tiedao University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province 050043 , China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shijiazhuang Tiedao University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province 050043 , China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of New Brunswick , Fredericton , NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
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Xie J, Yang Y, Gao B, Wan Y, Li YC, Cheng D, Xiao T, Li K, Fu Y, Xu J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Yao Y, Wang Z, Liu L. Magnetic-Sensitive Nanoparticle Self-Assembled Superhydrophobic Biopolymer-Coated Slow-Release Fertilizer: Fabrication, Enhanced Performance, and Mechanism. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3320-3333. [PMID: 30817124 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although commercialized slow-release fertilizers coated with petrochemical polymers have revolutionarily promoted agricultural production, more research should be devoted to developing superhydrophobic biopolymer coatings with superb slow-release ability from sustainable and ecofriendly biomaterials. To inform the development of the superhydrophobic biopolymer-coated slow-release fertilizers (SBSF), the slow-release mechanism of SBSF needs to be clarified. Here, the SBSF with superior slow-release performance, water tolerance, and good feasibility for large-scale production was self-assembly fabricated using a simple, solvent-free process. The superhydrophobic surfaces of SBSF with uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 superhydrophobic magnetic-sensitive nanoparticles (SMNs) were self-assembly constructed with the spontaneous migration of Fe3O4 SMNs toward the outermost surface of the liquid coating materials ( i.e., pig fat based polyol and polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate in a mass ratio 1.2:1) in a magnetic field during the reaction-curing process. The results revealed that SBSF showed longer slow-release longevity (more than 100 days) than those of unmodified biopolymer-coated slow-release fertilizers and excellent durable properties under various external environment conditions. The governing slow-release mechanism of SBSF was clarified by directly observing the atmosphere cushion on the superhydrophobic biopolymer coating using the synchrotron radiation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique. Liquid water only contacts the top of the bulges of the solid surface (10.9%), and air pockets are trapped underneath the liquid (89.1%). The atmosphere cushion allows the slow diffusion of water vapor into the internal urea core of SBSF, which can decrease the nutrient release and enhance the slow-release ability. This self-assembly synthesis of SBSF through the magnetic interaction provides a strategy to fabricate not only ecofriendly biobased slow-release fertilizers but also other superhydrophobic materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhuo Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yuechao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
- Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS , University of Florida , Homestead , Florida 33031 , United States
| | - Bin Gao
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-0570 , United States
| | - Yongshan Wan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yuncong C Li
- Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS , University of Florida , Homestead , Florida 33031 , United States
| | - Dongdong Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Tiqiao Xiao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Zhangjiang Laboratory , Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201210 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ke Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yanan Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Zhangjiang Laboratory , Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yafu Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Lu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled-release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
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