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Lösel H, Arndt M, Wenck S, Hansen L, Oberpottkamp M, Seifert S, Fischer M. Exploring the potential of high-resolution LC-MS in combination with ion mobility separation and surrogate minimal depth for enhanced almond origin authentication. Talanta 2024; 271:125598. [PMID: 38224656 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Almonds (Prunus dulcisMill.) are consumed worldwide and their geographical origin plays a crucial role in determining their market value. In the present study, a total of 250 almond reference samples from six countries (Australia, Spain, Iran, Italy, Morocco, and the USA) were non-polar extracted and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-IM-qToF-MS. Four harvest periods, more than 30 different varieties, including both sweet and bitter almonds, were considered in the method development. Principal component analysis showed that there are three groups of samples with similarities: Australia/USA, Spain/Italy and Iran/Morocco. For origin determination, a random forest achieved an accuracy of 88.8 %. Misclassifications occurred mainly between almonds from the USA and Australia, due to similar varieties and similar external influences such as climate conditions. Metabolites relevant for classification were selected using Surrogate Minimal Depth, with triacylglycerides containing oxidized, odd chained or short chained fatty acids and some phospholipids proven to be the most suitable marker substances. Our results show that focusing on the identified lipids (e. g., using a QqQ-MS instrument) is a promising approach to transfer the origin determination of almonds to routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Lösel
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Arndt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Soeren Wenck
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Hansen
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Oberpottkamp
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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Haider A, Iqbal SZ, Bhatti IA, Alim MB, Waseem M, Iqbal M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Food authentication, current issues, analytical techniques, and future challenges: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13360. [PMID: 38741454 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Food authentication and contamination are significant concerns, especially for consumers with unique nutritional, cultural, lifestyle, and religious needs. Food authenticity involves identifying food contamination for many purposes, such as adherence to religious beliefs, safeguarding health, and consuming sanitary and organic food products. This review article examines the issues related to food authentication and food fraud in recent periods. Furthermore, the development and innovations in analytical techniques employed to authenticate various food products are comprehensively focused. Food products derived from animals are susceptible to deceptive practices, which can undermine customer confidence and pose potential health hazards due to the transmission of diseases from animals to humans. Therefore, it is necessary to employ suitable and robust analytical techniques for complex and high-risk animal-derived goods, in which molecular biomarker-based (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) techniques are covered. Various analytical methods have been employed to ascertain the geographical provenance of food items that exhibit rapid response times, low cost, nondestructiveness, and condensability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Haider
- Food Safety and Toxicology Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Zafar Iqbal
- Food Safety and Toxicology Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Waseem
- Food Safety and Toxicology Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wenck S, Mix T, Fischer M, Hackl T, Seifert S. Opening the Random Forest Black Box of 1H NMR Metabolomics Data by the Exploitation of Surrogate Variables. Metabolites 2023; 13:1075. [PMID: 37887402 PMCID: PMC10608983 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The untargeted metabolomics analysis of biological samples with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides highly complex data containing various signals from different molecules. To use these data for classification, e.g., in the context of food authentication, machine learning methods are used. These methods are usually applied as a black box, which means that no information about the complex relationships between the variables and the outcome is obtained. In this study, we show that the random forest-based approach surrogate minimal depth (SMD) can be applied for a comprehensive analysis of class-specific differences by selecting relevant variables and analyzing their mutual impact on the classification model of different truffle species. SMD allows the assignment of variables from the same metabolites as well as the detection of interactions between different metabolites that can be attributed to known biological relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Wenck
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany (M.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Thorsten Mix
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany (M.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany (M.F.); (T.H.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany (M.F.); (T.H.)
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Wang Z, Jiang C, Jin Y, Yang J, Zhao Y, Huang L, Yuan Y. Cationic Conjugated Polymer Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for DNA Methylation Assessment to Discriminate the Geographical Origins of Lonicerae japonicae flos. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12346-12356. [PMID: 37539957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The flavor and taste of Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF) products are heavily influenced by geographical origin. Tracing the geographical origin is an important aspect of LJF quality assessment. Here, DNA methylation analysis coupled with chemometrics revealed that, in 10 CpG islands upstream of genes in the chlorogenic acid and iridoid biosynthetic pathways, DNA methylation differences appear close association with LJF geographical origin. DNA methylation status in these CpG islands was determined using the cationic conjugated polymer fluorescence resonance energy transfer method. As a result, LJFs from 39 geographical origins were classified into four groups corresponding to Northern China, Central Plain of China, Southeast China, and Western China, according to cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the modulation of LJF taste and can assist in understanding how DNA methylation in LJF varies with geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpeng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jin
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
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Markos MU, Tola Y, Kebede BT, Ogah O. Metabolomics: A suitable foodomics approach to the geographical origin traceability of Ethiopian Arabica specialty coffees. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4419-4431. [PMID: 37576063 PMCID: PMC10420859 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee arabica, originated in Ethiopia, is considered a quality bean for its high sensory qualities, and has a special price in the world coffee market. The country is a pool of genetic diversity for Arabica coffee, and coffee from different regions has a distinct flavor profile. Their exceptional quality is attributed to their genetic diversity, favorable environmental conditions, and agroforestry-based production system. However, the country still needs to benefit from its single-origin product due to a lack of appropriate traceability information to register for its geographical indication. Certification of certain plants or plant-derived products emerged to inform consumers about their exceptional qualities due to their geographical origin and protect the product from fraud. The recently emerging foodomics approaches, namely proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, are reported as suitable means of regional agri-food product authentication and traceability. Particularly, the metabolomics approach provides truthful information on product traceability. Despite efforts by some researchers to trace the geographical origin of Ethiopian Arabica coffees through stable isotope and phenolic compound profiling and elemental analysis, foodomics approaches are not used to trace the geographical origin of Arabica specialty coffees from various parts of the country. A metabolomics-based traceability system that demonstrates the connection between the exceptional attributes of Ethiopian Arabica specialty coffees and their geographic origin is recommended to maximize the benefit of single-origin coffees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiso Urugo Markos
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, College of Agricultural SciencesWachemo UniversityHosannaEthiopia
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Yetenayet Tola
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | | | - Onwuchekwa Ogah
- Department of BiotechnologyEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria
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Creydt M, Flügge F, Dammann R, Schütze B, Günther UL, Fischer M. Food Fingerprinting: LC-ESI-IM-QTOF-Based Identification of Blumeatin as a New Marker Metabolite for the Detection of Origanum majorana Admixtures to O. onites/ vulgare. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050673. [PMID: 37233714 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oregano (Origanum vulgare and O. onites) is one of the most frequently counterfeited herbs in the world and is diluted with the leaves of a wide variety of plants. In addition to olive leaves, marjoram (O. majorana) is often used for this purpose in order to achieve a higher profit. However, apart from arbutin, no marker metabolites are known to reliably detect marjoram admixtures in oregano batches at low concentrations. In addition, arbutin is relatively widespread in the plant kingdom, which is why it is of great relevance to look for further marker metabolites in order to secure the analysis accordingly. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to use a metabolomics-based approach to identify additional marker metabolites with the aid of an ion mobility mass spectrometry instrument. The focus of the analysis was on the detection of non-polar metabolites, as this study was preceded by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigations of the same samples based mainly on the detection of polar analytes. Using the MS-based approach, numerous marjoram specific features could be detected in admixtures of marjoram >10% in oregano. However, only one feature was detectable in admixtures of >5% marjoram. This feature was identified as blumeatin, which belongs to the class of flavonoid compounds. Initially, blumeatin was identified based on MS/MS spectra and collision cross section values using a database search. In addition, the identification of blumeatin was confirmed by a reference standard. Moreover, dried leaves of olive, myrtle, thyme, sage and peppermint, which are also known to be used to adulterate oregano, were measured. Blumeatin could not be detected in these plants, so this substance can be considered as an excellent marker compound for the detection of marjoram admixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Flügge
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- LADR GmbH Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Kramer & Kollegen, Lauenburger Straße 67, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Robin Dammann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schütze
- LADR GmbH Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Kramer & Kollegen, Lauenburger Straße 67, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ulrich L Günther
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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Pegiou E, Engel J, Mumm R, Hall RD. Unravelling the seasonal dynamics of the metabolome of white asparagus spears using untargeted metabolomics. Metabolomics 2023; 19:23. [PMID: 36971968 PMCID: PMC10042981 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The white asparagus season lasts 4 months while the harvest period per field is 8 weeks. Different varieties are better suited for harvesting early or late in the season. Little is known of the dynamics of secondary metabolites of white asparagus during the production season. OBJECTIVE Characterization of the metabolome of white asparagus spears covering volatile and non-volatile composition in relation to quality aspects. METHODS Eight varieties, harvested repeatedly during two consecutive seasons were analysed following an untargeted metabolomics workflow using SPME GC-MS and LC-MS. Linear regression, cluster and network analyses were used to explore the profile dynamics, unravel patterns and study the influence of genotype and environment. RESULTS The metabolite profiles were influenced by the harvest moment and genetic background. Metabolites that significantly changed over time were distributed across seven clusters based on their temporal patterns. Two clusters including monoterpenes, benzenoids and saponins showed the most prominent seasonal changes. The changes depicted by the other five clusters were mainly ≤ 2-fold relative to the harvest start. Known asparagus aroma compounds were found to be relatively stable across the season/varieties. Heat-enhanced cultivation appeared to yield spears early in season with a similar metabolome to those harvested later. CONCLUSION The dynamics of the white asparagus metabolome is influenced by a complex relationship between the onset of spear development, the moment of harvest and the genetic background. The typical perceived asparagus flavour profile is unlikely to be significantly affected by these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pegiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Mumm
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food metabolomics: Latest hardware-developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2334-2350. [PMID: 36104152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever-greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far-reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting-edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non-targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS-based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Dou X, Zhang L, Yang R, Wang X, Yu L, Yue X, Ma F, Mao J, Wang X, Zhang W, Li P. Mass spectrometry in food authentication and origin traceability. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21779. [PMID: 35532212 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food authentication and origin traceability are popular research topics, especially as concerns about food quality continue to increase. Mass spectrometry (MS) plays an indispensable role in food authentication and origin traceability. In this review, the applications of MS in food authentication and origin traceability by analyzing the main components and chemical fingerprints or profiles are summarized. In addition, the characteristic markers for food authentication are also reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of MS-based techniques for food authentication, as well as the current trends and challenges, are discussed. The fingerprinting and profiling methods, in combination with multivariate statistical analysis, are more suitable for the authentication of high-value foods, while characteristic marker-based methods are more suitable for adulteration detection. Several new techniques have been introduced to the field, such as proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS), and ion mobility mass spectrometry, for the determination of food adulteration due to their fast and convenient analysis. As an important trend, the miniaturization of MS offers advantages, such as small and portable instrumentation and fast and nondestructive analysis. Moreover, many applications in food authentication are using AIMS, which can help food authentication in food inspection/field analysis. This review provides a reference and guide for food authentication and traceability based on MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Dou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruinan Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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Creydt M, Wegner B, Gnauck A, Hörner R, Hummert C, Fischer M. Food authentication in the routine laboratory: Determination of the geographical origin of white asparagus using a simple targeted LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS approach. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wenck S, Creydt M, Hansen J, Gärber F, Fischer M, Seifert S. Opening the Random Forest Black Box of the Metabolome by the Application of Surrogate Minimal Depth. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010005. [PMID: 35050127 PMCID: PMC8781913 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the untargeted analysis of the metabolome of biological samples with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-dimensional data sets containing many different metabolites are obtained. Since the utilization of these complex data is challenging, different machine learning approaches have been developed. Those methods are usually applied as black box classification tools, and detailed information about class differences that result from the complex interplay of the metabolites are not obtained. Here, we demonstrate that this information is accessible by the application of random forest (RF) approaches and especially by surrogate minimal depth (SMD) that is applied to metabolomics data for the first time. We show this by the selection of important features and the evaluation of their mutual impact on the multi-level classification of white asparagus regarding provenance and biological identity. SMD enables the identification of multiple features from the same metabolites and reveals meaningful biological relations, proving its high potential for the comprehensive utilization of high-dimensional metabolomics data.
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12
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Creydt M, Lautner S, Fromm J, Fischer M. Wood profiling by non-targeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry: Part 2, Detection of the geographical origin of spruce wood (Picea abies) by determination of metabolite pattern. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462737. [PMID: 34968956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A non-targeted metabolomics-based approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to authenticate spruce wood (Picea abies) from two geographic source areas. The two sample sites were located in Germany and only 250 km apart. In order to achieve the highest possible metabolite coverage, the spruces samples were measured with four different methods using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. In this way, a total of approximately 4,100 features were detected, which included non-polar, polar, and intermediate-polar metabolites. Using supervised multivariate methods, a distinction between the two sample groups could be achieved on the basis of non-polar data sets. The major metabolites contributing to differentiation were identified by MS/MS experiments and were from the following classes of compounds: ceramides, fatty acids, glycerolipids, and phytosterols. Based on the soil descriptions of the two sites, it was concluded that there is probably a close relationship between nutrient availability and the differences in concentration of the marker compounds. The results show that a metabolomics-based approach is also suitable for differentiation of origin, even if the sample sites are close to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Silke Lautner
- Applied Wood Biology, Faculty of Wood Science and Technology, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstrasse 5, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Wood Science, Research Unit Wood Biology, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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Pegiou E, Zhu Q, Pegios P, De Vos RCH, Mumm R, Hall RD. Metabolomics Reveals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Green and White Spears of Asparagus ( A. officinalis). Metabolites 2021; 11:708. [PMID: 34677423 PMCID: PMC8538002 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green and white asparagus are quite different crops but can be harvested from the same plant. They have distinct morphological differences due to their mode of cultivation and they are characterised by having contrasting appearance and flavour. Significant chemical differences are therefore expected. Spears from three varieties of both green and white forms, harvested in two consecutive seasons were analysed using headspace GC-MS and LC-MS with an untargeted metabolomic workflow. Mainly C5 and C8 alcohols and aldehydes, and phenolic compounds were more abundant in green spears, whereas benzenoids, monoterpenes, unsaturated aldehydes and steroidal saponins were more abundant in white ones. Previously reported key asparagus volatiles and non-volatiles were detected at similar or not significantly different levels in the two asparagus types. Spatial metabolomics revealed also that many volatiles with known positive aroma attributes were significantly more abundant in the upper parts of the spears and showed a decreasing trend towards the base. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolome of raw asparagus, the contrasts between green and white spears as well as the different chemical distributions along the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pegiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingrui Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
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14
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Schütz D, Achten E, Creydt M, Riedl J, Fischer M. Non-Targeted LC-MS Metabolomics Approach towards an Authentication of the Geographical Origin of Grain Maize ( Zea mays L.) Samples. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092160. [PMID: 34574275 PMCID: PMC8466891 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety along the food and feed supply chain is an emerging topic and closely linked to the ability to analytical trace the geographical origin of food or feed. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to trace back the geographical origin of 151 grain maize (Zea mays L.) samples from seven countries using a high resolution non-targeted metabolomics approach. Multivariate data analysis and univariate statistics were used to identify promising marker features related to geographical origin. Classification using only 20 selected markers with the Random Forest algorithm led to 90.5% correctly classified samples with 100 times repeated 10-fold cross-validation. The selected markers were assigned to the class of triglycerides, diglycerides and phospholipids. The marker set was further evaluated for its ability to separate between one sample class and the rest of the dataset, yielding accuracies above 89%. This demonstrates the high potential of the non-polar metabolome to authenticate the geographic origin of grain maize samples. Furthermore, this suggests that focusing on only a few lipids with high potential for grain maize authentication could be a promising approach for later transfer of the method to routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schütz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (D.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabeth Achten
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (D.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Janet Riedl
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (D.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Liu HY, Wadood SA, Xia Y, Liu Y, Guo H, Guo BL, Gan RY. Wheat authentication:An overview on different techniques and chemometric methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:33-56. [PMID: 34196234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1942783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops and is consumed as a staple food around the globe. Wheat authentication has become a crucial issue over the last decades. Recently, many techniques have been applied in wheat authentication including the authentication of wheat geographical origin, wheat variety, organic wheat, and wheat flour from other cereals. This paper collected related literature in the last ten years, and attempted to highlight the recent studies on the discrimination and authentication of wheat using different determination techniques and chemometric methods. The stable isotope analysis and elemental profile of wheat are promising tools to obtain information regarding the origin, and variety, and to differentiate organic from conventional farming of wheat. Image analysis, genetic parameters, and omics analysis can provide solutions for wheat variety, organic wheat, and wheat adulteration. Vibrational spectroscopy analyses, such as NIR, FTIR, and HIS, in combination with multivariate data analysis methods, such as PCA, LDA, and PLS-DA, show great potential in wheat authenticity and offer many advantages such as user-friendly, cost-effective, time-saving, and environment friendly. In conclusion, analytical techniques combining with appropriate multivariate analysis are very effective to discriminate geographical origin, cultivar classification, and adulterant detection of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Syed Abdul Wadood
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Home Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yu Xia
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Li Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Creydt M, Ludwig L, Köhl M, Fromm J, Fischer M. Wood profiling by non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry: Part 1, Metabolite profiling in Cedrela wood for the determination of the geographical origin. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461993. [PMID: 33611119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The determination of the geographical origin of wood can be highly relevant for several reasons: On the one hand, it can help to prevent illegal logging and timber trade, on the other hand, it is of special interest for archaeological artefacts made of wood, as well as for a variety of biological questions. For this reason, different extraction methods were first tested for the analysis of polar and non-polar metabolites using liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). A two-phase extraction with chloroform, methanol and water proved to be particularly successful. Subsequently, cedrela (Cedrela odorata) samples from South America were measured to distinguish geographic origin. Using multivariate data analysis, numerous origin-dependent differences could be extracted. The identification of the marker substances indicated that several metabolic pathways were affected by the geographical influences, some of them probably indicating pest infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lea Ludwig
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Köhl
- Institute of Wood Science, Research Unit World Forestry, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91e, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Wood Science, Research Unit Wood Biology, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Klare J, Rurik M, Rottmann E, Bollen A, Kohlbacher O, Fischer M, Hackl T. Determination of the Geographical Origin of Asparagus officinalis L. by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14353-14363. [PMID: 33103896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food authenticity concerning the geographical origin becomes increasingly important for consumers, food industries, and food authorities. In this study, nontargeted 1H NMR metabolomics combined with machine learning methodologies was applied to successfully distinguish the geographical origin of 237 samples of white asparagus from Germany, Poland, The Netherlands, Spain, Greece, and Peru. Support vector classification of the geographical origin achieved an accuracy of 91.5% for the entire sample set and 87.8% after undersampling the majority class. Important regions of the spectra could be identified and assigned to potential chemical markers. A subset of samples was compared to isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), an established method for the determination of origin of white asparagus in Germany. Here, SVM classification led to accuracies of 79.4% for NMR and 70.9% for IRMS. Finally, the classification of asparagus from different German regions was evaluated, and the influence of year and variety was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Klare
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Rurik
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Rottmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Bollen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Mass-Spectrometry-Based Food Metabolomics in Routine Applications: A Basic Standardization Approach Using Housekeeping Metabolites for the Authentication of Asparagus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14343-14352. [PMID: 32249560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The low reproducibility of non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches represents a major challenge for their implementation in routine analyses, because it is impossible to compare individual measurements directly with each other, if they were not analyzed in the same batch. This study describes a normalization process based on housekeeping metabolites in plant-based raw materials, which are present in comparatively constant concentrations and are subject to no or only minor deviations as a result of exogenous influences. As a model, an authenticity study was selected to determine the origin of white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Using three model data sets and one test data set, we were able to show that samples that have been measured independently of one another can be correctly assigned in terms of origin after the normalization with housekeeping metabolites. The procedure does not require internal standards or the measurements of further reference samples and can also be applied to other matrices and scientific issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food Phenotyping: Recording and Processing of Non-Targeted Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Data for Verifying Food Authenticity. Molecules 2020; 25:E3972. [PMID: 32878155 PMCID: PMC7504784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments based on metabolomics represent powerful approaches to the experimental verification of the integrity of food. In particular, high-resolution non-targeted analyses, which are carried out by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry systems (LC-MS), offer a variety of options. However, an enormous amount of data is recorded, which must be processed in a correspondingly complex manner. The evaluation of LC-MS based non-targeted data is not entirely trivial and a wide variety of strategies have been developed that can be used in this regard. In this paper, an overview of the mandatory steps regarding data acquisition is given first, followed by a presentation of the required preprocessing steps for data evaluation. Then some multivariate analysis methods are discussed, which have proven to be particularly suitable in this context in recent years. The publication closes with information on the identification of marker compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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A non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry approach for the assessment of the geographical origin of durum wheat. Food Chem 2020; 317:126366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Metabolic imaging: Analysis of different sections of white Asparagus officinalis shoots using high-resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 250:153179. [PMID: 32438196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many plant metabolism processes are currently not completely understood despite the numerous studies. These include the events in plant shoots and especially in the apical meristem. To understand the various mechanisms on a molecular level, a combined approach of target and non-targeted fingerprinting analysis was worked out on different white asparagus spear segments using high resolution mass spectrometry. By means of various multivariate analysis strategies, numerous distinctions within diverse substance classes were observed. While most of the investigated metabolites were present in relatively higher concentrations in the tip of the asparagus spears, others were more accumulated at the bottom, some, in turn, did not show any concentration differences along the shoot. Using pathway analysis, the most significant metabolites were classified in the biological context. To our knowledge for the first time, a non-targeted metabolomics approach is used with the aim of metabolic profiling of plant sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Creydt
- HAMBURG SCHOOL OF FOOD SCIENCE - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Fischer
- HAMBURG SCHOOL OF FOOD SCIENCE - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food authentication in real life: How to link nontargeted approaches with routine analytics? Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1665-1679. [PMID: 32249434 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In times of increasing globalization and the resulting complexity of trade flows, securing food quality is an increasing challenge. The development of analytical methods for checking the integrity and, thus, the safety of food is one of the central questions for actors from science, politics, and industry. Targeted methods, for the detection of a few selected analytes, still play the most important role in routine analysis. In the past 5 years, nontargeted methods that do not aim at individual analytes but on analyte profiles that are as comprehensive as possible have increasingly come into focus. Instead of investigating individual chemical structures, data patterns are collected, evaluated and, depending on the problem, fed into databases that can be used for further nontargeted approaches. Alternatively, individual markers can be extracted and transferred to targeted methods. Such an approach requires (i) the availability of authentic reference material, (ii) the corresponding high-resolution laboratory infrastructure, and (iii) extensive expertise in processing and storing very large amounts of data. Probably due to the requirements mentioned above, only a few methods have really established themselves in routine analysis. This review article focuses on the establishment of nontargeted methods in routine laboratories. Challenges are summarized and possible solutions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Lucini L, Rocchetti G, Trevisan M. Extending the concept of terroir from grapes to other agricultural commodities: an overview. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Li D, Liu Y, Liu B, Meng X. Characterization of metabolite profiles of white and green spears of asparagus officinalis L. from Caoxian, East China. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108869. [PMID: 31955777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
China is the largest planting country of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) in the world. Caoxian, as the famous asparagus township in China, enjoys a reputation for producing asparagus with high yield and good quality, due to its unique geological characteristic. In this study, a method of reverse-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (RP-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was established for profiling metabolites from three segments (tip, mid, and base) of 'Caoxian white and green Asparagus'. A total of 114 metabolites were identified, among them, 43 were found for the first time in this vegetable. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to provide an overview of the metabolite profiles of Caoxian asparagus and to separate different segments of spears. The variables most decisive to discriminate among segments included 9 of the metabolites tentatively identified. This study will help to improve the protection of Caoxian asparagus geographical indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Danrui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
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26
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Original oder Fälschung? CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201900830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Fischer
- University of HamburgHAMBURG SCHOOL OF FOOD SCIENCEInstitute of Food Chemistry Grindelallee 117 D‐20146 Hamburg / Germany
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