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Wan Q, Lu Q, Luo S, Guan C, Zhang H. The beneficial health effects of puerarin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3. [PMID: 38709267 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death globally that seriously threaten human health. Although novel western medicines have continued to be discovered over the past few decades to inhibit the progression of CVDs, new drug research and development for treating CVDs with less side effects and adverse reactions are continuously being desired. Puerarin is a natural product found in a variety of medicinal plants belonging to the flavonoid family with potent biological and pharmacological activities. Abundant research findings in the literature have suggested that puerarin possesses a promising prospect in treating CVDs. In recent years, numerous new molecular mechanisms of puerarin have been explored in experimental and clinical studies, providing new evidence for this plant metabolite to protect against CVDs. This article systematically introduces the history of use, bioavailability, and various dosage forms of puerarin and further summarizes recently published data on the major research advances and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms in treating CVDs. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of pharmacology, natural products, and internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qiwen Lu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Sang Luo
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
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Lee S, Shin H, Bae J, Lee T, Kim M, Jeon HB, Lee KH, Yoo HY, Park C. Enhanced Enzymatic Synthesis of Puerarin Palmitate with Different Acyl Donors for Lipid Solubility Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:709. [PMID: 38255784 PMCID: PMC10815456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is a flavonoid known as a natural antioxidant found in the root of Pueraria robata. Its antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects have attracted attention as a potential functional ingredient in various bioindustries. However, puerarin has limited bioavailability owing to its low lipid solubility and stability. Acylation is proposed as a synthesis method to overcome this limitation. In this study, lipase-catalyzed acylation of puerarin and various acyl donors was performed, and the enzymatic synthetic condition was optimized. Under the condition (20 g/L of Novozym 435, palmitic anhydride, 1:15, 40 °C, tetrahydrofuran (THF)), the synthesis of puerarin ester achieved a significantly high conversion (98.97%) within a short time (3 h). The molecule of the synthesized puerarin palmitate was identified by various analyses such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The lipid solubility and the radical scavenging activity were also evaluated. Puerarin palmitate showed a slight decrease in antioxidant activity, but lipid solubility was significantly improved, improving bioavailability. The high conversion achieved for puerarin esters in this study will provide the foundation for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmee Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Hyeonmi Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Jihyun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Heung Bae Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, Seoul 08221, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
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Deng X, Wu Y, Hu Z, Wang S, Zhou S, Zhou C, Gao X, Huang Y. The mechanism of ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191826. [PMID: 37266433 PMCID: PMC10229825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular accident with an acute onset, severe disease characteristics, and poor prognosis. Within 72 hours after the occurrence of SAH, a sequence of pathological changes occur in the body including blood-brain barrier breakdown, cerebral edema, and reduced cerebrovascular flow that are defined as early brain injury (EBI), and it has been demonstrated that EBI exhibits an obvious correlation with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death mode. Ferroptosis is induced by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferroptosis involves abnormal iron metabolism, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Recent study revealed that ferroptosis is involved in EBI and is significantly correlated with poor prognosis. With the gradual realization of the importance of ferroptosis, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to examine this process. This review summarizes the latest work in this field and tracks current research progress. We focused on iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, reduction systems centered on the GSH/GPX4 system, other newly discovered GSH/GPX4-independent antioxidant systems, and their related targets in the context of early brain injury. Additionally, we examined certain ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms that have been studied in other fields but not in SAH. A link between death and oxidative stress has been described. Additionally, we highlight the future research direction of ferroptosis in EBI of SAH, and this provides new ideas for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziliang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Huang Y, Wu H, Hu Y, Zhou C, Wu J, Wu Y, Wang H, Lenahan C, Huang L, Nie S, Gao X, Sun J. Puerarin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis via AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2 Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071259. [PMID: 35883750 PMCID: PMC9312059 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin was shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptosis effects in multiple diseases. The goal of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect of puerarin on early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. A total of 177 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. SAH was included via endovascular perforation. Intranasal puerarin or intracerebroventricular dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor) and SR18292 (PGC1α inhibitor) were administered. The protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, 4HNE, HO1, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere were significantly increased, whereas SOD, GPX4, and GSH were decreased at 24 h after SAH. Moreover, puerarin treatment significantly increased the protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, HO1, SOD, GPX4, and GSH, but decreased the levels of 4HNE, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 h after SAH. Dorsomorphin or SR18292 partially abolished the beneficial effects of puerarin exerted on neurological dysfunction, oxidative stress injury, and ferroptosis. In conclusion, puerarin improved neurobehavioral impairments and attenuated oxidative-stress-induced brain ferroptosis after SAH in rats. The neuroprotection acted through the activation of the AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2-signaling pathway. Thus, puerarin may serve as new therapeutics against EBI in SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Honggang Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan 614099, China
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA;
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Sheng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (J.S.)
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Li C, Dai T, Chen J, Chen M, Liang R, Liu C, Du L, McClements DJ. Modification of flavonoids: methods and influences on biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10637-10658. [PMID: 35687361 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2083572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important active ingredients in plant-based food, which have many beneficial effects on health. But the low solubility, poor oral bioavailability, and inferior stability of many flavonoids may limit their applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Structural modification can overcome these shortcomings to improve and extend the application of flavonoids. The study of how to modify flavonoids and the influence of various modifications on biological activity have drawn great interest in the current literature. In this review, the working principles and operating conditions of modification methods were summarized along with their potential and limitations in terms of operational safety, cost, and productivity. The influence of various modifications on biological activities and the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids derivatives were discussed and highlighted, which may give guidance for the synthesis of highly effective active agents. In addition, the safety of flavonoids derivatives is reviewed, and future research directions of flavonoid modification research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Taotao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruihong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqing Du
- China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Zhanjiang China
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Mo L, Zhao GL, Li XF, He N, Xiao XL, Xu HX, Yu YG. Biocatalytical Acyl-Modification of Puerarin: Shape Gut Microbiota Profile and Improve Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:44-50. [PMID: 34822099 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota balance and metabolites have become a potentially mechanism in maintaining health. The specific aim of this study was to compare the modulation of puerarin and puerarin acid esters on gut microbial composition and metabolites. Male mice were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with puerarin, puerarin propanoate ester, puerarin hexanoate ester, puerarin myristate ester for 24 h, respectively. The result revealed that puerarin acid esters with different chain lengths showed different activities to create more own impacted bacterial. Puerarin propanoate and puerarin hexanoate ester significantly improved the diversity of microbiota and promoted the relative abundance of beneficial gut microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Clostridium IV, Prevotella. Additionally, the puerarin propanoate ester group showed the capacity to deliver specific propionic acid to the colon. But esters with medium-long chain lengths had more opportunity to alter gut microbiota for enhancing the short chain fatty acids production. As a whole, puerarin acid esters with different chain lengths supplements shaped different gut microbial and short chain fatty acids metabolism, which could improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mo
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Guang-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Ning He
- The Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Precision Biomedical Devices, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xing-Long Xiao
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yi-Gang Yu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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In vitro absorption and lipid-lowering activity of baicalin esters synthesized by whole-cell catalyzed esterification. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Green synthesis of puerarin acid esters and their oral absorption evaluation in vivo. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang ZT, Guo N, Zhuang GD, Deng SM, He WJ, Chen ZQ, Xu YH, Tang D, Wang SM. Metabolic Profiling of Carbonyl Compounds for Unveiling Protective Mechanisms of Pueraria lobata against Diabetic Nephropathy by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS/MS Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10943-10951. [PMID: 34514791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Pueraria lobata (PL), also known as "Kudzu", is a widely consumed functional food or nutraceutical and has shown promise in the prevention of diabetes and complications such as DN. To explore the beneficial effects and the underlying mechanisms of PL against DN, a new strategy for in-depth metabolic profiling of carbonyl compounds in DN mice plasma by chemical derivatization combined with UPLC-Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)/MS analysis was developed for the first time. Pharmacological evaluation revealed that PL extracts containing a total of 73 identified compounds could ameliorate kidney injury and regulate abnormal glycolipid metabolism. In metabolomics analysis, 19 carbonyl compounds with significant differences were identified between DN mice and normal mice. Moreover, 12 metabolites had a tendency to return to normal levels after PL treatment. Overall, PL exerts beneficial effects on DN by regulating abnormal glycolipid metabolism and carbonyl stress, and endogenous carbonyl compounds might serve as potential biomarkers for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jiao He
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - You-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Hao L, Zhang M, Li X, Xin X, Lei F, Lai X, Zhao G, Wu H. Highly efficient whole-cell biosynthesis and cytotoxicity of esculin esters. J Biotechnol 2021; 337:46-56. [PMID: 34197823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esculin is a polyphenol with multiple bioactivities and poor lipophilicity. Therefore, a whole-cell catalytic strategy for esculin acylation was developed to improve its lipophilicity. A total of 12 strains were tested, among which Pseudomonas stutzeri exhibited the highest catalytic activity and mono-acylated regioselectivity. The conversion reached the highest level of 92.7 % at 24 h under the optimal conditions, when vinyl acetate was used as an acyl donor. The catalytic ability of P. stutzeri remained above 60 % after three cycles. Subsequently, five esculin esters with different lengths of fatty chains were synthesized and structurally identified. Of them, esculin-6'-O-octanoate, esculin-6'-O-laurate, and esculin-6'-O-myristate exhibited cytotoxicity on LO2 cells by inducing apoptosis and necrosis. The cytotoxicity of these three esters may attribute to their membrane-disrupting properties. This study provides a novel whole-cell biocatalytic strategy for the acylation of esculin and insight for application of esculin esters as a food additive or drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Xuan Xin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Faling Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Xueneng Lai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
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Wang XN, Hong LL, Kong JQ. Diacerein as a Promising Acyl Donor in Biosynthetic Acetyl-CoA and Glycosyl Esters Mediated by a Multifunctional Maltose O-Acetyltransferase from Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6623-6635. [PMID: 34080854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is an important donor for acetylation modifications of nutritional supplements. The existing enzymatic methods for acetyl-CoA synthesis suffer from cofactor dependence, donor inaccessibility, and biocatalyst instability, leading to its high cost. Hence, a promising alternative is highly desired. Herein, a maltose O-acetyltransferase (MAT) with cofactor independence had been identified as a stable acetyl-CoA-synthesizing biocatalyst in a screen of the Escherichia coli genome. Under the action of MAT, an anthraquinone medicine containing two acetyl groups, diacerein, was screened as an acetyl donor. Saturation mutagenesis at Glu125 was performed to increase the acetyl-CoA-synthesizing capacity of MAT, while decreasing the accompanying hydrolase activities. A mutant MAT-E125F was thus generated and could convert diacerein and CoA into the highest yield of 3892.70 mg/L acetyl-CoA. Moreover, MAT could synthesize puerarin 6″-O-acetate and other glycosyl esters through acetyl-CoA-dependent acetylation or diacerein-based transesterification reaction. To most of the tested glycosides, the transesterification efficiency was higher than that of acetylation. The mutant MAT-E125V acquired the highest conversion of 94.0% to puerarin 6″-O-acetate through transesterification, while MAT-E125N yielded the highest conversion of 68.5% through acetylation. Taking together, the multifunctional MAT displayed a potent acetyl-CoA- and glycosyl ester-synthesizing capacity using diacerein as an acetyl donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ning Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Li Hong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Kong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
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Mo L, Zhao GL, Li XF, Xiao XL, He N, Ma JJ, Yu YG. Evaluation of the digestion and transport profiles and potential immunocompetence of puerarin and its acylated derivatives. Food Funct 2021; 12:5949-5958. [PMID: 34031685 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylation has become one of the most widely used methods to improve the lipid solubility and bioavailability of flavonoids. In this study, puerarin acid esters (PAES) with different chain lengths were synthesized via biocatalytic acylation. This was the first study to evaluate the digestion and transport profiles and immunocompetence of PAES. The relationship between the digestion and transport profiles and potential immunocompetence of the acylated derivatives in Caco-2 cell monolayers was also explored. Puerarin and PAES remained stable in gastric phases, whereas different degrees of hydrolysis of PAES were found in the intestine. PAES with less than 12 carbon chains were positively correlated with the degree of hydrolysis, while those with more than 12 carbon chains showed higher resistance to hydrolysis by the artificial human digestive juice. The apparent permeability coefficients of puerarin, puerarin acetate, puerarin propanoate, puerarin butyrate, puerarin hexanoate, puerarin octanate and puerarin laurate were 1.62 ± 0.09, 1.70 ± 0.15, 1.89 ± 0.19, 1.86 ± 0.18, 2.29 ± 0.12, 4.06 ± 1.01 and 2.32 ± 0.88 × 10-6 cm s-1, respectively, in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The results of the immune factor assays indicated that puerarin propanoate, puerarin hexanoate and puerarin myristate could significantly promote the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. These findings suggested that a better absorption could be predicted after oral intake using PAES. Meanwhile, the concentration of esters and their metabolites (puerarin) found in the digestion and transport profiles directly affected their potential immunocompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mo
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Guang-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Xing-Long Xiao
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Ning He
- The Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Precision Biomedical Devices, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Juan-Juan Ma
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Yi-Gang Yu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Li X, Zhao Y, Lai X, Nong J, Zhao G, Xiao X. One-pot biocatalytic synthesis and antioxidant activities of highly lipophilic naringin derivatives by using bi-functional whole-cells. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Xia N, Wan W, Zhu S, Liu Q. Synthesis of Hydrophobic Propionyl Neohesperidin Ester Using an Immobilied Enzyme and Description of Its Anti-proliferative and Pro-apoptotic Effects on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1025. [PMID: 32984288 PMCID: PMC7487361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neohesperidin (NH) is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound with considerable physiological and pharmacological activities. However, its bioavailability is limited due to poor solubility, and few studies have so far attempted improve the solubility and bioavailability of NH. In this study, we structurally modified NH using an immobilized lipase to improve lipophilicity and therefore expand its applicability in lipophilic media as well as enhance its bioavailability in vivo. In addition, we aimed investigated the pro-apoptoptotic activity of this new compound (propionyl neohesperidin ester, PNHE) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using a variety of cellular assays, including the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl- 2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-h-tetrazolium bromide assay, assessment of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and flow cytometry. We successfully synthesized PNHE using immobilized lipases, and the esterification of NH was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Compared to NH, HNPE showed higher anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which may be explained by its increased lipophilicity compared to neohesperidin, benefiting to the action of NH on the cancer cell wall. The IC50 of PNHE for inducing apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was 185.52 μg/mL. PNHE increased both the proportion of cells in Sub-G1 phase and the cellular ROS content, indicating a certain therapeutic effect of HNPE on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, China
| | - Wenjing Wan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Chen M, Xiang L, Wu G, Liao Y, Cai Y. Puerarin Inhibits Endothelium-Dependent Contractions in Mouse Carotid Arteries. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923163. [PMID: 32555127 PMCID: PMC7325555 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many bioactive ingredients of medicinal plants are known to produce vaso-protective benefits. Puerarin is one of the major isoflavone glucosides found in the root of kudzu vine and it exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and many other pharmacological actions. However, the mechanism underlying the vascular effect of puerarin is incompletely understood. Therefore, the present study aims to examine how puerarin reduces endothelium-dependent contractions (EDCs) in mouse arteries. Material/Methods EDCs were evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated mouse carotid arteries with intact endothelium pretreated with Nω-NO2-L-Arg-OMe (L-NAME). The arteries were pretreated with puerarin and other pharmacological inhibitors before the addition of cumulative concentrations of ACh. The concentration of several prostaglandins (PGs) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-coupled spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Results EDCs induced by ACh only presented in endothelium-intact arteries pretreated by L-NAME and EDCs were prevented by the treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (3 μmol/L) or thromboxane prostanoid receptor (TP receptor) antagonist S18886 (30 nmol/L). Acute 40-minute treatment with puerarin reduced EDCs in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting U46619-induced contraction. However, treatment with puerarin did not inhibit ACh-induced production of prostaglandins (PGs) in endothelium-intact arteries. Conclusions The present results show that puerarin is able to suppress EDCs in mouse carotid arteries, independent of inhibition of TP receptor or COX2-derived PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Xiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guangliang Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingdi Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Low-Level Organic Solvents Improve Multienzyme Whole-Cell Catalytic Synthesis of Myricetin-7-O-Glucuronide. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multienzyme whole-cell biocatalysts are preferred in industrial applications, and two major concerns regarding the use of these biocatalysts, cell viability and cell membrane integrity, must be addressed. In this work, the transformation of myricetin to myricetin-7-O-glucuronide catalyzed by an engineered Escherichia coli strain was taken as the model reaction to examine the impacts of low-level organic solvents on whole-cell biocatalysis. Low-level organic solvents (2%, v/v) showed a significant increase (roughly 13-fold) in myricetin-7-O-glucuronide yields. No obvious compromises of cellular viability and integrity were observed by a flow cytometry assay or in the determination of extracellular protein leakage, suggesting the addition of low-level organic solvents accommodates whole E. coli cells. Furthermore, a scaled-up reaction was conducted to test the capability and efficiency of whole-cell catalysis in the presence of organic solvents. This study presents a promising and simple means to enhance the productivity of multienzyme whole-cell catalysis without losing the barrier functions of the cell membrane.
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