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Hong J, Shi Y, Xu F, Chen J, Mi M, Ren Q, Kang Y. Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38833514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by substantial disruption in the liver's lipid level regulation. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is acknowledged as a nutritious food that has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia. This study utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to investigate the efficacy of KGM in alleviating high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid homeostasis. The findings indicated that supplementation of KGM for a duration of 10 weeks led to significant decreases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat tissue weight. Furthermore, improvements in lipid concentrations in plasma and liver samples were observed, along with enhancements in glucose tolerance and the mitigation of liver damage. Additionally, lipidomics analysis revealed that the primary differential lipid metabolites were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptomic analysis showed that KGM significantly altered the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the liver. Moreover, KGM demonstrated a significant regulatory impact on the hepatic expression of PPARγ, potentially mitigating hepatic steatosis through modulation of the PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that KGM effectively mitigates steatosis by modulating hepatic lipid metabolites and controlling PPARγ-mediated genes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Fengzhuo Xu
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Ma Mi
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Wei Y, Shao J, Pang Y, Wen C, Wei K, Peng L, Wang Y, Wei X. Antidiabetic Potential of Tea and Its Active Compounds: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Evidence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11837-11853. [PMID: 38743877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder that poses a long-term risk to human health accompanied by serious complications. Common antidiabetic drugs are usually accompanied by side effects such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. There is an urgent need for natural dietary alternatives for diabetic treatment. Tea (Camellia sinensis) consumption has been widely investigated to lower the risk of diabetes and its complications through restoring glucose metabolism homeostasis, safeguarding pancreatic β-cells, ameliorating insulin resistance, ameliorating oxidative stresses, inhibiting inflammatory response, and regulating intestinal microbiota. It is indispensable to develop effective strategies to improve the absorption of tea active compounds and exert combinational effects with other natural compounds to broaden its hypoglycemic potential. The advances in clinical trials and population-based investigations are also discussed. This review primarily delves into the antidiabetic potential and underlying mechanisms of tea active compounds, providing a theoretical basis for the practical application of tea and its active compounds against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Pang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Caican Wen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Xia P, Zheng Y, Sun L, Chen W, Shang L, Li J, Hou T, Li B. Regulation of glycose and lipid metabolism and application based on the colloidal nutrition science properties of konjac glucomannan: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121849. [PMID: 38388033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hydration properties, adsorption properties, rheological properties, have an important influence on the physiological process of host digestion and absorption, leading to the differences in satiety and glucose and lipid metabolisms. Based on the diversified physicochemical properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM), it is meaningful to review the relationship of structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and glycose and lipid metabolism. Firstly, this paper bypassed the category of intestinal microbes, and explained the potential of dietary fiber in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism during nutrient digestion and absorption from the perspective of colloidal nutrition. Secondly, the modification methods of KGM to regulate its physicochemical properties were discussed and the relationship between KGM's molecular structure types and glycose and lipid metabolism were summarized. Finally, based on the characteristics of KGM, the application of KGM in the main material and ingredients of fat reduction food was reviewed. We hope this work could provide theoretical basis for the study of dietary fiber colloid nutrition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longchen Shang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Nie Q, Sun Y, Hu W, Chen C, Lin Q, Nie S. Glucomannan promotes Bacteroides ovatus to improve intestinal barrier function and ameliorate insulin resistance. IMETA 2024; 3:e163. [PMID: 38868507 PMCID: PMC10989147 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive dietary fiber has been proven to confer numerous health benefits against metabolic diseases based on the modification of gut microbiota. The metabolic protective effects of glucomannan have been previously reported in animal experiments and clinical trials. However, critical microbial signaling metabolites and the host targets associated with the metabolic benefits of glucomannan remain elusive. The results of this study revealed that glucomannan supplementation alleviated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in mice and that its beneficial effects were dependent on the gut microbiota. Administration of glucomannan to mice promoted the growth of Bacteroides ovatus. Moreover, colonization with B. ovatus in HFD-fed mice resulted in a decrease in insulin resistance, accompanied by improved intestinal barrier integrity and reduced systemic inflammation. Furthermore, B. ovatus-derived indoleacetic acid (IAA) was established as a key bioactive metabolite that fortifies intestinal barrier function via activation of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), leading to an amelioration in insulin resistance. Thus, we conclude that glucomannan acts through the B. ovatus-IAA-intestinal AhR axis to relieve insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Wenbing Hu
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qiongni Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Hamed YS, Ahsan HM, Hussain M, Ahmad I, Tian B, Wang J, Zou XG, Bu T, Ming C, Rayan AM, Yang K. Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa root: Extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128023. [PMID: 37952795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) roots are attracting increased attention from nutritionists and health-conscious customers because of their remarkable performance in supplying necessary nutrients. Polysaccharides are major biologically active substances in B. rapa roots, which come in a variety of monosaccharides with different molar ratios and glycosidic bond types. Depending on the source, extraction, separation, and purification methods of B. rapa roots polysaccharides (BRP); different structural features, and pharmacological activities are elucidated. Polysaccharides from B. rapa roots possess a range of nutritional, biological, and health-enhancing characteristics, including anti-hypoxic, antifatigue, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. This paper reviewed extraction and purification methods, structural features, and biological activities as well as correlations between the structural and functional characteristics of polysaccharides from the B. rapa roots. Ultimately, this work will serve as useful reference for understanding the connections between polysaccharide structure and biological activity and developing novel BRP-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya S Hamed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahahuddin Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Tingting Bu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Cai Ming
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ahmed M Rayan
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
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Li L, Zhang L, Han Y, Wen L, Shao S, Zong X. Effect of the addition of mung bean, corn, and sweet potato starch on the properties of konjac gel. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:3094-3101. [PMID: 37786606 PMCID: PMC10542064 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Konjac gel (KG) food is a popular choice among consumers due to its delicious taste, low-calorie content, and ability to provide satiety. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of mung bean starch (MBS), corn starch (CS), and sweet potato starch (SPS) on the water solubility, gel strength, microstructure, and viscosity of KG. The experimental results showed that MBS exhibited the largest amylose content (47.07 ± 1.71%), and SPS had the lowest amylose content (27.92 ± 1.24%). With the increase of starch concentration, the gel strength and viscosity of KG increased, the KG with 3% MBS had higher water solubility and stronger gel strength, and the KG with 3% SPS had better viscosity. In addition, according to the scanning electron microscope, the microstructure of KG without starch was a porous honeycomb, and the network structure of CS/KG was more orderly and uniform. The microstructure of MBS/KG was tightly wrinkled, while the honeycomb structure of SPS/KG was more orderly and the network outline was clearer. The addition of starch could improve the quality of KG, the type of starch used had different effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan China
| | - Yang Han
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan China
| | - Lei Wen
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan China
- Liquor Brewing Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan China
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Heze Institute of Administrative Approval Service Bureau, Heze, 274000 Shandong China
- Heze Institute of Food and Drug Inspection and Detection, Heze, 274000 Shandong China
| | - Xuyan Zong
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan China
- Liquor Brewing Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan China
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Kang Y, Ren P, Shen X, Kuang X, Yang X, Liu H, Yan H, Yang H, Kang X, Ding Z, Luo X, Ma J, Yang Y, Fan W. A Newly Synbiotic Combination Alleviates Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota-Fat Axis and Inhibiting the Hepatic TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300141. [PMID: 37594720 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity has been recognized as a worldwide public health crisis, this is accompanied by dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota and upregulation of liver steatosis and adipose inflammation. Synbiotic as a novel alternative therapy for obesity have recently gained much attention. METHODS This study innovatively research the anti-obesity properties of a newly synbiotic composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis and konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides. RESULTS The synbiotic treatment can reduce body weight, fat mass, blood sugar, liver steatosis and adipose inflammation in obesity mice fed by high-fat diet (HFD). Meanwhile, synbiotic treatment activated brown adipose tissue and improve energy, glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, synbiotic treatment not solely enhanced the protection of intestinal barrier, but also ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis directly by enhancing beneficial microbes and reducing potentially harmful bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiome phenotype and functional prediction showed that synbiotic treatment can improve the gut microbiota functions involving inflammatory state, immune response, metabolism and pathopoiesia. CONCLUSION The synbiotic may be an effective candidate treatment strategy for the clinical prevention and treatment of obesity and other associated metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases by alleviating inflammatory response, regulating energy metabolism and maintaining the balance of intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiaorong Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Zeyuan Ding
- Laboratory of Morphology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xuguang Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jieqiong Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
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Sun Y, Zhang S, Nie Q, He H, Tan H, Geng F, Ji H, Hu J, Nie S. Gut firmicutes: Relationship with dietary fiber and role in host homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12073-12088. [PMID: 35822206 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the predominant bacterial phyla colonizing the healthy human gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary fiber plays a crucial role in host health, yet most studies have focused on how the dietary fiber affects health through gut Bacteroides. More recently, gut Firmicutes have been found to possess many genes responsible for fermenting dietary fiber, and could also interact with the intestinal mucosa and thereby contribute to homeostasis. Consequently, the relationship between dietary fiber and Firmicutes is of interest, as well as the role of Firmicutes in host health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism of dietary fiber degradation by gut Firmicutes and explain the communication pathway of the dietary fiber-Firmicutes-host axis, and the beneficial effects of dietary fiber-induced Firmicutes and their metabolites on health. A better understanding of the dialogue sustained by the dietary fiber-Firmicutes axis and the host could provide new insights into probiotic therapy and novel dietary interventions aimed at increasing the abundance of Firmicutes (such as Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia) to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haihua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Luo Z, Xu J, Gao Q, Wang Z, Hou M, Liu Y. Study on the effect of licochalcone A on intestinal flora in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice based on 16S rRNA technology. Food Funct 2023; 14:8903-8921. [PMID: 37702574 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00861d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Licorice, has a long history in China where it has various uses, including as a medicine, and is often widely consumed as a food ingredient. Licorice is rich in various active components, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and nucleosides, among which licochalcone A (LicA) is an active component with multiple physiological effects. Previous studies from our research group have shown that LicA can significantly improve glucose and lipid metabolism and related complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. However, research on the mechanism of LicA in T2DM mice based on intestinal flora has not been carried out in depth. Therefore, in this study, LicA was taken as the research object and the effects of LicA on glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in T2DM mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ)/high-fat feed (HFD) were explored. The results indicated that LicA could reduce serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, increase HDL-C levels, reduce blood glucose, and improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. LicA also alleviated pathological damage to the liver. The results also showed that LicA significantly affected the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the α diversity index. β Diversity analysis showed that after the intervention of LicA, the composition of intestinal flora was significantly different from that in the T2DM model group. Correlation analysis showed that the changes in glucose and lipid metabolism parameters in mice were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Helicobacter, and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.01). Analysis of key bacteria showed that LicA could significantly promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter, Blautia, and Faecococcus, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Enterococcus, Dorea, and Arachnococcus. In conclusion, it was confirmed that LicA reversed the imbalanced intestinal flora, and increased the richness and diversity of the species in T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Luo
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Huanghe North Street, No. 146, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- College of physical education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, The Veterans General Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 20 Beijiu Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Huanghe North Street, No. 146, Shenyang 110034, China.
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10
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Hong J, Shi Y, Chen J, Mi M, Ren Q, Zhang Y, Shen M, Bu J, Kang Y. Konjac glucomannan attenuate high-fat diet-fed obesity through enhancing β-adrenergic-mediated thermogenesis in inguinal white adipose tissue in mice. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:575-586. [PMID: 37535173 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) has been reported to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity, and we study investigated whether dietary supplementation with KGM can prevent obesity by increasing energy expenditure in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of high-fat diet (HF) -fed mice. Weaned mice fed the control diet (Con), HF, or HF plus KGM (8%, w/w, HFK) were divided into three groups. The results showed that 10-week supplementation with KGM significantly reduced partial adipose tissue weight and body weight, and improved glucose tolerance. Compared to the HF group, plasma lipid concentrations in the HFK group were greatly decreased to the control level. Moreover, transcriptomic research has shown that genes that are mainly associated with energy and lipid metabolism are significantly altered in iWAT. Mechanistically, KGM stimulated thermogenesis by promoting the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and the β3-adrenergic receptor (ADR3β). Taken together, our results suggest that dietary supplementation with konjac glucomannan can effectively alleviate obesity induced by a high-fat diet by activating ADR3β-mediated iWAT thermogenesis. Dietary supplementation with KGM can effectively alleviate high fat diet- induced obesity mice by via activating ADR3β-mediated thermogenesis of iWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
- Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa, 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ma Mi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Bu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu, China.
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Tan Y, Tan S, Ren T, Yu L, Li P, Xie G, Chen C, Yuan M, Xu Q, Chen Z. Transcriptomics Reveals the Mechanism of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Ellagitannin in Improving Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder in db/db Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4187. [PMID: 37836471 PMCID: PMC10574348 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex metabolic disorder, type 2 diabetes, was investigated to explore the impact of ellagitannin, derived from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RTT), on liver lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice. The findings demonstrated that both RTT ellagitannin (C1) and RTT ellagic acid (C4) considerably decelerated body mass gain in db/db mice, significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and mitigated the aggregation of hepatic lipid droplets. At LDL-C levels, C1 performed substantially better than the C4 group, exhibiting no significant difference compared to the P (positive control) group. An RNA-seq analysis further disclosed that 1245 differentially expressed genes were identified in the livers of experimental mice following the C1 intervention. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that, under ellagitannin intervention, numerous differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolic processes, the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid synthesis, and other lipid metabolism-related pathways. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis results indicated that RTT ellagitannin notably upregulated the gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In contrast, it downregulated the gene and protein expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), recombinant fatty acid synthase (FASN), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Therefore, RTT ellagitannin can activate the PPAR signaling pathway, inhibit fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis, and ameliorate hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in db/db mice, thus potentially aiding in maintaining lipid homeostasis in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Tan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuming Tan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingyuan Ren
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Qiandongnan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of National Medicine, Kaili University, Kaili 556018, China
| | - Guofang Xie
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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12
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Tamel Selvan K, Goon JA, Makpol S, Tan JK. Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds on Diabetes Mellitus. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:462. [PMID: 37755075 PMCID: PMC10532649 DOI: 10.3390/md21090462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. There has been a growing interest in applying natural products to improve metabolic derangements without the side effects of anti-diabetic drugs. Microalgae biomass or extract and their bioactive compounds have been applied as nutraceuticals or additives in food products and health supplements. Several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds in improving insulin sensitivity attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pancreatic β-cell protective properties. However, a review summarizing the progression in this topic is lacking despite the increasing number of studies reporting their anti-diabetic potential. In this review, we gathered the findings from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies to discuss the effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds on diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms involved. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and future perspectives of developing microalgae-based compounds as a health supplement for diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, microalgae-based supplementation has the potential to improve diabetes mellitus and be applied in more clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Ya’acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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13
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Yang S, Yang H, Zhang Y. Yao-Shan of traditional Chinese medicine: an old story for metabolic health. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1194026. [PMID: 37663255 PMCID: PMC10468577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1194026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), hyperuricemia and gout, and metabolic-related sexual dysfunction are metabolic diseases that affect human health in modern society. Scientists have made great efforts to investigate metabolic diseases using cell models in vitro or animal models in the past. However, the findings from cells or animals are difficult to translate into clinical applications due to factors such as the in vitro and in vivo differences; the differences in anatomy, physiology, and genetics between humans and animals; and the differences in microbiome-host interaction. The Chinese have extensively used the medicated diet of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (also named as Yao-Shan of TCM, Chinese Yao-Shan et al.) to maintain or improve cardiometabolic health for more than 2,200 years. These ancient classic diets of TCM are essential summaries of long-term life and clinical practices. Over the past 5 years, our group has made every effort to collect and sort out the classic Yao-Shan of TCM from the ancient TCM literature since Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, especially these are involved in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, NAFLD, CCVDs, hyperuricemia and gout, and sexual dysfunction. Here, we summarized and discussed the classic Yao-Shan of TCM for metabolic diseases according to the time recorded in the ancient literature, and revised the Latin names of the raw materials in these Yao-Shan of TCM. Moreover, the modern medicine evidences of some Yao-Shan of TCM on metabolic diseases have also been summarized and emphasized in here. However, the exact composition (in terms of ratios), preparation process, and dosage of many Yao-Shan are not standardized, and their main active ingredients are vague. Uncovering the mystery of Yao-Shan of TCM through modern biological and chemical strategies will help us open a door, which is ancient but now looks new, to modulate metabolic homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Zeng H, He S, Xiong Z, Su J, Wang Y, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota-metabolic axis insight into the hyperlipidemic effect of lotus seed resistant starch in hyperlipidemic mice. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120939. [PMID: 37173019 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the hyperlipidemic effect of different doses of lotus seed resistant starch (low-, medium and high-dose LRS, named as LLRS, MLRS and HLRS, respectively) in hyperlipidemic mice using gut microbiota-metabolic axis compared to high-fat diet mice (model control group, MC). Allobaculum was significantly decreased in LRS groups compared to MC group, while MLRS promoted the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and norank_f_Erysipelotrichaceae. Moreover, supplementation of LRS promoted cholic acid (CA) production and inhibited deoxycholic acid compared to MC group. Among, LLRS promoted formic acid, MLRS inhibited 20-Carboxy-leukotriene B4, while HLRS promoted 3, 4-Methyleneazelaic acid and inhibited Oleic acid and Malic acid. Finally, MLRS regulate microbiota composition, and this promoted cholesterol catabolism to form CA, which inhibited serum lipid index by gut microbiota-metabolic axis. In conclusion, MLRS can promote CA and inhibit medium chain fatty acids, so as to play the best role in lowering blood lipids in hyperlipidemia mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shuqi He
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zixiao Xiong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinhan Su
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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15
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Chen H, Zhang WJ, Kong JB, Liu Y, Zhi YL, Cao YG, Du K, Xue GM, Li M, Zhao ZZ, Sun YJ, Feng WS, Xie ZS. Structurally Diverse Phenolic Amides from the Fruits of Lycium barbarum with Potent α-Glucosidase, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitory, and PPAR-γ Agonistic Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11080-11093. [PMID: 37462007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A total of nine new phenolic amides (1-9), including four pairs of enantiomeric mixtures (3-5 and 8), along with ten known analogues (10-19) were identified from the fruits of Lycium barbarum using bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses, chiral HPLC analyses, and quantum NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 5-7 are the first example of feruloyl tyramine dimers fused through a cyclobutane ring. The activity results indicated that compounds 1, 11, and 13-17 exhibited remarkable inhibition against α-glucosidase with IC50 of 1.11-33.53 μM, 5-150 times stronger than acarbose (IC50 = 169.78 μM). Meanwhile, compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 13, and 14 exerted moderate agonistic activities for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), with EC50 values of 10.09-44.26 μM. Especially,compound 14 also presented inhibitory activity on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV), with an IC50 value of 47.13 μM. Furthermore, the banding manner of compounds 14 and 17 with the active site of α-glucosidase, DPPIV, and PPAR-γ was explored by employing molecular docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Bo Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Le Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Kun Du
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Min Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Shen Xie
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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16
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Tang L, Xiao M, Cai S, Mou H, Li D. Potential Application of Marine Fucosyl-Polysaccharides in Regulating Blood Glucose and Hyperglycemic Complications. Foods 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37444337 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the world's third major disease after tumors and cardiovascular disease. With the exploitation of marine biological resources, the efficacy of using polysaccharides isolated from marine organisms in blood glucose regulation has received widespread attention. Some marine polysaccharides can reduce blood glucose by inhibiting digestive enzyme activity, eliminating insulin resistance, and regulating gut microbiota. These polysaccharides are mainly fucose-containing sulphated polysaccharides from algae and sea cucumbers. It follows that the hypoglycemic activity of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides is closely related to their structure, such as their sulfate group, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and glycosidic bond type. However, the structure of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides and the mechanism of their hypoglycemic activity are not yet clear. Therefore, this review comprehensively covers the effects of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides sources, mechanisms and the structure-activity relationship on hypoglycemic activity. Moreover, the potential regulatory effects of fucosyl-polysaccharides on vascular complications caused by hyperglycemia are also summarized in this review. This review provides rationales for the activity study of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides and new insights into the high-value utilization of marine biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shenyuan Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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17
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Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Xie X, Zhou H, Wu Z, Liu R, Pang J. Review of Konjac Glucomannan Structure, Properties, Gelation Mechanism, and Application in Medical Biology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081852. [PMID: 37111999 PMCID: PMC10145206 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a naturally occurring macromolecular polysaccharide that exhibits remarkable film-forming and gel-forming properties, and a high degree of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The helical structure of KGM is maintained by the acetyl group, which plays a crucial role in preserving its structural integrity. Various degradation methods, including the topological structure, can enhance the stability of KGM and improve its biological activity. Recent research has focused on modifying KGM to enhance its properties, utilizing multi-scale simulation, mechanical experiments, and biosensor research. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the structure and properties of KGM, recent advancements in non-alkali thermally irreversible gel research, and its applications in biomedical materials and related areas of research. Additionally, this review outlines prospects for future KGM research, providing valuable research ideas for follow-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Sun
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinhua Zhang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jie Pang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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18
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Yu WQ, Wang XL, Ji HH, Miao M, Zhang BH, Li H, Zhang ZY, Ji CF, Guo SD. CM3-SII polysaccharide obtained from Cordyceps militaris ameliorates hyperlipidemia in heterozygous LDLR-deficient hamsters by modulating gut microbiota and NPC1L1 and PPARα levels. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124293. [PMID: 37011745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that polysaccharides derived from edible fungi have lipid-lowering effects in mice. However, the lipid metabolism mechanisms in mice and humans are different. We have previously elucidated the structural characteristics of the alkali-extracted polysaccharide CM3-SII obtained from Cordyceps militaris. This study aimed to investigate whether CM3-SII could ameliorate hyperlipidemia in a heterozygous low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient hamster model of hyperlipidemia. Our data demonstrated that CM3-SII significantly decreased total plasma cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in heterozygous LDLR-deficient hamsters. Unlike ezetimibe, CM3-SII could enhance the concentration of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and the expression of liver X receptor α/ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 mRNA pathway and suppress the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, which help to reduce cholesterol levels further. Moreover, the results of molecular docking analysis demonstrated that CM3-SII could directly bind to Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 with high affinity. The triglyceride-lowering mechanisms of CM3-SII were related to its downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Importantly, CM3-SII increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Faecalibaculum and the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes. Thus, CM3-SII attenuated hyperlipidemia by modulating the expression of multiple molecules involved in lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota.
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19
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Jayachandran M, Christudas S, Zheng X, Xu B. Dietary fiber konjac glucomannan exerts an antidiabetic effect via inhibiting lipid absorption and regulation of PPAR-γ and gut microbiome. Food Chem 2023; 403:134336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Rezanejade Bardajee G, Boraghi SA, Mahmoodian H, Rezanejad Z, Parhizkari K, Elmizadeh H. A salep biopolymer-based superporous hydrogel for ranitidine delivery: synthesis and characterization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Huang ZR, Huang QZ, Chen KW, Huang ZF, Liu Y, Jia RB, Liu B. Sanghuangporus vaninii fruit body polysaccharide alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia via modulating intestinal microflora in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013466. [PMID: 36337615 PMCID: PMC9632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is principally induced by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. In the current study, Sanghuangporus vaninii fruit body polysaccharide (SVP) was prepared and structurally characterized. It was shown that the yield of SVP was 1.91%, and SVP mainly contains small molecular weight polysaccharides. Afterward, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and the potential mechanism of SVP in T2DM mice were investigated. The results exhibited oral SVP could reverse the body weight loss, high levels of blood glucose, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation in T2DM mice. Oral SVP increased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations of T2DM mice. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis illustrated that SVP can modulate the structure and function of intestinal microflora in T2DM mice, indicating as decreasing the levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, Flavonifractor, Odoribacter, and increasing the levels of Weissella, Alloprevotella, and Dubosiella. Additionally, the levels of predicted metabolic functions of Citrate cycle, GABAergic synapse, Insulin signaling pathway were increased, and those of Purine metabolism, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and Starch and sucrose metabolism were decreased in intestinal microflora after SVP treatment. These findings demonstrate that SVP could potentially play hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects by regulating gut microflora and be a promising nutraceutical for ameliorating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rui Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhen Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wen Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Feng Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
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22
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Effects of Cichorium glandulosum on hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and intestinal flora in db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Recent advances in Mung bean polysaccharides: Extraction, physicochemical properties and biological activities. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Huangshan Maofeng Green Tea Extracts Prevent Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders by Maintaining Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Lipid Classes in Leptin Receptor Knockout Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192939. [PMID: 36230016 PMCID: PMC9562686 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Huangshan Maofeng green tea (HMGT) is one of the most well-known green teas consumed for a thousand years in China. Research has demonstrated that consumption of green tea effectively improves metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of obesity prevention are still not well understood. This study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of long-term intervention of Huangshan Maofeng green tea water extract (HTE) on obesity-associated metabolic disorders in leptin receptor knockout (Lepr−/−) rats by using gut microbiota and hepatic lipidomics data. The Lepr−/− rats were administered with 700 mg/kg HTE for 24 weeks. Our results showed that HTE supplementation remarkably reduced excessive fat accumulation, as well as ameliorated hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in Lepr−/− rats. In addition, HTE increased gut microbiota diversity and restored the relative abundance of the microbiota responsible for producing short chain fatty acids, including Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, Veillonellaceae, etc. Hepatic lipidomics analysis found that HTE significantly recovered glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid classes in the liver of Lepr−/− rats. Furthermore, nineteen lipid species, mainly from phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and triglycerides (TGs), were significantly restored increases, while nine lipid species from TGs and diglycerides (DGs) were remarkably recovered decreases by HTE in the liver of Lepr−/− rats. Our results indicated that prevention of obesity complication by HTE may be possible through maintaining homeostasis of gut microbiota and certain hepatic lipid classes.
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Yuan D, Huang Q, Li C, Fu X. A polysaccharide from Sargassum pallidum reduces obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by modulating glycolipid metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:7181-7191. [PMID: 35708004 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum pallidum polysaccharide (SPP) has been shown to have antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, the anti-obesity mechanism of SPP in obese mice remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of SPP in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The model and experimental groups were fed with a HFD, and the experimental groups were simultaneously orally treated with degraded SPP (D-SPP) with dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that oral administration of D-SPP not only dramatically suppressed body weight gain and reduced the fasting blood glucose level, but also lowered the levels of serum and hepatic lipids in HFD-induced obese mice. Histopathological analysis showed that D-SPP significantly prevented liver fat accumulation and reduced white adipose hypertrophy and adipocyte size. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that D-SPP intervention significantly down-regulated the relative expressions of adipogenesis genes. Specifically, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (Srebp-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1(ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver of obese mice were decreased by 68, 53, 73, and 78%, respectively. These findings suggest that D-SPP might potentially be used as a promising dietary supplement for ameliorating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Lotus seed resistant starch ameliorates high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia by fatty acid degradation and glycerolipid metabolism pathways in mouse liver. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:79-91. [PMID: 35718147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Lotus seed Resistant Starch (LRS) for regulating hyperlipidemia in mice fed a High-fat Diet (HFD). Mouse were fed a normal diet (Normal Control group, NC group), HFD alone (MC group), HFD plus lovastatin (PC group), or HFD with low/medium/high LRS (LLRS, MLRS, and HLRS groups, respectively) for 4 weeks. LRS supplementation significantly decreased body weight and significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol compared with the MC group. LRS also significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, especially in the MLRS group, which also showed a significantly reduced visceral fat index. LLRS supplementation significantly regulated genes associated with glycerolipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis (Lpin1 and Ugt2b38), MLRS significantly regulated genes related to fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, and glycerolipid metabolism (Lpin1, Hadha, Aldh3a2, and Acox1), whereas HLRS significantly regulated genes related to fatty acid elongation and glycerolipid metabolism (Lpin1, Elovl3, Elovol5, and Agpat3). The fatty acid-degradation pathway regulated by MLRS thus exerts better control of serum lipid levels, body weight, visceral fat index, and liver steatosis in mice compared with LLRS- and HLRS-regulated pathways.
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Xia P, Hou T, Ma M, Li S, Jin H, Luo X, Li J, Geng F, Li B. Konjac oligosaccharides attenuate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: mechanistic insights. Food Funct 2022; 13:5626-5639. [PMID: 35506498 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the protective effect of konjac oligosaccharides (KOS) on inflammatory bowel disease in colitis mice. During the experimental period, mice were administered 200 mg kg-1 or 600 mg kg-1 KOS, 200 mg kg-1 sulfasalazine and a combination of KOS and sulfasalazine for 14 days. The mice were then treated with drinking water containing 2.5% DSS for 9 days, while the intervention of KOS and sulfasalazine continued. At the end of the experiment, the phenotype, pathological lesion of the colon, parameters of cytokines and gut microbiota were evaluated. The results showed that mice treated with KOS exhibited alleviated pathological lesion of the colon tissue and significantly increased expression of tight junction proteins (p < 0.05). The level of inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue of the colitis mice tended to be normal. Moreover, the analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that the structures and composition of the intestinal microorganisms were also regulated by KOS treatment. The possible internal mechanism is that KOS down-regulates the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria (Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota and Clostridiaceae) and up-regulates the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria (Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae). These findings provide new insights into dietary management for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muyuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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Huang H, Chen J, Chen Y, Xie J, Xue P, Ao T, Chang X, Hu X, Yu Q. Metabonomics combined with 16S rRNA sequencing to elucidate the hypoglycemic effect of dietary fiber from tea residues. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yang ML, Lu C, Fan ZF, Zhao TR, Cheng GG, Wang YD, Cao JX, Liu YP. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Epigynum auritum in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114986. [PMID: 35032587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epigynum auritum is mainly distributed in Southwest China, and has been used as a "dai" folk medicine with promising Besides, the leaves and barks of E. auritum have detoxifying, analgesic and relieving swelling effects. Previous studies evidenced that E. auritum was rich in pregnanes and their glycosides. However, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the extract from E. auritum (EAE) and its molecular mechanism are still not studied. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of EAE on high-fat diet and streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-fat diet and streptozocin induced type 2 diabetic model was established. The diabetic rats were treated with 70% ethanol extract of E. auritum (100 and 300 mg/kg/d) or metformin (DMBG, 100 mg/kg/d) every day for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was recorded weekly. The phenotypic changes were evaluated by the measurement of biochemical indexes and immunohistochemical. The expressions of signaling-related proteins were explored by western blotting. RESULTS EAE could effectively regulate the metabolism of glucose and lipids in diabetic rats by increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, EAE ameliorated the oxidative stress damage and further mitigated the liver, kidney, and pancreatic damage. Mechanism research results show that EAE treatment increased the phosphorylation of Akt, AMPK and GSK-3β, up-regulated the expression of GLUT-2, GLUT-4 and PPAR-α, and reduced PPAR-γ and FAS expressions. CONCLUSION EAE exhibited significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in HFD/STZ-induced diabetes rats. The mechanism may be related to the effective upregulation of AMPK/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and the decreased expression of PPAR-γ and FAS. It could be a promising natural product with potential value for the development of drugs to prevent or treat type 2 diabetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lian Yang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Teco, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Fan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Guang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Xin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Li Q, Li L, Li Q, Wang J, Nie S, Xie M. Influence of Natural Polysaccharides on Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081084. [PMID: 35454671 PMCID: PMC9029011 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in recent years. Considering the potential side effects of conventional drugs, safe and efficient treatment methods for IBD are required urgently. Natural polysaccharides (NPs) have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for IBD owing to their high efficiency, low toxicity, and wide range of biological activities. Intestinal microbiota and their fermentative products, mainly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are thought to mediate the effect of NPs in IBDs. This review explores the beneficial effects of NPs on IBD, with a special focus on the role of intestinal microbes. Intestinal microbiota exert alleviation effects via various mechanisms, such as increasing the intestinal immunity, anti-inflammatory activities, and intestinal barrier protection via microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent strategies. The aim of this paper was to document evidence of NP–intestinal microbiota-associated IBD prevention, which would be helpful for guidance in the treatment and management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
| | - Linyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
| | - Qiqiong Li
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Junqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
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The effect of Glucomannan on fasting and postprandial blood glucose in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1055-1063. [PMID: 35673426 PMCID: PMC9167156 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Glucomannan is a dietary fiber that slows the absorption of carbohydrates and suppresses appetite, thereby reducing blood glucose. This meta-analysis sought to examine the effect of glucomannan supplementation on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and Postprandial Glucose (PPG) in adults. Method We searched PubMed, and SCOPUS databases, and Google Scholar from inception to May 2020, using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of glucomannan supplementation on FBG and PPG in adults were included. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Stata. Subgroup analysis was used to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results Overall, 6 trials were included, consisting of 124 participants. We found that glucomannan supplementation significantly reduced FBG (WMD): -0.60 mmol/L, 95% CI: -1.16, -0.05; P=0.03, but not PPG (WMD: -2.07mmol/L ; 95% CI: -5.09, 0.95; P=0.18), compared with controls group. We conducted subgroup analysis based on dosage and duration of intervention and health status of the population. Findings from subgroup analysis revealed a significant effect of glucomannan supplementation on FBG in diabetic patients (WMD: -1.28 mmol/L, 95% CI: -2.54, -0.02; P=0.04). Conclusion Glucomannan supplementation can elicit significant reductions in FBG, but has no significant impact on PPG, in adults. More RCTs may find the exact effect of glucomannan on FBG and PPG. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-00993-6.
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Bardill JR, Laughter MR, Stager M, Liechty KW, Krebs MD, Zgheib C. Topical gel-based biomaterials for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:73-91. [PMID: 34728428 PMCID: PMC8738150 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a devastating ailment for many diabetic patients with increasing prevalence and morbidity. The complex pathophysiology of DFU wound environments has made finding effective treatments difficult. Standard wound care treatments have limited efficacy in healing these types of chronic wounds. Topical biomaterial gels have been developed to implement novel treatment approaches to improve therapeutic effects and are advantageous due to their ease of application, tunability, and ability to improve therapeutic release characteristics. Here, we provide an updated, comprehensive review of novel topical biomaterial gels developed for treating chronic DFUs. This review will examine preclinical data for topical gel treatments in diabetic animal models and clinical applications, focusing on gels with protein/peptides, drug, cellular, herbal/antioxidant, and nano/microparticle approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: By 2050, 1 in 3 Americans will develop diabetes, and up to 34% of diabetic patients will develop a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in their lifetime. Current treatments for DFUs include debridement, infection control, maintaining a moist wound environment, and pressure offloading. Despite these interventions, a large number of DFUs fail to heal and are associated with a cost that exceeds $31 billion annually. Topical biomaterials have been developed to help target specific impairments associated with DFU with the goal to improve healing. A summary of these approaches is needed to help better understand the current state of the research. This review summarizes recent research and advances in topical biomaterials treatments for DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bardill
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Michael Stager
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth W Liechty
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Carlos Zgheib
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Glucose sensitive konjac glucomannan/concanavalin A nanoparticles as oral insulin delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:296-308. [PMID: 35038475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared with injection, oral drug delivery is a better mode of administration because of its security, low pain and simplicity. Insulin is the first choice for clinical treatment of type 1 diabetes, but, because insulin inability to resist gastrointestinal (GI) digestion results in poor oral bioavailability of insulin. Herein, we developed a targeted oral delivery system for diabetes. ConA-INS-KGM nanoparticles were prepared, loaded with insulin, fabricated from konjac glucomannan (KGM) and concanavalin A (ConA) through a crosslinking method, as an insulin oral delivery system in response to different blood glucose levels. The size of nanoparticles was characterized by TEM, which showed that these nanoparticles were formed spherical particles with a diameter of about 500 nm. In vitro release of insulin from these nanoparticles was studied, which indicated that insulin release is reversible at different glucose concentrations. In vivo tests demonstrated that they are safe and have high biocompatibility. Using the nanoparticles to treat diabetic mice, we found that they can control blood sugar levels for 6 h, retaining their glucose-sensitive properties during this time. Therefore, these nanoparticles have significant potential as glucose-responsive systems for diabetes and show great applications in biomedical fields.
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Ariftiyana S, Nurfikasari L, Murniyati D, Prastowo A, Kurniasari Y, Hadi H, Aprilia V. Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus Reduced the Blood Glucose Levels of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases indicated by hyperglycemia. Dietary regulation represents a viable means of controlling blood glucose levels. Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber that has a low glycemic index due to its high glucomannan content. In combination with Strobilanthes crispus (SC), which is rich in antioxidants, porang flour could be a promising treatment approach for DM.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of porang flour macerated with SC on the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats.
METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats were divided into five groups on the basis of their diets: Normal/negative control (NC) group (non-diabetic, standard AIN-93 diet), positive control (PC) group (streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetic), glibenclamide (GB) group (STZ-induced diabetic, medicated with GB 100 mg/200 g body weight [BW]), porang (NP) group (modified AIN-93 diet, fiber substituted with 11% porang flour [equal to 1.1 g/200 g BW]), and SC-macerated porang (SP) group (modified AIN-93 diet, fiber substituted with 11% porang flour macerated with SC [equal to 1.1 g/200 g BW]). The rats’ food intakes, stools, and BWs were recorded throughout the study, while their blood glucose levels were measured before the induction of DM, 3 days after the induction of DM, and at the end of the study (14-day treatment period). The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance combined with Duncan’s multiple range test.
RESULTS: The rats’ feed intakes during the 14-day treatment period were almost the same, which influenced their BWs. After the induction of DM, the rats’ BWs appeared to decrease, albeit not to a statistically significant extent. This weight loss may have been better controlled in the treatment groups because the glucomannan content of the porang led to an improvement in the rats’ glucose metabolism, especially in the NP and SP groups. The rats’ stools appeared normal in consistency and moisture, and it was confirmed that there were no diarrhea incidents. The glucomannan content also decreased the blood glucose levels in the NP and SP groups. The SP group showed the best results in terms of decreased glucose levels due to the addition of SC as a source of antioxidants.
CONCLUSION: Porang exerted an antidiabetic effect that was comparable with the effect of GB (a commercial drug). In combination with SC, it provided a high level of antioxidants. Porang should be further studied to optimize its antidiabetic potency and potential for use as a functional food or nutraceutical.
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Mao YP, Song YM, Pan SW, Li N, Wang WX, Feng BB, Zhang JH. Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1068555. [PMID: 36589810 PMCID: PMC9794842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1068555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma (CRPR) has a good hypoglycemic effect. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of CRPR on high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFHSD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice as well as to investigate the involved mechanism. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was generated by combining HFHSD and STZ. After the model was established, normal and model groups received the same volume of normal saline intragastrically, and the negative control group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg·BW). The low, medium, and high CRPR groups received four consecutive weeks of oral gavage with CRPR doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg·BW, respectively, during the course of the study. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on a weekly basis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) were used to evaluate the serum and liver samples. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to observe the pathological status of the liver and pancreas. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT. RESULTS Compared to model mice, each treatment group had significantly elevated levels of FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, fasting insulin (FINS) levels were elevated in all groups of CRPR (P<0.05), and there were significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both the low-dose and high-dose CRPR groups (P<0.05). H&E staining indicated that CRPR treatment reduced organ enlargement, improved liver lipid accumulation, and repaired islet injury in T2DM mice. Moreover, WB analysis demonstrated that all CRPR groups significantly upregulated the protein expression of IRS1, p-GSK3β, PI3K, p-Akt and p-FOXO1(P<0.05) as well as significantly downregulated p-IRS1 and FOXO1 protein expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that CRPR effectively improves the metabolic disturbance of lipids, repairs damaged liver tissues, repairs damaged pancreatic tissues, and reduces insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM mice. The mechanism of action may be associated with upregulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of IRS1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-po Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-ming Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng-wang Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin-bin Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
| | - Jian-hai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
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LUO W, Liu F, QI X, DONG G. Research progress of konjac dietary fibre in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu LUO
- Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, China; Qingdao Chengyang District Yuhe Tang Chinese Medicine clinic, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Qingdao Chengyang District Yuhe Tang Chinese Medicine clinic, China
| | - Xin QI
- Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
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Feng X, Zhang Q, Li J, Bie N, Li C, Lian R, Qin L, Feng Y, Wang C. The impact of a novel Chinese yam-derived polysaccharide on blood glucose control in HFD and STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:2681-2692. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese yam, as a kind of traditional “medicine and food homologous food” in Asia, could assistance to digestion, nourish the lungs and relieve cough. Some research also suggested that Chinese...
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Low molecular weight fucoidan fraction LF2 improves metabolic syndrome via up-regulating PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis and increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:789-798. [PMID: 34743939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition of a variety of metabolic abnormalities, which requires more urgent treatment and intervention. Fucoidan has been recommended as a supplement for health enhancement and disease management. Here, we first propose that the beneficial effect of low molecular weight fucoidan fraction LF2 in regulating metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet is similar to that of metformin, in terms of molecular mechanism and gut microbiota. The study found that LF2 significantly reduces fasting blood glucose, enhances insulin sensitivity and restores insulin homeostasis and lipid homeostasis. Moreover, LF2 reduced liver oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved hepatocyte steatosis. To decipher the mechanism behind this therapeutic effect, both the molecular mechanisms and gut microbiota were further analyzed. LF2 inhibited the activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and PPARγ in liver. Interestingly, we found that LF2 and metformin have similar effects on gut microbiota, increasing the proportion of Verrucomicrobia and enriching the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, which is beneficial to host health. Collectively, our research clarifies the new application of fucoidan as a functional food for anti-MetS, and provides a new insight for fucoidan to exert systemic therapeutic effects from the perspective of molecular mechanism and gut microbiota.
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Effects of konjac glucomannan with different molecular weights on gut microflora with antibiotic perturbance in in vitro fecal fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118546. [PMID: 34560958 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) of different molecular weight on fecal microflora against antibiotic disturbance. KGM (~1.8 × 107 Da) was partially hydrolysed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 10 and 60 min to KGM1 (~2.1 × 104 Da) and KGM2 (7413 Da), respectively. The acid treatment caused significant reduction of intrinsic viscosity, average molecular weight (MW) and particle size of KGM, but brought limited change to the molecular structure. Low-MW KGM2 showed the most significant effect on fecal microflora in the presence of two common antibiotics (ampicillin and clindamycin), by increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae while decreasing the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, both the native and acid-treated KGM counteracted the adverse influence of antibiotics on the production of short chain fatty acids. The results have demonstrated the effect of KGM on gut microbiota with antibiotic disturbance.
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Weng G, Duan Y, Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng J, Zhang S, Yin Y, Deng J. Plant Extracts in Obesity: A Role of Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:727951. [PMID: 34631766 PMCID: PMC8495072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.727951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the most serious chronic diseases threatening human health. Its occurrence and development are closely associated with gut microbiota since the disorders of gut microbiota can promote endotoxin production and induce inflammatory response. Recently, numerous plant extracts have been proven to mitigate lipid dysmetabolism and obesity syndrome by regulating the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of different plant extracts including mulberry leaf extract, policosanol, cortex moutan, green tea, honokiol, and capsaicin in regulating obesity via gut microbiota. Based on the current findings, plant extracts may be promising agents for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, and the mechanisms might be associated with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Ning Y, Yuan C, Cui B, Liu G, Zhang Z. The protective mechanism of a debranched corn starch/konjac glucomannan composite against dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet induced type 2 diabetes. Food Funct 2021; 12:9273-9285. [PMID: 34606538 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the protection mechanism of a debranched corn starch/konjac glucomannan (DCSK) composite against type 2 diabetes (T2D) related to dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that the consumption of DCSK led to a significant improvement in the biochemical parameters and physiological indices associated with T2D in the HFD group, including the decrease in blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as the suppression of the oxidative stress of the liver and kidneys. Furthermore, the health of the intestinal microbiota in the HFD-fed mice was altered dramatically after DCSK consumption. Metabolomics revealed 13 differential metabolites strongly linked to DCSK intervention, and DCSK supplementation regulated amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism. These findings demonstrated that DCSK has an outstanding ability to improve hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and gut microbiota associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Grain and Oil, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuejia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guimei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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42
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Deng Z, Wu N, Wang J, Zhang Q. Dietary fibers extracted from Saccharina japonica can improve metabolic syndrome and ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by high fat diet. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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43
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A’yun RQ, Hasanah U, Hadi H, Mustofa M, Nurinda E, Kurniasari Y, Aprilia V. Acute Toxicity Study of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus in Wistar Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber food that high in bioactive compound glucomannan. It uses are limited due to oxalate acid content which poses health risks. Strobilanthes crispus leaves could reduce the level of calcium oxalate in porang. However, there is still no study to prove its safety.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity study of porang (A. oncophyllus) macerated with S. crispus based on observation of mortality rate (LD50), the changes in behavior during 72 h, renal and hepatic function such as urinary protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)
METHODS: An acute toxicity test was conducted based on the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure Guideline that consists of preliminary and main studies. For the preliminary study, rats were divided into control and five treatment groups with the dosage of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for each natural porang flour (NPF) and S. crispus-macerated porang flour (SPF). For the main study, rats were divided into four groups, those were NPF and SPF with the dosage of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW. Levels of urinary protein and blood serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 after treatment.
RESULTS: The acute toxicity study showed that porang and porang macerated with S. crispus were not toxic until the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg BW. It was proved by the absence of LD50, no change in behavior, no weight losses, and also the results of biochemical tests, such as urinary protein, SGOT, and SGPT which were still in the normal range.
CONCLUSIONS: Porang flour and SPF were concluded as non-toxic food based on acute toxicity study.
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Li M, Huang X, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Luo K. Structure of
Cardamine hupingshanensis
No. 2 Polysaccharide (CHP‐2) and Its Effect on Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetic Rats. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meidong Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
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Zhang Z, Liang X, Tong L, Lv Y, Yi H, Gong P, Tian X, Cui Q, Liu T, Zhang L. Effect of Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat extract on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism via PI3K/Akt and AMPK/ACC pathways in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113963. [PMID: 33640441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat is a mushroom belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is popularly called the Chaga mushroom in Russian folk medicine and has been used as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus in Eastern European and Asian countries. However, its effects on glycolipid metabolism disorders and underlying molecular mechanism of action remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY I. obliquus contains abundant functional components, which provide potential medicinal value. The purpose of this study was to investigate compositions of I. obliquus extract with a high-pressure water extraction method, and investigate the anti-type 2 diabetic effects of I. obliquus extract and the possible underlying mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The I. obliquus was extracted by a high-pressure water extraction method, and tested its main components by special assay kit and instrumental analysis. Type 2 diabetic C57BL/6 mice were induced by high-fat diet with low-dose STZ injection, and were daily gavaged with different doses of I. obliquus extract for 8 weeks. Glycemic, blood lipid profile, and histopathology of liver and pancreas were assessed. Underlying mechanisms related to glycemic control in liver were further performed. RESULTS The I. obliquus extract main compounds were β-Glucans, triterpenoids and polyphenol by determination. Oral administration of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg I. obliquus extract significantly alleviated blood glucose and insulin resistance. Moreover, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of I. obliquus extract increased liver glycogen content and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels while decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), p-protein kinase B (Akt), p-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were upregulated, whereas sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were downregulated after supplement with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of I. obliquus extract. Interestingly, I. obliquus extract was a dose-effect relationship within a certain range. 250 mg/kg had obvious anti-diabetes effect, and the effect of 500 mg/kg dose was the same as that of metformin. CONCLUSION I. obliquus extract ameliorated insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders in diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of I. obliquus extract were supposedly exerted via the regulation of the PI3K/Akt and AMPK/ACC signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Youyou Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qingyu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Luo D, Mu T, Sun H. Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf polyphenols ameliorate hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4117-4131. [PMID: 33977940 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02733b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The hypoglycemic effects and potential mechanism of sweet potato leaf polyphenols (SPLP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were investigated. Results showed that oral administration of SPLP to mice could alleviate body weight loss, decrease fasting blood glucose levels (by 64.78%) and improve oral glucose tolerance compared with those of untreated diabetic mice. Furthermore, increased fasting serum insulin levels (by 100.11%), ameliorated insulin resistance and improved hepatic glycogen (by 126.78%) and muscle glycogen (increased by 135.85%) were observed in the SPLP treatment group. SPLP also could reverse dyslipidemia, as indicated by decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and promoted high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Histopathological analysis revealed that SPLP could relieve liver inflammation and maintain the islet structure to inhibit β-cell apoptosis. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that SPLP could up-regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling pathway to improve glucose metabolism and up-regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glucose transporter 4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle to enhance glucose transport. This study provides useful information to support the application of SPLP as a natural product for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
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Bardajee GR, Sharifi M, Torkamani H, Vancaeyzeele C. Synthesis of magnetic multi walled carbon nanotubes hydrogel nanocomposite based on poly (acrylic acid) grafted onto salep and its application in the drug delivery of tetracyceline hydrochloride. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Qin G, Xu W, Liu J, Zhao L, Chen G. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activity of glycoproteins obtained from pea (Pisum sativum L.). FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Pan L, Zhou Z, Han Y. Exopolysaccharide from Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides XG5 delay the onset of autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites SCFAs in NOD mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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50
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Luo Z, Fu C, Li T, Gao Q, Miao D, Xu J, Zhao Y. Hypoglycemic Effects of Licochalcone A on the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice and Its Mechanism Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2444-2456. [PMID: 33605141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a type of metabolic illness based on relatively insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR) as pathophysiological bases. Currently, it is the main type of diabetes. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of licochalcone A (LicA) on high-fat diet and streptozocin-caused T2DM were studied. LicA can remarkably decline the IR index and blood glucose and serum lipid levels. Also, the treatment of LicA can improve the "three more and one less" phenomenon in T2DM mice, such as excessive drinking, eating, urine, and weight loss. In addition, LicA can improve oral glucose tolerance, pancreatic injury, and liver enlargement in T2DM mice. Network pharmacology analysis demonstrated that the observed pharmacological effects were mediated by regulating the insulin signal transduction pathway. Therefore, the PI3K/Akt-signaling pathway was selected for verification; it was demonstrated that LicA could improve the insulin-signaling pathway, protect islet cells, improve IR, reduce blood glucose levels, and alleviate lipid metabolism disorder. Its mechanism of influence may be closely related to LicA up-regulating the liver and pancreas IRS-2/PI3K/AKT-signaling pathway. Among them, the high-dose group of LicA had the best effect, which provided an idea for the use of LicA as a nutritional agent in the cure of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Luo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chaofan Fu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongyu Miao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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