1
|
Li X, Zheng M, Gan Q, Long J, Fan H, Wang X, Guan Z. The formation and evolution of flower coloration in Brassica crops. Front Genet 2024; 15:1396875. [PMID: 38881796 PMCID: PMC11177764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1396875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The flower coloration of Brassica crops possesses significant application and economic value, making it a research hotspot in the field of genetics and breeding. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research on color variation and creation of Brassica crops. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutional processes of flower colors are poorly understood. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of flower color formation in plants, emphasizing the molecular basis and regulation mechanism of flavonoids and carotenoids. By summarizing the recent advances on the genetic mechanism of flower color formation and regulation in Brassica crops, it is clearly found that carotenoids and anthocyanins are major pigments for flower color diversity of Brassica crops. Meantime, we also explore the relationship between the emergence of white flowers and the genetic evolution of Brassica chromosomes, and analyze the innovation and multiple utilization of Brassica crops with colorful flowers. This review aims to provide theoretical support for genetic improvements in flower color, enhancing the economic value and aesthetic appeal of Brassica crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingmin Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingqin Gan
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhilin Guan
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhuang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Sun Y, Sharma S, Tang S, Dhankher OP, Yuan H. Effects of sulfur nanoparticles on rhizosphere microbial community changes in oilseed rape plantation soil under mercury stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1545-1555. [PMID: 38597454 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2335207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, experiments were conducted to assess the influence of nanoscale sulfur in the microbial community structure of metallophytes in Hg-contaminated rhizosphere soil for planting rapeseed. The results showed that the richness and diversity of the rhizobacteria community decreased significantly under Hg stress, but increased slightly after SNPs addition, with a reduction in the loss of Hg-sensitive microorganisms. Moreover, all changes in the relative abundances of the top ten phyla influenced by Hg treatment were reverted when subjected to Hg + SNPs treatment, except for Myxococcota and Bacteroidota. Similarly, the top five genera, whose relative abundance decreased the most under Hg alone compared to CK, increased by 19.05%-54.66% under Hg + SNPs treatment compared with Hg alone. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, as one of the dominant genera for both CK and Hg + SNPs treatment, was actively correlated with plant growth. Rhizobacteria, like Pedobacter and Massilia, were significantly decreased under Hg + SNPs and were positively linked to Hg accumulation in plants. This study suggested that SNPs could create a healthier soil microecological environment by reversing the effect of Hg on the relative abundance of microorganisms, thereby assisting microorganisms to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil and reduce the stress of heavy metals on plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhuang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Sudhir Sharma
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of MA Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shijie Tang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of MA Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ni M, Chen J, Fu M, Li H, Bu S, Hao X, Gu W. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-Based Analysis of Various Edible Rosa Fruits Concerning Secondary Metabolites and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities. Foods 2024; 13:796. [PMID: 38472910 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Rosa is globally popular with well-established applications since it has a high edible and medicinal value. However, relatively limited research has been conducted on the composition and quality of wild Rosa fruits. The present study aimed to compare the properties and chemical components of five wild edible Rosa fruits, Rosa roxburghii, Rosa sterilis, Rosa laevigata, Rosa davurica, and Rosa sericea. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS approach identified the key metabolites among the five Rosa fruits as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids. The main differential metabolites among the five fruits are flavonoids (22.29-45.13%), phenolic acids (17-22.27%), and terpenoids (7.7-24%), respectively. In total, 125 compounds served as potential markers for the five Rosa species. Differential metabolic pathways of five Rosa fruits were analyzed using the KEGG approach. Rosa laevigata fruits showed the highest total polysaccharide (TPS) content of 64.48 g/100 g. All the five Rosa extracts effectively decreased the levels of malondialdehyde while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the H2O2-induced HaCaT cell model, demonstrating high potential for antioxidant development. Our findings suggest that the five studied Rosa fruits exhibit biological activity and edible value worth further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Junlei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Mao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Huanyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Shengqian Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang L, Lin B, Hao P, Yi K, Li X, Hua S. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals That Anthocyanin Degradation and Phytohormone Changes Regulate Red Color Fading in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) Petals. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2577. [PMID: 38473825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Flower color is an important trait for the ornamental value of colored rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), as the plant is becoming more popular. However, the color fading of red petals of rapeseed is a problem for its utilization. Unfortunately, the mechanism for the process of color fading in rapeseed is unknown. In the current study, a red flower line, Zhehuhong, was used as plant material to analyze the alterations in its morphological and physiological characteristics, including pigment and phytohormone content, 2 d before flowering (T1), at flowering (T2), and 2 d after flowering (T3). Further, metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were also performed to reveal the molecular regulation of petal fading. The results show that epidermal cells changed from spherical and tightly arranged to totally collapsed from T1 to T3, according to both paraffin section and scanning electron microscope observation. The pH value and all pigment content except flavonoids decreased significantly during petal fading. The anthocyanin content was reduced by 60.3% at T3 compared to T1. The content of three phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, melatonin, and salicylic acid, increased significantly by 2.2, 1.1, and 30.3 times, respectively, from T1 to T3. However, auxin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid content decreased from T1 to T3. The result of metabolomics analysis shows that the content of six detected anthocyanin components (cyanidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin) and their derivatives mainly exhibited a decreasing trend, which was in accordance with the trend of decreasing anthocyanin. Transcriptomics analysis showed downregulation of genes involved in flavonol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis were preferentially expressed at early stages, indicating that the degradation of anthocyanin is the main issue during color fading. The corresponding gene-encoding phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, JASMONATE-ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN, was deactivated to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis, resulting in fading petal color. The results clearly suggest that anthocyanin degradation and phytohormone regulation play essential roles in petal color fading in rapeseed, which is a useful insight for the breeding of colored rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Kaige Yi
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao C, Li M, Yang Y, Qin M, Wang R, Zhu Q, Chen G, Wang A. A new flavonoid glycoside from Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3478-3483. [PMID: 35687836 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2086546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley, also called 'Qishu', is a shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family and producing lacquer. In this work, a new flavonoid glycoside (1), was isolated from the heartwood of T. vernicifluum, together with four known compounds (2-5). The structure of the new compound was determined as 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-flavonoid (1), on the basis of acidic hydrolysis, and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 showed significantly cytotoxic against A549 cell lines with the values of IC50 at 1.5 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Meichen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Minni Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ruojia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kanawati B, Bertic M, Moritz F, Habermann F, Zimmer I, Mackey D, Schmitt‐Kopplin P, Schnitzler J, Durner J, Gaupels F. Blue-green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e531. [PMID: 37705693 PMCID: PMC10496137 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue-green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid-deficient mutant fah1 developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but not fah1 plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5-hydroxyferulic acid, and 5-hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1-dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but not fah1 plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5-hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem Kanawati
- Analytical BioGeoChemistryHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Marko Bertic
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Franco Moritz
- Analytical BioGeoChemistryHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Felix Habermann
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary SciencesLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Ina Zimmer
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - David Mackey
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science and Department of Molecular GeneticsOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng H, Zheng T, Li Y, Chen Q, Xue Y, Tang Q, Xu H, Chen M. Characterization Variation of the Differential Coloring Substances in Rapeseed Petals with Different Colors Using UPLC-HESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:5670. [PMID: 37570640 PMCID: PMC10419860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed's (Brassica napus L.) colorful petals have important ornamental values. However, the mechanisms of regulating petals coloration in rapeseed are still unknown. In our study, we investigated the key differential coloring substances in nine rapeseed cultivars with different petal colors, and 543 metabolites were detected and characterized through UPLC-HESI-MS/MS. Among them, the kinds and contents of flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanidins were the main contributors to petals' coloration. Tamarixetin-, quercetin-, butin-, naringenin- and luteolin-derivates were the main pigment bases in white and yellow petals. Peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, peonidin-3-O-(6″-O-caffeoyl)glucoside, and quercetin-derivatives were the main coloring substances in pink petals. Acylated cyanidin derivatives might lead to a series of different purple petal colors. Glycosylated anthocyanins were responsible for the coloration of rapeseed red petals, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-derivatives were mainly detected from the red petals. These results provide comprehensive insights into the difference in flavonoid metabolites in rapeseed petals with different colors and supply theoretical supports for the breeding of novel colorful rapeseed cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zeng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Tao Zheng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Ying Li
- Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Hao Xu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qian X, Zheng W, Hu J, Ma J, Sun M, Li Y, Liu N, Chen T, Wang M, Wang L, Hou X, Cai Q, Ye Z, Zhang F, Zhu Z. Identification and Expression Analysis of DFR Gene Family in Brassica napus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2583. [PMID: 37447144 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and is essential for the formation of plants' color. In this study, 26 BnDFR genes were identified using 6 Arabidopsis DFR genes as reference. The physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, and conserved structure of BnDFR proteins were analyzed; the evolutionary relationship, collinearity analysis, and expression characteristics of BnDFR genes were studied; and the correlation between the expression level of BnDFR genes and anthocyanin content in rape petals were analyzed. The results showed that the 26 BnDFRs were located in chloroplasts, cytoplasm, nuclei, and mitochondria, distributed on 17 chromosomes, and divided into 4 groups; members of the same group have a similar function, which may be related to the environmental response elements and plant hormone response elements. Intraspecific collinearity analysis showed 51 pairs of collinear genes, and interspecific collinearity analysis showed 30 pairs of collinear genes. Analysis of the expression levels of BnDFRs and anthocyanin content in different color rape petals showed that BnDFR6 and BnDFR26 might play an important role in the synthesis of anthocyanins in rape petals. This provides theoretical guidance for further analysis of the anthocyanin anabolism mechanism involved in the DFR gene in Brassica napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Qian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenyin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinxu Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianhua Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinzhe Hou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingao Cai
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaoshun Ye
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zonghe Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Okhlopkova ZM, Razgonova MP, Rozhina ZG, Egorova PS, Golokhvast KS. Dracocephalum jacutense Peschkova from Yakutia: Extraction and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of 128 Chemical Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114402. [PMID: 37298879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dracocephalum jacutense Peschkova is a rare and endangered species of the genus Dracocephalum of the Lamiaceae family. The species was first described in 1997 and listed in the Red Data Book of Yakutia. Significant differences in the multicomponent composition of extracts from D. jacutense collected in the natural environment and successfully introduced in the Botanical Garden of Yakutsk were identified by a team of authors earlier in a large study. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of the leaves, stem, and inflorescences of D. jacutense using the tandem mass spectrometry method. Only three cenopopulations of D. jacutense were found by us in the territory of the early habitat-in the vicinity of the village of Sangar, Kobyaysky district of Yakutia. The aboveground phytomass of the plant was collected, processed and dried as separate parts of the plant: inflorescences, stem and leaves. Firstly, a total of 128 compounds, 70% of which are polyphenols, were tentatively identified in extracts of D. jacutense. These polyphenol compounds were classified as 32 flavones, 12 flavonols, 6 flavan-3-ols, 7 flavanones, 17 phenolic acids, 2 lignans, 1 dihydrochalcone, 4 coumarins, and 8 anthocyanidins. Other chemical groups were presented as carotenoids, omega-3-fatty acids, omega-5-fatty acids, amino acids, purines, alkaloids, and sterols. The inflorescences are the richest in polyphenols (73 polyphenolic compounds were identified), while 33 and 22 polyphenols were found in the leaves and stems, respectively. A high level of identity for polyphenolic compounds in different parts of the plant is noted for flavanones (80%), followed by flavonols (25%), phenolic acids (15%), and flavones (13%). Furthermore, 78 compounds were identified for the first time in representatives of the genus Dracocephalum, including 50 polyphenolic compounds and 28 compounds of other chemical groups. The obtained results testify to the unique composition of polyphenolic compounds in different parts of D. jacutense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna M Okhlopkova
- Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Belinsky Str. 58, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Mayya P Razgonova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food System, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Zoya G Rozhina
- Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Belinsky Str. 58, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Polina S Egorova
- Yakutsk Botanical Garden, Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone Siberian Branch of Russian Academy Sciences, Lenina pr. 41, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food System, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Centralnaya 2b, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pavlopoulos DT, Myrtsi ED, Tryfinopoulou P, Iliopoulos V, Koulocheri SD, Haroutounian SA. Phytoestrogens as Biomarkers of Plant Raw Materials Used for Fish Feed Production. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083623. [PMID: 37110857 PMCID: PMC10144496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensive use of plant materials as a sustainable alternative for fish feed production, combined with their phytochemical content, which affects the growth and production characteristics of farmed fishes, necessitates their monitoring for the presence of raw materials of plant origin. This study reported herein concerns the development, validation and application of a workflow using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the quantification of 67 natural phytoestrogens in plant-derived raw materials that were used to produce fish feeds. Specifically, we verified the presence of 8 phytoestrogens in rapeseed meal samples, 20 in soybean meal samples, 12 in sunflower meal samples and only 1 in wheat meal samples in quantities enabling their efficient incorporation into clusters. Among the various constituents, the soybean phytoestrogens daidzein, genistein, daidzin, glycitin, apigenin, calycosin and coumestrol, as well as the sunflower neochlorogenic, caffeic and chlorogenic phenolic acids, displayed the highest correlations with their origin descriptions. A hierarchical cluster analysis of the studied samples, based on their phytoestrogen contents, led to the efficient clustering of raw materials. The accuracy and efficiency of this clustering were tested through the incorporation of additional samples of soybean meal, wheat meal and maize meal, which verified the utilization of the phytoestrogen content as a valuable biomarker for the discrimination of raw materials used for fish feed production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios T Pavlopoulos
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni D Myrtsi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalitsa Tryfinopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia D Koulocheri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Serkos A Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su B, Tian J, Wang K, Yang W, Ning J, Liang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Zheng G. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Chemical Components of Peels from Different Pomelo Cultivars ( Citrus grandis [L.] Osbeck) Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detection. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6253-6267. [PMID: 36844509 PMCID: PMC9948162 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The volatile and nonvolatile phytochemicals in peels of 5 major pomelo cultivars (including Citrus grandis cv. Yuhuanyou, C. grandis cv. Liangpingyou, C. grandis cv. Guanximiyou, C. grandis cv. Duweiwendanyou, and C. grandis cv. Shatianyou) from 11 places in China were characterized. First, 194 volatile compounds in pomelo peels were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Of these, 20 major volatile compounds were subjected to cluster analysis. The heatmap indicated that the volatile compounds in peels of C. grandis cv. Shatianyou and C. grandis cv. Liangpingyou were different from those in other varieties, while there was no difference among C. grandis cv. Guanximiyou, C. grandis cv. Yuhuanyou, and C. grandis cv. Duweiwendanyou from different origins. Second, 53 nonvolatile compounds were identified in pomelo peels by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive orbitrap tandem MS (UPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap-MS), of which 11 components were detected for the first time. Third, six major nonvolatile compounds were quantitatively analyzed with high-performance LC-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). Combining the results of HPLC-PDA and the heatmap, 6 nonvolatile compounds in 12 batches of pomelo peel were well separated among varieties. Comprehensive analysis and identification of chemical components in pomelo peels are of great significance for their further development and utilization.
Collapse
|
12
|
Color, Antioxidant Capacity and Flavonoid Composition in Hibiscus rosa- sinensis Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041779. [PMID: 36838766 PMCID: PMC9960340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants are mainly cultivated as ornamental plants, but they also have food and medicinal uses. In this work, 16 H. rosa-sinensis cultivars were studied to measure their colorimetric parameters and the chemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts obtained from their petals. These extracts were characterized using UHPLC-ESI+-Obitrap-MS, and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ORAC assay. The identified flavonoids included anthocyanins derived from cyanidin, glycosylated flavonols derived from quercetin and kaempferol, and flavan-3-ols such as catechin and epicatechin. Cyanidin-sophoroside was the anthocyanin present in extracts of lilac, pink, orange, and red flowers, but was not detected in extracts of white or yellow flowers. The total flavonol concentration in the flower extracts was inversely proportional to the total anthocyanin content. The flavonol concentration varied according to the cultivar in the following order: red < pink < orange < yellow ≈ white, with the extract from the red flower presenting the lowest flavonol concentration and the highest anthocyanin concentration. The antioxidant activity increased in proportion to the anthocyanin concentration, from 1580 µmol Trolox®/g sample (white cultivar) to 3840 µmol Trolox®/g sample (red cultivar).
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang Y, Zhang G, Jiang X, Shen S, Guan M, Tang Y, Sun F, Hu R, Chen S, Zhao H, Li J, Lu K, Yin N, Qu C. Genome-Wide Association Study of Glucosinolate Metabolites (mGWAS) in Brassica napus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030639. [PMID: 36771722 PMCID: PMC9921834 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites that are enriched in rapeseed and related Brassica species, and they play important roles in defense due to their anti-nutritive and toxic properties. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study of six glucosinolate metabolites (mGWAS) in rapeseed, including three aliphatic glucosinolates (m145 gluconapin, m150 glucobrassicanapin and m151 progoitrin), one aromatic glucosinolate (m157 gluconasturtiin) and two indole glucosinolates (m165 indolylmethyl glucosinolate and m172 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin), respectively. We identified 113 candidate intervals significantly associated with these six glucosinolate metabolites. In the genomic regions linked to the mGWAS peaks, 187 candidate genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis (e.g., BnaMAM1, BnaGGP1, BnaSUR1 and BnaMYB51) and novel genes (e.g., BnaMYB44, BnaERF025, BnaE2FC, BnaNAC102 and BnaDREB1D) were predicted based on the mGWAS, combined with analysis of differentially expressed genes. Our results provide insight into the genetic basis of glucosinolate biosynthesis in rapeseed and should facilitate marker-based breeding for improved seed quality in Brassica species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shulin Shen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingwei Guan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fujun Sun
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Si Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen YY, Lu HQ, Jiang KX, Wang YR, Wang YP, Jiang JJ. The Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Brassica napus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010357. [PMID: 36613800 PMCID: PMC9820570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important crop for edible oil, vegetables, biofuel, and animal food. It is also an ornamental crop for its various petal colors. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activities and medicinal values, and are important to plant pigmentation, disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. The yellow seed coat, purple leaf and inflorescence, and colorful petals of B. napus have been bred for improved nutritional value, tourism and city ornamentation. The putative loci and genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in B. napus have been identified using germplasms with various seed, petal, leaf, and stem colors, or different flavonoid contents under stress conditions. This review introduces the advances of flavonoid profiling, biosynthesis, and regulation during development and stress responses of B. napus, and hopes to help with the breeding of B. napus with better quality, ornamental value, and stress resistances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Jin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Razgonova MP, Zinchenko YN, Kozak DK, Kuznetsova VA, Zakharenko AM, Ercisli S, Golokhvast KS. Autofluorescence-Based Investigation of Spatial Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Soybeans Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238228. [PMID: 36500322 PMCID: PMC9735898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we present a detailed comparative analysis of the bioactive substances of soybean varieties k-11538 (Russia), k-11559 (Russia), k-569 (China), k-5367 (China), k-5373 (China), k-5586 (Sweden), and Primorskaya-86 (Russia) using an LSM 800 confocal laser microscope and an amaZon ion trap SL mass spectrometer. Laser microscopy made it possible to clarify in detail the spatial arrangement of the polyphenolic content of soybeans. Our results revealed that the phenolics of soybean are spatially located mainly in the seed coat and the outer layer of the cotyledon. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used in combination with an amaZon SL BRUKER DALTONIKS ion trap (tandem mass spectrometry) to identify target analytes in soybean extracts. The results of initial studies revealed the presence of 63 compounds, and 45 of the target analytes were identified as polyphenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayya P. Razgonova
- Far Eastern Experimental Station, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- SEC Nanotechnology, Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia N. Zinchenko
- Far Eastern Experimental Station, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- SEC Nanotechnology, Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Darya K. Kozak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University, 675000 Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Kuznetsova
- Far Eastern Experimental Station, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University, 675000 Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Zakharenko
- Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology, Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Experimental Station, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- SEC Nanotechnology, Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology, Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ye S, Hua S, Ma T, Ma X, Chen Y, Wu L, Zhao L, Yi B, Ma C, Tu J, Shen J, Fu T, Wen J. Genetic and multi-omics analyses reveal BnaA07.PAP2In-184-317 as the key gene conferring anthocyanin-based color in Brassica napus flowers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6630-6645. [PMID: 35857343 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin-based flower coloration remain unknown in Brassica napus. To identify the key genes and metabolites associated with apricot and pink flower colors, metabolome, BSA-seq, and RNA-seq analyses were conducted on apricot-, pink-, yellow-, and white-flowered F2B. napus. Yellow carotenoids and red anthocyanins were abundant in apricot petals, while colorless carotenoids and red anthocyanins accumulated in pink petals. Most carotenoid genes were not differentially regulated between apricot and yellow or between pink and white petals. Three regulator genes, BnaMYBL2, BnaA07.PAP2, and BnaTT8, and structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis were dramatically enhanced in apricot and pink petals in comparison with yellow and white petals. Map-based cloning revealed that BnaA07.PAP2 is responsible for anthocyanin-based flower color and encodes a nucleus-localized protein predominantly expressed in apricot and pink flowers. Two insertions in the promoter region are responsible for the transcriptional activation of BnaA07.PAP2 in flowers. Introducing the BnaA07.PAP2In-184-317 allele broadly activated the expression of anthocyanin-related genes and promoted anthocyanin accumulation in flowers, yielding color change from yellow to apricot. These findings illustrate the genetic basis of anthocyanin-based flower coloration and provide a valuable genetic resource for breeding varieties with novel flower colors in B. napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenhua Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lumei Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Razgonova MP, Burlyaeva MO, Zinchenko YN, Krylova EA, Chunikhina OA, Ivanova NM, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS. Identification and Spatial Distribution of Bioactive Compounds in Seeds Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. by Laser Microscopy and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162147. [PMID: 36015450 PMCID: PMC9412441 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The research presents a comparative metabolomic study of extracts of Vigna unguiculata seed samples from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Analyzed samples related to different areas of use in agricultural production, belonging to different cultivar groups sesquipedalis (vegetable accessions) and unguiculata (grain accessions). Metabolome analysis was performed by liquid chromatography combined with ion trap mass spectrometry. Substances were localized in seeds using confocal and laser microscopy. As a result, 49 bioactive compounds were identified: flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidin, phenolic acids, amino acids, monocarboxylic acids, aminobenzoic acids, fatty acids, lignans, carotenoid, sapogenins, steroids, etc. Steroidal alkaloids were identified in V. unguiculata seeds for the first time. The seed coat (palisade epidermis and parenchyma) is the richest in phenolic compounds. Comparison of seeds of varieties of different directions of use in terms of the number of bioactive substances identified revealed a significant superiority of vegetable accessions over grain ones in this indicator, 36 compounds were found in samples from cultivar group sesquipedalis, and 24 in unguiculata. The greatest variety of bioactive compounds was found in the vegetable accession k-640 from China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayya P. Razgonova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.P.R.); (K.S.G.)
| | - Marina O. Burlyaeva
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia N. Zinchenko
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Krylova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga A. Chunikhina
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia M. Ivanova
- Department of Botany, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Zakharenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology RAS, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology RAS, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.P.R.); (K.S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cao H, Li H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Lu L, Li S, Tao X, Zhu W, Wang J, Ma L. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of leaf coloration in Cymbidium ensifolium. Front Genet 2022; 13:923082. [PMID: 36035180 PMCID: PMC9413228 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.923082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbidiumensifolium L. is a significant ornamental plant in Orchidaceae. Aside from its attractive flowers, its leaf coloration is also an important ornamental trait. However, there is an apparent lack of studies concerning the intricate mechanism of leaf coloration in C. ensifolium. In this study, we report a systematic evaluation of leaf coloration utilizing transcriptome and metabolome profiles of purple, yellow, and green leaves. In total, 40 anthocyanins and 67 flavonoids were quantified along with chlorophyll content. The tissue–transcriptome profile identified 26,499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The highest chlorophyll contents were identified in green leaves, followed by yellow and purple leaves. We identified key anthocyanins and flavonoids associated with leaf coloration, including cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and quercetin, diosmetin, sinensetin, and naringenin chalcone. Moreover, genes encoding UDP-glucoronosyl, UDP-glucosyl transferase, chalcone synthesis, flavodoxin, cytochrome P450, and AMP-binding enzyme were identified as key structural genes affecting leaf coloration in C. ensifolium. In summary, copigmentation resulting from several key metabolites modulated by structural genes was identified as governing leaf coloration in C. ensifolium. Further functional verification of the identified DEGs and co-accumulation of metabolites can provide a tool to modify leaf color and improve the aesthetic value of C. ensifolium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cao
- Flower Research Institute Yunnan Agriculture Academy Science, Kunming, China
| | - Han Li
- Flower Research Institute Yunnan Agriculture Academy Science, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Experimental Center, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University College of Horticulture and Landscape, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Flower Research Institute Yunnan Agriculture Academy Science, Kunming, China
| | - Shenchong Li
- Flower Research Institute Yunnan Agriculture Academy Science, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Yunnan Agriculture Academy Science, Kunming, China
| | - WeiYin Zhu
- Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Experimental Center, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Yunnan Agriculture Academy Science, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lulin Ma, ; Jihua Wang,
| | - Lulin Ma
- Flower Research Institute Yunnan Agriculture Academy Science, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lulin Ma, ; Jihua Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zostera marina L.: Supercritical CO2-Extraction and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Chemical Constituents Recovered from Seagrass. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three types of Zostera marina L. collection were extracted using the supercritical CO2-extraction method. For the purposes of supercritical CO2-extraction, old seagrass ejection on the surf edge, fresh seagrass ejection on the surf edge and seagrass collected in water were used. Several experimental conditions were investigated in the pressure range 50–350 bar, with the used volume of co-solvent ethanol in the amount of 1% in the liquid phase at a temperature in the range of 31–70 °C. The most effective extraction conditions are: pressure 250 Bar and temperature 60 °C for Z. marina collected in sea water. Z. marina contain various phenolic compounds and sulfated polyphenols with valuable biological activity. Tandem mass-spectrometry (HPLC-ESI–ion trap) was applied to detect target analytes. 77 different biologically active components have been identified in Z. marina supercritical CO2-extracts. 38 polyphenols were identified for the first time in Z. marina.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hao P, Liu H, Lin B, Ren Y, Huang L, Jiang L, Hua S. BnaA03.ANS Identified by Metabolomics and RNA-seq Partly Played Irreplaceable Role in Pigmentation of Red Rapeseed ( Brassica napus) Petal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:940765. [PMID: 35909732 PMCID: PMC9330612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.940765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Colorful flowers of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) have been a hotspot for researchers, but the underlying mechanisms of pigment formation still need to be clarified. In this study, two stages of unopened rapeseed petals with red, white, and yellow colors were selected to identify the metabolites and genes involved in red pigment formation. Metabolomic analysis showed that flavonoids enriched the most co-differentially accumulated metabolites among all categories, and showed higher accumulation in red petal rapeseed than in white and yellow petal ones. RNA-seq analysis showed that among co-differentially expressed genes involved in red pigment formation, genes involved in anthocyanin (belonging to flavonoids) biosynthesis pathway were largely regulated by ANS, DFR, and UF3GT. The expression of those genes was higher in red petals of rapeseed than in white and yellow petals ones as well. Results of RNA interference of BnaA03.ANS in red rapeseed altered petal colors from raspberry red to beige red and zinc yellow under different interference levels, with the contents of pelargonidin, cyanidin, lutein, neoxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene significantly decreased. However, overexpression of BnaA03.ANS in yellow rapeseed petals did not change the color of yellow petals. This study confirmed the important function of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins on red pigment formation, and for the first time, identified the irreplaceable role of BnaA03.ANS on red-flowered rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Yongding Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center/Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Duan L, Xiong H, Du Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhao S, Chen J, Si D, Pan H. High-throughput LC-MS method for the rapid characterisation and comparative analysis of multiple ingredients of four hawthorn leaf extracts. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:635-643. [PMID: 35229907 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The comprehensive component characterisation of Chinese herbal medicine is the premise of effectively driving the discovery of pharmacodynamic substances or new drugs in recent years. OBJECTIVE To use the high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach to systematically characterise phytochemical compounds from four hawthorn leaf extracts, along with evaluating their classification. METHODS In the present study, the compounds from 50% ethanol extract, macro porous resin extract, ethyl acetate extract and standard decoction of hawthorn leaves were completely analysed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). RESULTS Eight-nine compounds were putatively identified by comparison with secondary MS data and available references. Of these compounds identified, 56 compounds were found for the first time in hawthorn leaves, which was somewhat inconsistent with the findings of other studies. It could be inferred that falconoid, organic acids and nitrogenous compounds were the most abundant in 50% ethanol extract and standard decoction extract, which were considered as better choices for extracting hawthorn leaves. CONCLUSIONS This work developed a simple, accurate and rapid method for the compound identification of hawthorn leaves, which laid the basis for further discovering pharmacodynamic material basis or new drugs from hawthorn leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yilong Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | | | | | - Haifeng Pan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shang G, Zhao H, Tong L, Yin N, Hu R, Jiang H, Kamal F, Zhao Z, Xu L, Lu K, Li J, Qu C, Du D. Genome-Wide Association Study of Phenylalanine Derived Glucosinolates in Brassica rapa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1274. [PMID: 35567275 PMCID: PMC9104335 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur-containing bioactive compounds usually present in Brassicaceae plants and are usually responsible for a pungent flavor and reduction of the nutritional values of seeds. Therefore, breeding rapeseed varieties with low GSL levels is an important breeding objective. Most GSLs in Brassica rapa are derived from methionine or tryptophan, but two are derived from phenylalanine, one directly (benzylGSL) and one after a round of chain elongation (phenethylGSL). In the present study, two phenylalanine (Phe)-derived GSLs (benzylGSL and phenethylGSL) were identified and quantified in seeds by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Levels of benzylGSL were low but differed among investigated low and high GSL genotypes. Levels of phenethylGSL (also known as 2-phenylethylGSL) were high but did not differ among GSL genotypes. Subsequently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 159 B. rapa accessions to demarcate candidate regions underlying 43 and 59 QTNs associated with benzylGSL and phenethylGSL that were distributed on 10 chromosomes and 9 scaffolds, explaining 0.56% to 70.86% of phenotypic variations, respectively. Furthermore, we find that 15 and 18 known or novel candidate genes were identified for the biosynthesis of benzylGSL and phenethylGSL, including known regulators of GSL biosynthesis, such as BrMYB34, BrMYB51, BrMYB28, BrMYB29 and BrMYB122, and novel regulators or structural genes, such as BrMYB44/BrMYB77 and BrMYB60 for benzylGSL and BrCYP79B2 for phenethylGSL. Finally, we investigate the expression profiles of the biosynthetic genes for two Phe-derived GSLs by transcriptomic analysis. Our findings provide new insight into the complex machinery of Phe-derived GSLs in seeds of B. rapa and help to improve the quality of Brassicaceae plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Shang
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Linhui Tong
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Ran Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Farah Kamal
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Liang Xu
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (N.Y.); (R.H.); (H.J.); (F.K.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dezhi Du
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.S.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen D, Yang Y, Niu G, Shan X, Zhang X, Jiang H, Liu L, Wen Z, Ge X, Zhao Q, Yao X, Sun D. Metabolic and RNA sequencing analysis of cauliflower curds with different types of pigmentation. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac001. [PMID: 35414860 PMCID: PMC8994856 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is a popular vegetable worldwide due to its delicious taste, high nutritional value and anti-cancer properties. Cauliflower normally produces white curds, and natural spontaneous mutations lead to the production of orange, purple or green curds. However, some white cauliflowers show uneven purple pigmentation in their curds, which seriously affects the appearance quality and economic value of this crop. The underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptional and metabolic profiling analysis of light orange, white and purplish cauliflower curds. Metabolite analysis revealed that the pigments conferring purple colouration were delphinin and cyanin. Transcriptome analysis showed that the anthocyanin metabolism-related structural genes DFR, ANS and UGT and the transcription factor genes PAP2, TT8, GL3, EGL3 and TTG1 were upregulated in purplish versus white curds. These findings shed light on the formation of purplish curds, which could facilitate the breeding of purely white or red cauliflower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daozong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yingxia Yang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Guobao Niu
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaozheng Shan
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hanmin Jiang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhenghua Wen
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Tianjin Huierjia Seeds Industry Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Xingwei Yao
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Deling Sun
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Razgonova M, Zinchenko Y, Pikula K, Tekutyeva L, Son O, Zakharenko A, Kalenik T, Golokhvast K. Spatial Distribution of Polyphenolic Compounds in Corn Grains (Zea mays L. var. Pioneer) Studied by Laser Confocal Microscopy and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050630. [PMID: 35270099 PMCID: PMC8912282 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Desirable changes in the biochemical composition of food plants is a key outcome of breeding strategies. The subsequent localization of nutritional phytochemicals in plant tissues gives important information regarding the extent of their synthesis across a tissue. We performed a detailed metabolomic analysis of phytochemical substances of grains from Zea mays L. (var. Pioneer) by tandem mass spectrometry and localization by confocal microscopy. We found that anthocyanins are located mainly in the aleurone layer of the grain. High-performance liquid chromatography in combination with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 56 compounds, including 30 polyphenols. This method allows for effective and rapid analysis of anthocyanins by plotting their distribution in seeds and grains of different plants. This approach will permit a more efficient screening of phenotypic varieties during food plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayya Razgonova
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.T.); (O.S.); (T.K.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yulia Zinchenko
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Konstantin Pikula
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (K.P.); (K.G.)
- Federal Research Center the Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Petrovskogo Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Tekutyeva
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.T.); (O.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Oksana Son
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.T.); (O.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya, Presidium, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, The National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kalenik
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.T.); (O.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (K.P.); (K.G.)
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya, Presidium, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia;
- Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Radio 7, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shi R, Tao L, Tu X, Zhang C, Xiong Z, Rami Horowitz A, Asher JB, He J, Hu F. Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insight Into Phenolic and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in the Nutshell of Macadamia Ternifolia. Front Genet 2022; 12:809986. [PMID: 35265099 PMCID: PMC8899216 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.809986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macadamia ternifolia is a dynamic oil-producing nut crop in the world. However, the nutshell is frequently considered as a low-quality material. Further, its metabolic profile is still uncharacterized. In order to explore the industrial significance of the nutshell, this study performed metabolic and transcriptomic analyses at various developmental stages of the nutshell. The qualitative and quantitative metabolic data analysis identified 596 metabolic substances including several species of phenolic acids, flavonoids, lipids, organic acids, amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, alkaloids, lignans, coumarins, terpenoids, tannins, and others. However, phenolic acids and flavonoids were predominant, and their abundance levels were significantly altered across various developmental stages of the nutshell. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression patterns of phenolic acid and flavonoid pathway related genes were significantly changed during the nutshell growth. In particular, the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, and FLS had dynamic differences at the various developmental stages of the nutshell. Our integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified the key metabolic substances and their abundance levels. We further discussed the regulatory mechanism of phenolic and flavonoid biosynthesis in the nutshell of M. ternifolia. Our results provide new insights into the biological profiles of the nutshell of M. ternifolia and help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of phenolic and flavonoid biosynthesis in the nutshell of M. ternifolia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Foresty Research Center of Kunming, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinghao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhang
- Office of Academic Affairs, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Chunsheng Zhang, ; Jun He, ; Faguang Hu,
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Foresty Research Center of Kunming, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Abraham Rami Horowitz
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jiftah Ben Asher
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunsheng Zhang, ; Jun He, ; Faguang Hu,
| | - Faguang Hu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunsheng Zhang, ; Jun He, ; Faguang Hu,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kamal F, Shen S, Hu R, Zhang Q, Yin N, Ma Y, Jiang Y, Xu X, Li J, Lu K, Qu C. Metabolite Characteristics Analysis of Siliques and Effects of Lights on the Accumulation of Glucosinolates in Siliques of Rapeseed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817419. [PMID: 35251085 PMCID: PMC8888874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are naturally occurring secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae family, which mainly synthesize in the siliques with a wide range of functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of lights on metabolites in siliques of rapeseed through ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-heated electrospray ionization (HESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A total of 249 metabolites, including 29 phenolic acids, 38 flavonoids, 22 GSLs, 93 uncalculated and 67 unknown compounds, were identified in siliques of rapeseed. Meanwhile, 62 metabolites showed significant differences after shading treatment, which were mainly GSLs and unknown compounds. Interestingly, the amounts of 10 GSLs had high accumulation levels in siliques, while the expression levels of their corresponding biosynthetic genes (AOP, GSL-OH, IGMT, and ST5a) were obviously reduced after shading treatment. Further evidence showed that the amounts of GSLs were significantly reduced in seeds, in accordance with the expression profiles of transporter genes (BnaGTRs). Our findings indicated that lights could affect the accumulation and transportation of GSLs from siliques to seeds in rapeseed. Therefore, this study facilitates a better understanding of metabolic characteristics of siliques and provides insight into the importance of light for GSLs accumulation and transportation in siliques and seeds of rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kamal
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shulin Shen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianwei Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifang Ma
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dracocephalum palmatum S. and Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. Originating from Yakutia: A High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Approach for the Comprehensive Characterization of Phenolic Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dracocephalum palmatum S. and Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. contain a large number of target analytes, which are biologically active compounds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with an ion trap (tandem mass spectrometry) was used to identify target analytes in extracts of D. palmatum S. and D. ruyschiana L. originating from Yakutia. The results of initial studies revealed the presence of 114 compounds, of which 92 were identified for the first time in the genus Dracocephalum. New identified metabolites belonged to 17 classes, including 16 phenolic acids and their conjugates, 18 flavones, 5 flavonols, 2 flavan-3-ols, 1 flavanone, 2 stilbenes, 10 anthocyanins, 1 condensed tannin, 2 lignans, 6 carotenoids, 3 oxylipins, 2 amino acids, 3 sceletium alkaloids, 3 carboxylic acids, 8 fatty acids, 1 sterol, and 3 terpenes, along with 6 miscellaneous compounds. It was shown that extracts of D. palmatum are richer in the spectrum of polyphenolic compounds compared with extracts of D. ruyschiana, according to a study of the presence of these compounds in extracts, based on the results of mass spectrometric studies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen M, He X, Sun H, Sun Y, Li L, Zhu J, Xia G, Guo X, Zang H. Phytochemical analysis, UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS analysis, biological activity, and toxicity of extracts from Tripleurospermum limosum (Maxim.) Pobed. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
29
|
Schilbert HM, Schöne M, Baier T, Busche M, Viehöver P, Weisshaar B, Holtgräwe D. Characterization of the Brassica napus Flavonol Synthase Gene Family Reveals Bifunctional Flavonol Synthases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733762. [PMID: 34721462 PMCID: PMC8548573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol synthase (FLS) is a key enzyme for the formation of flavonols, which are a subclass of the flavonoids. FLS catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavonols. The enzyme belongs to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODD) superfamily. We characterized the FLS gene family of Brassica napus that covers 13 genes, based on the genome sequence of the B. napus cultivar Express 617. The goal was to unravel which BnaFLS genes are relevant for seed flavonol accumulation in the amphidiploid species B. napus. Two BnaFLS1 homeologs were identified and shown to encode bifunctional enzymes. Both exhibit FLS activity as well as flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) activity, which was demonstrated in vivo and in planta. BnaFLS1-1 and -2 are capable of converting flavanones into dihydroflavonols and further into flavonols. Analysis of spatio-temporal transcription patterns revealed similar expression profiles of BnaFLS1 genes. Both are mainly expressed in reproductive organs and co-expressed with the genes encoding early steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Our results provide novel insights into flavonol biosynthesis in B. napus and contribute information for breeding targets with the aim to modify the flavonol content in rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Marie Schilbert
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schöne
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Busche
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Prisca Viehöver
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniela Holtgräwe
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Morcol TB, Matthews PD, Kennelly EJ. Differences in Leaf Chemistry and Glandular Trichome Density between Wild Southwestern American Hop ( Humulus neomexicanus) and Commercial Hop Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7798-7814. [PMID: 34181402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The female flowers ("cones") of the hop plant (Humulus L.) produce compounds that contribute to the flavor and other properties of beer. Hop leaves and cones produce many of the same compounds, which also confer agronomic traits such as insect and disease resistance. Targeted and untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry with Waters MSE technology (UPLC-QTof-MSE) metabolomics were used to compare leaf phytochemical compositions of greenhouse-grown southwestern American wild Humulus neomexicanus (A. Nelson and Cockerell) Rydb. against a group of commercial hop cultivars consisting of both pure European Humulus lupulus L. and European-North American hybrids. Principal component analysis showed a clear distinction in chemical profiles between the two groups. H. neomexicanus leaves had a significantly higher content of total α acids (p = 4.4 × 10-9), total bitter acids (p = 2.6 × 10-6), cohumulone (p = 1.0 × 10-13), humulone + adhumulone (p = 9.1 × 10-4), and the prenylflavonoids xanthohumol (p = 0.013) and desmethylxanthohumol (p = 0.029) as well as significantly higher densities of glandular trichomes (p = 1.3 × 10-6), the biosynthetic site of those compounds. Most flavonol glycosides measured were also significantly more abundant in H. neomexicanus (p = 1.5 × 10-22 to 0.0027), whereas phenolic acids were consistently, but generally nonsignificantly (p > 0.05), more abundant in the cultivars. The higher bitter acid, prenylflavonoid, and flavonol glycoside content of H. neomexicanus leaves may help to confer more favorable insect and disease-resistance properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylan B Morcol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Paul D Matthews
- Department of Research and Development, Hopsteiner, S.S. Steiner, Inc., 1 West Washington Avenue, Yakima, Washington 98903, United States
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insight into Seed Coat Color in Brassica juncea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137215. [PMID: 34281271 PMCID: PMC8268557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The allotetraploid species Brassica juncea (mustard) is grown worldwide as oilseed and vegetable crops; the yellow seed-color trait is particularly important for oilseed crops. Here, to examine the factors affecting seed coat color, we performed a metabolic and transcriptomic analysis of yellow- and dark-seeded B. juncea seeds. In this study, we identified 236 compounds, including 31 phenolic acids, 47 flavonoids, 17 glucosinolates, 38 lipids, 69 other hydroxycinnamic acid compounds, and 34 novel unknown compounds. Of these, 36 compounds (especially epicatechin and its derivatives) accumulated significantly different levels during the development of yellow- and dark-seeded B. juncea. In addition, the transcript levels of BjuDFR, BjuANS,BjuBAN, BjuTT8, and BjuTT19 were closely associated with changes to epicatechin and its derivatives during seed development, implicating this pathway in the seed coat color determinant in B. juncea. Furthermore, we found numerous variations of sequences in the TT8A genes that may be associated with the stability of seed coat color in B. rapa, B. napus, and B. juncea, which might have undergone functional differentiation during polyploidization in the Brassica species. The results provide valuable information for understanding the accumulation of metabolites in the seed coat color of B. juncea and lay a foundation for exploring the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
|
32
|
Poveda J, Velasco P, de Haro A, Johansen TJ, McAlvay AC, Möllers C, Mølmann JA, Ordiales E, Rodríguez VM. Agronomic and Metabolomic Side-Effects of a Divergent Selection for Indol-3-Ylmethylglucosinolate Content in Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060384. [PMID: 34198476 PMCID: PMC8231911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a cruciferous vegetable widely cultivated for its leaves and flower buds in Europe and a food of global interest as a “superfood”. Brassica crops accumulate phytochemicals called glucosinolates (GSLs) which play an important role in plant defense against biotic stresses. Studies carried out to date suggest that GSLs may have a role in the adaptation of plants to different environments, but direct evidence is lacking. We grew two kale populations divergently selected for high and low indol-3-ylmethylGSL (IM) content (H-IM and L-IM, respectively) in different environments and analyzed agronomic parameters, GSL profiles and metabolomic profile. We found a significant increase in fresh and dry foliar weight in H-IM kale populations compared to L-IM in addition to a greater accumulation of total GSLs, indole GSLs and, specifically, IM and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylGSL (1MeOIM). Metabolomic analysis revealed a significant different concentration of 44 metabolites in H-IM kale populations compared to L-IM. According to tentative peak identification from MS interpretation, 80% were phenolics, including flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin and anthocyanin derivates, including acyl flavonoids), chlorogenic acids (esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and quinic acid), hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid) and coumarins. H-IM kale populations could be more tolerant to diverse environmental conditions, possibly due to GSLs and the associated metabolites with predicted antioxidant potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Poveda
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Antonio de Haro
- Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Tor J. Johansen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (T.J.J.); (J.A.B.M.)
| | - Alex C. McAlvay
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY 10458, USA;
| | - Christian Möllers
- Department of Crop Science, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Jørgen A.B. Mølmann
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (T.J.J.); (J.A.B.M.)
| | - Elena Ordiales
- Centro Tecnológico Nacional Agroalimentario, 06195 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Víctor M. Rodríguez
- Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-85-4800
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jia L, Wang J, Wang R, Duan M, Qiao C, Chen X, Ma G, Zhou X, Zhu M, Jing F, Zhang S, Qu C, Li J. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of carotenoid biosynthesis reveal the basis of white petal color in Brassica napus. PLANTA 2021; 253:8. [PMID: 33387047 PMCID: PMC7778631 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying white petal color in Brassica napus was revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying flower color in this crop are known less. Here, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the yellow-flowered rapeseed cultivar 'Zhongshuang 11' (ZS11) and the white-flowered inbred line 'White Petal' (WP). The total carotenoid contents were 1.778-fold and 1.969-fold higher in ZS11 vs. WP petals at stages S2 and S4, respectively. Our findings suggest that white petal color in WP flowers is primarily due to decreased lutein and zeaxanthin contents. Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,116 differentially expressed genes with a fourfold or greater change in expression (P-value less than 0.001) in WP vs. ZS11 petals, including 1,209 genes that were differentially expressed at four different stages and 20 genes in the carotenoid metabolism pathway. BnNCED4b, encoding a protein involved in carotenoid degradation, was expressed at abnormally high levels in WP petals, suggesting it might play a key role in white petal formation. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome data. The results of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in rapeseed petals, and the candidate genes identified in this study provide a resource for the creation of new B. napus germplasms with different petal colors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ledong Jia
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mouzheng Duan
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cailin Qiao
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xintong Zhou
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fuyu Jing
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shengsen Zhang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Ye S, Yuan G, Ma X, Heng S, Yi B, Ma C, Shen J, Tu J, Fu T, Wen J. Gene silencing of BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP confers orange color in Brassica napus flowers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:932-949. [PMID: 32808386 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus is currently cultivated as an important ornamental crop in China. Flower color has attracted much attention in rapeseed genetics and breeding. Here, we characterize an orange-flowered mutant of B. napus that exhibits an altered carotenoid profile in its petals. As revealed by map-based cloning, the change in color from yellow to orange is attributed to the loss of BnaC09.ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) and a 1695-bp deletion in BnaA09.ZEP. HPLC analysis, genetic complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 experiments demonstrated that BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP have similar functions, and the abolishment of both genes led to a substantial increase in lutein content and a sharp decline in violaxanthin content in petals but not leaves. BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP are predominantly expressed in floral tissues, whereas their homologs, BnaA07.ZEP and BnaC07.ZEP, mainly function in leaves, indicating redundancy and tissue-specific diversification of BnaZEP function. Transcriptome analysis in petals revealed differences in the expression of carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes between the mutant and its complementary lines. Flavonoid profiles in the petals of complementary lines were greatly altered compared to the mutant, indicating potential cross-talk between the regulatory networks underlying the carotenoid and flavonoid pathways. Additionally, our results indicate that there is functional compensation by BnaA07.ZEP and BnaC07.ZEP in the absence of BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP. Cloning and characterization of BnaZEPs provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying flower pigmentation in B. napus and would facilitate breeding of B. napus varieties with higher ornamental value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenhua Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaigai Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangping Heng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qu C, Yin N, Chen S, Wang S, Chen X, Zhao H, Shen S, Fu F, Zhou B, Xu X, Liu L, Lu K, Li J. Comparative Analysis of the Metabolic Profiles of Yellow- versus Black-Seeded Rapeseed Using UPLC-HESI-MS/MS and Transcriptome Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3033-3049. [PMID: 32052629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The high levels of secondary metabolites in rapeseed play important roles in determining the oil quality and feeding value. Here, we characterized the metabolic profiles in seeds of various yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed accessions. Two hundred and forty-eight features were characterized, including 31 phenolic acids, 54 flavonoids, 24 glucosinolates, 65 lipid compounds, and 74 other polar compounds. The most abundant phenolic acids and various flavonoids (epicatechin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and their derivatives) were widely detected and showed significant differences in distribution between the yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed. Furthermore, the related genes (e.g., BnTT3, BnTT18, BnTT10, BnTT12, and BnBAN) involved in the proanthocyanidin pathway had lower expression levels in yellow-seeded rapeseed, strongly suggesting that the seed coat color could be mainly determined by the levels of epicatechin and their derivatives. These results improve our understanding of the primary constituents of rapeseed and lay the foundation for breeding novel varieties with a high nutritional value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Si Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shulin Shen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Fuyou Fu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N02X, Canada
| | - Baojin Zhou
- Deepxomics-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| |
Collapse
|