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Bouillon P, Fanciullino AL, Belin E, Bréard D, Boisard S, Bonnet B, Hanteville S, Bernard F, Celton JM. Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:71. [PMID: 38755652 PMCID: PMC11100172 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis of colour development in red-flesh apples (Malus domestica Borkh) has been widely characterised; however, current models do not explain the observed variations in red pigmentation intensity and distribution. Available methods to evaluate the red-flesh trait rely on the estimation of an average overall colour using a discrete class notation index. However, colour variations among red-flesh cultivars are continuous while development of red colour is non-homogeneous and genotype-dependent. A robust estimation of red-flesh colour intensity and distribution is essential to fully capture the diversity among genotypes and provide a basis to enable identification of loci influencing the red-flesh trait. RESULTS In this study, we developed a multivariable approach to evaluate the red-flesh trait in apple. This method was implemented to study the phenotypic diversity in a segregating hybrid F1 family (91 genotypes). We developed a Python pipeline based on image and colour analysis to quantitatively dissect the red-flesh pigmentation from RGB (Red Green Blue) images and compared the efficiency of RGB and CIEL*a*b* colour spaces in discriminating genotypes previously classified with a visual notation. Chemical destructive methods, including targeted-metabolite analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV), were performed to quantify major phenolic compounds in fruits' flesh, as well as pH and water contents. Multivariate analyses were performed to study covariations of biochemical factors in relation to colour expression in CIEL*a*b* colour space. Our results indicate that anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanol concentrations, as well as pH, are closely related to flesh pigmentation in apple. CONCLUSTION Extraction of colour descriptors combined to chemical analyses helped in discriminating genotypes in relation to their flesh colour. These results suggest that the red-flesh trait in apple is a complex trait associated with several biochemical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bouillon
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
- IFO, 49140, Seiches sur le Loir, France
| | | | - Etienne Belin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Dimitri Bréard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Séverine Boisard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bonnet
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Hanteville
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Celton
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France.
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Li H, Yang Y, Zhang W, Zheng H, Xu X, Li H, Sun C, Hu H, Zhao W, Ma R, Tao J. Promoter replication of grape MYB transcription factor is associated with a new red flesh phenotype. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:136. [PMID: 38709311 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE In our study, we discovered a fragment duplication autoregulation mechanism in 'ZS-HY', which may be the reason for the phenotype of red foliage and red flesh in grapes. In grapes, MYBA1 and MYBA2 are the main genetic factors responsible for skin coloration which are located at the color loci on chromosome 2, but the exact genes responsible for color have not been identified in the flesh. We used a new teinturier grape germplasm 'ZhongShan-HongYu' (ZS-HY) which accumulate anthocyanin both in skin and flesh as experimental materials. All tissues of 'ZS-HY' contained cyanidin 3-O-(6″-p-coumaroyl glucoside), and pelargonidins were detected in skin, flesh, and tendril. Through gene expression analysis at different stage of flesh, significant differences in the expression levels of VvMYBA1 were found. Gene amplification analysis showed that the VvMYBA1 promoter is composed of two alleles, VvMYBA1a and 'VvMYBA1c-like'. An insertion of a 408 bp repetitive fragment was detected in the allele 'VvMYBA1c-like'. In this process, we found the 408 bp repetitive fragment was co-segregated with red flesh and foliage phenotype. Our results revealed that the 408 bp fragment replication insertion in promoter of 'VvMYBA1c-like' was the target of its protein, and the number of repeat fragments was related to the increase of trans-activation of VvMYBA1 protein. The activation of promoter by VvMYBA1 was enhanced by the addition of VvMYC1. In addition, VvMYBA1 interacted with VvMYC1 to promote the expression of VvGT1 and VvGST4 genes in 'ZS-HY'. The discovery of this mutation event provides new insights into the regulation of VvMYBA1 on anthocyanin accumulation in red-fleshed grape, which is of great significance for molecular breeding of red-fleshed table grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haoran Li
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenxu Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haipeng Hu
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanli Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
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Li H, Gao X, Wang Y, Lu H, Tian M, Duan C, Wang J. Artificial shading of teinturier grape Kolor clusters reveals light-responsive biomarkers: focus on flavonoid profiles and metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1356799. [PMID: 38533403 PMCID: PMC10963508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Kolor is a teinturier grape cultivar, that accumulates flavonoids in the skin and pulp. However, the concentrations and proportions of flavonoids in Kolor skin and pulp differ, suggesting tissue specificity in teinturier grapes. Light conditions significantly influence the evolution of flavonoids. Moreover, studies on the mechanisms governing flavonoid accumulation in light response sensitivity of teinturier grapes are limited. In the three consecutive years of study, the exposure of Kolor clusters was altered by bagging from pre-veraison to harvest. QqQ/MS and RT‒qPCR wereused to determine the individual anthocyanin contents and the relative gene expression. There was a significant decrease in the total anthocyanins and flavonols in the Kolor berries, with flavonols showing greater sensitivity to bagging. Bagging did not exert a consistent impact on the flavan-3-ols in Kolor berries. The sensitivities of anthocyanins in Kolor skin and pulp differed under light exclusion conditions. The concentration of trihydroxy-substituted anthocyanins in the skin decreased, while the proportion of dihydroxy-substituted anthocyanins in the pulp significantly increased, but the anthocyanin concentration in the pulp did not change significantly after bagging. The contents of malvidins and quercetins in the skin, and myricetins and quercetins in the pulp, were significantly reduced after bagging. The expression of flavonoid synthesis genes in Kolor skin and pulp was tissue-specific. After bagging, UFGT expression increased in the pulp and decreased in the skin. In addition, LDOX, FLS-1, CHI-1, CHI-2, F3H-1, F3H-2, and MYB4a exhibited sensitive light responses in both the skin and pulp. This study offers new insights into the regulation of flavonoids in Kolor grapes under light exclusion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Mengbo Tian
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Ren R, Chen H, Xie R, Yuan H, Xie S, Zhang Z. Manganese sulfate application promotes berry flavonoid accumulation in Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' by regulating flavonoid metabolome and transcriptome profiles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1092-1106. [PMID: 37782112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are vital for the development of high-quality grapes and wine, and manganese deficiency decreases grape berry coloration. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of manganese sulfate on grape metabolic profiles have not been adequately researched. In this study, three concentrations of manganese sulfate solutions, 0.5 μmol·L-1 (low, L), 5 μmol·L-1 (middle, M - the standard manganese concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution, control), and 1000 μmol·L-1 (high, H), were applied to the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to explore the effect on berry composition. RESULTS Manganese application improved manganese concentration effectively in grape organs. Furthermore, the concentrations of malvidin 3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin-trans-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-glucoside, and peonidin 3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside increased significantly under H treatment. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the structural genes (VvDFR, VvUFGT, and VvOMT) of flavonoid biosynthesis were upregulated under H treatment, and their transcription levels correlated positively with malvidin- and peonidin-derived anthocyanin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that manganese application regulates berry transcriptional and flavonoid metabolic profiles, providing a theoretical basis for improving the color of red grapes and wines. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huangzhao Chen
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Xie
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haohao Yuan
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Xie
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Zhongguancun Innovation Center, Yinchuan, China
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5
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Vale M, Badim H, Gerós H, Conde A. Non-Mature miRNA-Encoded Micropeptide miPEP166c Stimulates Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Synthesis in Grape Berry Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1539. [PMID: 38338816 PMCID: PMC10855927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways exhibit intricate regulation, not only influenced by environmental factors and a complex network of transcription factors but also by post-transcriptional regulation, such as silencing by microRNAs and miRNA-encoded micropeptides (miPEPs). VviMYBC2-L1 serves as a transcriptional repressor for flavonoids, playing a crucial role in coordinating the synthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. It works in tandem with their respective transcriptional activators, VviMYBA1/2 and VviMYBPA1, to maintain an equilibrium of flavonoids. We have discovered a miPEP encoded by miR166c that appears to target VviMYBC2-L1. We conducted experiments to test the hypothesis that silencing this transcriptional repressor through miPEP166c would stimulate the synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. Our transcriptional analyses by qPCR revealed that the application of exogenous miPEP166c to Gamay Fréaux grape berry cells resulted in a significant upregulation in flavonoid transcriptional activators (VviMYBA1/2 and VviMYBPA1) and structural flavonoid genes (VviLDOX and VviDFR), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of proanthocyanidins (VviLAR1 and VviANR) and anthocyanins (VviUFGT1). These findings were supported by the increased enzyme activities of the key enzymes UFGT, LAR, and ANR, which were 2-fold, 14-fold, and 3-fold higher, respectively, in the miPEP166c-treated cells. Ultimately, these changes led to an elevated total content of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vale
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Hélder Badim
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
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6
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Zhang K, Du M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Cao S, Wang X, Wang W, Guan X, Zhou P, Li J, Jiang W, Tang M, Zheng Q, Cao M, Zhou Y, Chen K, Liu Z, Fang Y. The haplotype-resolved T2T genome of teinturier cultivar Yan73 reveals the genetic basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad205. [PMID: 38046853 PMCID: PMC10689054 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin, flesh, and vegetative tissues, endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods developing. However, due to the lack of genome information, the mechanism involved in regulating teinturier grape coloring has not yet been elucidated and their genetic utilization research is still insufficient. Here, the cultivar 'Yan73' was used for assembling the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome of teinturier grapes by combining the High Fidelity (HiFi), Hi-C and ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) reads. Two haplotype genomes were assembled, at the sizes of 501.68 Mb and 493.38 Mb, respectively. In the haplotype 1 genome, the transposable elements (TEs) contained 32.77% of long terminal repeats (LTRs), while in the haplotype 2 genome, 31.53% of LTRs were detected in TEs. Furthermore, obvious inversions were identified in chromosome 18 between the two haplotypes. Transcriptome profiling suggested that the gene expression patterns in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Yan73' were diverse depending on tissues, developmental stages, and varieties. The transcription program of genes in the anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway between the two cultivars exhibited high similarity in different tissues and developmental stages, whereas the expression levels of numerous genes showed significant differences. Compared with other genes, the expression levels of VvMYBA1 and VvUFGT4 in all samples, VvCHS2 except in young shoots and VvPAL9 except in the E-L23 stage of 'Yan73' were higher than those of 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. Further sequence alignments revealed potential variant gene loci and structure variations of anthocyanins biosynthesis related genes and a 816 bp sequence insertion was found in the promoter of VvMYBA1 of 'Yan73' haplotype 2 genome. The 'Yan73' T2T genome assembly and comparative analysis provided valuable foundations for further revealing the coloring mechanism of teinturier grapes and the genetic improvement of grape coloring traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekun Zhang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Mengrui Du
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xueqiang Guan
- Shandong Grape Research Institute, Shanda South Road, Jinan 250199, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine, COFCO Great Wall Wine (Penglai) Co., Ltd., Yantai 265600, China
| | - Jin Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine, COFCO Great Wall Wine (Penglai) Co., Ltd., Yantai 265600, China
| | | | - Meiling Tang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gangcheng West Street, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Qiuling Zheng
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gangcheng West Street, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Muming Cao
- Viticulture and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Keqin Chen
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Lu R, Song M, Wang Z, Zhai Y, Hu C, Perl A, Ma H. Independent flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flesh of a red-fleshed table grape revealed by metabolome and transcriptome co-analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:361. [PMID: 37454071 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red flesh is a desired fruit trait, but the regulation of red flesh formation in grape is not well understood. 'Mio Red' is a seedless table grape variety with light-red flesh and blue-purple skin. The skin color develops at veraison whereas the flesh color develops at a later stage of berry development. The flesh and skin flavonoid metabolomes and transcriptomes were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 161 flavonoids were identified, including 16 anthocyanins. A total of 66 flavonoids were found at significantly different levels in the flesh and skin (fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5, variable importance in projection (VIP) ≥ 1). The main anthocyanins in the flesh were pelargonidin and peonidin, and in the skin were peonidin, delphinidin, and petunidin. Transcriptome comparison revealed 57 differentially expressed structural genes of the flavonoid-metabolism pathway (log2fold change ≥ 1, FDR < 0.05, FPKM ≥ 1). Two differentially expressed anthocyanin synthase (ANS) genes were annotated, ANS2 (Vitvi02g00435) with high expression in flesh and ANS1 (Vitvi11g00565) in skin, respectively. One dihydro flavonol 4-reductase (DFR, Vitvi18g00988) gene was differentially expressed although high in both skin and flesh. Screened and correlation analysis of 12 ERF, 9 MYB and 3 bHLH genes. The Y1H and dual luciferase assays showed that MYBA1 highly activates the ANS2 promoter in flesh and that ERFCBF6 was an inhibitory, EFR23 and bHLH93 may activate the DFR gene. These genes may be involved in the regulation of berry flesh color. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape flesh is independent of that in the skin. Differentially expressed ANS, MYB and ERF transcription factors provide new clues for the future breeding of table grapes that will provide the health benefits as red wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxiang Lu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanlei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoyang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Avihai Perl
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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8
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Ren C, Li Z, Song P, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang L, Li X, Li W, Han D. Overexpression of a Grape MYB Transcription Factor Gene VhMYB2 Increases Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10743. [PMID: 37445921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In viticulture, the highly resistant rootstock 'Beta' is widely used in Chinese grape production to avoid the effects of soil salinization and drought on grape growth. However, the mechanism of high resistance to abiotic stress in the 'Beta' rootstock is not clear. In this study, we demonstrated that VhMYB2 as a transcription factor made a significant contribution to salinity and drought stress, which was isolated from the 'Beta' rootstock. The coding sequence of the VhMYB2 gene was 858 bp, encoding 285 amino acids. The subcellular localization of VhMYB2 was located in the nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. Moreover, RT-qPCR found that VhMYB2 was predominantly expressed in the mature leaf and root of the grape. Under salinity and drought stress, overexpressing VhMYB2 showed a higher resistant phenotype and survival rates in A. thaliana while the transgenic lines had a survival advantage by measuring the contents of proline, chlorophyll, and MDA, and activities of POD, SOD, and CAT, and expression levels of related stress response genes. The results reveal that VhMYB2 may be an important transcription factor regulating 'Beta' resistance in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Penghui Song
- Institute of Rural Revitalization Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wanda Liu
- Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Deguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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9
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Liang J, Guo J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou R, Zhang P, Liang C, Wen P. UV-C Promotes the Accumulation of Flavane-3-ols in Juvenile Fruit of Grape through Positive Regulating VvMYBPA1. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1691. [PMID: 37111914 PMCID: PMC10144632 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Flavane-3-ol monomers are the precursors of proanthocyanidins (PAs), which play a crucial role in grape resistance. Previous studies showed that UV-C positively regulated leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) enzyme activity to promote the accumulation of total flavane-3-ols in juvenile grape fruit, but its molecular mechanism was still unclear. In this paper, we found that the contents of flavane-3-ol monomers increased dramatically at the early development stage grape fruit after UV-C treatment, and the expression of its related transcription factor VvMYBPA1 was also enhanced significantly. The contents of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, the expression level of VvLAR1 and VvANR, and the activities of LAR and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) were improved significantly in the VvMYBPA1 overexpressed grape leaves compared to the empty vector. Both VvMYBPA1 and VvMYC2 could interact with VvWDR1 using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H). Finally, VvMYBPA1 was proven to bind with the promoters of VvLAR1 and VvANR by yeast one hybrid (Y1H). To sum up, we found that the expression of VvMYBPA1 increased in the young stage of grape fruit after UV-C treatment. VvMYBPA1 formed a trimer complex with VvMYC2 and VvWDR1 to regulate the expression of VvLAR1 and VvANR, thus positively promoting the activities of LAR and ANR enzyme, and eventually improved the accumulation of flavane-3-ols in grape fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Liang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (J.L.)
| | - Jianyong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (J.L.)
| | - Yafei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (J.L.)
| | - Zening Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (J.L.)
| | - Runtian Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (J.L.)
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (J.L.)
| | - Changmei Liang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pengfei Wen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (J.L.)
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10
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Ju Y, Wang W, Yue X, Xue W, Zhang Y, Fang Y. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanism underlying the accumulation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in the flesh and skin of teinturier grapes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107667. [PMID: 37001306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera 'Yan73' is a teinturier grape cultivar with red flesh. To explore the mechanism of berry color development, we performed an integrated flavonoid-targeted analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of the skin and flesh of Yan73 berries collected at three phenological stages (E-L 31, E-L 35, and E-L 38). We identified 234 flavonoid-related metabolites, including 61 flavonols, 22 anthocyanins, and 61 other flavonoids. Most flavonoid metabolites accumulated continuously during berry development and attained the highest contents in the skin at E-L 38. The transcript level of crucial genes (C4H, CHS, and GST) was highest in the skin at E-L 38. Seventeen distinct modules were identified in a weighted gene correlation network analysis. The MEcoral1 module was probably correlated with flavonoid metabolism and comprised 623 unigenes. The findings provide insights into the regulation of flavonoid metabolites during berry development of Yan73 grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlun Ju
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A & F University, Heyang, Shaanxi, 715300, China.
| | - Wanni Wang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wen Xue
- Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A & F University, Heyang, Shaanxi, 715300, China.
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11
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Gao L, Wang W, Li H, Li H, Yang Y, Zheng H, Tao J. Anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry flesh is associated with an alternative splicing variant of VvMYBA1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:1-13. [PMID: 36584628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoids that contribute to the color of grape berries and are an essential component of grape berry and wine quality. Anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries is dependent on the coordinated expression of genes encoding enzymes in the anthocyanin pathway that are principally regulated at the transcriptional level, with VvMYBA1 as the main transcriptional regulator in grapes. Alternative splicing (AS) events in VvMYBA1, however, have not been examined. In the present study, VvMYBA1-L, an AS variant of VvMYBA1, was identified in 'ZhongShan-Hong' (ZS-H) and its offspring. The AS variant is characterized by a deletion in the third exon of the open reading frame (ORF) of VvMYBA1-L, resulting in the early termination of the encoded protein. Overexpression of VvMYBA1-L in grape berries resulted in delayed flesh coloration and ectopic overexpression of VvMYBA1-L in tobacco inhibited the coloration of petals. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays revealed that VvMYBA1-L interacts with VvMYBA1. Dual luciferase assays indicated that co-infiltration of VvMYC1 and VvMYBA1 significantly activated the promoter regulated expression of VvCHS3, VvDFR, VvUFGT, and VvF3H. In the presence of VvMYBA1-L, however, the induction effect of VvMYBA1 on the indicated promoters was significantly inhibited. Our findings provide insight into the essential role of VvMYBA1 and its variant, VvMYBA1-L, in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Haoran Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Huan Zheng
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Tao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses reveal differences in monoterpene profiles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in six grape varieties with different flavors. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Kőrösi L, Molnár S, Teszlák P, Dörnyei Á, Maul E, Töpfer R, Marosvölgyi T, Szabó É, Röckel F. Comparative Study on Grape Berry Anthocyanins of Various Teinturier Varieties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223668. [PMID: 36429259 PMCID: PMC9689461 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The red-fleshed grape cultivars, called teinturier or dyer grapes, contain anthocyanins in both the skin and flesh. These phenolic compounds exhibit excellent coloring ability, and as antioxidants, they are important bioactive compounds in food crops. In this work, anthocyanin patterns of grape berries of fifteen teinturier varieties collected from the gene bank located at Pécs in the southwest of Hungary were compared. Anthocyanin profiles of numerous varieties originating from Hungary such as 'Bíborkadarka', 'Kármin', 'Kurucvér', and 'Turán' are reported for the first time. Anthocyanins extracted separately from the skin and juice were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. For the identification of compounds, high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry was used. All in all, twenty-one anthocyanins were identified and quantified. We found that anthocyanin patterns differed significantly in the skin and juice for all investigated cultivars. For Vitis vinifera varieties, the predominant anthocyanin in the skin was malvidin-3-O-glucoside, while the main pigment in the juice was peonidin-3-O-glucoside. For the first time, a significant amount of diglucosides was detected in two Vitis Vinifera cultivars with a direct relationship. In general, the pigment composition of the skin was much more complex than that of the juice. The comparative study with presented patterns gives valuable and beneficial information from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Our results also help to choose the appropriate teinturier varieties with the desired anthocyanins for food coloring or winemaking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kőrösi
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Szilárd Molnár
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Teszlák
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dörnyei
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Maul
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Franco Röckel
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
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14
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Characterization of anthocyanin and nonanthocyanidin phenolic compounds and/or their biosynthesis pathway in red-fleshed ‘Kanghong’ grape berries and their wine. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Yin H, Wang L, Xi Z. Involvement of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Skins in Response to Field Screening and In Vitro Culture Irradiating Infrared Radiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12807-12818. [PMID: 36166715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To study the role of infrared (IR) radiation in the color change of the grape berry, field screening (IR-) and in vitro culture irradiation (IR+) were used. Acylated anthocyanin biosyntheses, including the biosynthesis of malvidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their derivatives (acetylation and p-coumaroylation), were inhibited by IR-. IR+ promoted the biosynthesis of malvidin 3-O-glucoside and its derivatives, and IR+ inhibited the biosynthesis of peonidin 3-O-glucoside and its derivatives. WGCNA analysis revealed that the red module positively correlated with the flavonoid pathway. The hub genes were related to the anthocyanin pathway, including VvF3'5'H, VvANS, VvOMT1, VIT_18s0001g09400, and VvGST4. Further, the results revealed that transcription factors like RLK-Pelle, MYB, and C2H2 families were involved in response to IR radiation. Therefore, these results provide a complete understanding of IR radiation in grape skin color formation and the prospect of using supplemental light to improve the overall color of berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yin
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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16
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Kong J, Garcia V, Zehraoui E, Stammitti L, Hilbert G, Renaud C, Maury S, Delaunay A, Cluzet S, Lecourieux F, Lecourieux D, Teyssier E, Gallusci P. Zebularine, a DNA Methylation Inhibitor, Activates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grapevine Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071256. [PMID: 35886036 PMCID: PMC9316115 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Through its role in the regulation of gene expression, DNA methylation can participate in the control of specialized metabolite production. We have investigated the link between DNA methylation and anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine using the hypomethylating drug, zebularine and Gamay Teinturier cell suspensions. In this model, zebularine increased anthocyanin accumulation in the light, and induced its production in the dark. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, cell transcriptome, metabolic content, and DNA methylation were analyzed. The up-regulation of stress-related genes, as well as a decrease in cell viability, revealed that zebularine affected cell integrity. Concomitantly, the global DNA methylation level was only slightly decreased in the light and not modified in the dark. However, locus-specific analyses demonstrated a decrease in DNA methylation at a few selected loci, including a CACTA DNA transposon and a small region upstream from the UFGT gene, coding for the UDP glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase, known to be critical for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, this decrease was correlated with an increase in UFGT expression and in anthocyanin content. In conclusion, our data suggest that UFGT expression could be regulated through DNA methylation in Gamay Teinturier, although the functional link between changes in DNA methylation and UFGT transcription still needs to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Kong
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Virginie Garcia
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Enric Zehraoui
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Linda Stammitti
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Christel Renaud
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Stéphane Maury
- INRAe, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (S.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alain Delaunay
- INRAe, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (S.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- Unité de Recherche Oenologie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University Bordeaux, EA4577, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), ISVV, CEDEX, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - David Lecourieux
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Emeline Teyssier
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-5757-5928
| | - Philippe Gallusci
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
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17
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Zhong H, Liu Z, Zhang F, Zhou X, Sun X, Li Y, Liu W, Xiao H, Wang N, Lu H, Pan M, Wu X, Zhou Y. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of self- and hetero-grafting on anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac103. [PMID: 35795384 PMCID: PMC9251602 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grafting, which joins a scion from a cultivar with the stem of a rootstock from a grapevine wild relative, is commonly used in viticulture. Grafting has crucial effects on various phenotypes of the cultivar, including its phenology, biotic and abiotic resistance, berry metabolome, and coloration, but the underlying genetics and regulatory mechanisms are largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiles at three developmental stages (45, 75, and 105 days after flowering) of the Crimson Seedless cultivar (Vitis vinifera) grafted onto four rootstocks (three heterografts, CS/101-14, CS/SO4, and CS/110R and one self-graft, CS/CS) with own-rooted graft-free Crimson Seedless (CS) as the control. All the heterografts had a significant effect on berry reddening as early as ~45 days after flowering. The grafting of rootstocks promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in grape berries. The metabolomic features showed that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and petunidin 3-O-glucoside were the pigments responsible for the purplish-red peel color. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, from upstream (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) to downstream (anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and anthocyanidin synthase), were upregulated with the accumulation of anthocyanins in the heterografted plants. At the same time, all these genes were also highly expressed and more anthocyanin was accumulated in self-grafted CS/CS samples compared with own-rooted graft-free CS samples, suggesting that self-grafting may also have promoted berry reddening in grapevine. Our results reveal global transcriptomic and metabolomic features in berry color regulation under different grafting conditions that may be useful for improving berry quality in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhong
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Yongyao Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingqi Pan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Anthocyanin degradation and the underlying molecular mechanism in a red-fleshed grape variety. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tian MB, Yuan L, Zheng MY, Xi ZM. Differences in Anthocyanin Accumulation Profiles between Teinturier and Non-Teinturier Cultivars during Ripening. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051073. [PMID: 34066198 PMCID: PMC8151246 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are vital components of plant secondary metabolites, and are also the most important coloring substances in wine. Teinturier cultivars are rich in anthocyanins. However, the differences in anthocyanin accumulation and profiles between teinturier and non-teinturier cultivars have not been reported. In this study, Yan 73 and Dunkelfelder were selected as the experimental materials, and three non-teinturier cultivars were used for comparison. LC-MS and qRT-PCR were used to determine the individual anthocyanin contents and the relative gene expression. The results show that the total anthocyanin content of the teinturier cultivars was considerably higher than that in non-teinturier cultivars, and the levels of individual anthocyanins increased gradually during ripening. Lower ratios of modified anthocyanins were found in the teinturier cultivars, which was not only due to the high expression level of VvUFGT and VvGST4, but also due to the relatively low expression of VvOMT in these cultivars. Cluster analysis of gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation showed that VvUFGT is related to anthocyanin accumulation, and that AM1 is related to the synthesis and transport of methylated anthocyanins. Our results will be useful for further clarifying the pathways of anthocyanin synthesis, modification, and transport in teinturier cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Bo Tian
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.-B.T.); (M.-Y.Z.)
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Ming-Yuan Zheng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.-B.T.); (M.-Y.Z.)
| | - Zhu-Mei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.-B.T.); (M.-Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Correspondence:
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Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080891. [PMID: 32764272 PMCID: PMC7464560 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood. Here we describe the association of the red-fleshed berry phenotype with a 408 bp repetitive DNA element in the promoter of the VvmybA1 gene (grapevine color enhancer, GCE). Three different clones of ‘Teinturier’ were discovered with two, three and five allelic GCE repeats (MybA1t2, MybA1t3 and MybA1t5). All three clones are periclinal chimeras; these clones share the same L1 layer, but have distinct L2 layers with different quantities of GCE repeats. Quantitative real time PCR and HPLC analysis of leaf and berry samples showed that the GCE repeat number strongly correlates with an increase of the expression of VvmybA1 itself and the VvUFGT gene regulated by it and the anthocyanin content. A model is proposed based on autoregulation of VvmybA1t to explain the red phenotype which is similar to that of red-fleshed apples. This study presents results about the generation and modes of action of three MybA1t alleles responsible for the red-fleshed berry phenotype of teinturier grapevines.
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Xie S, Lei Y, Chen H, Li J, Chen H, Zhang Z. R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grapevine Vegetative Tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:527. [PMID: 32457776 PMCID: PMC7221203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins with important physiological functions mainly accumulate in grape berry, but teinturier grape cultivars can accumulate anthocyanins in both reproductive and vegetative tissues. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine reproductive and vegetative tissues are different. Therefore, teinturier grapevine cultivar provides opportunities to investigate transcriptional regulation of vegetative anthocyanins, and to compare with mechanisms that regulate grape berry anthocyanins. Yan73 is a teinturier Vitis vinifera variety with vegetative tissues able to accumulate anthocyanins, but the anthocyanin pattern and the molecular mechanism regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in these tissues remain uncharacterized. We analyzed the anthocyanin metabolic and transcriptome profiles of the vegetative tissues of Yan73 and its male parent with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and RNA-sequencing technologies. Yan73 vegetative tissues had relatively high 3'-OH, acylated, and methoxylated anthocyanins. Furthermore, peonidin-3-O-(trans-6-coumaryl)-glucoside is the most abundant anthocyanin in Yan73 grapevine vegetative tissues. A total of 30,17 and 10 anthocyanin biosynthesis genes showed up-regulated expression in Yan73 leaf, stem and tendril, respectively, indicating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Yan73 vegetative tissues is regulated by transcription factors. The up-regulated expression of VvMYBA1 on chromosome 2 and VvMYBA5, VvMYBA6, and VvMYBA7 on chromosome 14 are responsible for the anthocyanin patterns of Yan73 vegetative tissues. The expression of a set of R2R3-MYB C2 repressor genes is activated and may negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Yan73 vegetative tissues. These findings enhance our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xie
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yujuan Lei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Junnan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Huangzhao Chen
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Xianyang, China
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