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Parale VG, Kim T, Choi H, Phadtare VD, Dhavale RP, Kanamori K, Park HH. Mechanically Strengthened Aerogels through Multiscale, Multicompositional, and Multidimensional Approaches: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307772. [PMID: 37916304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, aerogels have attracted tremendous attention in academia and industry as a class of lightweight and porous multifunctional nanomaterial. Despite their wide application range, the low mechanical durability hinders their processing and handling, particularly in applications requiring complex physical structures. "Mechanically strengthened aerogels" have emerged as a potential solution to address this drawback. Since the first report on aerogels in 1931, various modified synthesis processes have been introduced in the last few decades to enhance the aerogel mechanical strength, further advancing their multifunctional scope. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art developments of mechanically strengthened aerogels through multicompositional and multidimensional approaches. Furthermore, new trends and future directions for as prevailed commercialization of aerogels as plastic materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak G Parale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haryeong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Varsha D Phadtare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Rushikesh P Dhavale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hyung-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Fanova A, Sotiropoulos K, Radulescu A, Papagiannopoulos A. Advances in Small Angle Neutron Scattering on Polysaccharide Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:490. [PMID: 38399868 PMCID: PMC10891522 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide materials and biomaterials gain the focus of intense research owing to their great versatility in chemical structures and modification possibilities, as well as their biocompatibility, degradability, and sustainability features. This review focuses on the recent advances in the application of SANS on polysaccharide systems covering a broad range of materials such as nanoparticulate assemblies, hydrogels, nanocomposites, and plant-originating nanostructured systems. It motivates the use of SANS in its full potential by demonstrating the features of contrast variation and contrast matching methods and by reporting the methodologies for data analysis and interpretation. As these soft matter systems may be organized in multiple length scales depending on the interactions and chemical bonds between their components, SANS offers exceptional and unique opportunities for advanced characterization and optimization of new nanostructured polysaccharide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Fanova
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany; (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany; (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Payanda Konuk O, Alsuhile AAAM, Yousefzadeh H, Ulker Z, Bozbag SE, García-González CA, Smirnova I, Erkey C. The effect of synthesis conditions and process parameters on aerogel properties. Front Chem 2023; 11:1294520. [PMID: 37937209 PMCID: PMC10627014 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1294520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerogels are remarkable nanoporous materials with unique properties such as low density, high porosity, high specific surface area, and interconnected pore networks. In addition, their ability to be synthesized from various precursors such as inorganics, organics, or hybrid, and the tunability of their properties make them very attractive for many applications such as adsorption, thermal insulation, catalysts, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The physical and chemical properties and pore structure of aerogels are crucial in determining their application areas. Moreover, it is possible to tailor the aerogel properties to meet the specific requirements of each application. This review presents a comprehensive review of synthesis conditions and process parameters in tailoring aerogel properties. The effective parameters from the dissolution of the precursor step to the supercritical drying step, including the carbonization process for carbon aerogels, are investigated from the studies reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Payanda Konuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ala A. A. M. Alsuhile
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hamed Yousefzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ulker
- School of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Selmi E. Bozbag
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - C. A. García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia Y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I. Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Can Erkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Tüpraş Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Karsai A, Cassidy GJ, Rajanala AP, Yang L, Kerimoglu D, Gumbart JC, Kim HD, Goldman DI. Toward a 3D physical model of diffusive polymer chains. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2023; 11:1142004. [PMID: 37538992 PMCID: PMC10399318 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2023.1142004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in polymer physics have created macro-scale analogs to solute microscopic polymer chains like DNA by inducing diffusive motion on a chain of beads. These bead chains have persistence lengths of O(10) links and undergo diffusive motion under random fluctuations like vibration. We present a bead chain model within a new stochastic forcing system: an air fluidizing bed of granular media. A chain of spherical 6 mm resin beads crimped onto silk thread are buffeted randomly by the multiphase flow of grains and low density rising air "bubbles". We "thermalize" bead chains of various lengths at different fluidizing airflow rates, while X-ray imaging captures a projection of the chains' dynamics within the media. With modern 3D printing techniques, we can better represent complex polymers by geometrically varying bead connections and their relative strength, e.g., mimicking the variable stiffness between adjacent nucleotide pairs of DNA. We also develop Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations to study the 3D motion of the bead chain, where the bead chain is represented by simulated spherical particles connected by linear and angular spring-like bonds. In experiment, we find that the velocity distributions of the beads follow exponential distributions rather than the Gaussian distributions expected from polymers in solution. Through use of the DEM simulation, we find that this difference can likely be attributed to the distributions of the forces imparted onto the chain from the fluidized bed environment. We anticipate expanding this study in the future to explore a wide range of chain composition and confinement geometry, which will provide insights into the physics of large biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Karsai
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Grace J Cassidy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aradhya P Rajanala
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lixinhao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deniz Kerimoglu
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James C Gumbart
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Harold D Kim
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel I Goldman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, He J, Sun C, Lu W, Zhang Y, Fang Y. Doubling growth of egg-box structure during Calcium-mediated molecular assembly of alginate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:747-756. [PMID: 36563431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-mediated molecular assembly of alginate underpins its wide range of applications in foods, pharmaceutics, biomedicines, tissue engineering and environmental treatments. The mode of growth of egg-box structure of alginate in the presence of Ca2+ is a long-standing fundamental problem to be concluded. In this work, we investigate the Ca-induced structural evolution of alginate in dilute solution using atomic force microscopy and dilute solution viscometry. It is demonstrated that the structural evolution follows the three critical steps of monocomplexation, dimerization and multimerization, upon binding with Ca2+. Interestingly, the alginate single chains grow into dimers and multimers via a doubling mode, i.e., successive emerging of dimer, tetramer, octamer, and hexadecamer. Compared with lower guluronate (G) alginate, higher G alginate exhibits a more pronounced multimerization process occurring at a lower ratio of Ca/G. A mechanistic model depicting the evolution of egg-box structure is proposed. The results would add new knowledge to the current egg-box model regarding the molecular assembly and gelation of an important biopolymer alginate, and provide fundamental basis for molecular engineering of alginate for more advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiguo Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cuixia Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Diffusion/Reaction Limited Aggregation Approach for Microstructure Evolution and Condensation Kinetics during Synthesis of Silica-Based Alcogels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031999. [PMID: 36768318 PMCID: PMC9916539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A base-catalysed methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) colloidal gel formation was implemented as a cellular automaton (CA) system, specifically diffusion and/or reaction-limited aggregation. The initial characteristic model parameters were determined based on experimental synthesis of MTMS-based, ambient-pressure-dried aerogels. The applicability of the numerical approach to the prediction of gels' condensation kinetics and their structure was evaluated. The developed model reflects the kinetics properly within the investigated chemical composition range (in strongly reaction-limited aggregation conditions) and, to a slightly lesser extent, the structural properties of aggregates. Ultimately, a relatively simple numerical model reflecting silica-based gel formation was obtained and verified experimentally. The CA simulations have proved valid for understanding the relation between the initial chemical composition and kinetics constants of MTMS-based synthesis and their impact on secondary particle aggregation process kinetics.
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