1
|
Corcho-Valdes AL, Ponce de Leon-Cabrera J, Padron-Ramirez I, Chao-Mujica FJ, Lebed E, Gutierrez-Quintanilla A, Desdin-Garcia LF, Voloshin Y, Antuch M. Precise Fingerprint Determination of Vibrational Infrared Spectra in a Series of Co(II) Clathrochelates through Experimental and Theoretical Analyses. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9419-9429. [PMID: 37935045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The energetic demands of modern society for clean energy vectors, such as H2, have caused a surge in research associated with homogeneous and immobilized electrocatalysts that may replace Pt. In particular, clathrochelates have shown excellent electrocatalytic properties for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the actual mechanism for the HER catalyzed by these d-metal complexes remains an open debate, which may be addressed via Operando spectroelectrochemistry. The prediction of electrochemical properties via density functional theory (DFT) needs access to thermodynamic functions, which are only available after Hessian calculations. Unfortunately, there is a notable lack in the current literature regarding the precise evaluation of vibrational spectra of such complexes, given their structural complexity and the associated tangled IR spectra. In this work, we have performed a detailed theoretical and experimental analysis in a family of Co(II) clathrochelates, in order to establish univocally their IR pattern, and also the calculation methodology that is adequate for such predictions. In summary, we have observed the presence of multiple common bands shared by this clathrochelate family, using the B3LYP functional, the LANL2DZ basis, and effective core potentials (ECP) for heavy atoms. The most important issue addressed in this article was therefore related to the detailed assignment of the fingerprint associated with cobalt(II) clathrochelates, which is a challenging endeavor due to the crowded nature of their spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Luis Corcho-Valdes
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), No. 502, Calle 30 y 5ta Ave., Miramar, C.P. 11300 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Josue Ponce de Leon-Cabrera
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), No. 502, Calle 30 y 5ta Ave., Miramar, C.P. 11300 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ivan Padron-Ramirez
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), No. 502, Calle 30 y 5ta Ave., Miramar, C.P. 11300 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Frank Justo Chao-Mujica
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), No. 502, Calle 30 y 5ta Ave., Miramar, C.P. 11300 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ekaterina Lebed
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Luis Felipe Desdin-Garcia
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), No. 502, Calle 30 y 5ta Ave., Miramar, C.P. 11300 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yan Voloshin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Manuel Antuch
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), No. 502, Calle 30 y 5ta Ave., Miramar, C.P. 11300 La Habana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gimferrer M, Aldossary A, Salvador P, Head-Gordon M. Oxidation State Localized Orbitals: A Method for Assigning Oxidation States Using Optimally Fragment-Localized Orbitals and a Fragment Orbital Localization Index. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:309-322. [PMID: 34929084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation states represent the ionic distribution of charge in a molecule and are significant in tracking redox reactions and understanding chemical bonding. While effective algorithms already exist based on formal Lewis structures as well as using localized orbitals, they exhibit differences in challenging cases where effects such as redox noninnocence are at play. Given a density functional theory (DFT) calculation with chosen total charge and spin multiplicity, this work reports a new approach to obtaining fragment-localized orbitals that is termed oxidation state localized orbitals (OSLO), together with an algorithm for assigning the oxidation state using the OSLOs and an associated fragment orbital localization index (FOLI). Evaluating the FOLI requires fragment populations, and for this purpose a new version of the intrinsic atomic orbital (IAO) scheme is introduced in which the IAOs are evaluated using a reference minimal basis formed from on-the-fly superposition of atomic density (IAO-AutoSAD) calculations in the target basis set and at the target level of theory. The OSLO algorithm is applied to a range of challenging cases including high valent metal oxide complexes, redox noninnocent NO and dithiolate transition metal complexes, a range of carbene-containing TM complexes, and other examples including the potentially inverted ligand field in [Cu(CF3)4]-. Across this range of cases, OSLO produces generally satisfactory results. Furthermore, in borderline cases, the OSLOs and associated FOLI values provide direct evidence of the emergence of covalent interactions between fragments that nicely complements existing approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlsi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Abdulrahman Aldossary
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlsi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tok GC, Reiter S, Freiberg ATS, Reinschlüssel L, Gasteiger HA, de Vivie-Riedle R, Hess CR. H 2 Evolution from Electrocatalysts with Redox-Active Ligands: Mechanistic Insights from Theory and Experiment vis-à-vis Co-Mabiq. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13888-13902. [PMID: 34297556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogen production via transition metal complexes offers a promising approach for chemical energy storage. Optimal platforms to effectively control the proton and electron transfer steps en route to H2 evolution still need to be established, and redox-active ligands could play an important role in this context. In this study, we explore the role of the redox-active Mabiq (Mabiq = 2-4:6-8-bis(3,3,4,4-tetramethlyldihydropyrrolo)-10-15-(2,2-biquinazolino)-[15]-1,3,5,8,10,14-hexaene1,3,7,9,11,14-N6) ligand in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Using spectro-electrochemical studies in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations, we identified two precatalytic intermediates formed upon the addition of two electrons and one proton to [CoII(Mabiq)(THF)](PF6) (CoMbq). We further examined the acid strength effect on the generation of the intermediates. The generation of the first intermediate, CoMbq-H1, involves proton addition to the bridging imine-nitrogen atom of the ligand and requires strong proton activity. The second intermediate, CoMbq-H2, acquires a proton at the diketiminate carbon for which a weaker proton activity is sufficient. We propose two decoupled H2 evolution pathways based on these two intermediates, which operate at different overpotentials. Our results show how the various protonation sites of the redox-active Mabiq ligand affect the energies and activities of HER intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ceren Tok
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Anna T S Freiberg
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Leonhard Reinschlüssel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hubert A Gasteiger
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Regina de Vivie-Riedle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Corinna R Hess
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin X, Qin P, Ni S, Yang T, Li M, Dang L. Priority of Mixed Diamine Ligands in Cobalt Dithiolene Complex-Catalyzed H 2 Evolution: A Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6688-6695. [PMID: 33861584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redox non-innocent metal dithiolene or diamine complexes are potential alternative catalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction and have been incorporated into 2D metal-organic frameworks to obtain unexpected electrocatalytic activity. According to an experimental study, Co-bis(dithiolene), Co-bis(diamine), and Co-dithiolene-diamine portions are considered as active sites where the generation of H2 occurs and a diamine ligand is necessary for high catalytic efficiency. We are interested in the difference between these catalytic active sites, and mechanistic studies on extracted Co-bis(dithiolene), Co-bis(diamine), and Co-dithiolene-diamine complex-catalyzed hydrogen evolution reactions are carried out by using density functional methods. Our calculated results indicate that the priority of ligand mixed complexes resulted from the readily occurring protonation of diamine ligands and large electron affinity of dithiolene ligands as well as the lowest overall barrier for H2 evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Tilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drosou M, Zarkadoulas A, Bethanis K, Mitsopoulou CA. Structural modifications on nickel dithiolene complexes lead to increased metal participation in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution mechanism. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1918339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drosou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Zarkadoulas
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Bethanis
- Physics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana A. Mitsopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen K, Downes CA, Schneider E, Goodpaster JD, Marinescu SC. Improving and Understanding the Hydrogen Evolving Activity of a Cobalt Dithiolene Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16384-16395. [PMID: 33788537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promising previous reports on the development of electrocatalytic dithiolene-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), these materials often display poor reproducibility of the HER performance because of their poor bulk properties upon integration with electrode materials. We demonstrate here an in-depth investigation of the electrocatalytic HER activity of a cobalt 2,3,6,7,10,11-triphenylenehexathiolate (CoTHT) MOF. To enhance the durability and charge transport properties of the constructed CoTHT/electrode architecture, CoTHT is deposited as an ink composite (1) composed of Nafion and carbon black. We leverage here the well-established use of catalyst inks in the literature to increase adhesion of the catalyst to the electrode surface and to improve the overall electrical conductivity of the integrated catalyst/electrode. The utilization of the composite 1 leads to a significant improvement in the overpotential (η) to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2 (η = 143 mV) compared to prior reports, resulting in the most active MOF-based electrocatalyst for the HER that contains only earth-abundant elements. Extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to understand the structure of CoTHT and the mechanistic pathways of the HER. The computational results suggest that an AB stacking geometry is energetically favorable, where one layer is slipped by 1.6 Å relative to the neighboring one along the a and b vectors. Additionally, the DFT calculations indicate that the catalytic cycle likely involves a Volmer discharge step to generate a cobalt hydride, followed by a Heyrovsky step to form a cobalt-H2 intermediate, and finally the dissociation of H2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Courtney A Downes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eugene Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason D Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Smaranda C Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van der Mynsbrugge J, Head-Gordon M, Bell AT. Computational Modeling Predicts the Stability of Both Pd + and Pd 2+ Ion-Exchanged into H-CHA. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2021; 9:2161-2174. [PMID: 33686355 PMCID: PMC7936627 DOI: 10.1039/d0ta11254b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Passive NOx adsorbers (PNA) using Pd/zeolites have emerged as a promising solution for the reduction of cold-start emissions from vehicle exhaust. However, the nature of the active sites and the mechanisms underlying NOx adsorption in Pd/zeolites remain a subject of ongoing investigation. In this study, we employ quantum chemical simulations to investigate the structure of Pd species in cation-exchange sites at isolated Al and Al pairs in the 6-ring and 8-ring of the CHA framework, before the introduction of NOx. Our calculations show that the speciation of Pd in these exchange sites strongly depends on the precise Al arrangement within the framework, as well as the operating conditions. Ionically dispersed Pd is found to be the most favorable species over a wide range of oxidizing and reducing conditions. Small oligomers of PdO and metallic Pd do not appear to be competitive at either isolated Al or Al pairs. Notably, our calculations show that ion exchange sites other than next-next-nearest neighbor Al pairs in the 6-ring will be preferentially occupied by Pd+ instead of Pd2+. The stability of Pd+ in the zeolite environment is an interesting contrast with its rareness in molecular Pd compounds. Nonetheless, a detailed analysis of the electronic structure shows that predicted Pd oxidation states are consistent with chemical intuition for all complexes investigated in this study. We also discuss the potential ambiguity in Pd characterization provided by typical experimental techniques such as XANES, EXAFS and UV-VIS, and highlight the need for additional EPR spectroscopy studies to further elucidate the initial Pd speciation in zeolites for PNA applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van der Mynsbrugge
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh A, Singh A, Kociok-Köhn G, Molloy KC, Singh AK, Kumar A, Muddassir M. Ni( ii) dithiolate anion composites with two-dimensional materials for electrochemical oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A redox active anionic nickel dithiolate complex was synthesized and its composites with GO, rGO and GN were prepared and used as electrocatalyts in the OER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - Amita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224001, India
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyala, Koni, Bilaspur, 495009, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - Mohd. Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gimferrer M, Van der Mynsbrugge J, Bell AT, Salvador P, Head-Gordon M. Facing the Challenges of Borderline Oxidation State Assignments Using State-of-the-Art Computational Methods. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15410-15420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jeroen Van der Mynsbrugge
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghosh P, de Vos S, Lutz M, Gloaguen F, Schollhammer P, Moret ME, Klein Gebbink RJM. Electrocatalytic Proton Reduction by a Cobalt Complex Containing a Proton-Responsive Bis(alkylimdazole)methane Ligand: Involvement of a C-H Bond in H 2 Formation. Chemistry 2020; 26:12560-12569. [PMID: 32350932 PMCID: PMC7589288 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous electrocatalytic proton reduction is reported using cobalt complex [1](BF4)2. This complex comprises two bis(1‐methyl‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methane (HBMIMPh2
) ligands that contain an acidic methylene moiety in their backbone. Upon reduction of [1](BF4)2 by either electrochemical or chemical means, one of its HBMIMPh2
ligands undergoes deprotonation under the formation of dihydrogen. Addition of a mild proton source (acetic acid) to deprotonated complex [2](BF4) regenerates protonated complex [1](BF4)2. In presence of acetic acid in acetonitrile solvent [1](BF4)2 shows electrocatalytic proton reduction with a kobs of ≈200 s−1 at an overpotential of 590 mV. Mechanistic investigations supported by DFT (BP86) suggest that dihydrogen formation takes place in an intramolecular fashion through the participation of a methylene C−H bond of the HBMIMPh2
ligand and a CoII−H bond through formal heterolytic splitting of the latter. These findings are of interest to the development of responsive ligands for molecular (base)metal (electro)catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Ghosh
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sander de Vos
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederic Gloaguen
- UMR 6521, CNRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 29238, Brest, France
| | | | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J M Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scheurer M, Dreuw A, Head-Gordon M, Stauch T. The rupture mechanism of rubredoxin is more complex than previously thought. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6036-6044. [PMID: 34094096 PMCID: PMC8159389 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The surprisingly low rupture force and remarkable mechanical anisotropy of rubredoxin have been known for several years. Exploiting the first combination of steered molecular dynamics and the quantum chemical Judgement of Energy DIstribution (JEDI) analysis, the common belief that hydrogen bonds between neighboring amino acid backbones and the sulfur atoms of the central FeS4 unit in rubredoxin determine the low mechanical resistance of the protein is invalidated. The distribution of strain energy in the central part of rubredoxin is elucidated in real-time with unprecedented detail, giving important insights into the mechanical unfolding pathway of rubredoxin. While structural anisotropy as well as the contribution of angle bendings in the FeS4 unit have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of rubredoxin, these factors are insufficient to explain the experimentally observed low rupture force. Instead, the rupture mechanism of rubredoxin is far more complex than previously thought and requires more than just a hydrogen bond network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA
| | - Tim Stauch
- University of Bremen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryLeobener Straße NW2D-28359 BremenGermany,Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of BremenAm Fallturm 1D-28359 BremenGermany,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of BremenBibliothekstraße 1D-28359 BremenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang H, Brothers EN, Grapperhaus CA, Hall MB. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation with Rhenium Tris(thiolate) Complexes: A Competition between Rhenium and Sulfur for Electrons and Protons. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | | | - Craig A. Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gupta AJ, Vishnosky NS, Hietsoi O, Losovyj Y, Strain J, Spurgeon J, Mashuta MS, Jain R, Buchanan RM, Gupta G, Grapperhaus CA. Effect of Stacking Interactions on the Translation of Structurally Related Bis(thiosemicarbazonato)nickel(II) HER Catalysts to Modified Electrode Surfaces. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12025-12039. [PMID: 31479262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of crystalline nickel(II) complexes (1-3) based on inexpensive bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands diacetylbis(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) (H2ATSM), diacetylbis(4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) (H2ATSDM), and diacetylbis[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone] (H2ATSM-F6) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR, UV-visible, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Modified electrodes GC-1-GC-3 were prepared with films of 1-3 deposited on glassy carbon and evaluated as potential hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. HER studies in 0.5 M aqueous H2SO4 (10 mA cm-2) revealed dramatic shifts in the overpotential from 0.740 to 0.450 V after extended cycling for 1 and 2. The charge-transfer resistances for GC-1-GC-3 were determined to be 270, 160, and 630 Ω, respectively. Characterization of the modified surfaces for GC-1 and GC-2 by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealed similar crystalline coatings before HER that changed to surface-modified crystallites after conditioning. The surface of GC-3 had an initial glasslike appearance before HER that delaminated after HER. The differences in the surface morphology and the effect of conditioning are correlated with crystal-packing effects. Complexes 1 and 2 pack as columns of interacting complexes in the crystallographic a direction with short interplanar spacings between 3.37 and 3.54 Å. Complex 3 packs as columns of isolated molecules in the crystallographic b direction with long-range interplanar spacings of 9.40 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaroslav Losovyj
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University-Bloomington , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dolganov AV, Tarasova OV, Balandina AV, Chernyaeva OY, Yurova VY, Selivanova YM, Yudina AD. Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Quantum Chemical Study of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in the Presence of N-Methyl-9-phenylacridinium Iodide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019070030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Chen J, Sit PHL. Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen-Producing Cobaloxime Catalysts: A Density Functional Theory Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:582-592. [PMID: 31459350 PMCID: PMC6649079 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were carried out to study the electrochemical properties including reduction potentials, pK a values, and thermodynamic hydricities of three prototypical cobaloxime complexes, Co(dmgBF2)2 (dmgBF2 = difluoroboryl-dimethylglyoxime), Co(dmgH)2 (dmgH = dimethylglyoxime), and Co(dmgH)2(py)(Cl) (py = pyridine) in the acetonitrile (AN)-water solvent mixture. The electrochemical properties of Co(dmgBF2)2 in pure AN and pure water were also considered for comparison to reveal the key roles of the solvent on the catalytic reaction. In agreement with previous studies, hydrogen production pathways starting from reduction of the resting state of CoII and involving formation of the CoIIIH and CoIIH intermediates are the favorable ones for both bimetallic and monometallic pathways. However, we found that in pure AN, both the CoIIIH and CoIIH intermediates can react with a proton to produce H2. In the presence of water in the solvent, the reduction of CoIIIH to CoIIH is necessary for the reaction with a proton to occur to form H2. This suggests that it is possible to design catalytic systems by suitably tuning the composition of the AN-water mixture. We also identified the key role of axial coordination of the solvent molecules in affecting the catalytic reaction, which allows further catalyst design strategy. The highest hydride donor ability of Co(dmgH)2(py)(Cl) indicates that this complex displays the best catalytic hydrogen-producing performance among the three cobaloximes studied in this work.
Collapse
|
16
|
Jain R, Mamun AA, Buchanan RM, Kozlowski PM, Grapperhaus CA. Ligand-Assisted Metal-Centered Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution upon Reduction of a Bis(thiosemicarbazonato)Ni(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13486-13493. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Robert M. Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Pawel M. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Craig A. Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antuch M, Millet P. Approach to the Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyzed by a Model Co Clathrochelate: A Theoretical Study by Density Functional Theory. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2549-2558. [PMID: 29924920 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has attracted much attention within the scientific community because of increasing demands of modern society for clean and renewable energy sources. Molecular complexes of 3d-transition metals, such as cobalt, hold potential to replace platinum for the HER in acidic media. Among these, cage complexes such as tris-glyoximate metal clathrochelates, have demonstrated promising catalytic properties towards the HER. However, it is not clear whether the catalytic activity of this molecule stems from metal-centered activation of H+ , due to a low oxidation state of the metal stabilized by the surrounding organic cage, or if it is the organic cage playing a further cooperative role in bringing protons together. Herein, we report on a density functional theory study of two possible mechanisms for the HER catalyzed by a model Co clathrochelate. To assess the putative ligand involvement in the mechanism, several combinations of single and double protonation sites were investigated. The structural and energetic analysis of relevant intermediates suggests that the electrocatalytic mechanism is not based on the cooperation between the ligand and the metal. Instead, it is mainly due to the activation of H+ by the Co metallocenter. Our calculations further suggest that the last step in the mechanism is a proton coupled electron transfer step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Antuch
- Équipe de Recherche et d'Innovation en Électrochimie pour L'Énergie (ERIEE) Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Millet
- Équipe de Recherche et d'Innovation en Électrochimie pour L'Énergie (ERIEE) Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Mondol R, Otten E. Reactivity of Two-Electron-Reduced Boron Formazanate Compounds with Electrophiles: Facile N-H/N-C Bond Homolysis Due to the Formation of Stable Ligand Radicals. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9720-9727. [PMID: 29446931 PMCID: PMC6106049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The reactivity of
a boron complex with a redox-active formazanate ligand, LBPh2 [L = PhNNC(p-tol)NNPh], was studied. Two-electron
reduction of this main-group complex generates the stable, nucleophilic
dianion [LBPh2]2–, which reacts with
the electrophiles BnBr and H2O to form products that derive
from ligand benzylation and protonation, respectively. The resulting
complexes are anionic boron analogues of leucoverdazyls. N–C
and N–H bond homolysis of these compounds was studied by exchange
NMR spectroscopy and kinetic experiments. The weak N–C and
N–H bonds in these systems derive from the stability of the
resulting borataverdazyl radical, in which the unpaired electron is
delocalized over the four N atoms in the ligand backbone. We thus
demonstrate the ability of this system to take up two electrons and
an electrophile (E+ = Bn+, H+) in
a process that takes place on the organic ligand. In addition, we
show that the [2e–/E+] stored on the
ligand can be converted to E• radicals, reactivity
that has implications in energy storage applications such as hydrogen
evolution. A boron complex with a redox-active
formazanate ligand in its two-electron-reduced state is shown to react
with electrophiles (BnBr and H+). The resulting “borataleucoverdazyl”
products have weak N−C and N−H bonds; homolytic cleavage
reactions lead to stable ligand-based radicals. Thus, the accumulation
of [2e−/E+] on the formazanate ligand
and conversion to E• radicals are demonstrated,
and their potential relevance in energy-related electrocatalysis (e.g.,
proton reduction) is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Mondol
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Virca CN, Lohmolder JR, Tsang JB, Davis MM, McCormick TM. Effect of Ligand Modification on the Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Ni(pyridinethiolate)3– Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3057-3065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. N. Virca
- Portland State University, 1825 Southwest Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - J. R. Lohmolder
- Portland State University, 1825 Southwest Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - J. B. Tsang
- Portland State University, 1825 Southwest Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - M. M. Davis
- Portland State University, 1825 Southwest Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - T. M. McCormick
- Portland State University, 1825 Southwest Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Haddad AZ, Cronin SP, Mashuta MS, Buchanan RM, Grapperhaus CA. Metal-Assisted Ligand-Centered Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution upon Reduction of a Bis(thiosemicarbazonato)Cu(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11254-11265. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Haddad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Steve P. Cronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Mark S. Mashuta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Robert M. Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Craig A. Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang H, Brothers EN, Hall MB. The Distinctive Electronic Structures of Rhenium Tris(thiolate) Complexes, an Unexpected Contrast to the Valence Isoelectronic Ruthenium Tris(thiolate) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:583-593. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | | | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Johnston RC, Zhou J, Smith JC, Parks JM. Toward Quantitatively Accurate Calculation of the Redox-Associated Acid-Base and Ligand Binding Equilibria of Aquacobalamin. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7307-18. [PMID: 27391132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Redox processes in complex transition metal-containing species are often intimately associated with changes in ligand protonation states and metal coordination number. A major challenge is therefore to develop consistent computational approaches for computing pH-dependent redox and ligand dissociation properties of organometallic species. Reduction of the Co center in the vitamin B12 derivative aquacobalamin can be accompanied by ligand dissociation, protonation, or both, making these properties difficult to compute accurately. We examine this challenge here by using density functional theory and continuum solvation to compute Co-ligand binding equilibrium constants (Kon/off), pKas, and reduction potentials for models of aquacobalamin in aqueous solution. We consider two models for cobalamin ligand coordination: the first follows the hexa, penta, tetra coordination scheme for Co(III), Co(II), and Co(I) species, respectively, and the second model features saturation of each vacant axial coordination site on Co(II) and Co(I) species with a single, explicit water molecule to maintain six directly interacting ligands or water molecules in each oxidation state. Comparing these two coordination schemes in combination with five dispersion-corrected density functionals, we find that the accuracy of the computed properties is largely independent of the scheme used, but including only a continuum representation of the solvent yields marginally better results than saturating the first solvation shell around Co throughout. PBE performs best, displaying balanced accuracy and superior performance overall, with RMS errors of 80 mV for seven reduction potentials, 2.0 log units for five pKas and 2.3 log units for two log Kon/off values for the aquacobalamin system. Furthermore, we find that the BP86 functional commonly used in corrinoid studies suffers from erratic behavior and inaccurate descriptions of Co-axial ligand binding, leading to substantial errors in predicted pKas and Kon/off values. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the present approach for computing electrochemical and thermodynamic properties of a complex transition metal-containing cofactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryne C Johnston
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
| | | | | | - Jerry M Parks
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fogeron T, Porcher JP, Gomez-Mingot M, Todorova TK, Chamoreau LM, Mellot-Draznieks C, Li Y, Fontecave M. A cobalt complex with a bioinspired molybdopterin-like ligand: a catalyst for hydrogen evolution. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14754-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt complex using a bioinspired ligand, that mimics the molybdopterin cofactor, displays very good activity for electrochemical proton reduction in terms of turnover frequency, faradic yields and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Fogeron
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR 8229 CNRS
- Collège de France
- Université Paris 6
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Jean-Philippe Porcher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR 8229 CNRS
- Collège de France
- Université Paris 6
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Maria Gomez-Mingot
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR 8229 CNRS
- Collège de France
- Université Paris 6
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Tanya K. Todorova
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR 8229 CNRS
- Collège de France
- Université Paris 6
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Lise-Marie Chamoreau
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Université Paris 6
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR 8232 CNRS
- 75252 Paris Cedex 5
| | - Caroline Mellot-Draznieks
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR 8229 CNRS
- Collège de France
- Université Paris 6
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Yun Li
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR 8229 CNRS
- Collège de France
- Université Paris 6
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR 8229 CNRS
- Collège de France
- Université Paris 6
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ye K, Li YY, Liao RZ. DFT study of the mechanism of hydrogen evolution catalysed by molecular Ni, Co and Fe catalysts containing a diamine–tripyridine ligand. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolysis of water to obtain hydrogen is a practical way to transform surplus electrical power into clean and sustainable hydrogen fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|