1
|
Möllers PV, Urban AJ, De Feyter S, Yamamoto HM, Zacharias H. Probing the Roles of Temperature and Cooperative Effects in Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity: Photoelectron Spin Polarization in Helical Tetrapyrroles. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9620-9629. [PMID: 39277813 PMCID: PMC11440600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the roles of molecular vibrations and intermolecular interactions in the mechanism underlying chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) in monolayers of helical tetrapyrrole (TPBT) molecules. The spin polarization of photoelectrons emitted from TPBT-functionalized Cu(111) surfaces was measured as a function of the temperature and the surface coverage. We employed DFT calculations to determine the energy and temperature-dependent population of vibrational modes which vary either the molecular pitch and/or the molecular radius. In combination, the data demonstrate that molecular vibrations do not play a significant role for CISS in the TPBT layers. Submonolayer coverages were created by gradual thermal desorption of the molecules from the surface during the spin polarization measurements. While the spin polarization scales nonlinearly with the surface coverage, this behavior can be rationalized entirely through changes of the photoelectron yield upon surface functionalization, and therefore represents no evidence for cooperative effects involved in CISS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V. Möllers
- Center for
Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Adrian J. Urban
- Institute
for Molecular Science, Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Division of Functional Molecular Systems, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture 444-8585, Japan
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi M. Yamamoto
- Institute
for Molecular Science, Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Division of Functional Molecular Systems, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture 444-8585, Japan
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center for
Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Day PN, Pachter R, Nguyen KA, Hong G. Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity: Analysis of Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5475-5486. [PMID: 38888590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), which was demonstrated in several molecular and material systems, has drawn much interest recently. The phenomenon, described in electron transport by the difference in the transport rate of electrons of opposite spins through a chiral system, is however not fully understood. Herein, we employed density functional theory in conjunction with spin-orbit coupling to evaluate the percent spin-polarization in a device setup with finite electrodes at zero bias, using an electron transport program developed in-house. To study the interface effects and the level of theory considered, we investigated a helical oligopeptide chain, an intrinsically chiral gold cluster, and a helicene model system that was previously studied (Zöllner et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 7357-7371). We find that the magnitude of the spin-polarization depends on the chiral system-electrode interface that is modeled by varying the interface boundary between the system's regions, on the method of calculating spin-orbit coupling, and on the exchange-correlation functional, e.g., the amount of exact exchange in the hybrid functionals. In addition, to assess the effects of bias, we employ the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism in the Quantum Atomistix Toolkit program, showing that the spin-flip terms could be important in calculating the CISS effect. Although understanding CISS in comparison to experiment is still not resolved, our study provides intrinsic responses from first-principles calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Day
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Kiet A Nguyen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Gongyi Hong
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Wu R, Fu HH. Persistent Chirality-Induced Spin-Selectivity Effect in Circular Helix Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6210-6217. [PMID: 38709107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the dynamics of the nonequilibrium transport process, and the breaking of time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries have been regarded as key factors for the emergence of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) and chirality-dependent spin currents in helix molecules. In this work, we demonstrated the generation of persistent CISS currents in various circular single-stranded DNAs and 310-helix proteins for the first time, regardless of whether an external magnetic flux is applied or not. This new CISS effect presents only in equilibrium transport processes, distinct from the traditional CISS observed in nonequilibrium transport processes and linear helix molecules; we term it as the PCISS effect. Notably, PCISS manifests irrespective of whether the SOC is chirality-driven or stems from heavy-metal substrates, making it an efficient way to generate chirality-locked pure spin currents. Our research establishes a novel paradigm for examining the underlying physics of the CISS effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Hua-Hua Fu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bian X, Subotnik JE. Spin-Dependent Stereochemistry: A Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics Case Study of S + H 2 → SH + H Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3434-3440. [PMID: 38507592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We study the spin-dependent stereodynamics of the S + H2 → SH + H reaction by using full-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations with zero total nuclear angular momentum along the triplet 3A″ states and singlet 1A' states. We find that the interplay between the electronic spin direction and the molecular geometry has a measurable influence on the singlet-triplet intersystem crossing reaction probabilities. Our results show that for some incident scattering angles in the body-fixed frame, the relative difference in intersystem crossing reaction probabilities (as determined between spin up and spin down initial states) can be as large as 15%. Our findings are an ab initio demonstration of spin-dependent nonadiabatic dynamics, which we hope will shine light as far as understanding the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eckvahl HJ, Tcyrulnikov NA, Chiesa A, Bradley JM, Young RM, Carretta S, Krzyaniak MD, Wasielewski MR. Direct observation of chirality-induced spin selectivity in electron donor-acceptor molecules. Science 2023; 382:197-201. [PMID: 37824648 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of chirality in determining the spin dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer in donor-acceptor molecules remains an open question. Although chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been demonstrated in molecules bound to substrates, experimental information about whether this process influences spin dynamics in the molecules themselves is lacking. Here we used time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that CISS strongly influences the spin dynamics of isolated covalent donor-chiral bridge-acceptor (D-Bχ-A) molecules in which selective photoexcitation of D is followed by two rapid, sequential electron-transfer events to yield D•+-Bχ-A•-. Exploiting this phenomenon affords the possibility of using chiral molecular building blocks to control electron spin states in quantum information applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Nikolai A Tcyrulnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jillian M Bradley
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Climent C, Schelter EJ, Waldeck DH, Vinogradov SA, Subotnik JE. On the circularly polarized luminescence of individual triplet sublevels. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:134304. [PMID: 37791627 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss the possibility of using circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) as a tool to probe individual triplet spin sublevels that are populated nonadiabatically following photoexcitation. This study is motivated by a mechanism proposed for chirality-induced spin selectivity in which coupled electronic-nuclear dynamics may lead to a non-statistical population of the three triplet sublevels in chiral systems. We find that low-temperature CPL should aid in quantifying the exact spin state/s populated through coupled electronic-nuclear motion in chiral molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Climent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Eric J Schelter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García-Blázquez MA, Dednam W, Palacios JJ. Nonequilibrium Magneto-Conductance as a Manifestation of Spin Filtering in Chiral Nanojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7931-7939. [PMID: 37646507 PMCID: PMC10494227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that spin-dependent electron transmission may appear in chiral systems, even without magnetic components, as long as significant spin-orbit coupling is present in some of its elements. However, how this chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) manifests in experiments, where the system is taken out of equilibrium, is still debated. Aided by group theoretical considerations and nonequilibrium DFT-based quantum transport calculations, here we show that when spatial symmetries that forbid a finite spin polarization in equilibrium are broken, a net spin accumulation appears at finite bias in an arbitrary two-terminal nanojunction. Furthermore, when a suitably magnetized detector is introduced into the system, the net spin accumulation, in turn, translates into a finite magneto-conductance. The symmetry prerequisites are mostly analogous to those for the spin polarization at any bias with the vectorial nature given by the direction of magnetization, hence establishing an interconnection between these quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. García-Blázquez
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - W. Dednam
- Department
of Physics, Science Campus, University of
South Africa, Florida
Park, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - J. J. Palacios
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang FY, Liu S, Huang A, Li YN, Liu XY, Zhang P. A Theoretical Analysis of the Differential Chemical Reaction Results Caused by Chirality Induction. Molecules 2023; 28:6286. [PMID: 37687114 PMCID: PMC10489138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The theory of electron spin has been proposed for a century, but the study of quantum effects in biological molecules is still in its infancy. Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is a very modern theory that can explain many biochemical phenomena. In this paper, we propose a new theoretical model based on CISS theory and quantum chemistry theory, which can well explain the theoretical explanation of the chiral selectivity of chiral proteins. Moreover, this theory can predict the spin state of corresponding chiral molecules. Taking the L-DOPA and AADC enzymes as examples, this theoretical model elucidates the AADC enzyme's chiral catalysis selectivity and successfully predicts the spin state of L-DOPA and D-DOPA's valence electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yu Zhang
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Sicheng Liu
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Anwei Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, China;
| | - Yi-Ning Li
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (X.-Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu Y, Mi W. Chiral-induced spin selectivity in biomolecules, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites and inorganic materials: a comprehensive review on recent progress. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1924-1955. [PMID: 36989068 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The two spin states of electrons are degenerate in nonmagnetic materials. The chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect provides a new strategy for manipulating electron's spin and a deeper understanding of spin selective processes in organisms. Here, we summarize the important discoveries and recent experiments performed during the development of the CISS effect, analyze the spin polarized transport in various types of materials and discuss the mechanisms, theoretical calculations, experimental techniques and biological significance of the CISS effect. The first part of this review concisely presents a general overview of the discoveries and importance of the CISS effect, laws and underlying mechanisms of which are discussed in the next section, where several classical experimental methods for detecting the CISS effect are also introduced. Based on the organic and inorganic properties of materials, the CISS effect of organic biomolecules, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites and inorganic materials are reviewed in the third, fourth and fifth sections, especially the chiral transfer mechanism of hybrid materials and the relationship between the CISS effect and life science. In addition, conclusions and prospective future of the CISS effect are outlined at the end, where the development and applications of the CISS effect in spintronics are directly described, which is helpful for designing promising chiral spintronic devices and understanding the natural status of chirality from a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huisman KH, Heinisch JBMY, Thijssen JM. Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) Effect: Magnetocurrent-Voltage Characteristics with Coulomb Interactions I. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:6900-6905. [PMID: 37081995 PMCID: PMC10108364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the manifestations of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is the appearance of a magnetocurrent. Magnetocurrent is the observation that the charge currents at finite bias in a two terminal device for opposite magnetizations of one of the leads differ. Magnetocurrents can only occur in the presence of interactions of the electrons either with vibrational modes or among themselves through the Coulomb interaction. In experiments on chiral molecules assembled in monolayers, the magnetocurrent seems to be dominantly cubic (odd) in bias voltage while theory finds a dominantly even bias voltage dependence. Thus far, theoretical work has predicted a magnetocurrent which is even bias. Here we analyze the bias voltage dependence of the magnetocurrent numerically and analytically involving the spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions (through the Hartree-Fock and Hubbard One approximations). For both approximations it is found that for strong Coulomb interactions the magnetocurrent is dominantly odd in bias voltage, confirming the symmetry observed in experiment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Thanh Phuc N. Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity in Photon-Coupled Achiral Matters. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1626-1632. [PMID: 36750980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral-induced spin selectivity is a phenomenon in which electron spins are polarized as they are transported through chiral molecules, and the spin polarization depends on the handedness of the chiral molecule. In this study, we show that spin selectivity can be realized in achiral materials by strongly coupling electrons to a circularly polarized mode of an optical cavity or waveguide. Through the investigation of spin-dependent electron transport in a two-terminal setup using the nonequilibrium Green's function approach, it is found that a large spin polarization can be obtained if the rate of dephasing is sufficiently small and the average chemical potential of the two leads is within an appropriate range of values, which is narrow because of the high frequency of the optical mode. To obtain a wider range of energies for a large spin polarization, chiral molecules can be combined with light-matter interactions. To demonstrate this, the spin polarization of electrons transported through a helical molecule strongly coupled to a circularly polarized optical mode is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Phuc
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naskar S, Mujica V, Herrmann C. Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity and Non-equilibrium Spin Accumulation in Molecules and Interfaces: A First-Principles Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:694-701. [PMID: 36638217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrons moving through chiral molecules are selected according to their spin orientation and the helicity of the molecule, an effect known as chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS). The underlying physical mechanism is not yet completely understood. To help elucidate this mechanism, a non-equilibrium Green's function method, combined with a Landauer approach and density functional theory, is applied to carbon helices contacted by gold electrodes, resulting in spin polarization of transmitted electrons. Spin polarization is also observed in the non-equilibrium electronic structure of the junctions. While this spin polarization is small, its sign changes with the direction of the current and with the handedness of the molecule. While these calculations were performed with a pure exchange-correlation functional, previous studies suggest that computationally more expensive hybrid functionals may lead to considerably larger spin polarization in the electronic structure. Thus, non-equilibrium spin polarization could be a key component in understanding the CISS mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Building 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center, Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Building 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Utsumi Y, Kato T, Entin‐Wohlman O, Aharony A. Spin‐Filtering in a
p
‐Orbital Helical Atomic Chain. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Utsumi
- Department of Physics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mie University Tsu Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Takemitsu Kato
- Department of Physics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mie University Tsu Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Ora Entin‐Wohlman
- School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Amnon Aharony
- School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fransson J. The Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity Effect What It Is, What It Is Not, And Why It Matters. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Fransson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516, 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Möllers PV, Göhler B, Zacharias H. Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity – the Photoelectron View. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V. Möllers
- Center for Soft Nanoscience University of Münster Busso-Peus-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Benjamin Göhler
- Center for Soft Nanoscience University of Münster Busso-Peus-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center for Soft Nanoscience University of Münster Busso-Peus-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naskar S, Saghatchi A, Mujica V, Herrmann C. Common Trends of Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity and Optical Dichroism with Varying Helix Pitch: A First‐Principles Study. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Naskar
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610 Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Aida Saghatchi
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610 Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School for Molecular Science Arizona State University Arizona, U.S.A
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610 Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Janitz E, Herb K, Völker LA, Huxter WS, Degen CL, Abendroth JM. Diamond surface engineering for molecular sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:13533-13569. [PMID: 36324301 PMCID: PMC9521415 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc01258h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensing using optically addressable atomic-scale defects, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, provides new opportunities for sensitive and highly localized characterization of chemical functionality. Notably, near-surface defects facilitate detection of the minute magnetic fields generated by nuclear or electron spins outside of the diamond crystal, such as those in chemisorbed and physisorbed molecules. However, the promise of NV centers is hindered by a severe degradation of critical sensor properties, namely charge stability and spin coherence, near surfaces (< ca. 10 nm deep). Moreover, applications in the chemical sciences require methods for covalent bonding of target molecules to diamond with robust control over density, orientation, and binding configuration. This forward-looking Review provides a survey of the rapidly converging fields of diamond surface science and NV-center physics, highlighting their combined potential for quantum sensing of molecules. We outline the diamond surface properties that are advantageous for NV-sensing applications, and discuss strategies to mitigate deleterious effects while simultaneously providing avenues for chemical attachment. Finally, we present an outlook on emerging applications in which the unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution of NV-based sensing could provide unique insight into chemically functionalized surfaces at the single-molecule level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Janitz
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Herb
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Laura A Völker
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - William S Huxter
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christian L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - John M Abendroth
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dubi Y. Spinterface chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in bio-molecules. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10878-10883. [PMID: 36320704 PMCID: PMC9491198 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, namely the dependence of current through a chiral molecule on spin of the electron, was discovered over two decades ago, and has been suggested for various spin- and chirality-related applications. Yet, quite surprisingly, its physical origin remains elusive, and no theoretical description can quantitatively describe it. Here, we propose a theory for the CISS effect in bio-molecular junctions, based on the interplay between spin-orbit coupling in the electrodes, molecular chirality and spin-transfer torque across the electrode-molecule interface. This theory leads to the first ever quantitative analysis of experimental data, and provides insights into the origin of the CISS effect. The theory presented here can be used to analyze past experiments and to design new experiments, which may lead to deeper understanding of what is considered one of the outstanding problems in molecular electronics and nano-scale transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Dubi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva Israel 8410501
- Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva Israel 8410501
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shang Z, Liu T, Yang Q, Cui S, Xu K, Zhang Y, Deng J, Zhai T, Wang X. Chiral-Molecule-Based Spintronic Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203015. [PMID: 35836101 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spintronics and molecular chemistry have achieved remarkable achievements separately. Their combination can apply the superiority of molecular diversity to intervene or manipulate the spin-related properties. It inevitably brings in a new type of functional devices with a molecular interface, which has become an emerging field in information storage and processing. Normally, spin polarization has to be realized by magnetic materials as manipulated by magnetic fields. Recently, chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) was discovered surprisingly that non-magnetic chiral molecules can generate spin polarization through their structural chirality. Here, the recent progress of integrating the strengths of molecular chemistry and spintronics is reviewed by introducing the experimental results, theoretical models, and device performances of the CISS effect. Compared to normal ferromagnetic metals, CISS originating from a chiral structure has great advantages of high spin polarization, excellent interface, simple preparation process, and low cost. It has the potential to obtain high efficiency of spin injection into metals and semiconductors, getting rid of magnetic fields and ferromagnetic electrodes. The physical mechanisms, unique advantages, and device performances of CISS are sequentially clarified, revealing important issues to current scientific research and industrial applications. This mini-review points out a key technology of information storage for future spintronic devices without magnetic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Shang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Tianhan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Shuainan Cui
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiang Deng
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Geyer M, Gutierrez R, Mujica V, Silva JFR, Dianat A, Cuniberti G. The contribution of intermolecular spin interactions to the London dispersion forces between chiral molecules. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:234106. [PMID: 35732515 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersion interactions are one of the components of van der Waals (vdW) forces that play a key role in the understanding of intermolecular interactions in many physical, chemical, and biological processes. The theory of dispersion forces was developed by London in the early years of quantum mechanics. However, it was only in the 1960s that it was recognized that for molecules lacking an inversion center, such as chiral and helical molecules, there are chirality-sensitive corrections to the dispersion forces proportional to the rotatory power known from the theory of circular dichroism and with the same distance scaling law R-6 as the London energy. The discovery of the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in recent years has led to an additional twist in the study of chiral molecular systems, showing a close relation between spin and molecular geometry. Motivated by it, we propose in this investigation to describe the mutual induction of charge and spin-density fluctuations in a pair A-B of chiral molecules by a simple physical model. The model assumes that the same fluctuating electric fields responsible for vdW forces can induce a magnetic response via a Rashba-like term so that a spin-orbit field acting on molecule B is generated by the electric field arising from charge density fluctuations in molecule A (and vice versa). Within a second-order perturbative approach, these contributions manifest as an effective intermolecular exchange interaction. Although expected to be weaker than the standard London forces, these interactions display the same R-6 distance scaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Geyer
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - V Mujica
- Arizona State University, School of Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - J F Rivas Silva
- Instituto de Física Luis Rivera Terrazas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J48, Col. San Manuel, Puebla Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - A Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - G Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Aiello CD, Abendroth JM, Abbas M, Afanasev A, Agarwal S, Banerjee AS, Beratan DN, Belling JN, Berche B, Botana A, Caram JR, Celardo GL, Cuniberti G, Garcia-Etxarri A, Dianat A, Diez-Perez I, Guo Y, Gutierrez R, Herrmann C, Hihath J, Kale S, Kurian P, Lai YC, Liu T, Lopez A, Medina E, Mujica V, Naaman R, Noormandipour M, Palma JL, Paltiel Y, Petuskey W, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Saenz JJ, Santos EJG, Solyanik-Gorgone M, Sorger VJ, Stemer DM, Ugalde JM, Valdes-Curiel A, Varela S, Waldeck DH, Wasielewski MR, Weiss PS, Zacharias H, Wang QH. A Chirality-Based Quantum Leap. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4989-5035. [PMID: 35318848 PMCID: PMC9278663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the study of chiral degrees of freedom occurring in matter and in electromagnetic fields. Opportunities in quantum sciences will likely exploit two main areas that are the focus of this Review: (1) recent observations of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in chiral molecules and engineered nanomaterials and (2) rapidly evolving nanophotonic strategies designed to amplify chiral light-matter interactions. On the one hand, the CISS effect underpins the observation that charge transport through nanoscopic chiral structures favors a particular electronic spin orientation, resulting in large room-temperature spin polarizations. Observations of the CISS effect suggest opportunities for spin control and for the design and fabrication of room-temperature quantum devices from the bottom up, with atomic-scale precision and molecular modularity. On the other hand, chiral-optical effects that depend on both spin- and orbital-angular momentum of photons could offer key advantages in all-optical and quantum information technologies. In particular, amplification of these chiral light-matter interactions using rationally designed plasmonic and dielectric nanomaterials provide approaches to manipulate light intensity, polarization, and phase in confined nanoscale geometries. Any technology that relies on optimal charge transport, or optical control and readout, including quantum devices for logic, sensing, and storage, may benefit from chiral quantum properties. These properties can be theoretically and experimentally investigated from a quantum information perspective, which has not yet been fully developed. There are uncharted implications for the quantum sciences once chiral couplings can be engineered to control the storage, transduction, and manipulation of quantum information. This forward-looking Review provides a survey of the experimental and theoretical fundamentals of chiral-influenced quantum effects and presents a vision for their possible future roles in enabling room-temperature quantum technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarice D. Aiello
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M. Abendroth
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Muneer Abbas
- Department
of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Andrei Afanasev
- Department
of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Shivang Agarwal
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amartya S. Banerjee
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Departments
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jason N. Belling
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bertrand Berche
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 7019 54506 Vandœuvre les
Nancy, France
| | - Antia Botana
- Department
of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Justin R. Caram
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Giuseppe Luca Celardo
- Institute
of Physics, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma
de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, 72570, Mexico
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aitzol Garcia-Etxarri
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ismael Diez-Perez
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Suneet Kale
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Philip Kurian
- Quantum
Biology Laboratory, Graduate School, Howard
University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School
of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tianhan Liu
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander Lopez
- Escuela
Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, PO Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Departamento
de Física, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Av. Diego de Robles
y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mohammadreza Noormandipour
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- TCM Group,
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Julio L. Palma
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Lemont Furnace, Pennsylvania 15456, United States
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department and the Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - William Petuskey
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - João Carlos Ribeiro-Silva
- Laboratory
of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, 05508-900 São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan José Saenz
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Solyanik-Gorgone
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Volker J. Sorger
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Dominik M. Stemer
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jesus M. Ugalde
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ana Valdes-Curiel
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Solmar Varela
- School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay
Tech University, 100119 Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center
for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Qing Hua Wang
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Du M, Liu X, Xie S. Spin-orbit coupling and the fine optical structure of chiral helical polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9557-9563. [PMID: 35394001 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, it has been recognized that spin and structural spin-orbit coupling (SOC) play important roles in the electro-optical properties of chiral materials. We redefine the spin-dependent current and magnetic moment operators to include chiral-induced SOC in a helical polymer and deduce optical absorption and circular dichroism (CD) formulae. The fine structure in the optical spectra is calculated for a helical polymer described with the tight-binding model. The effects of both the electron orbit and spin on the optical absorption and CD are discussed. Our investigations demonstrate that the synergy between the electron orbit and spin will contribute to higher-sensitivity circularly polarized light (CPL) detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhao Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Shijie Xie
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Evers F, Aharony A, Bar-Gill N, Entin-Wohlman O, Hedegård P, Hod O, Jelinek P, Kamieniarz G, Lemeshko M, Michaeli K, Mujica V, Naaman R, Paltiel Y, Refaely-Abramson S, Tal O, Thijssen J, Thoss M, van Ruitenbeek JM, Venkataraman L, Waldeck DH, Yan B, Kronik L. Theory of Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity: Progress and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106629. [PMID: 35064943 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A critical overview of the theory of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, that is, phenomena in which the chirality of molecular species imparts significant spin selectivity to various electron processes, is provided. Based on discussions in a recently held workshop, and further work published since, the status of CISS effects-in electron transmission, electron transport, and chemical reactions-is reviewed. For each, a detailed discussion of the state-of-the-art in theoretical understanding is provided and remaining challenges and research opportunities are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Amnon Aharony
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Nir Bar-Gill
- Department of Applied Physics, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ora Entin-Wohlman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Per Hedegård
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Nanosurf Lab, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, CZ 162 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Karen Michaeli
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 7610001, Israel
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department of Applied Physics, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Sivan Refaely-Abramson
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Jos Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan M van Ruitenbeek
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden, 2333 CA, Netherlands
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 7610001, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fransson J. Charge and Spin Dynamics and Enantioselectivity in Chiral Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:808-814. [PMID: 35068158 PMCID: PMC8802319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Charge and spin dynamics are addressed in chiral molecules immediately after their instantaneous coupling to an external metallic reservoir. This work describes how a spin polarization is induced in the chiral structure as a response to the charge dynamics. The dynamics indicate that chiral induced spin selectivity is an excited state phenomenon that in the transient regime can be partly captured using a simplistic single-particle description but in the stationary limit definitively shows that electron correlations, e.g., electron-vibration interactions, crucially contribute to sustain an intrinsic spin anisotropy that can lead to a nonvanishing spin selectivity. The dynamics, moreover, provide insight into enantiomer separation, due to different acquired spin polarizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Fransson
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
López A, Varela S, Medina E. Radiation modulated spin coupling in a double-stranded DNA model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:135301. [PMID: 34991081 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac48c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The spin activity in macromolecules such as DNA and oligopeptides, in the context of the chiral induced spin selectivity has been proposed to be due to the atomic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the associated chiral symmetry of the structures. This coupling, associated with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in biological molecules, albeit small (meV), can be enhanced by the geometry, and strong local polarization effects such as hydrogen bonding. A novel way to manipulate the spin degree of freedom is by modifying the spectrum using a coupling to the appropriate electromagnetic radiation field. Here we use the Floquet formalism in order to show how the half filled band Hamiltonian for DNA, can be modulated by the radiation to produce up to a tenfold increase of the effective SOC once the intrinsic coupling is present. On the other hand, the chiral model, once incorporating the orbital angular momentum of electron motion on the helix, opens a gap for different helicity states (helicity splitting) that chooses spin polarization according to transport direction and chirality, without breaking time reversal symmetry. The observed effects are feasible in physically reasonable parameter ranges for the radiation field amplitude and frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander López
- Departamento de Física, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, PO Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Solmar Varela
- Theoretical Condensed Matter Group, School of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119-Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Departamento de Física, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, 170901, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang CZ, Mujica V, Lai YC. Spin Fano Resonances in Chiral Molecules: An Alternative Mechanism for the CISS Effect and Experimental Implications. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10423-10430. [PMID: 34846905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on spin transport through a chiral molecule demonstrated the attainment of significant spin polarization, demanding a theoretical explanation. We report the emergence of spin Fano resonances as a mechanism in the chiral-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect associated with transport through a chiral polyacetylene molecule. Initializing electrons through optical excitation, we derive the Fano resonance formula for the spin polarization. Computations reveal that quasidegeneracy is common in this complex molecular system. A remarkable phenomenon is the generation of pronounced spin Fano resonances due to the contributions of two near-degeneracy states. We also find that the Fano resonance width increases linearly with the coupling strength between the molecule and the lead. Our findings provide another mechanism to explain the experimental observations and lead to new insights into the role of the CISS effect in complex molecules from the perspective of transport and spin polarization resonance, paving the way for chiral molecule-based spintronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhen Wang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85 287, United States
- Kimika FakultateaEuskal Herriko Unibertsitatea20080DonostiaEuskadiSpain
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85 287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huisman KH, Thijssen JM. CISS Effect: A Magnetoresistance Through Inelastic Scattering. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:23364-23369. [PMID: 34737840 PMCID: PMC8558858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the manifestations of chirality-induced spin selectivity is the magnetoresistance (MR) in two-terminal transport measurements on molecular junctions. This paper investigates the effect of spin-orbit coupling in the leads on the polarization of the transmission. A helicene molecule between two gold contacts is studied using a tight binding model. To study the occurrence of MR, which is prohibited in coherent transport, as a consequence of the Büttiker reciprocity, we add Büttiker probes to the system in order to incorporate inelastic scattering effects. We show that for a strict two-terminal system without inelastic scattering, the MR is strictly zero in the linear and nonlinear regimes. We show that for a two-terminal system with inelastic scattering, a nonzero MR does appear in the nonlinear regime, reaching values of the order of 0.1%. Our calculations show that for a two-terminal system respecting time-reversal symmetry and charge conservation, a nonzero MR can only be obtained through inelastic scattering. However, spin-orbit coupling in the leads in combination with inelastic scattering modeled with the Büttiker probe method cannot explain the magnitude of the MR measured in experiments.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The spin-dependent propagation of electrons in helical nanowires is investigated. We show that the interplay of spin angular momentum and nanowire chirality, under spin-orbit interaction, lifts the symmetry between left and right propagating electrons, giving rise to a velocity asymmetry. The study is based on a microscopic tight-binding model that takes into account the spin-orbit interaction. The continuity equation for the spin-dependent probability density is derived, including the spin nonconserving terms, and quantum dynamics calculations are performed to obtain the electron propagation dynamics. The calculations are applied to the inorganic double-helix SnIP, a quasi-1D material that constitutes a semiconductor with a band gap of ∼1.9 eV. The results, nevertheless, have general validity due to symmetry considerations. The relation of the propagation velocity asymmetry with the phenomena ascribed to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Hoff
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Rego
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Garcia AM, Martínez G, Ruiz-Carretero A. The Importance of Spin State in Chiral Supramolecular Electronics. Front Chem 2021; 9:722727. [PMID: 34422770 PMCID: PMC8371180 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.722727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of spintronics explores how magnetic fields can influence the properties of organic and inorganic materials by controlling their electron’s spins. In this sense, organic materials are very attractive since they have small spin-orbit coupling, allowing long-range spin-coherence over times and distances longer than in conventional metals or semiconductors. Usually, the small spin-orbit coupling means that organic materials cannot be used for spin injection, requiring ferromagnetic electrodes. However, chiral molecules have been demonstrated to behave as spin filters upon light illumination in the phenomenon described as chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. This means that electrons of certain spin can go through chiral assemblies of molecules preferentially in one direction depending on their handedness. This is possible because the lack of inversion symmetry in chiral molecules couples with the electron’s spin and its linear momentum so the molecules transmit the one preferred spin. In this respect, chiral semiconductors have great potential in the field of organic electronics since when charge carriers are created, a preferred spin could be transmitted through a determined handedness structure. The exploration of the CISS effect in chiral supramolecular semiconductors could add greatly to the efforts made by the organic electronics community since charge recombination could be diminished and charge transport improved when the spins are preferentially guided in one specific direction. This review outlines the advances in supramolecular chiral semiconductors regarding their spin state and its influence on the final electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Garcia
- Institute Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabriel Martínez
- Institute Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chiesa A, Chizzini M, Garlatti E, Salvadori E, Tacchino F, Santini P, Tavernelli I, Bittl R, Chiesa M, Sessoli R, Carretta S. Assessing the Nature of Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity by Magnetic Resonance. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6341-6347. [PMID: 34228926 PMCID: PMC8397348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS), resulting from charge transport through helical systems, has recently inspired many experimental and theoretical efforts but is still the object of intense debate. In order to assess the nature of CISS, we propose to focus on electron-transfer processes occurring at the single-molecule level. We design simple magnetic resonance experiments, exploiting a qubit as a highly sensitive and coherent magnetic sensor, to provide clear signatures of the acceptor polarization. Moreover, we show that information could even be obtained from time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance experiments on a randomly oriented solution of molecules. The proposed experiments will unveil the role of chiral linkers in electron transfer and could also be exploited for quantum computing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Chiesa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M. Chizzini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E. Garlatti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E. Salvadori
- Dipartimento
di Chimica & NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria
7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F. Tacchino
- IBM
Quantum, IBM Research—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - P. Santini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - I. Tavernelli
- IBM
Quantum, IBM Research—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - R. Bittl
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Chiesa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica & NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria
7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R. Sessoli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S. Carretta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR
Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma J, Wang H, Li D. Recent Progress of Chiral Perovskites: Materials, Synthesis, and Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008785. [PMID: 34028888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chiral materials with intrinsic inversion-symmetric structures possess many unique physicochemical features, including circular dichroism, circularly polarized photoluminescence, nonlinear optics, ferroelectricity, and spintronics. Halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties, which are particularly suitable for realizing high power-conversion efficiency in solar cells. Recent studies have shown that chirality can be transferred from chiral organic ligands into halide perovskites and the resultant chiral perovskites combine the advantages of both chiral materials and halide perovskites; this provides an ideal platform to design next-generation optoelectronic and spintronic devices. In this progress report, the most recent advances are summarized in various chemical structures of chiral perovskites, their synthesis strategies, chirality generation mechanisms, and physical properties. Furthermore, the potential chiral-halide-perovskite-based applications are presented and the challenges and prospects of chiral perovskites are discussed. This report outlines the diverse construction strategies of and proposes research directions for chiral halide perovskites; thus, it provides insights into the design of novel chiral perovskites and facilitates investigation of the optoelectronic applications that employ chirality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ma
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dehui Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu Y, Subotnik JE. Semiclassical description of nuclear dynamics moving through complex-valued single avoided crossings of two electronic states. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:234101. [PMID: 34241259 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) approach fails to model nonadiabatic dynamics when the electronic Hamiltonian is complex-valued and there are multiple nuclear dimensions; FSSH does not include geometric magnetic effects and does not have access to a gauge independent direction for momentum rescaling. In this paper, for the case of a Hamiltonian with two electronic states, we propose an extension of Tully's FSSH algorithm, which includes geometric magnetic forces and, through diabatization, establishes a well-defined rescaling direction. When combined with a decoherence correction, our new algorithm shows satisfying results for a model set of two-dimensional single avoided crossings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Xiao J, Koo J, Yan B. Chirality-driven topological electronic structure of DNA-like materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:638-644. [PMID: 33558719 PMCID: PMC7610709 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Topological aspects of the geometry of DNA and similar chiral molecules have received a lot of attention, but the topology of their electronic structure is less explored. Previous experiments revealed that DNA can efficiently filter spin-polarized electrons between metal contacts, a process called chiral-induced spin selectivity. However, the underlying correlation between chiral structure and electronic spin remains elusive. In this work, we reveal an orbital texture in the band structure, a topological characteristic induced by the chirality. We found that this orbital texture enables the chiral molecule to polarize the quantum orbital. This orbital polarization effect (OPE) induces spin polarization assisted by the spin-orbit interaction of a metal contact and leads to magnetoresistance and chiral separation. The orbital angular momentum of photoelectrons also plays an essential role in related photoemission experiments. Beyond chiral-induced spin selectivity, we predict that the orbital polarization effect could induce spin-selective phenomena even in achiral but inversion-breaking materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Liu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jiewen Xiao
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jahyun Koo
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fransson J. Charge Redistribution and Spin Polarization Driven by Correlation Induced Electron Exchange in Chiral Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3026-3032. [PMID: 33759530 PMCID: PMC8050826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral induced spin selectivity is a phenomenon that has been attributed to chirality, spin-orbit interactions, and nonequilibrium conditions, while the role of electron exchange and correlations have been investigated only marginally until very recently. However, as recent experiments show that chiral molecules acquire a finite spin-polarization merely by being in contact with a metallic surface, these results suggest that electron correlations play a more crucial role for the emergence of the phenomenon than previously thought. Here, it is demonstrated that molecular vibrations give rise to molecular charge redistribution and accompany spin-polarization when coupling a chiral molecule to a nonmagnetic metal. The presented theory opens up new routes to construct a comprehensive picture of enantiomer separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fransson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bian X, Wu Y, Teh HH, Zhou Z, Chen HT, Subotnik JE. Modeling nonadiabatic dynamics with degenerate electronic states, intersystem crossing, and spin separation: A key goal for chemical physics. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:110901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0039371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yanze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hung-Hsuan Teh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hsing-Ta Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Electronic spin separation induced by nuclear motion near conical intersections. Nat Commun 2021; 12:700. [PMID: 33514700 PMCID: PMC7846775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the concept of Berry force was proposed thirty years ago, little is known about the practical consequences of this force as far as chemical dynamics are concerned. Here, we report that when molecular dynamics pass near a conical intersection, a massive Berry force can appear as a result of even a small amount of spin-orbit coupling (<10−3 eV), and this Berry force can in turn dramatically change pathway selection. In particular, for a simple radical reaction with two outgoing reaction channels, an exact quantum scattering solution in two dimensions shows that the presence of a significant Berry force can sometimes lead to spin selectivity as large as 100%. Thus, this article opens the door for organic chemists to start designing spintronic devices that use nuclear motion and conical intersections (combined with standard spin-orbit coupling) in order to achieve spin selection. Vice versa, for physical chemists, this article also emphasizes that future semiclassical simulations of intersystem crossing (which have heretofore ignored Berry force) should be corrected to account for the spin polarization that inevitably arises when dynamics pass near conical intersections. Spin polarization is at the basis of quantum information and underlies some natural processes, but many aspects still need to be explored. Here, the authors, by quantum mechanical computations, show that even a weak spin-orbit coupling near a conical intersection can induce large spin selection, with consequences for spin manipulation in photochemical or electrochemical reactions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Huizi-Rayo U, Gutierrez J, Seco JM, Mujica V, Diez-Perez I, Ugalde JM, Tercjak A, Cepeda J, San Sebastian E. An Ideal Spin Filter: Long-Range, High-Spin Selectivity in Chiral Helicoidal 3-Dimensional Metal Organic Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8476-8482. [PMID: 33170013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An enantiopure, conductive, and paramagnetic crystalline 3-D metal-organic framework (MOF), based on Dy(III) and the l-tartrate chiral ligand, is proved to behave as an almost ideal electron spin filtering material at room temperature, transmitting one spin component only, leading to a spin polarization (SP) power close to 100% in the ±2 V range, which is conserved over a long spatial range, larger than 1 μm in some cases. This impressive spin polarization capacity of this class of nanostructured materials is measured by means of magnetically polarized conductive atomic force microscopy and is attributed to the Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect of the material arising from a multidimensional helicity pattern, the inherited chirality of the organic motive, and the enhancing influence of Dy(III) ions on the CISS effect, with large spin-orbit coupling values. Our results represent the first example of a MOF-based and CISS-effect-mediated spin filtering material that shows a nearly perfect SP. These striking results obtained with our robust and easy-to-synthesize chiral MOFs constitute an important step forward in to improve the performance of spin filtering materials for spintronic device fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uxua Huizi-Rayo
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Junkal Gutierrez
- Group "Materials+Technologies" (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Seco
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ismael Diez-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group "Materials+Technologies" (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Eider San Sebastian
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gandus G, Valli A, Passerone D, Stadler R. Smart local orbitals for efficient calculations within density functional theory and beyond. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194103. [PMID: 33218230 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized basis sets in the projector augmented wave formalism allow for computationally efficient calculations within density functional theory (DFT). However, achieving high numerical accuracy requires an extensive basis set, which also poses a fundamental problem for the interpretation of the results. We present a way to obtain a reduced basis set of atomic orbitals through the subdiagonalization of each atomic block of the Hamiltonian. The resulting local orbitals (LOs) inherit the information of the local crystal field. In the LO basis, it becomes apparent that the Hamiltonian is nearly block-diagonal, and we demonstrate that it is possible to keep only a subset of relevant LOs that provide an accurate description of the physics around the Fermi level. This reduces to some extent the redundancy of the original basis set, and at the same time, it allows one to perform post-processing of DFT calculations, ranging from the interpretation of electron transport to extracting effective tight-binding Hamiltonians, very efficiently and without sacrificing the accuracy of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gandus
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Valli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - D Passerone
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R Stadler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zöllner MS, Saghatchi A, Mujica V, Herrmann C. Influence of Electronic Structure Modeling and Junction Structure on First-Principles Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7357-7371. [PMID: 33167619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a comprehensive study of the influence of electronic structure modeling and junction structure description on the first-principles calculation of the spin polarization in molecular junctions caused by the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. We explore the limits and the sensitivity to modeling decisions of a Landauer/Green's function/two-component density functional theory approach to CISS. We find that although the CISS effect is entirely attributed in the literature to molecular spin filtering, spin-orbit coupling being partially inherited from the metal electrodes plays an important role in our calculations on ideal carbon helices, even though this effect cannot explain the experimental conductance results. Its magnitude depends considerably on the shape, size, and material of the metal clusters modeling the electrodes. Also, a pronounced dependence on the specific description of exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling is manifest in our approach. This is important because the interplay between exchange effects and spin-orbit coupling may play an important role in the description of the junction magnetic response. Our calculations are relevant for the whole field of spin-polarized electron transport and electron transfer, because there is still an open discussion in the literature about the detailed underlying mechanism and the magnitude of physical parameters that need to be included to achieve a consistent description of the CISS effect: seemingly good quantitative agreement between simulation and the experiment can be caused by error compensation, because spin polarization as contained in a Landauer/Green's function/two-component density functional theory approach depends strongly on computational and structural parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aida Saghatchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States.,Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi P.K. 1072, 20080, Spain
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dianat A, Gutierrez R, Alpern H, Mujica V, Ziv A, Yochelis S, Millo O, Paltiel Y, Cuniberti G. Role of Exchange Interactions in the Magnetic Response and Intermolecular Recognition of Chiral Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7077-7086. [PMID: 32786950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The physical origin of the so-called chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect has puzzled experimental and theoretical researchers over the past few years. Early experiments were interpreted in terms of unconventional spin-orbit interactions mediated by the helical geometry. However, more recent experimental studies have clearly revealed that electronic exchange interactions also play a key role in the magnetic response of chiral molecules in singlet states. In this investigation, we use spin-polarized closed-shell density functional theory calculations to address the influence of exchange contributions to the interaction between helical molecules as well as of helical molecules with magnetized substrates. We show that exchange effects result in differences in the interaction properties with magnetized surfaces, shedding light into the possible origin of two recent important experimental results: enantiomer separation and magnetic exchange force microscopy with AFM tips functionalized with helical peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hen Alpern
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Ikerbasque Foundation and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Amir Ziv
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Oded Millo
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kröncke S, Herrmann C. Toward a First-Principles Evaluation of Transport Mechanisms in Molecular Wires. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6267-6279. [PMID: 32886502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding charge transport through molecular wires is important for nanoscale electronics and biochemistry. Our goal is to establish a simple first-principles protocol for predicting the charge transport mechanism in such wires, in particular the crossover from coherent tunneling for short wires to incoherent hopping for longer wires. This protocol is based on a combination of density functional theory with a polarizable continuum model introduced by Kaupp et al. for mixed-valence molecules, which we had previously found to work well for length-dependent charge delocalization in such systems. We combine this protocol with a new charge delocalization measure tailored for molecular wires, and we show that it can predict the tunneling-to-hopping transition length with a maximum error of one subunit in five sets of molecular wires studied experimentally in molecular junctions at room temperature. This suggests that the protocol is also well suited for estimating the extent of hopping sites as relevant, for example, for the intermediate tunneling-hopping regime in DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kröncke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu Y, Miao G, Subotnik JE. Chemical Reaction Rates for Systems with Spin-Orbit Coupling and an Odd Number of Electrons: Does Berry's Phase Lead to Meaningful Spin-Dependent Nuclear Dynamics for a Two State Crossing? J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7355-7372. [PMID: 32869999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Within the context of a simple avoided crossing, we investigate the effect of a complex-valued diabatic coupling in determining spin-dependent rate constants and scattering states. We find that, if the molecular geometry is not linear and the Berry force is not zero, one can find significant spin polarization of the products. This study emphasizes that, when analyzing nonadiabatic reactions with spin orbit coupling (and a complex-valued Hamiltonian), one must consider how Berry force affects nuclear motion-at least in the context of gas phase reactions. Work is currently ongoing as far as extrapolating these conclusions to the condensed phase, where interesting spin selection has been observed in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gaohan Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang X, van der Wal CH, van Wees BJ. Detecting Chirality in Two-Terminal Electronic Nanodevices. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6148-6154. [PMID: 32672980 PMCID: PMC7458476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Central to spintronics is the interconversion between electronic charge and spin currents, and this can arise from the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. CISS is often studied as magnetoresistance (MR) in two-terminal (2T) electronic nanodevices containing a chiral (molecular) component and a ferromagnet. However, fundamental understanding of when and how this MR can occur is lacking. Here, we uncover an elementary mechanism that generates such an MR for nonlinear response. It requires energy-dependent transport and energy relaxation within the device. The sign of the MR depends on chirality, charge carrier type, and bias direction. Additionally, we reveal how CISS can be detected in the linear response regime in magnet-free 2T nanodevices, either by forming a chirality-based spin-valve using two or more chiral components or by Hanle spin precession in devices with a single chiral component. Our results provide operation principles and design guidelines for chirality-based spintronic nanodevices and technologies.
Collapse
|