1
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Luo W, Gu Y, Fu S, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang Y. Emerging opportunities to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Design, discovery, and optimizations of small-molecule drugs targeting fibrogenic pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115762. [PMID: 37683364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common fibrotic form of idiopathic diffuse lung disease. Due to limited treatment options, IPF patients suffer from poor survival. About ten years ago, Pirfenidone (Shionogi, 2008; InterMune, 2011) and Nintedanib (Boehringer Ingelheim, 2014) were approved, greatly changing the direction of IPF drug design. However, limited efficacy and side effects indicate that neither can reverse the process of IPF. With insights into the occurrence of IPF, novel targets and agents have been proposed, which have fundamentally changed the treatment of IPF. With the next-generation agents, targeting pro-fibrotic pathways in the epithelial-injury model offers a promising approach. Besides, several next-generation IPF drugs have entered phase II/III clinical trials with encouraging results. Due to the rising IPF treatment requirements, there is an urgent need to completely summarize the mechanisms, targets, problems, and drug design strategies over the past ten years. In this review, we summarize known mechanisms, target types, drug design, and novel technologies of IPF drug discovery, aiming to provide insights into the future development and clinical application of next-generation IPF drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Luo YL, Li Y, Zhou W, Wang SY, Liu YQ. Inhibition of LPA-LPAR1 and VEGF-VEGFR2 Signaling in IPF Treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2679-2690. [PMID: 37680863 PMCID: PMC10482219 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s415453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex mechanism and limited treatments available for pulmonary fibrosis, the development of targeted drugs or inhibitors based on their molecular mechanisms remains an important strategy for prevention and treatment. In this paper, the downstream signaling pathways mediated by VEGFR and LPAR1 in pulmonary cells and the role of these pathways in pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the current status of drug research on the targets of LPAR1 and VEGFR2, are described. The mechanism by which these two pathways regulate vascular leakage and collagen deposition leading to the development of pulmonary fibrosis are analyzed, and the mutual promotion of the two pathways is discussed. Here we propose the development of drugs that simultaneously target LPAR1 and VEGFR2, and discuss the important considerations in targeting and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Luo
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qi Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Fan H, Liu X, Hu J. Recent research advances in ATX inhibitors: An overview of primary literature. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117374. [PMID: 37354726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The autoglobulin gene is the main enzyme for circulating LPA production and has lysophosphatidylcholine D activity, which catalyzes the production of lysophosphatidic acid and choline with lysophosphatidylcholine as substrate. A growing body of experimental evidence suggests that autoglobulin is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes the different structural ATX inhibitors classified according to their binding mode to the ATX triple orientation site, and summarizes the conformational relationships and molecular docking of each type with ATX structure, hoping to contribute to the development of novel ATX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, PR China
| | - Qinjiang Zhou
- Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, PR China
| | - Hongze Fan
- Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, PR China.
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, PR China.
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4
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Discovery of novel tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine analogs as potent autotaxin regulators with impressive tumor suppression effects. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Banerjee S, Lee S, Norman DD, Tigyi GJ. Designing Dual Inhibitors of Autotaxin-LPAR GPCR Axis. Molecules 2022; 27:5487. [PMID: 36080255 PMCID: PMC9458164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATX-LPA-LPAR1 signaling pathway plays a universal role in stimulating diverse cellular responses, including cell proliferation, migration, survival, and invasion in almost every cell type. The ATX-LPAR1 axis is linked to several metabolic and inflammatory diseases including cancer, fibrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous selective ATX or LPAR1 inhibitors have been developed and so far, their clinical efficacy has only been evaluated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. None of the ATX and LPAR1 inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials for cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Nonetheless, several research groups, including ours, have shown considerable benefit of simultaneous ATX and LPAR1 inhibition through combination therapy. Recent research suggests that dual-targeting therapies are superior to combination therapies that use two selective inhibitors. However, limited reports are available on ATX-LPAR1 dual inhibitors, potentially due to co-expression of multiple different LPARs with close structural similarities at the same target. In this review, we discuss rational design and future directions of dual ATX-LPAR1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E. Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E. Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Suechin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3 N. Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Derek D. Norman
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3 N. Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gabor J. Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3 N. Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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6
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Li T, Lei H, Yang J, Cao Z, Yang Y, Liu Z, Sun R, Yang X, Zhai X. Hybrid imidazo[1,2‐
a
]pyridine analogs as potent ATX inhibitors with concrete in vivo antifibrosis effect. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200171. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Zimeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang People's Republic of China
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7
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Lei H, Wang X, Zhao G, Li T, Cui Y, Wu H, Yang J, Jiang N, Zhai X. Design, synthesis and promising anti-tumor efficacy of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potent autotaxin allosteric inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Wang H, Chen Y, Qi X, Zhang H, Zhai X, Sun L. Investigation of novel ATX inhibitor metabolites by UHPLC-orbitrap-MS/MS and molecular docking studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Qin R, Zhao Q, Han B, Zhu HP, Peng C, Zhan G, Huang W. Indole-Based Small Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845892. [PMID: 35250597 PMCID: PMC8888875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole alkaloids are widely distributed in nature and have been particularly studied because of their diverse biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities. Many kinds of indole alkaloids have been applied to clinical practice, proving that indole alkaloids are beneficial scaffolds and occupy a crucial position in the development of novel agents. Fibrosis is an end-stage pathological condition of most chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by excessive deposition of fibrous connective tissue components, ultimately resulting in organ dysfunction and even failure with significant morbidity and mortality. Indole alkaloids and indole derivatives can alleviate pulmonary, myocardial, renal, liver, and islet fibrosis through the suppression of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, TGF-β/Smad pathway, and other signaling pathways. Natural indole alkaloids, such as isorhynchophylline, evodiamine, conophylline, indirubin, rutaecarpine, yohimbine, and vincristine, are reportedly effective in organ fibrosis treatment. In brief, indole alkaloids with a wide range of pharmacological bioactivities are important candidate drugs for organ fibrosis treatment. The present review discusses the potential of natural indole alkaloids, semi-synthetic indole alkaloids, synthetic indole derivatives, and indole-contained metabolites in organ fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang, ; Gu Zhan,
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang, ; Gu Zhan,
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10
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Bang EJ, Ra J, Choi HY, Ko HM. Synthesis of Benzazepinoindole Derivatives via a One‐Pot Process of TiCl
4
‐Catalyzed Indole Alkylation/Pictet‐Spengler Cyclization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Bang
- Department of Chemistry Wonkwang University 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Ra
- Department of Chemistry Wonkwang University 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry Wonkwang University 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Haye Min Ko
- Department of Chemistry Wonkwang University 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
- Wonkwang Institute of Materials Science and Technology Wonkwang University (Republic of Korea) 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
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11
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Lei H, Li Z, Li T, Wu H, Yang J, Yang X, Yang Y, Jiang N, Zhai X. Novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potent ATX allosteric inhibitors: Design, synthesis and promising in vivo anti-fibrotic efficacy in mice lung model. Bioorg Chem 2021; 120:105590. [PMID: 34998121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to develop novel allosteric autotaxin (ATX) inhibitors, hybrid strategy was utilized by assembling the benzyl carbamate fragment in PF-8380 onto the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine skeleton of GLPG-1690. The piperazine moiety in GLPG-1690 was replaced with phenyl ring to enhance the π-π interactions with adjacent residues. In the light of FS-3 based ATX enzymatic assay, further structure-guided optimizations were implemented by exploring the substituents within the carbamate aromatic moiety and examining the effect of the 2-ethyl. Eventually, 13c bearing 1,3-benzodioxole and 2-hydroxyethyl piperazine group was identified as a powerful ATX inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.7 nM. Subsequently, 13c was forwarded into an in vivo bleomycin-induced mice lung fibrosis model. In histopathological and immunohistochemical assays, 13c could typically alleviate the severity of fibrosis tissues and effectively reduce the deposition of fibrotic biomarker α-SMA. At a dose of 60 mg/kg, 13c was observed equivalent or even better potency than GLPG-1690 with a significant inhibition of the in vivo ATX activity. Except for the fundamental H-bond and π-π interactions, an extra H-bond between the 1,3-benzodioxole (O atom) and Phe306 offered great rationale in constraining the binding conformation of 13c. Finally, binding free energy calculation was conducted to assist in the efficient identification of allosteric ATX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huinan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinlian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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12
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Wang H, Long T, Zhang H, Li M, Sun Q, Zhai X, Sun L. Anti-fibrosis Attributes; UHPLC-MS/MS-Based pharmacokinetics profiling of a novel ATX inhibitor with excellent vivo efficacy in rat. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5301. [PMID: 34928514 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Difluorobenzyl(1-ethyl-5-(4-((4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-methyl)thiazol-2-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)carbamate (NAI59), a small molecule with outstanding therapeutic effectiveness to anti-pulmonary fibrosis, is being developed as an autotaxin inhibitor candidate compound. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of NAI59, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to quantity NAI59 in plasma and phosphate-buffered saline. The calibration curve linearity ranged from 9.95 ng·mL-1 to 1990.00 ng·mL-1 in plasma. The accuracy was -6.8%-5.9%, and the intra- and inter-day precision were within 15%. The matrix effect and recovery were within the criteria, as well as dilution integrity. The chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions were also feasible to determine PBS samples, and it's proved that this method had good precision and accuracy in the range from 9.95 ng·mL-1 to 497.50 ng·mL-1 in PBS. It's the first time to determine the pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and plasma protein binding of NAI59 in rats by this established method. As a result, the pharmacokinetic profiles of NAI59 showed a dose-dependent relationship after oral administration, and the absolute bioavailability in rats was 6.3%. In addition, the results of protein binding showed that the combining capacity of NAI59 with plasma protein attained 90% and increased with the increase of drug concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tengfei Long
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Jia Y, Li Y, Xu XD, Tian Y, Shang H. Design and Development of Autotaxin Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111203. [PMID: 34832985 PMCID: PMC8622848 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is the only enzyme of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP2) family with lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity, which is mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of extracellular lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA can induce various responses, such as cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine production, through six G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). This signaling pathway is associated with metabolic and inflammatory disorder, and inhibiting this pathway has a positive effect on the treatment of related diseases, while ATX, as an important role in the production of LPA, has been shown to be associated with the occurrence and metastasis of tumors, fibrosis and cardiovascular diseases. From mimics of ATX natural lipid substrates to the rational design of small molecule inhibitors, ATX inhibitors have made rapid progress in structural diversity and design over the past 20 years, and three drugs, GLPG1690, BBT-877, and BLD-0409, have entered clinical trials. In this paper, we will review the structure of ATX inhibitors from the perspective of the transformation of design ideas, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each inhibitor type, and put forward prospects for the development of ATX inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Tian
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (H.S.)
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14
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Structural and PK-guided identification of indole-based non-acidic autotaxin (ATX) inhibitors exhibiting high in vivo anti-fibrosis efficacy in rodent model. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113951. [PMID: 34742015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, pharmacological targeting of the autotaxin (ATX)/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) axis accounted for excellent disease management benefits. Herein, to extend the scope of structure-activity relationships (SARs), fifteen indole-based carbamate derivatives (1-15) were prepared to evaluate the ATX inhibitory potency. Among them, compound 4 bearing morpholine moiety was identified as the optimal ATX inhibitor (0.41 nM), superior to the positive control GLPG1690 (2.90 nM). To resolve the intractable issue of poor pharmacokinetic (PK) property, urea moiety was introduced as a surrogate of carbamate which furnished compounds 16-30. The dedicated modification identified the diethanolamine entity 30 with satisfactory water solubility and PK profiles with a minimum sacrifice of ATX inhibition (2.17 nM). The most promising candidate 30 was evaluated for anti-fibrosis effect in a bleomycin challenged mice lung fibrosis model. Upon treatment with 30, the in vivo ATX activity in both lung homogenate and broncheoalveolar fluid (BALF) sample was significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the gene expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in lung tissue was reduced to normal level. Collectively, the promising biological effects may advocate potential application of 30 in fibrosis relevant diseases.
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15
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Design, synthesis and anti-fibrosis evaluation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potent ATX inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116362. [PMID: 34428714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compounds bearing urea moiety (8-27) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ATX inhibitory activities in vitro by FS-3 based enzymatic assay. Delightfully, benzylamine derivatives (14-27) exhibited higher ATX inhibitory potency with IC50 value ranging from 1.72 to 497 nM superior to benzamide analogues (8-13). Remarkably, benzylamine derivative 20 bearing 4-hydroxypiperidine exerted an amazing inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.72 nM) which exceeded the positive control GLPG1690 (IC50 = 2.90 nM). Simultaneously, the binding model of 20 with ATX was established which rationalized the well performance of 20 in enzymatic assay. Accordingly, further in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate direct anti-fibrotic effects of 20 through Masson staining. Notably, 20 effectively alleviated lung structural damage with fewer fibrotic lesions at an oral dose of 60 mg/kg, qualifying 20 as a promising ATX inhibitor for IPF treatment.
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Mitra S, Prova SR, Sultana SA, Das R, Nainu F, Emran TB, Tareq AM, Uddin MS, Alqahtani AM, Dhama K, Simal-Gandara J. Therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids in respiratory diseases: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153649. [PMID: 34325978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole alkaloids are very promising for potential therapeutic purposes and appear to be particularly effective against respiratory diseases. Several experimental studies have been performed, both in vivo and in vitro, to evaluate the effectiveness of indole alkaloids for the management of respiratory disorders, including asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. PURPOSE The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the in-depth therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids against various respiratory disorders. STUDY DESIGN In addition to describing the therapeutic potential, this review also evaluates the toxicity of these alkaloids, which have been utilized for therapeutic benefits but have demonstrated toxic consequences. Some indole alkaloids, including scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine, vallesamine, and picrinine, which are derived from the plant Alstonia scholaris, have shown toxic effects in non-rodent models. METHODS This review also discusses clinical studies exploring the therapeutic efficacy of indole alkaloids, which have confirmed the promising benefits observed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The indole alkaloidal compounds have shown efficacy in subjects with respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION The available data established both preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential of indole alkaloids to treat the respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shajuthi Rahman Prova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sifat Ara Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Tan Z, Lei H, Guo M, Chen Y, Zhai X. An updated patent review of autotaxin inhibitors (2017-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:421-434. [PMID: 33342311 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1867106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ATX-LPA axis is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in a variety of diseases, such as tumor metastasis, fibrosis, pruritus, multiple sclerosis, inflammation, autoimmune conditions, metabolic syndrome, and so on. Accordingly, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of new chemical entities capable of modulating the ATX-LPA axis. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of novel ATX inhibitors reported in patents from September 2016 to August 2020, discussing their structural characteristics and inhibitory potency in vitro and in vivo. EXPERT OPINION In the past four years, the classification of ATX inhibitors based on binding modes has brought great benefits to the discovery of more efficacious inhibitors. In addition to GLPG1690 currently in phase III clinical studies for IPF, BBT-877, and BLD-0409 as potent ATX inhibitors have been enrolled in phase I clinical evaluation; meanwhile, many effective molecules were also reported successively. However, most emerging ATX inhibitors in the last four years are closely analogs of previous entities, such as GLPG1690 and PF-8380, which translate into the urgently identification of ATX inhibitors with diverse structural features and promising properties in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang L, Wang P, Guo T, Xiong W, Kang B, Qi C, Luo G, Luo Y, Jiang H. Copper-catalyzed four-component reaction of alkenes, Togni's reagent, amines and CO 2: stereoselective synthesis of ( Z)-enol carbamates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed four-component reaction of alkenes, Togni's reagent, amines and CO2 was disclosed, providing an efficient and straightforward access to a range of stereodefined (Z)-enol carbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Tianzuo Guo
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Bangxiong Kang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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Tejedor D, Diana-Rivero R, García-Tellado F. A General and Scalable Synthesis of Polysubstituted Indoles. Molecules 2020; 25:E5595. [PMID: 33260745 PMCID: PMC7730962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A consecutive 2-step synthesis of N-unprotected polysubstituted indoles bearing an electron-withdrawing group at the C-3 position from readily available nitroarenes is reported. The protocol is based on the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N-oxyenamines generated by the DABCO-catalyzed reaction of N-arylhydroxylamines and conjugated terminal alkynes, and delivers indoles endowed with a wide array of substitution patterns and topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Raquel Diana-Rivero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
- Doctoral and Postgraduate School, Universidad de La Laguna, Apartado Postal 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Tellado
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
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Jia F, Lei H, Chen Y, Li T, Xing L, Cao Z, Zhai X. Structure-based linker exploration: Discovery of 1-ethyl-1H-indole analogs as novel ATX inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115795. [PMID: 33032188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to develop novel ATX inhibitors, an indole-3-carboxylic acid lead Indole-1 was identified through high-throughput screening (HTS) efforts. The Indole-1 analogs 1-7 was firstly prepared which exerted mild activity comparable to Indole-1 (740 nM) in ATX enzyme assay. Further structural modification to identify type IV ATX inhibitors was proceeded through derivatization of the indole-3-carboxylic acid group. Resultantly, compounds 8-17 containing acyl hydrazone linker displayed poor activity (over 3.49 μM). Alternatively, replacing the acylhydrazone linker with urea counterpart by the amide bond reversal principle, the acquired compounds 18-22 achieved obvious improvements with submicromolar activities. Furthermore, with the aim to reducing cLogP, the thiazole ring of 18-22 was altered to the benzamide (23-32) with the urea linker unchanged. Remarkably, the benzamide derivative 24 with 4-hydroxy piperidine fragment was identified which exhibited prominent activity with IC50 value of 2.3 nM. Especially, dedicated molecular docking study was throughout the modification process which qualified 24 as optimal entity in accordance with the ATX inhibitory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hongrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lingyun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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21
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Structure-Based Discovery of Novel Chemical Classes of Autotaxin Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197002. [PMID: 32977539 PMCID: PMC7582705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein, widely present in biological fluids, largely responsible for extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production. LPA is a bioactive growth-factor-like lysophospholipid that exerts pleiotropic effects in almost all cell types, exerted through at least six G-protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-6). Increased ATX expression has been detected in different chronic inflammatory diseases, while genetic or pharmacological studies have established ATX as a promising therapeutic target, exemplified by the ongoing phase III clinical trial for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this report, we employed an in silico drug discovery workflow, aiming at the identification of structurally novel series of ATX inhibitors that would be amenable to further optimization. Towards this end, a virtual screening protocol was applied involving the search into molecular databases for new small molecules potentially binding to ATX. The crystal structure of ATX in complex with a known inhibitor (HA-155) was used as a molecular model docking reference, yielding a priority list of 30 small molecule ATX inhibitors, validated by a well-established enzymatic assay of ATX activity. The two most potent, novel and structurally different compounds were further structurally optimized by deploying further in silico tools, resulting to the overall identification of six new ATX inhibitors that belong to distinct chemical classes than existing inhibitors, expanding the arsenal of chemical scaffolds and allowing further rational design.
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