1
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Rinaldi S, Colombo G, Morra G. Exploring Mutation-Driven Changes in the ATP-ADP Conformational Cycle of Human Hsp70 by All-Atom MD Adaptive Sampling. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:7770-7780. [PMID: 39091167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Hsp70 belongs to a family of molecular chaperones ubiquitous through organisms that assist client protein folding and prevent aggregation. It works through a tightly ATP-regulated allosteric cycle mechanism, which organizes its two NBD and SBD into alternate open and closed arrangements that facilitate loading and unloading of client proteins. The two cytosolic human isoforms Hsc70 and HspA1 are relevant targets for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Illuminating the molecular details of Hsp70 functional dynamics is essential to rationalize differences among the well-characterized bacterial homologue DnaK and the less explored human forms and develop subtype- or species-selective allosteric drugs. We present here a molecular dynamics-based analysis of the conformational dynamics of HspA1. By using an "allosterically impaired" mutant for comparison, we can reconstruct the impact of the ADP-ATP swap on interdomain contacts and dynamic coordination in full-length HspA1, supporting previous predictions that were, however, limited to the NBD. We model the initial onset of the conformational cycle by proposing a sequence of structural steps, which reveal the role of a specific human sequence insertion at the linker, and a modulation of the angle formed by the two NBD lobes during the progression of docking. Our findings pinpoint functionally relevant conformations and set the basis for a selective structure-based drug discovery approach targeting allosteric sites in human Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rinaldi
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM)─National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia Via Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giulia Morra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC)─National Research Council (CNR), Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano 20131, Italy
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2
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Jiang M, Zhang H, Song Y, Yin F, Hu Z, Li X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang S, Lu S, Xu G, Song T, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Discovery of Biphenyl Derivatives to Target Hsp70-Bim Protein-Protein Interaction in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Scaffold Hopping Strategy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12068-12084. [PMID: 39012838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interaction (PPI) is the most recently identified specific target in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy. Herein, we developed a new class of Hsp70-Bim PPI inhibitors via scaffold hopping of S1g-10, the most potent Hsp70-Bim PPI inhibitor thus far. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we obtained a biphenyl scaffold compound JL-15 with a 5.6-fold improvement in Hsp70-Bim PPI suppression (Kd = 123 vs 688 nM) and a 4-fold improvement in water solubility (29.42 vs 7.19 μg/mL) compared to S1g-10. It maintains comparable apoptosis induction capability with S1g-10 against both TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant CML cell lines in an Hsp70-Bim-dependent manner. Additionally, through SAR, 1H-15N TRSOY-NMR, and molecular docking, we revealed that Lys319 is a "hot spot" in the Hsp70-Bim PPI interface. Collectively, these results provide a novel chemical scaffold and structural insights for the rational design of Hsp70-Bim PPI inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Protein Binding
- Drug Discovery
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Jiang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fangkui Yin
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xin Li
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zheming Wang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Guanghong Xu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ting Song
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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3
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Shao J, Lin X, Wang H, Zhao C, Yao SQ, Ge J, Zeng S, Qian L. Targeted Degradation of Cell-Surface Proteins via Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy by Using Peptide-Conjugated Antibodies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319232. [PMID: 38472118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cell-surface proteins are important drug targets but historically have posed big challenges for the complete elimination of their functions. Herein, we report antibody-peptide conjugates (Ab-CMAs) in which a peptide targeting chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) was conjugated with commercially available monoclonal antibodies for specific cell-surface protein degradation by taking advantage of lysosomal degradation pathways. Unique features of Ab-CMAs, including cell-surface receptor- and E3 ligase-independent degradation, feasibility towards different cell-surface proteins (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)) by a simple change of the antibody, and successful tumor inhibition in vivo, make them attractive protein degraders for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. As the first example employing CMA to degrade proteins from the outside in, our findings may also shed new light on CMA, a degradation pathway typically targeting cytosolic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Shao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Haoting Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Chuhan Zhao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China, 310014
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
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4
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Kunachowicz D, Król-Kulikowska M, Raczycka W, Sleziak J, Błażejewska M, Kulbacka J. Heat Shock Proteins, a Double-Edged Sword: Significance in Cancer Progression, Chemotherapy Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1500. [PMID: 38672583 PMCID: PMC11048091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in one of the adaptive mechanisms protecting cells against environmental and metabolic stress. Moreover, the large role of these proteins in the carcinogenesis process, as well as in chemoresistance, was noticed. This review aims to draw attention to the possibilities of using Hsps in developing new cancer therapy methods, as well as to indicate directions for future research on this topic. In order to discuss this matter, a thorough review of the latest scientific literature was carried out, taking into account the importance of selected proteins from the Hsp family, including Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110. One of the more characteristic features of all Hsps is that they play a multifaceted role in cancer progression, which makes them an obvious target for modern anticancer therapy. Some researchers emphasize the importance of directly inhibiting the action of these proteins. In turn, others point to their possible use in the design of cancer vaccines, which would work by inducing an immune response in various types of cancer. Due to these possibilities, it is believed that the use of Hsps may contribute to the progress of oncoimmunology, and thus help in the development of modern anticancer therapies, which would be characterized by higher effectiveness and lower toxicity to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kunachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Król-Kulikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Raczycka
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Jakub Sleziak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Błażejewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine Santariškių g. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- DIVE IN AI, 53-307 Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Song T, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Wang Z, Song Y, Zhang Z. Small molecule inhibitor targeting the Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interaction in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer overcomes tamoxifen resistance. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:33. [PMID: 38409088 PMCID: PMC10895875 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogen receptor (ER) positive patients compromise about 70% of breast cancers. Tamoxifen, an antagonist of ERα66 (the classic ER), is the most effective and the standard first-line drug. However, its efficacy is limited by the development of acquired resistance. METHODS A specific inhibitor of Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interaction (PPI), S1g-2, together with an inhibitor of Hsp70-Bag3 PPI, MKT-077 and an ATP-competitive inhibitor VER155008, were used as chemical tools. Cell viability assays, co-immunoprecipitation and gene knockdown were used to investigate the role of Hsp70 in tamoxifen resistance. A xenograft model was established in which tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (MCF-7/TAM-R) cells maintained in the presence of 5 μM tamoxifen were subcutaneously inoculated. The anti-tumor efficiency of S1g-2 was measured after a daily injection of 0.8 mg/kg for 14 days. RESULTS It was revealed that Hsp70-Bim PPI protects ERα-positive breast cancer from tamoxifen-induced apoptosis through binding and stabilizing ERα36, rather than ERα66, resulting in sustained EGFR mRNA and protein expression. Disruption of Hsp70-Bim PPI and downregulation of ERα36 expression in tumor samples are consistent with the in vitro functions of S1g-2, resulting in about a three-fold reduction in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo activity and safety of S1g-2 illustrated that it is a potential strategy for Hsp70-Bim disruption to overcome tamoxifen-resistant ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qicheng Zhao
- Cancer Rehabilitation Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Song
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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6
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Ambrose AJ, Zerio CJ, Sivinski J, Zhu X, Godek J, Sanchez JL, Khanna M, Khanna R, Lairson L, Zhang DD, Chapman E. Human Hsp70 Substrate-Binding Domains Recognize Distinct Client Proteins. Biochemistry 2024; 63:251-263. [PMID: 38243804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The 13 Hsp70 proteins in humans act on unique sets of substrates with diversity often being attributed to J-domain-containing protein (Hsp40 or JDP) cofactors. We were therefore surprised to find drastically different binding affinities for Hsp70-peptide substrates, leading us to probe substrate specificity among the 8 canonical Hsp70s from humans. We used peptide arrays to characterize Hsp70 binding and then mined these data using machine learning to develop an algorithm for isoform-specific prediction of Hsp70 binding sequences. The results of this algorithm revealed recognition patterns not predicted based on local sequence alignments. We then showed that none of the human isoforms can complement heat-shocked DnaK knockout Escherichia coli cells. However, chimeric Hsp70s consisting of the human nucleotide-binding domain and the substrate-binding domain of DnaK complement during heat shock, providing further evidence in vivo of the divergent function of the Hsp70 substrate-binding domains. We also demonstrated that the differences in heat shock complementation among the chimeras are not due to loss of DnaJ binding. Although we do not exclude JDPs as additional specificity factors, our data demonstrate substrate specificity among the Hsp70s, which has important implications for inhibitor development in cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jack Godek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jonathan L Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85424, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Luke Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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7
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Mishima Y, Tomoshige S, Sato S, Ishikawa M. Allosteric Hsp70 Modulator YM-1 Induces Degradation of BRD4. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:161-165. [PMID: 38296558 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
YM-1, an allosteric modulator of heat-shock 70 kDa protein (Hsp70), inhibits cancer cell growth, but the mechanism is not yet fully understood. Here, we show that YM-1 induces the degradation of bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4), which mediates oncogene expression. Overall, our results indicate that YM-1 promotes the binding of HSP70 to BRD4, and this in turn promotes the ubiquitination of BRD4 by C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP), an E3 ubiquitin ligase working in concert with Hsp70, leading to proteasomal degradation of BRD4. This YM-1-induced decrease of BRD4 would contribute at least in part to the inhibition of cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Mishima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | | | - Shinichi Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University
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8
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Li X, Song Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Gao Q, Jiang M, Yin F, Yuan L, Liu J, Song T, Lu S, Xu G, Zhang Z. Exploiting the "Hot-Spots" of Hsp70 -Bim Protein -Protein Interaction to Optimize the 1-Oxo-1 H-phenalene-2,3-dicarbonitrile Analogues as Specific Hsp70 -Bim Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16377-16387. [PMID: 38011535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Selectively targeting the cancer-specific protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Hsp70 and Bim has been discovered as a promising strategy for treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The first Hsp70-Bim PPI inhibitor, S1g-2, has been identified to overcome the on-target toxicity of known Hsp70 inhibitors when it induces apoptosis of CML cells. Herein, we carried out a hit-to-lead optimization of S1g-2, yielding S1g-10, which exhibited a 10-fold increase in Hsp70/Bim suppressing potency. Furthermore, S1g-10 not only exhibited a 5- to 10-fold stronger antitumor activity in the sub-μM range against CML cells than S1g-2 in vitro, but it also overcame BCR-ABL-independent tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in CML in vivo depending on the Hsp70-Bim signaling pathway. Moreover, through structure-activity relationship analysis, TROSY-HSQC NMR, molecular dynamics simulation, and point mutation validation, two hydrophobic pockets composed of eight key residues were demonstrated to produce predominant interactions with either Bim or S1g-10, regarded as the "hot-spots" in the Hsp70-Bim PPI interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Qishuang Gao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Maojun Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fangkui Yin
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Linjie Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ting Song
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Guanghong Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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9
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Joma N, Zhang I, Righetto GL, McKay L, Gran ER, Kakkar A, Maysinger D. Flavonoids Regulate Redox-Responsive Transcription Factors in Glioblastoma and Microglia. Cells 2023; 12:2821. [PMID: 38132142 PMCID: PMC10871111 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a valuable therapeutic target in glioblastoma (GBM), as it promotes tumorigenesis via an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immune cells such as microglia accumulate near the tumor and its hypoxic core, fostering tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of natural polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Notably, flavonoids, including fisetin and quercetin, can protect non-cancerous cells while eliminating transformed cells (2D cultures and 3D tumoroids). We tested the hypothesis that fisetin and quercetin are modulators of redox-responsive transcription factors, for which subcellular location plays a critical role. To investigate the sites of interaction between natural compounds and stress-responsive transcription factors, we combined molecular docking with experimental methods employing proximity ligation assays. Our findings reveal that fisetin decreased cytosolic acetylated high mobility group box 1 (acHMGB1) and increased transcription factor EB (TFEB) abundance in microglia but not in GBM. Moreover, our results suggest that the most powerful modulator of the Nrf2-KEAP1 complex is fisetin. This finding is in line with molecular modeling and calculated binding properties between fisetin and Nrf2-KEAP1, which indicated more sites of interactions and stronger binding affinities than quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Joma
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Germanna L. Righetto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Laura McKay
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; (L.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Evan Rizzel Gran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; (L.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
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10
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Xu M, Liu X, Zhou X, Qin Y, Yang L, Wen S, Qiu Y, Chen S, Tang R, Guo Y, Liu M, Sun Y. Hypoxia-induced circSTT3A enhances serine synthesis and promotes H3K4me3 modification to facilitate breast cancer stem cell formation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106964. [PMID: 37865128 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key feature of tumor microenvironment that contributes to the development of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) with strong self-renewal properties. However, the specific mechanism underlying hypoxia in BCSC induction is not completely understood. Herein, we provide evidence that a novel hypoxia-specific circSTT3A is significantly upregulated in clinical breast cancer (BC) tissues, and is closely related to the clinical stage and poor prognosis of patients with BC. The study revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α)-regulated circSTT3A has a remarkable effect on mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, circSTT3A directly interacts with nucleotide-binding domain of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), thereby facilitating the recruitment of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) via its substrate-binding domain, which reduces the ubiquitination and increases the stability of PGK1. The enhanced levels of PGK1 catalyze 1,3-diphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) into 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) leading to 3-PG accumulation and increased serine synthesis, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) accumulation, and trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3). The activation of the H3K4me3 contributes to BCSCs by increasing the transcriptional level of stemness-related factors. Especially, our work reveals that either loss of circSTT3A or PGK1 substantially suppresses tumor initiation and tumor growth, which dramatically increases the sensitivity of tumors to doxorubicin (DOX) in mice. Injection of PGK1-silenced spheroids with 3-PG can significantly reverse tumor initiation and growth in mice, thereby increasing tumor resistance to DOX. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the functional role of hypoxia in the maintenance of BCSCs via circSTT3A/HSP70/PGK1-mediated serine synthesis, which provides new insights into metabolic reprogramming, tumor initiation and growth. Our findings suggest that targeting circSTT3A alone or in combination with chemotherapy has potential clinical value for BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Siyang Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yuxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shanchun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuetong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Basic Medical School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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11
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Richards A, Lupoli TJ. Peptide-based molecules for the disruption of bacterial Hsp70 chaperones. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102373. [PMID: 37516006 PMCID: PMC11217992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
DnaK is a chaperone that aids in nascent protein folding and the maintenance of proteome stability across bacteria. Due to the importance of DnaK in cellular proteostasis, there have been efforts to generate molecules that modulate its function. In nature, both protein substrates and antimicrobial peptides interact with DnaK. However, many of these ligands interact with other cellular machinery as well. Recent work has sought to modify these peptide scaffolds to create DnaK-selective and species-specific probes. Others have reported protein domain mimics of interaction partners to disrupt cellular DnaK function and high-throughput screening approaches to discover clinically-relevant peptidomimetics that inhibit DnaK. The described work provides a foundation for the design of new assays and molecules to regulate DnaK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweon Richards
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Tania J Lupoli
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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12
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Parisi V, Donadio G, Bellone ML, Belaabed S, Bader A, Bisio A, Iobbi V, Gazzillo E, Chini MG, Bifulco G, Faraone I, Vassallo A. Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Leaf Surface Extract: Discovering New Diterpenes as Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) Binding Agents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2421. [PMID: 37446982 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Premna, a genus consisting of approximately 200 species, predominantly thrives in tropical and subtropical areas. Many of these species have been utilized in ethnopharmacology for diverse medicinal applications. In Saudi Arabia, Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schauer (Lamiaceae) grows wildly, and its slightly viscid leaves are attributed to the production of leaf accession. In this study, we aimed to extract the surface accession from fresh leaves using dichloromethane to evaluate the anticancer potential. The plant exudate yielded two previously unknown labdane diterpenes, Premnaresone A and B, in addition to three already described congeners and four known flavonoids. The isolation process was accomplished using a combination of silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, the structures of which were identified by NMR and HRESIMS analyses and a comparison with the literature data of associated compounds. Furthermore, we employed a density functional theory (DFT)/NMR approach to suggest the relative configuration of different compounds. Consequently, we investigated the possibility of developing new chaperone inhibitors by subjecting diterpenes 1-5 to a Surface Plasmon Resonance-screening, based on the knowledge that oridonin, a diterpene, interacts with Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) 1A in cancer cells. Additionally, we studied the anti-proliferative activity of compounds 1-5 on human Jurkat (human T-cell lymphoma) and HeLa (epithelial carcinoma) cell lines, where diterpene 3 exhibited activity in Jurkat cell lines after 48 h, with an IC50 of 15.21 ± 1.0 µM. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations revealed a robust interaction between compound 3 and Hsp70 key residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Soumia Belaabed
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules Physicochemical and Biological Analysis, University Brothers Mentouri, Route Ain ElBey, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Erica Gazzillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C.da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Innovative Startup Farmis s.r.l., Via Nicola Vaccaro 40, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS s.r.l., Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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13
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Alimardan Z, Abbasi M, Hasanzadeh F, Aghaei M, Khodarahmi G, Kashfi K. Heat shock proteins and cancer: The FoxM1 connection. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115505. [PMID: 36931349 PMCID: PMC10134075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) and FoxM1 have significant roles in carcinogenesis. According to their relative molecular weight, Hsps are divided into Hsp110, Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, and small Hsps. Hsp70 can play essential functions in cancer initiation and is overexpressed in several human cancers. Hsp70, in combination with cochaperones HIP and HOP, refolds partially denatured proteins and acts as a cochaperone for Hsp90. Also, Hsp70, in combination with BAG3, regulates the FoxM1 signaling pathway. FoxM1 protein is a transcription factor of the Forkhead family that is overexpressed in most human cancers and is involved in many cancers' development features, including proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to apoptosis. This review discusses the Hsp70, Hsp90, and FoxM1 structure and function, the known Hsp70 cochaperones, and Hsp70, Hsp90, and FoxM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alimardan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshid Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmud Aghaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghadamali Khodarahmi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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14
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Yamada Y, Noguchi T, Suzuki M, Yamada M, Hirata Y, Matsuzawa A. Reactive sulfur species disaggregate the SQSTM1/p62-based aggresome-like induced structures via the HSP70 induction and prevent parthanatos. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104710. [PMID: 37060999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) have emerged as key regulators of protein quality control. However, the mechanisms by which RSS contribute to cellular processes are not fully understood. In this study, we identified a novel function of RSS in preventing parthanatos, a non-apoptotic form of cell death that is induced by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and mediated by the aggresome-like induced structures (ALIS) composed of SQSTM1/p62. We found that sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4), a donor of RSS, strongly suppressed oxidative stress-dependent ALIS formation and subsequent parthanatos. On the other hand, the inhibitors of the RSS-producing enzymes, such as 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), clearly enhanced ALIS formation and parthanatos. Interestingly, we found that Na2S4 activated heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) by promoting its dissociation from heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), leading to accelerated transcription of HSP70. Considering that the genetic deletion of HSP70 allowed the enhanced ALIS formation, these findings suggest that RSS prevent parthanatos by specifically suppressing ALIS formation through induction of HSP70. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which RSS prevent cell death, as well as a novel physiological role of RSS in contributing to protein quality control through HSP70 induction, which may lead to better understanding of the bioactivity of RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamada
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | - Midori Suzuki
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuka Yamada
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan.
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15
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Rivi V, Batabyal A, Benatti C, Tascedda F, Blom JMC, Lukowiak K. A Novel Behavioral Display in Lymnaea Induced by Quercetin and Hypoxia. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 244:115-127. [PMID: 37725701 DOI: 10.1086/725689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis employs aerial respiration under hypoxia and can be operantly conditioned to reduce this behavior. When applied individually, a heat shock (30 °C for 1 h) and the flavonoid quercetin enhance long-term memory formation for the operant conditioning of aerial respiration. However, when snails are exposed to quercetin before the heat shock, long-term memory is no longer enhanced. This is because quercetin prevents the heat-induced upregulation of heat-shock proteins 70 and 40. When we tested the memory outcome of operant conditioning due to the simultaneous exposure to quercetin and 30 °C, we found that Lymnaea entered a quiescent survival state. The same behavioral response occurred when snails were simultaneously exposed to quercetin and pond water made hypoxic by bubbling nitrogen through it. Thus, in this study, we performed six experiments to propose a physiological explanation for that curious behavioral response. Our results suggest that bubbling nitrogen in pond water, heating pond water to 30 °C, and bubbling nitrogen in 30 °C pond water create a hypoxic environment, to which organisms may respond by upregulating the heat-shock protein system. On the other hand, when snails experience quercetin together with these hypoxic conditions, they can no longer express the physiological stress response evoked by heat or hypoxia. Thus, the quiescent survival state could be an emergency response to survive the hypoxic condition when the heat-shock proteins cannot be activated.
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16
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Scordino M, Frinchi M, Urone G, Nuzzo D, Mudò G, Di Liberto V. Manipulation of HSP70-SOD1 Expression Modulates SH-SY5Y Differentiation and Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress-Dependent Cell Damage: Involvement in Oxotremorine-M-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030687. [PMID: 36978935 PMCID: PMC10045076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of neural progenitors is a complex process that integrates different signals to drive transcriptional changes, which mediate metabolic, electrophysiological, and morphological cellular specializations. Understanding these adjustments is essential within the framework of stem cell and cancer research and therapy. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, widely used in neurobiology research, can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells through serum deprivation and retinoic acid (RA) supplementation. In our study, we observed that the differentiation process triggers the expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Notably, inhibition of HSP70 expression by KNK437 causes a dramatic increase in cell death. While undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells show a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), differentiated cells become resistant to H2O2-induced cell death. Interestingly, the differentiation process enhances the expression of SOD1 protein, and inhibition of HSP70 expression counteracts this effect and increases the susceptibility of differentiated cells to H2O2-induced cell death, suggesting that the cascade HSP70-SOD1 is involved in promoting survival against oxidative stress-dependent damage. Treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, enhances the expression of HSP70 and SOD1 and counteracts tert–Butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It is worth noting that co-treatment with KNK437 reduces SOD1 expression and Oxo-induced protection against oxidative stress damage, suggesting the involvement of HSP70/SOD1 signaling in this beneficial effect. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that manipulation of the HSP70 signal modulates SH-SY5Y differentiation and susceptibility to oxidative stress-dependent cell death and unravels novel mechanisms involved in Oxo neuroprotective functions. Altogether these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation and preservation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Scordino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Urone
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (V.D.L.)
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17
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Decreased Levels of Chaperones in Mucopolysaccharidoses and Their Elevation as a Putative Auxiliary Therapeutic Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020704. [PMID: 36840025 PMCID: PMC9967431 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic disorders belonging to the lysosomal storage diseases. They are caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes responsible for degrading glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). As a result, GAGs accumulate in lysosomes, leading to impairment of cells, organs and, consequently, the entire body. Many of the therapies proposed thus far require the participation of chaperone proteins, regardless of whether they are therapies in common use (enzyme replacement therapy) or remain in the experimental phase (gene therapy, STOP-codon-readthrough therapy). Chaperones, which include heat shock proteins, are responsible for the correct folding of other proteins to the most energetically favorable conformation. Without their appropriate levels and activities, the correct folding of the lysosomal enzyme, whether supplied from outside or synthesized in the cell, would be impossible. However, the baseline level of nonspecific chaperone proteins in MPS has never been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine the basal levels of nonspecific chaperone proteins of the Hsp family in MPS cells and to study the effect of normalizing GAG concentrations on these levels. Results of experiments with fibroblasts taken from patients with MPS types I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IID, IVA, IVB, VI, VII, and IX, as well as from the brains of MPS I mice (Idua-/-), indicated significantly reduced levels of the two chaperones, Hsp70 and Hsp40. Interestingly, the reduction in GAG levels in the aforementioned cells did not lead to normalization of the levels of these chaperones but caused only a slight increase in the levels of Hsp40. An additional transcriptomic analysis of MPS cells indicated that the expression of other genes involved in protein folding processes and the cell response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting from the appearance of abnormally folded proteins, was also modulated. To summarize, reduced levels of chaperones may be an additional cause of the low activity or inactivity of lysosomal enzymes in MPS. Moreover, this may point to causes of treatment failure where the correct structure of the enzyme supplied or synthesized in the cell is crucial to lower GAG levels.
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18
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Sun S, Wang C, Zhao P, Kline GM, Grandjean JMD, Jiang X, Labaudiniere R, Wiseman RL, Kelly JW, Balch WE. Capturing the conversion of the pathogenic alpha-1-antitrypsin fold by ATF6 enhanced proteostasis. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:22-42.e5. [PMID: 36630963 PMCID: PMC9930901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) causes AAT deficiency (AATD) through liver aggregation-associated gain-of-toxic pathology and/or insufficient AAT activity in the lung manifesting as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we utilize 71 AATD-associated variants as input through Gaussian process (GP)-based machine learning to study the correction of AAT folding and function at a residue-by-residue level by pharmacological activation of the ATF6 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR). We show that ATF6 activators increase AAT neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitory activity, while reducing polymer accumulation for the majority of AATD variants, including the prominent Z variant. GP-based profiling of the residue-by-residue response to ATF6 activators captures an unexpected role of the "gate" area in managing AAT-specific activity. Our work establishes a new spatial covariant (SCV) understanding of the convertible state of the protein fold in response to genetic perturbation and active environmental management by proteostasis enhancement for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabe M Kline
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Protego Biopharma, 10945 Vista Sorrento Parkway, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William E Balch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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19
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Ambrose AJ, Sivinski J, Zerio CJ, Zhu X, Godek J, Kumirov VK, Coma Brujas T, Torra Garcia J, Annadurai A, Schmidlin CJ, Werner A, Shi T, Zavareh RB, Lairson L, Zhang DD, Chapman E. Discovery and Development of a Selective Inhibitor of the ER Resident Chaperone Grp78. J Med Chem 2023; 66:677-694. [PMID: 36516003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A recent study illustrated that a fluorescence polarization assay can be used to identify substrate-competitive Hsp70 inhibitors that can be isoform-selective. Herein, we use that assay in a moderate-throughput screen and report the discovery of a druglike amino-acid-based inhibitor with reasonable specificity for the endoplasmic reticular Hsp70, Grp78. Using traditional medicinal chemistry approaches, the potency and selectivity were further optimized through structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies in parallel assays for six of the human Hsp70 isoforms. The top compounds were all tested against a panel of cancer cell lines and disappointingly showed little effect. The top-performing compound, 8, was retested using a series of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents and found to synergize with these agents. Finally, 8 was tested in a spheroid tumor model and found to be more potent than in two-dimensional models. The optimized Grp78 inhibitors are the first reported isoform-selective small-molecule-competitive inhibitors of an Hsp70-substrate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Jack Godek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Vlad K Kumirov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85719, United States
| | - Teresa Coma Brujas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Joan Torra Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Anandhan Annadurai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Cody J Schmidlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Alyssa Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Taoda Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Reza Beheshti Zavareh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | - Luke Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
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20
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Kuzuoglu-Ozturk D, Aksoy O, Schmidt C, Lea R, Larson JD, Phelps RRL, Nasholm N, Holt M, Contreras A, Huang M, Wong-Michalak S, Shao H, Wechsler-Reya R, Phillips JJ, Gestwicki JE, Ruggero D, Weiss WA. N-myc-Mediated Translation Control Is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:130-140. [PMID: 36264168 PMCID: PMC9812901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of neuroblastoma-derived myc (N-myc) is a leading cause of malignant brain tumors in children. To target N-myc-driven medulloblastoma, most research has focused on identifying genomic alterations or on the analysis of the medulloblastoma transcriptome. Here, we have broadly characterized the translatome of medulloblastoma and shown that N-myc unexpectedly drives selective translation of transcripts that promote protein homeostasis. Cancer cells are constantly exposed to proteotoxic stress associated with alterations in protein production or folding. It remains poorly understood how cancers cope with proteotoxic stress to promote their growth. Here, our data revealed that N-myc regulates the expression of specific components (∼5%) of the protein folding machinery at the translational level through the major cap binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E. Reducing eIF4E levels in mouse models of medulloblastoma blocked tumorigenesis. Importantly, targeting Hsp70, a protein folding chaperone translationally regulated by N-myc, suppressed tumor growth in mouse and human medulloblastoma xenograft models. These findings reveal a previously hidden molecular program that promotes medulloblastoma formation and identify new therapies that may have impact in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE Translatome analysis in medulloblastoma shows that N-myc drives selective translation of transcripts that promote protein homeostasis and that represent new therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kuzuoglu-Ozturk
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ozlem Aksoy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christin Schmidt
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robin Lea
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Larson
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan R L Phelps
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nicole Nasholm
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Megan Holt
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrian Contreras
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Miller Huang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shannon Wong-Michalak
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisca, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William A Weiss
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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21
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Yıldız Ş, Karakaş S, Kaya C, Kural A, Gedikbaşı A, Ekin D, Serhanoğlu Z, Çaypınar SS, Ekin M. Evaluation of HSP70 levels in ectopic pregnancy, abortus imminens and intrauterine pregnancy. Biomark Med 2022; 16:1251-1258. [PMID: 36820610 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the serum levels of HSP70 concentrations in ectopic pregnancy (EP) patients compared with abortus imminens (AI) patients and healthy controls. Materials & methods: Age-matched patients were divided into three groups, with 30 patients in each group: EP, AI and healthy intrauterine pregnancy groups. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein and kept for HSP70 analysis. Results: The HSP70 levels were higher in the EP group than in AI patients and healthy controls (p < 0.05). The area under the curve for the serum HSP70 assay reached a value of 0.81 for a cutoff point of 11.12 pg/ml, which identified women with EP. Conclusion: Serum HSP70 levels increased in women with EP compared with healthy controls and women with AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Yıldız
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Sema Karakaş
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Acıbadem Bakirkoy Hospital, Istanbul, 34200, Turkey
| | - Alev Kural
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Asuman Gedikbaşı
- Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34200, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekin
- University of Bristol, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Zınar Serhanoğlu
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Sema S Çaypınar
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura Training & Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, 34280, Turkey
| | - Murat Ekin
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
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22
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Chitre S, Ray AM, Stevens M, Doud EH, Liechty H, Washburn A, Tepper K, Sivinski J, O'Hagan HM, Georgiadis MM, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Bis-aryl-α,β-unsaturated ketone (ABK) chaperonin inhibitors exhibit selective cytotoxicity to colorectal cancer cells that correlates with levels of aberrant HSP60 in the cytosol. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 75:117072. [PMID: 36356534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
While many studies have established the importance of protein homeostasis in tumor progression, little effort has been made to examine the therapeutic potential of targeting the HSP60 chaperonin system. In healthy cells, HSP60 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix; however, emerging evidence indicates HSP60 can be over-expressed and mis-localized to the cytosol of cancer cells, which is hypothesized to promote tumor cell survival and proliferation. This opens a potential avenue to selectively target the aberrant HSP60 in the cytosol as a chemotherapeutic strategy. In the present work, we examined a series of bis-aryl-α,β-unsaturated ketone (ABK) HSP60 inhibitors for their ability to selectively target cancerous vs non-cancerous colon and intestine cells. We found that lead analogs inhibited migration and clonogenicity of cancer cells, with cytotoxicity correlating with the level of aberrant HSP60 in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Emma H Doud
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Hope Liechty
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Katelyn Tepper
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Program and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 1001 East 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Millie M Georgiadis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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23
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Pan D, Yang Y, Nong A, Tang Z, Li QX. GRP78 Activity Moderation as a Therapeutic Treatment against Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15965. [PMID: 36498048 PMCID: PMC9739731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a molecular chaperone, is overexpressed in patients suffering from obesity, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. GRP78, therefore, can be not only a biomarker to predict the progression and prognosis of obesity and metabolic diseases but also a potential therapeutic target for anti-obesity treatment. In this paper, GRP78 inhibitors targeting its ATPase domain have been reviewed. Small molecules and proteins that directly bind GRP78 have been described. Putative mechanisms of GRP78 in regulating lipid metabolism were also summarized so as to investigate the role of GRP78 in obesity and other related diseases and provide a theoretical basis for the development and design of anti-obesity drugs targeting GRP78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Pan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yunzhu Yang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Aihua Nong
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zhenzhou Tang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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24
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Ancuceanu R, Hovaneț MV, Cojocaru-Toma M, Anghel AI, Dinu M. Potential Antifungal Targets for Aspergillus sp. from the Calcineurin and Heat Shock Protein Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012543. [PMID: 36293395 PMCID: PMC9603945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species, especially A. fumigatus, and to a lesser extent others (A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus), although rarely pathogenic to healthy humans, can be very aggressive to immunocompromised patients (they are opportunistic pathogens). Although survival rates for such infections have improved in recent decades following the introduction of azole derivatives, they remain a clinical challenge. The fact that current antifungals act as fungistatic rather than fungicide, that they have limited safety, and that resistance is becoming increasingly common make the need for new, more effective, and safer therapies to become more acute. Over the last decades, knowledge about the molecular biology of A. fumigatus and other Aspergillus species, and particularly of calcineurin, Hsp90, and their signaling pathway proteins, has progressed remarkably. Although calcineurin has attracted much interest, its adverse effects, particularly its immunosuppressive effects, make it less attractive than it might at first appear. The situation is not very different for Hsp90. Other proteins from their signaling pathways, such as protein kinases phosphorylating the four SPRR serine residues, CrzA, rcnA, pmcA-pmcC (particularly pmcC), rfeF, BAR adapter protein(s), the phkB histidine kinase, sskB MAP kinase kinase, zfpA, htfA, ctfA, SwoH (nucleoside diphosphate kinase), CchA, MidA, FKBP12, the K27 lysine position from Hsp90, PkcA, MpkA, RlmA, brlA, abaA, wetA, other heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp40, Hsp12) currently appear promising and deserve further investigation as potential targets for antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Marilena Viorica Hovaneț
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Maria Cojocaru-Toma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2025 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Adriana-Iuliana Anghel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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25
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Augustyniak M, Babczyńska A, Dziewięcka M, Flasz B, Karpeta-Kaczmarek J, Kędziorski A, Mazur B, Rozpędek K, Seyed Alian R, Skowronek M, Świerczek E, Świętek A, Tarnawska M, Wiśniewska K, Ziętara P. Does age pay off? Effects of three-generational experiments of nanodiamond exposure and withdrawal in wild and longevity-selected model animals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135129. [PMID: 35636606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered a material with low toxicity. However, no studies describe the effects of ND withdrawal after multigenerational exposure. The aim was to evaluate ND exposure (in the 1st and 2nd generations) effects at low concentrations (0.2 or 2 mg kg-1) and withdrawal (in the 3rd generation) in the wild (H) and longevity-selected (D) model insect Acheta domesticus. We measured selected oxidative stress parameters, immunity, types of cell death, and DNA damage. Most of the results obtained in the 1st generation, e.g., catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heat shock proteins (HSP70), defensins, or apoptosis level, confirmed no significant toxicity of low doses of NDs. Interestingly, strain-specific differences were observed. D-strain crickets reduced autophagy, the number of ROS+ cells, and DNA damage. The effect can be a symptom of mobilization of the organism and stimulation of physiological defense mechanisms in long-living organisms. The 2nd-generation D-strain insects fed ND-spiked food at higher concentrations manifested a reduction in CAT, TAC, early apoptosis, and DNA damage, together with an increase in HSP70 and defensins. ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential and autophagy did not differ significantly from the control. H-strain insects revealed a higher number of ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential, decreased CAT activity, and early apoptosis. Elimination of NDs from the diet in the 3rd generation did not cause full recovery of the measured parameters. We noticed an increase in the concentration of HSP70 and defensins (H-strain) and a decrease in apoptosis (D-strain). However, the most visible increase was a significant increase in DNA damage, especially in H-strain individuals. The results suggest prolonged adverse effects of NDs on cellular functions, reaching beyond "contact time" with these particles. Unintentional and/or uncontrolled ND pollution of the environment poses a new challenge for all organisms inhabiting it, particularly during multigenerational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Dziewięcka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Flasz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Karpeta-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędziorski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Mazur
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rozpędek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Reyhaneh Seyed Alian
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Świerczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Wiśniewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ziętara
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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26
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Liu T, Juan Z, Xia B, Ren G, Xi Z, Hao J, Sun Z. HSP70 protects H9C2 cells from hypoxia and reoxygenation injury through STIM1/IP3R. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:535-544. [PMID: 35841499 PMCID: PMC9485396 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) is used as an in vivo model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, and myocardial ischemia can lead to heart disease. Calcium overload is an important factor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and can lead to apoptosis of myocardial cells. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to find ways to regulate calcium overload and reduce apoptosis of myocardial cells, and thus alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. There is evidence that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has a protective effect on the myocardium, but the exact mechanism of this effect is not completely understood. Stromal interaction molecule 1 and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (STIM/1IP3R) play an important role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether HSP70 plays an anti-apoptotic role in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by regulating the calcium overload pathway through STIM1/IP3R. Rat H9C2 cells were subjected to transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (incubated in glucose-free medium and hypoxia for 6 h) followed by re-exposure to glucose and reoxygenation (incubated in high glucose medium and reoxygenation for 4 h) to simulate myocardial ischemia reperfusion-induced cell injury. H9C2 cell viability was significantly decreased, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis were significantly increased after oxygen and glucose deprivation. Transfection of HSP70 into H9C2 cells could reduce the corresponding effect, increase cell viability and anti-apoptotic signal pathway, and reduce the apoptotic rate and pro-apoptotic signal pathway. After hypoxia and reoxygenation, the expression of STIM1/IP3R and intracellular calcium concentration of HSP70-overexpressed H9C2 cells were significantly lower than those of hypoxia cells. Similarly, direct silencing of STIM1 by siRNA significantly increased cell viability and expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decreased apoptosis rate and expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX. These data are consistent with HSP70 overexpression. These results suggest that HSP70 abrogates intracellular calcium overload by inhibiting upregulation of STIM1/IP3R expression, thus reducing apoptosis in H9C2 cells and playing a protective role in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianYu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang People's Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery, Weifang, 261000, China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Bin Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang People's Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - GuanHua Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang People's Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Zhen Xi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - JunWen Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - ZhongDong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang People's Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery, Weifang, 261000, China.
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27
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Tukaj S, Sitko K. Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and Hsp70 as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081153. [PMID: 36009046 PMCID: PMC9405624 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a hundred different autoimmune diseases have been described to date, which can affect every organ in the body, including the largest one, the skin. In fact, up to one-fifth of the world's population suffers from chronic, noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases, the development of which is significantly influenced by an autoimmune response. One of the hallmarks of autoimmune diseases is the loss of immune tolerance, which leads to the formation of autoreactive lymphocytes or autoantibodies and, consequently, to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The treatment of autoimmune skin diseases mainly focuses on immunosuppression (using, e.g., corticosteroids) but almost never leads to the development of permanent mechanisms of immune tolerance. In addition, current therapies and their long-term administration may cause serious adverse effects. Hence, safer and more effective therapies that bring sustained balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses are still desired. Both intra- and extracellular heat shock proteins (Hsps), specifically well-characterized inducible Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperones, have been highlighted as therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. This review presents preclinical data on the involvement of Hsp90 and Hsp70 in modulating the immune response, specifically in the context of the treatment of selected autoimmune skin diseases with emphasis on autoimmune bullous skin diseases and psoriasis.
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28
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Shao H, Taguwa S, Gilbert L, Shkedi A, Sannino S, Guerriero CJ, Gale-Day ZJ, Young ZT, Brodsky JL, Weissman J, Gestwicki JE, Frydman J. A campaign targeting a conserved Hsp70 binding site uncovers how subcellular localization is linked to distinct biological activities. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1303-1316.e3. [PMID: 35830852 PMCID: PMC9513760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potential of small molecules to localize within subcellular compartments is rarely explored. To probe this question, we measured the localization of Hsp70 inhibitors using fluorescence microscopy. We found that even closely related analogs had dramatically different distributions, with some residing predominantly in the mitochondria and others in the ER. CRISPRi screens supported this idea, showing that different compounds had distinct chemogenetic interactions with Hsp70s of the ER (HSPA5/BiP) and mitochondria (HSPA9/mortalin) and their co-chaperones. Moreover, localization seemed to determine function, even for molecules with conserved binding sites. Compounds with distinct partitioning have distinct anti-proliferative activity in breast cancer cells compared with anti-viral activity in cellular models of Dengue virus replication, likely because different sets of Hsp70s are required in these processes. These findings highlight the contributions of subcellular partitioning and chemogenetic interactions to small molecule activity, features that are rarely explored during medicinal chemistry campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shuhei Taguwa
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Luke Gilbert
- Department of Urology and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arielle Shkedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Zachary J Gale-Day
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zapporah T Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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29
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Song B, Shen S, Fu S, Fu J. HSPA6 and its role in cancers and other diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10565-10577. [PMID: 35666422 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 6 (HSPA6) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: 140555) belongs to the HSP70 family and is a partially conserved inducible protein in mammals. The HSPA6 gene locates on the human chromosome 1q23.3 and encodes a protein containing two important structural domains: The N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain and the C-terminal substrate-binding domain. Currently, studies have found that HSPA6 not only plays a role in the tumorigenesis and tumor progresses but also causes non-tumor-related diseases. Furthermore, HSPA6 exhibits to inhibit tumorigenesis and tumor progression in some types of cancers but promotes in others. Even though HSPA6 research has increased, its exact roles and mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviews the structure, expression, function, research progress, possible mechanism, and perspective of HSPA6 in cancers and other diseases, highlighting its potential role as a targeted therapeutic and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Song
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangyi Fu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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30
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François-Moutal L, Scott DD, Ambrose AJ, Zerio CJ, Rodriguez-Sanchez M, Dissanayake K, May DG, Carlson JM, Barbieri E, Moutal A, Roux KJ, Shorter J, Khanna R, Barmada SJ, McGurk L, Khanna M. Heat shock protein Grp78/BiP/HspA5 binds directly to TDP-43 and mitigates toxicity associated with disease pathology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8140. [PMID: 35581326 PMCID: PMC9114370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure or effective treatment in which TAR DNA Binding Protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) abnormally accumulates into misfolded protein aggregates in affected neurons. It is widely accepted that protein misfolding and aggregation promotes proteotoxic stress. The molecular chaperones are a primary line of defense against proteotoxic stress, and there has been long-standing interest in understanding the relationship between chaperones and aggregated protein in ALS. Of particular interest are the heat shock protein of 70 kDa (Hsp70) family of chaperones. However, defining which of the 13 human Hsp70 isoforms is critical for ALS has presented many challenges. To gain insight into the specific Hsp70 that modulates TDP-43, we investigated the relationship between TDP-43 and the Hsp70s using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and discovered several Hsp70 isoforms associated with TDP-43 in the nucleus, raising the possibility of an interaction with native TDP-43. We further found that HspA5 bound specifically to the RNA-binding domain of TDP-43 using recombinantly expressed proteins. Moreover, in a Drosophila strain that mimics ALS upon TDP-43 expression, the mRNA levels of the HspA5 homologue (Hsc70.3) were significantly increased. Similarly we observed upregulation of HspA5 in prefrontal cortex neurons from human ALS patients. Finally, overexpression of HspA5 in Drosophila rescued TDP-43-induced toxicity, suggesting that upregulation of HspA5 may have a compensatory role in ALS pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David Donald Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Andrew J Ambrose
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Kumara Dissanayake
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Danielle G May
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jacob M Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Edward Barbieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Leeanne McGurk
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. .,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, NYU, 433 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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31
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Jia J, Liu G, Zhong J, Yan R, Song X, Zheng K, Ren Z, He Z, Zhu Q. Heat Shock Protein A6 Is Especially Involved in Enterovirus 71 Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865644. [PMID: 35308396 PMCID: PMC8931677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is still a major infectious disease threatening children’s life and health in the absence of effective antiviral drugs due to its high prevalence and neurovirulence. A study of EV71-specific host response might shed some light on the reason behind its unique epidemiologic features and help to find means to conquer EV71 infection. We reported that host heat shock protein A6 (HSPA6) was induced by EV71 infection and involved infection in both Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells and neurogliocytes. Most importantly, we found that EV71 did not induce the expression of other heat shock proteins HSPA1, HSPA8, and HSPB1 under the same conditions, and other HFMD-associated viruses including CVA16, CVA6, CVA10, and CVB1-3 did not induce the upregulation of HSPA6. In addition, EV71 infection enhanced the cytoplasmic aggregation of HSPA6 and its colocalization with viral capsid protein VP1. These findings suggest that HSPA6 is a potential EV71-specific host factor worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ge Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhendan He,
| | - Qinchang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Qinchang Zhu,
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32
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O’Connor S, Le Bihan YV, Westwood IM, Liu M, Mak OW, Zazeri G, Povinelli APR, Jones AM, van Montfort R, Reynisson J, Collins I. Discovery and Characterization of a Cryptic Secondary Binding Site in the Molecular Chaperone HSP70. Molecules 2022; 27:817. [PMID: 35164081 PMCID: PMC8839746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein 70s (HSP70s) are key molecular chaperones that are overexpressed in many cancers and often associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. It has proven difficult to develop ATP-competitive, drug-like small molecule inhibitors of HSP70s due to the flexible and hydrophilic nature of the HSP70 ATP-binding site and its high affinity for endogenous nucleotides. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for the inhibition of HSP70 through alternative binding sites using fragment-based approaches. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fragment screen designed to detect secondary binding sites in HSP70 led to the identification by X-ray crystallography of a cryptic binding site in the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of HSP70 adjacent to the ATP-binding site. Fragment binding was confirmed and characterized as ATP-competitive using SPR and ligand-observed NMR methods. Molecular dynamics simulations were applied to understand the interactions with the protein upon ligand binding, and local secondary structure changes consistent with interconversion between the observed crystal structures with and without the cryptic pocket were detected. A virtual high-throughput screen (vHTS) against the cryptic pocket was conducted, and five compounds with diverse chemical scaffolds were confirmed to bind to HSP70 with micromolar affinity by SPR. These results identified and characterized a new targetable site on HSP70. While targeting HSP70 remains challenging, the new site may provide opportunities to develop allosteric ATP-competitive inhibitors with differentiated physicochemical properties from current series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne O’Connor
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (S.O.); (Y.-V.L.B.); (I.M.W.); (M.L.); (R.v.M.)
| | - Yann-Vaï Le Bihan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (S.O.); (Y.-V.L.B.); (I.M.W.); (M.L.); (R.v.M.)
| | - Isaac M. Westwood
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (S.O.); (Y.-V.L.B.); (I.M.W.); (M.L.); (R.v.M.)
| | - Manjuan Liu
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (S.O.); (Y.-V.L.B.); (I.M.W.); (M.L.); (R.v.M.)
| | - Oi Wei Mak
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (O.W.M.); (J.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gabriel Zazeri
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.); (A.M.J.)
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Ana P. R. Povinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.); (A.M.J.)
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Rob van Montfort
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (S.O.); (Y.-V.L.B.); (I.M.W.); (M.L.); (R.v.M.)
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (O.W.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (S.O.); (Y.-V.L.B.); (I.M.W.); (M.L.); (R.v.M.)
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33
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Zhang Z, Liu H, Hu X, He Y, Li L, Yang X, Wang C, Hu M, Tao S. Heat Shock Protein 70 Mediates the Protective Effect of Naringenin on High-Glucose-Induced Alterations of Endothelial Function. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:7275765. [PMID: 35958293 PMCID: PMC9359828 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7275765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications. Naringenin (Nar) is a flavanone bioactive isolated from citrus fruits known to have in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic properties. However, whether Nar affects endothelial function remains unclear in diabetes or under high-glucose (HG) condition. Using an in vitro model of hyperglycemia in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we found that Nar administration markedly attenuated HG-induced alterations of endothelial function, evidenced by the mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation, the reduction of cell adhesion molecular expressions, and the improvement of insulin resistance. We also found that HG exposure significantly reduced the levels of intracellular heat shock protein 70 (iHSP70 or iHSPA1A) and the release of HSP70 from HUVECs. HSP70 depletion mimicked and clearly diminished the protective effects of Nar on HG-induced alterations of endothelial function. In addition, Nar treatment significantly enhanced iHSP70 protein levels through a transcription-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that Nar could protect HUVECs against HG-induced alterations of endothelial function through upregulating iHSP70 protein levels. These findings are also helpful in providing new therapeutic strategies that are promising in the clinical use of Nar for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yikang He
- Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Nursing, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingbai Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shengxiang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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34
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Hosfelt J, Richards A, Zheng M, Adura C, Nelson B, Yang A, Fay A, Resager W, Ueberheide B, Glickman JF, Lupoli TJ. An allosteric inhibitor of bacterial Hsp70 chaperone potentiates antibiotics and mitigates resistance. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:854-869.e9. [PMID: 34818532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DnaK is the bacterial homolog of Hsp70, an ATP-dependent chaperone that helps cofactor proteins to catalyze nascent protein folding and salvage misfolded proteins. In the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), DnaK and its cofactors are proposed antimycobacterial targets, yet few small-molecule inhibitors or probes exist for these families of proteins. Here, we describe the repurposing of a drug called telaprevir that is able to allosterically inhibit the ATPase activity of DnaK and to prevent chaperone function by mimicking peptide substrates. In mycobacterial cells, telaprevir disrupts DnaK- and cofactor-mediated cellular proteostasis, resulting in enhanced efficacy of aminoglycoside antibiotics and reduced resistance to the frontline TB drug rifampin. Hence, this work contributes to a small but growing collection of protein chaperone inhibitors, and it demonstrates that these molecules disrupt bacterial mechanisms of survival in the presence of different antibiotic classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hosfelt
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Aweon Richards
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Carolina Adura
- High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brock Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Amy Yang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Allison Fay
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Insitute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William Resager
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Neurology and Director Proteomics Lab, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Neurology and Director Proteomics Lab, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - J Fraser Glickman
- High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tania J Lupoli
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Proteotoxic Stress as an Exploitable Vulnerability in Cells with Hyperactive AKT. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111376. [PMID: 34768807 PMCID: PMC8583472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivity of serine-threonine kinase AKT is one of the most common molecular abnormalities in cancer, where it contributes to poor outcomes by facilitating the growth and survival of malignant cells. Despite its well-documented anti-apoptotic effects, hyperactivity of AKT is also known to be stressful to a cell. In an attempt to better elucidate this phenomenon, we observed the signs of proteotoxic stress in cells that harbor hyperactive AKT or have lost its principal negative regulator, PTEN. The activity of HSF1 was predictably elevated under these circumstances. However, such cells proved more sensitive to various regimens of heat shock, including the conditions that were well-tolerated by syngeneic cells without AKT hyperactivity. The sensitizing effect of hyperactive AKT was also seen in HSF1-deficient cells, suggesting that the phenomenon does not require the regulation of HSF1 by this kinase. Notably, the elevated activity of AKT was accompanied by increased levels of XBP1, a key component of cell defense against proteotoxic stress. Interestingly, the cells harboring hyperactive AKT were also more dependent on XBP1 for their growth. Our observations suggest that proteotoxic stress conferred by hyperactive AKT represents a targetable vulnerability, which can be exploited by either elevating the stress above the level tolerated by such cells or by eliminating the factors that enable such tolerance.
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36
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Potteth US, Upadhyay T, Saini S, Saraogi I. Novel Antibacterial Targets in Protein Biogenesis Pathways. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100459. [PMID: 34643994 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat due to the ability of bacteria to quickly evolve in response to the selection pressure induced by anti-infective drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics against resistant bacteria. In this review, we discuss pathways involving bacterial protein biogenesis as attractive antibacterial targets since many of them are essential for bacterial survival and virulence. We discuss the structural understanding of various components associated with bacterial protein biogenesis, which in turn can be utilized for rational antibiotic design. We highlight efforts made towards developing inhibitors of these pathways with insights into future possibilities and challenges. We also briefly discuss other potential targets related to protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana S Potteth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tulsi Upadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Snehlata Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishu Saraogi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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37
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Targeting Chaperone/Co-Chaperone Interactions with Small Molecules: A Novel Approach to Tackle Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102596. [PMID: 34685574 PMCID: PMC8534281 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of the proteostasis network is a molecular hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Molecular chaperones are a major component of the proteostasis network and maintain cellular homeostasis by folding client proteins, assisting with intracellular transport, and interfering with protein aggregation or degradation. Heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) and 90 kDa (Hsp90) are two of the most important chaperones whose functions are dependent on ATP hydrolysis and collaboration with their co-chaperones. Numerous studies implicate Hsp70, Hsp90, and their co-chaperones in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting the specific protein–protein interactions between chaperones and their particular partner co-chaperones with small molecules provides an opportunity to specifically modulate Hsp70 or Hsp90 function for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the roles of co-chaperones in Hsp70 or Hsp90 chaperone cycles, the impacts of co-chaperones in neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of small molecules modulating chaperone/co-chaperone interactions. We also provide a future perspective of drug development targeting chaperone/co-chaperone interactions for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Bergamini S, Bellei E, Generali L, Tomasi A, Bertoldi C. A Proteomic Analysis of Discolored Tooth Surfaces after the Use of 0.12% Chlorhexidine (CHX) Mouthwash and CHX Provided with an Anti-Discoloration System (ADS). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154338. [PMID: 34361532 PMCID: PMC8347691 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard for the chemical control of bacterial plaque and is often used after surgical treatment. However, CHX employment over an extended time is responsible for side effects such as the appearance of pigmentations on the teeth and tongue; the discoloration effects are less pronounced when using a CHX-based mouthwash with added an anti-discoloration system (ADS). The aim of this study was to evaluate, using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry, the possible proteomic changes induced by CHX and CHX+ADS in the supragingival dental sites susceptible to a discoloration effect. The tooth surface collected material (TSCM) was obtained by curettage after resective bone surgery from three groups of patients following a supportive therapy protocol in which a mechanical control was combined with placebo rinses or CHX or a CHX+ADS mouthwash. The proteomic analysis was performed before surgery (basal conditions) and four weeks after surgery when CHX was used (or not) as chemical plaque control. Changes in the TSCM proteome were only revealed following CHX treatment: glycolytic enzymes, molecular chaperones and elongation factors were identified as more expressed. These changes were not detected after CHX+ADS treatment. An ADS could directly limit TSCM forming and also the CHX antiseptic effect reduces its ability to alter bacterial cell permeability. However, Maillard’s reaction produces high molecular weight molecules that change the surface properties and could facilitate bacterial adhesion.
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