1
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Gaur V, Tyagi W, Das S, Ganguly S, Bhattacharyya J. CD40 agonist engineered immunosomes modulated tumor microenvironment and showed pro-immunogenic response, reduced toxicity, and tumor free survival in mice bearing glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122688. [PMID: 38943821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
CD40 agonist antibodies (αCD40) have shown promising anti-tumor response in both preclinical and early clinical studies. However, its systemic administration is associated with immune- and hepato-toxicities which hampers its clinical usage. In addition, αCD40 showed low tumor retention and induced PD-L1 expression which makes tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppressive. To overcome these issues, in this study, we have developed a multifunctional Immunosome where αCD40 is conjugated on the surface and RRX-001, a small molecule immunomodulator was encapsulated inside it. Immunosomes showed higher tumor accumulation till 96 h of administration and displayed sustained release of αCD40 in vivo. Immunosomes significantly delayed tumor growth and showed tumor free survival in mice bearing GL-261 glioblastoma by increasing the population of CD45+CD8+ T cells, CD45+CD20+ B cells, CD45+CD11c+ DCs and F4/80+CD86+ cells in TME. Immunosome significantly reduced the population of T-regulatory cells, M2 macrophage, and MDSCs and lowered the PD-L1 expression. Moreover, Immunosomes significantly enhanced the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-2) over Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) which supported anti-tumor response. Most interestingly, Immunosomes averted the in vivo toxicities associated with free αCD40 by lowering the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), IL-6, IL-1α and reduced the degree of liver damage. In addition, Immunosomes treated long-term surviving mice showed tumor specific immune memory response which prevented tumor growth upon rechallenge. Our results suggested that this novel formulation can be further explored in clinics to improve in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of αCD40 with long-lasting tumor specific immunity while reducing the associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidit Gaur
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India
| | - Witty Tyagi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Das
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Delhi, India
| | - Surajit Ganguly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India.
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2
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Fu Z, Feng M, Wu J, Liu B, Fu J, Song W. Photodynamic Therapy Synergizes CD47 Blockade Strategy for Enhanced Antitumor Therapy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3897-3908. [PMID: 38959154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The antitumor strategies based on innate immunity activation have become favored by researchers in recent years. In particular, strategies targeting antiphagocytic signaling blockade to enhance phagocytosis have been widely reported. For example, the addition of prophagocytic signals such as calreticulin could make the strategy significantly more effective. In this study, an antitumor strategy that combines photodynamic therapy (PDT) with CD47 blockade has been reported. This approach promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and the presentation of tumor antigens by PDT-mediated tumor immunogenic cell death, as well as the enhancement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration in tumor areas and the phagocytic activity of phagocytes. Furthermore, the downregulation and blockage of CD47 protein could further promote phagocytic activity, strengthen the innate immune system, and ultimately elevate the antitumor efficacy and inhibit tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Minghui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinxian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
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3
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Xie T, Huang C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Guo P, Phann TT, Cheng Y, Lei L, Tao Z, Gao Q, Wei H, Yu CY. An "All-In-One" Immunomodulator-Engineered Clinical Translatable Immunotherapy of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304476. [PMID: 38519415 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Clinical treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant challenge. Utilizing 1-bromoacetyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (RRx-001) to downregulate the expression of innate immune checkpoint molecule, cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), provides a powerful means for treating advanced HCC containing abundant immunosuppressive macrophages. Herein engineering of a previously optimized Doxorubicin (DOX)-delivery nanoplatform based on sodium alginate is reported to further co-deliver RRx-001 (biotinylated aldehyde alginate-doxorubicin micelle prodrug nanoplatform, BEA-D@R) for efficient immunotherapy of advanced HCC. This groundbreaking technique reveals the "all-in-one" immunotherapeutic functionalities of RRx-001. Besides the previously demonstrated functions of downregulating CD47 expression and increasing reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation, another key function of RRx-001 for downregulating the expression of the adaptive immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) is first uncovered here. Combined with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and an upregulated "eat me" signal level of DOX, BEA-D@R collectively increases RNS generation, enhances T-cell infiltration, and maximizes macrophage phagocytosis, leading to an average of 40% tumor elimination in a mice model bearing an initial tumor volume of ≈300 mm3 that mimics advanced HCC. Overall, the "all-in-one" immunotherapeutic functionalities of a clinical translatable nanoplatform are uncovered for enhanced immunotherapy of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Pei Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Thuy Thu Phann
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Longtianyang Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhenghao Tao
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
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4
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Conley A, Larson C, Oronsky B, Stirn M, Caroen S, Reid TR. Hypothesis: AdAPT-001 and pseudoprogression - when seeing is not necessarily believing. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008809. [PMID: 38886116 PMCID: PMC11184182 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the high occurrence of clinical pseudoprogression and delayed responses that have been observed to date with the locally injected oncolytic adenovirus, AdAPT-001, currently in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT04673942) for the treatment of treatment-refractory tumors. Not surprisingly, these have led to confusion about response assessment and whether to continue patients on treatment. AdAPT-001 carries a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta trap (TGF-β), which sequesters TGF-β, a cytokine that potently regulates inflammation, fibrosis, and immunosuppression in cancer. Pseudoprogression (PsP) or progression prior to response or stabilization, has been widely recognized with radiotherapy for primary brain tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). PsP has also been described and documented in the context of oncolytic virotherapy but perhaps to a lesser extent. However, repeated intratumoral injections with these immunostimulatory agents may induce a more intense immune response and release more antigenic epitopes than with ICIs, for example, which are strictly T-cell directed rather than also tumor-directed like AdAPT-001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Conley
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Saraei P, Heshmati A, Hosseini S. Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the female genital tract: A comprehensive overview. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13394. [PMID: 38626758 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNECs) of the female genital tract are rare and aggressive tumors that are characterized by a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis. They can arise from various sites within the female genital tract, including the cervix, endometrium, ovary, fallopian tube, vagina, and vulva. They are composed of cells with neuroendocrine features, such as the ability to produce and secrete hormones and peptides, and a high mitotic rate. Immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers, such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56, can aid in the diagnosis of these tumors. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors associated with these tumors, as well as their clinical presentation, cellular characteristics, diagnosis, and finally the current treatment options for SCNECs, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, alone or in combination.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/therapy
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/pathology
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/epidemiology
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Saraei
- Department of Medical Physics, Medicine School, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Heshmati
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sare Hosseini
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Toldo S, Abbate A. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:219-237. [PMID: 37923829 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
An intense, stereotyped inflammatory response occurs in response to ischaemic and non-ischaemic injury to the myocardium. The NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a finely regulated macromolecular protein complex that senses the injury and triggers and amplifies the inflammatory response by activation of caspase 1; cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, to their mature forms; and induction of inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). Inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and blockers of IL-1β and IL-18 activity have been shown to reduce injury to the myocardium and pericardium, favour resolution of the inflammation and preserve cardiac function. In this Review, we discuss the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome and how it is formed and activated in various ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiac pathologies (acute myocardial infarction, cardiac dysfunction and remodelling, atherothrombosis, myocarditis and pericarditis, cardiotoxicity and cardiac sarcoidosis). We also summarize current preclinical and clinical evidence from studies of agents that target the NLRP3 inflammasome and related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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7
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Vande Walle L, Lamkanfi M. Drugging the NLRP3 inflammasome: from signalling mechanisms to therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:43-66. [PMID: 38030687 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diseases associated with chronic inflammation constitute a major health burden across the world. As central instigators of the inflammatory response to infection and tissue damage, inflammasomes - and the NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in particular - have emerged as key regulators in diverse rheumatic, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Similarly to other inflammasome sensors, NLRP3 assembles a cytosolic innate immune complex that activates the cysteine protease caspase-1, which in turn cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce pyroptosis, a regulated mode of lytic cell death. Pyroptosis is highly inflammatory, partly because of the concomitant extracellular release of the inflammasome-dependent cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 along with a myriad of additional danger signals and intracellular antigens. Here, we discuss how NLRP3 and downstream inflammasome effectors such as GSDMD, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and nerve injury-induced protein 1 (NINJ1) have gained significant traction as therapeutic targets. We highlight the recent progress in developing small-molecule and biologic inhibitors that are advancing into the clinic and serving to harness the broad therapeutic potential of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Vande Walle
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Oronsky B, Cabrales P, Alizadeh B, Caroen S, Stirn M, Williams J, Reid TR. TGF-β: the apex predator of immune checkpoints. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2013-2015. [PMID: 37503560 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- Department of Research and Development, EpicentRx, Inc. Torrey Pines, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Babak Alizadeh
- Department of Research and Development, EpicentRx, Inc. Torrey Pines, CA 92037, USA
| | - Scott Caroen
- Department of Research and Development, EpicentRx, Inc. Torrey Pines, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meaghan Stirn
- Department of Research and Development, EpicentRx, Inc. Torrey Pines, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeannie Williams
- Department of Research and Development, EpicentRx, Inc. Torrey Pines, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tony R Reid
- Department of Research and Development, EpicentRx, Inc. Torrey Pines, CA 92037, USA
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9
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Abstract
An analysis of 156 published clinical candidates from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry between 2018 and 2021 was conducted to identify lead generation strategies most frequently employed leading to drug candidates. As in a previous publication, the most frequent lead generation strategies resulting in clinical candidates were from known compounds (59%) followed by random screening approaches (21%). The remainder of the approaches included directed screening, fragment screening, DNA-encoded library screening (DEL), and virtual screening. An analysis of similarity was also conducted based on Tanimoto-MCS and revealed most clinical candidates were distant from their original hits; however, most shared a key pharmacophore that translated from hit-to-clinical candidate. An examination of frequency of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur incorporation in clinical candidates was also conducted. The three most similar and least similar hit-to-clinical pairs from random screening were examined to provide perspective on changes that occur that lead to successful clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Brown
- Jnana Therapeutics, One Design Center Pl Suite 19-400, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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10
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Wang Z, Hu N, Wang H, Wu Y, Quan G, Wu Y, Li X, Feng J, Luo L. High-affinity decoy protein, nFD164, with an inactive Fc region as a potential therapeutic drug targeting CD47. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114618. [PMID: 37011485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47, as an innate immune checkpoint molecule, is an important target of cancer immunotherapy. We previously reported that a high-affinity SIRPα variant FD164 fused with IgG1 subtype Fc showed a better antitumor effect than wild-type SIRPα in an immunodeficient tumor-bearing model. However, CD47 is widely expressed in blood cells, and the drugs targeting CD47 may cause potential hematological toxicity. Herein, we modified the FD164 molecule by Fc mutation (N297A) to inactivate the Fc-related effector function and named it nFD164. Moreover, we further studied the potential of nFD164 as a candidate drug targeting CD47, including the stability, in vitro activity, antitumor activity of single or combined drugs in vivo, and hematological toxicity in humanized CD47/SIRPα transgenic mouse model. The results show that nFD164 maintains strong binding activity to CD47 on tumor cells, but has weak binding activity with red blood cells or white blood cells, and nFD164 has good drug stability under accelerated conditions (high temperature, bright light and freeze-thaw cycles). More importantly, in the immunodeficient or humanized CD47/SIRPα transgenic mice bearing tumor model, the combination of nFD164 and anti-CD20 antibody or anti-mPD-1 antibody had a synergistic antitumor effect. Especially in transgenic mouse models, nFD164 combined with anti-mPD-1 significantly enhanced tumor suppressive activity compared with anti-mPD-1 (P < 0.01) or nFD164 (P < 0.01) as a single drug and had fewer hematology-related side effects than FD164 or Hu5F9-G4. When these factors are taken together, nFD164 is a promising high-affinity CD47-targeting drug candidate with better stability, potential antitumor activity, and improved safety profile.
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11
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Oronsky B, Takahashi L, Gordon R, Cabrales P, Caroen S, Reid T. RRx-001: a chimeric triple action NLRP3 inhibitor, Nrf2 inducer, and nitric oxide superagonist. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1204143. [PMID: 37313460 PMCID: PMC10258348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1204143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RRx-001 is a shape shifting small molecule with Fast Track designation for the prevention/amelioration of chemoradiation-induced severe oral mucositis (SOM) in newly diagnosed Head and Neck cancer. It has been intentionally developed or "engineered" as a chimeric single molecular entity that targets multiple redox-based mechanisms. Like an antibody drug conjugate (ADC), RRx-001 contains, at one end a "targeting" moiety, which binds to the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibits it as well as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), the negative regulator of Nrf2, and, at the other end, a conformationally constrained, dinitro containing 4 membered ring, which fragments under conditions of hypoxia and reduction to release therapeutically active metabolites i.e., the payload. This "payload", which is delivered specifically to hypoperfused and inflamed areas, includes nitric oxide, nitric oxide related species and carbon-centered radicals. As observed with ADCs, RRx-001 contains a backbone amide "linker" attached to a binding site, which correlates with the Fab region of an antibody, and to the dinitroazetidine payload, which is microenvironmentally activated. However, unlike ADCs, whose large size impacts their pharmacokinetic properties, RRx-001 is a nonpolar small molecule that easily crosses cell membranes and the blood brain barrier (BBB) and distributes systemically. This short review is organized around the de novo design and in vivo pro-oxidant/pro-inflammatory and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activity of RRx-001, which, in turn, depends on the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio and the oxygenation status of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | - Lori Takahashi
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | - Richard Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Scott Caroen
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | - Tony Reid
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
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12
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Gong M, Huang Y, Feng H, Lin J, Huang A, Hu J, Tang Q, Zhu X, Han S, Lu J, Wang J. A nanodrug combining CD47 and sonodynamic therapy efficiently inhibits osteosarcoma deterioration. J Control Release 2023; 355:68-84. [PMID: 36682726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for osteosarcoma (OS) with pulmonary metastases reach a bottleneck with a survival rate of 10-20%. The suppressive tumor associated macrophages(TAMs) and CD47 over-expression greatly lead to the treatment failure. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can generate ROS with deep tumor penetration to induce tumor cell apoptosis, which is reported to further induce M1 macrophage polarization. CD47 inhibition combined with SDT to synergistically modulate TAMs may induce superior effects for OS treatment. In this work, for the first time, a biomimetic nanodrug named MPIRx was deveploped by loading IR780 (a sonosensitizer) and RRx-001 (a CD47 inhibitor) in PEG-PCL nanomicelles and then coating with OS cell membranes. After ultrasound activation, the nanodrug significantly inhibited OS proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis and immunogenic cell death in OS cells. Furthermore, MPIRx could guide macrophage migrating towards tumor cells and promote M1-type polarization while increasing the phagocytosis activity of macrophages on OS cells. Ultimately, MPIRx showed good tumor accumulation in vivo and successfully inhibited subcutaneous OS and orthotopic tumor with deterioration of pulmonary metastasis. Overall, by creating a local oxidative microenvironment and modulating the TAMs/CD47 in tumor tissue, the MPIRx nanodrug presents a novel strategy for macrophage-related immunotherapy to successfully eliminate OS and inhibit the intractable pulmonary metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gong
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Huixiong Feng
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Jiaming Lin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Anfei Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Jinxin Hu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Qinglian Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Shisong Han
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, PR China.
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.
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13
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Bonomi M, Blakaj DM, Kabarriti R, Colvett K, Takiar V, Biagioli M, Bar-Ad V, Goyal S, Muzyka B, Niermann K, Abrouk N, Oronsky B, Reid T, Caroen S, Sonis S, Sher DJ. PREVLAR: Phase 2a Randomized Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of RRx-001 in the Attenuation of Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Head and Neck Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023:S0360-3016(22)03683-5. [PMID: 36646388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE No Food and Drug Administration-approved intervention exists for oral mucositis (OM) from chemoradiotherapy (CRT) used to treat head and neck cancers. RRx-001 is a hypoxia-activated, cysteine-directed molecule that affects key pathways involved in OM pathogenesis. This phase 2a, multi-institutional trial was designed to assess the safety and feasibility of 3 schedules of a fixed concentration of RRx-001; a standard-of-care arm was included to identify potential signals of efficacy for further study. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study enrolled patients with oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma receiving definitive or postoperative cisplatin-based CRT. Patients were randomized into 4 cohorts. In arms 1 to 3, RRx-001 was coinfused with patients' blood at differing intervals. Arm 4 was a control cohort of patients treated with CRT alone. Trained evaluators assessed OM using a standardized data collection instrument twice weekly during treatment and then until resolution. OM severity was scored centrally using World Health Organization criteria. Safety outcomes were assessed using National Cancer Institute - Common Terminology Criteriav4 benchmarks. Long-term tumor response was defined by Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors v1.1 criteria. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were enrolled, with 46 and 45 individuals contributing safety and efficacy data, respectively. There were no severe adverse events attributed to the study drug. Across all 3 active arms, the study drug was infused fully per protocol in 86% of patients. All 3 RRx-001 treatment cohorts appeared to demonstrate a similar or lower OM duration relative to control; arm 1 had the lowest median duration of severe oral mucositis (SOM), 8.5 days versus 24 days in controls among patients who developed at least 1 day of SOM. There were no locoregional failures in any patient. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the safety and feasibility of RRx-001 as an intervention to mitigate SOM. Additional studies are planned to confirm its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dukagjin M Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rafi Kabarriti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Kyle Colvett
- Johnson City Medical Center, Mountain States Health Alliance, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Voichita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharad Goyal
- Division of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Brian Muzyka
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth Niermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nacer Abrouk
- Clinical Trials Innovations LLC, Mountain View, California
| | | | - Tony Reid
- EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Stephen Sonis
- Department of Surgery, Primary Endpoint Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Sher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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14
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Reid T, Oronsky B, Caroen S, Quinn M, Williams J, Cabrales P, Abrouk N. Phase 1 pilot study of RRx-001 + nivolumab in patients with advanced metastatic cancer (PRIMETIME). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104753. [PMID: 36960054 PMCID: PMC10028591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bromonitrozidine (RRx-001) is a minimally toxic, NLRP3 inhibitor that has been observed, in experimental systems, to also downregulate CD47, repolarize tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and normalize aberrant tumor perfusion. This phase 1 pilot study was undertaken to determine the safety and feasibility of RRx-001 and nivolumab in patients with advanced cancer and no standard options. Methods This single arm, single site, open-label pilot study (NCT02518958) called PRIMETIME was designed to evaluate the safety profile of RRx-001 and nivolumab in patients with advanced malignancies and no other standard therapeutic options. A 3 + 3 trial design was used to establish safety of the combination at each dose level and guide the decision to escalate dose. RRx-001 is infused once weekly while nivolumab is given at 3mg/kg once every 2 weeks. The RRx-001 starting dose was 2 mg IV weekly with 4 dose level escalations up to 16 mg IV weekly. From January 2015 to November 2015, twelve patients received treatment for only 4 cycles (total 12 weeks) with the combination due to unavailability of nivolumab, which was not supplied to the Sponsor. Treatment-emergent (all cause, TEAEs) and treatment-related (TRAEs) adverse events that occurred within 16 weeks of the first dose of RRx-001 and nivolumab were characterized according to CTCAE v4.03. Results Twelve patients received ≥1 dose of RRx-001 and nivolumab. One discontinuation occurred due to pneumonitis and one to voluntary withdrawal after a post-procedural infection. There were no DLTs. The main adverse event related to RRx-001 was infusion reaction (33.3%). The main adverse event related to the combination was pseudoprogression manifested by larger tumors in patients that were symptomatically improved (25%). The most common immune-related treatment-emergent AEs were pneumonitis (8.3%), and hypothyroidism (8.3%). The objective response rate at 12 weeks was 25% and the disease control rate (DCR) consisting of ≥SD was 67% by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. 25% of the patients progressed on the combination. Conclusions The combination of RRx-001 and nivolumab was safe and well-tolerated with preliminary evidence of anti-cancer activity. Further clinical trials with RRx-001 and nivolumab are warranted. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02518958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Reid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bryan Oronsky,
| | | | - Mary Quinn
- EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | | | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nacer Abrouk
- Clinical Trial Innovations, Mountain View, CA, United States
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15
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Hammond TC, Lee RC, Oronsky B, Reid TR, Caroen S, Juarez TM, Gill J, Heng A, Kesari S. Clinical Course of Two Patients with COVID-19 Respiratory Failure After Administration of the Anticancer Small Molecule, RRx-001. Int Med Case Rep J 2022; 15:735-738. [PMID: 36545548 PMCID: PMC9762260 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s389690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two critically ill COVID-19 infected patients, who had exhausted all available treatment options, were treated with the small-molecule RRx-001 with subsequent improvement. RRx-001, a first-in-class small molecule with anti-inflammatory, vascular normalizing and macrophage-repolarizing properties, has been safely administered 300+ patients in clinical trials. This is the first report of RRx-001 treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Catherine Hammond
- Providence St. Johns Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Raymond C Lee
- Providence St. Johns Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,Cardiovascular Thoracic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA,Correspondence: Bryan Oronsky, EpicentRx, Inc, 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA, Tel +1 858 947-6635, Fax +1 858 724-3080, Email
| | | | | | | | - Jaya Gill
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Annie Heng
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Providence St. Johns Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA,Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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16
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Kanter J, Oronsky B, Reid T, Caroen S, Stirn M, Brinkhaus F, Kumar R, Stirn S. Explosive Hazards Identified during the Manufacture and Transportation of 1-Bromoacetyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (RRx-001). Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Kanter
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tony Reid
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Scott Caroen
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Meaghan Stirn
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Franck Brinkhaus
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Raj Kumar
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Scott Stirn
- EpicentRx Inc. 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 160, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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17
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Behrens LM, van den Berg TK, van Egmond M. Targeting the CD47-SIRPα Innate Immune Checkpoint to Potentiate Antibody Therapy in Cancer by Neutrophils. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143366. [PMID: 35884427 PMCID: PMC9319280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy aims to engage various immune cells in the elimination of cancer cells. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the circulation and have unique mechanisms by which they can kill cancer cells opsonized by antibodies. However, neutrophil effector functions are limited by the inhibitory receptor SIRPα, when it interacts with CD47. The CD47 protein is expressed on all cells in the body and acts as a ‘don’t eat me’ signal to prevent tissue damage. Cancer cells can express high levels of CD47 to circumvent tumor elimination. Thus, blocking the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα may enhance anti-tumor effects by neutrophils in the presence of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we discuss CD47-SIRPα as an innate immune checkpoint on neutrophils and explore the preliminary results of clinical trials using CD47-SIRPα blocking agents. Abstract In the past 25 years, a considerable number of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against a variety of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have become available for the targeted treatment of hematologic and solid cancers. Such antibodies opsonize cancer cells and can trigger cytotoxic responses mediated by Fc-receptor expressing immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although frequently ignored, neutrophils, which are abundantly present in the circulation and many cancers, have demonstrated to constitute bona fide effector cells for antibody-mediated tumor elimination in vivo. It has now also been established that neutrophils exert a unique mechanism of cytotoxicity towards antibody-opsonized tumor cells, known as trogoptosis, which involves Fc-receptor (FcR)-mediated trogocytosis of cancer cell plasma membrane leading to a lytic/necrotic type of cell death. However, neutrophils prominently express the myeloid inhibitory receptor SIRPα, which upon interaction with the ‘don’t eat me’ signal CD47 on cancer cells, limits cytotoxicity, forming a mechanism of resistance towards anti-cancer antibody therapeutics. In fact, tumor cells often overexpress CD47, thereby even more strongly restricting neutrophil-mediated tumor killing. Blocking the CD47-SIRPα interaction may therefore potentiate neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards cancer cells, and various inhibitors of the CD47-SIRPα axis are now in clinical studies. Here, we review the role of neutrophils in antibody therapy in cancer and their regulation by the CD47-SIRPα innate immune checkpoint. Moreover, initial results of CD47-SIRPα blockade in clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M. Behrens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.v.d.B.); (M.v.E.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.v.d.B.); (M.v.E.)
- Byondis B.V., 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.v.d.B.); (M.v.E.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Dhas N, García MC, Kudarha R, Pandey A, Nikam AN, Gopalan D, Fernandes G, Soman S, Kulkarni S, Seetharam RN, Tiwari R, Wairkar S, Pardeshi C, Mutalik S. Advancements in cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles: A bioinspired platform for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2022; 346:71-97. [PMID: 35439581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The idea of employing natural cell membranes as a coating medium for nanoparticles (NPs) endows man-made vectors with natural capabilities and benefits. In addition to retaining the physicochemical characteristics of the NPs, the biomimetic NPs also have the functionality of source cell membranes. It has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing the properties of NPs for drug delivery, immune evasion, imaging, cancer-targeting, and phototherapy sensitivity. Several studies have been reported with a multitude of approaches to reengineering the surface of NPs using biological membranes. Owing to their low immunogenicity and intriguing biomimetic properties, cell-membrane-based biohybrid delivery systems have recently gained a lot of interest as therapeutic delivery systems. This review summarises different kinds of biomimetic NPs reported so far, their fabrication aspects, and their application in the biomedical field. Finally, it briefs on the latest advances available in this biohybrid concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Mónica C García
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ritu Kudarha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Ajinkya Nitin Nikam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Divya Gopalan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Gasper Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Raviraja N Seetharam
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Chandrakantsing Pardeshi
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
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19
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Wang Y, Zhao C, Liu Y, Wang C, Jiang H, Hu Y, Wu J. Recent Advances of Tumor Therapy Based on the CD47-SIRPα Axis. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1273-1293. [PMID: 35436123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still a major disease that is currently difficult for humans to overcome. When the expression of the cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) is upregulated, tumor cells interact with the macrophage inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) to transmit the "Don't eat me" signal, thereby avoiding phagocytosis by the macrophages. Therefore, when the CD47-SIRPα axis is inhibited, the macrophages' phagocytic function can be restored and can also exert antitumor effects. This Review mainly introduces recent advances in tumor therapy targeted on the CD47-SIRPα axis, including the antibody and fusion protein, small molecule, gene therapy, cell therapy, and drug delivery system, to inhibit the function of CD47 expressed on tumor cells and promote tumor phagocytosis by macrophages. In addition, this Review also summarizes the current approaches to avoid anemia, a common side effect of CD47-SIRPα inhibitions, and provides ideas for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chenxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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