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Taiyab A, Ashraf A, Sulaimani MN, Rathi A, Shamsi A, Hassan MI. Role of MTH1 in oxidative stress and therapeutic targeting of cancer. Redox Biol 2024; 77:103394. [PMID: 39418911 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells maintain high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to drive their growth, but ROS can trigger cell death through oxidative stress and DNA damage. To survive enhanced ROS levels, cancer cells activate their antioxidant defenses. One such defense is MTH1, an enzyme that prevents the incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into DNA, thus preventing DNA damage and allowing cancer to proliferate. MTH1 levels are often elevated in many cancers, and thus, inhibiting MTH1 is an attractive strategy for suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. Targeted MTH1 inhibition can induce DNA damage in cancer cells, exploiting their vulnerability to oxidative stress and selectively targeting them for destruction. Targeting MTH1 is promising for cancer treatment because normal cells have lower ROS levels and are less dependent on these pathways, making the approach both effective and specific to cancer. This review aims to investigate the potential of MTH1 as a therapeutic target, especially in cancer treatment, offering detailed insights into its structure, function, and role in disease progression. We also discussed various MTH1 inhibitors that have been developed to selectively induce oxidative damage in cancer cells, though their effectiveness varies. In addition, this review provide deeper mechanistic insights into the role of MTH1 in cancer prevention and oxidative stress management in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Anam Ashraf
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Nayab Sulaimani
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Aanchal Rathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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2
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Ye M, Fang Y, Chen L, Song Z, Bao Q, Wang F, Huang H, Xu J, Wang Z, Xiao R, Han M, Gao S, Liu H, Jiang B, Qing G. Therapeutic targeting nudix hydrolase 1 creates a MYC-driven metabolic vulnerability. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2377. [PMID: 38493213 PMCID: PMC10944511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells must rewire nucleotide synthesis to satisfy the demands of unbridled proliferation. Meanwhile, they exhibit augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which paradoxically damages DNA and free deoxy-ribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). How these metabolic processes are integrated to fuel tumorigenesis remains to be investigated. MYC family oncoproteins coordinate nucleotide synthesis and ROS generation to drive the development of numerous cancers. We herein perform a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based functional screen targeting metabolic genes and identified nudix hydrolase 1 (NUDT1) as a MYC-driven dependency. Mechanistically, MYC orchestrates the balance of two metabolic pathways that act in parallel, the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-ROS pathway and the Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1)-NUDT1 nucleotide-sanitizing pathway. We describe LC-1-40 as a potent, on-target degrader that depletes NUDT1 in vivo. Administration of LC-1-40 elicits excessive nucleotide oxidation, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived xenografts. Thus, pharmacological targeting of NUDT1 represents an actionable MYC-driven metabolic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Ye
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingzhe Fang
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zemin Song
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing Bao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ruijing Xiao
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Meng Han
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Facility, Tsinghua University Technology Center for Protein Research, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Baishan Jiang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Guoliang Qing
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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3
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Ding Y, Liu Q. Targeting the nucleic acid oxidative damage repair enzyme MTH1: a promising therapeutic option. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1334417. [PMID: 38357002 PMCID: PMC10864502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1334417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Elevated ROS levels cause oxidative stress, resulting in detrimental effects on organisms and enabling tumors to develop adaptive responses. Targeting these enhanced oxidative stress protection mechanisms could offer therapeutic benefits with high specificity, as normal cells exhibit lower dependency on these pathways. MTH1 (mutT homolog 1), a homolog of Escherichia coli's MutT, is crucial in this context. It sanitizes the nucleotide pool, preventing incorporation of oxidized nucleotides, thus safeguarding DNA integrity. This study explores MTH1's potential as a therapeutic target, particularly in cancer treatment, providing insights into its structure, function, and role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
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4
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Shao Y, Chen M, Chen W, Wang Z, Sui M, Tian M, Wu Y, Song J, Ji D, Song F. Integration of Activation by Hypoxia and Inhibition Resistance of Tumor Cells to Apoptosis for Precise and Augmented Photodynamic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300503. [PMID: 37306493 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers to convert oxygen (O2 ) to reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation to induce DNA damage and kill cancer cells. However, the effect of PDT is usually alleviated by apoptosis resistance mechanism of tumor living cells. MTH1 enzyme is known to be such an apoptosis-resistance enzyme which is over expressed as a scavenger to repair the damaged DNA. In this work, a hypoxia-activated nanosystem FTPA, which can be degraded to release the encapsulated PDT photosensitizer 4-DCF-MPYM and an inhibitor TH588 is proposed. The inhibitor TH588 can inhibit the DNA repair process by reducing the activity of MTH1 enzyme, and achieve the purpose of amplifying the therapeutic effect of PDT. This work demonstrates that a precise and augmented tumor PDT is achieved by integration of hypoxia-activation and inhibition resistance of tumor cells to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Shao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jitao Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Debin Ji
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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5
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Sadri A. Is Target-Based Drug Discovery Efficient? Discovery and "Off-Target" Mechanisms of All Drugs. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12651-12677. [PMID: 37672650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Target-based drug discovery is the dominant paradigm of drug discovery; however, a comprehensive evaluation of its real-world efficiency is lacking. Here, a manual systematic review of about 32000 articles and patents dating back to 150 years ago demonstrates its apparent inefficiency. Analyzing the origins of all approved drugs reveals that, despite several decades of dominance, only 9.4% of small-molecule drugs have been discovered through "target-based" assays. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of even this minimal share cannot be solely attributed and reduced to their purported targets, as they depend on numerous off-target mechanisms unconsciously incorporated by phenotypic observations. The data suggest that reductionist target-based drug discovery may be a cause of the productivity crisis in drug discovery. An evidence-based approach to enhance efficiency seems to be prioritizing, in selecting and optimizing molecules, higher-level phenotypic observations that are closer to the sought-after therapeutic effects using tools like artificial intelligence and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Sadri
- Lyceum Scientific Charity, Tehran, Iran, 1415893697
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program (INRP), Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 1417755331
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 1417614411
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6
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Imtiyaz K, Husain Rahmani A, Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA, Rizvi MMA. Fisetin induces apoptosis in human skin cancer cells through downregulating MTH1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7339-7353. [PMID: 36129011 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Fisetin, a natural flavonoid molecule, has been shown to have anticancer properties against various malignancies. In this investigation, we discovered that Fisetin decreased cell viability of both the treated skin cancer cell lines A375 and A431 in a dose and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values ranging from 57.60 µM ± 6.59 to 41.70 µM ± 1.25 in A375 and 48.70 µM ± 5.49 to 33.67 µM ± 1.03 for A431 at the observed time ranging between 24 h to 72 h of treatment remained quite enthusiastic when compared with the normal HEK 293 cells. Fisetin significantly decreased colony formation and migratory ability of the cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Fisetin significantly restricted the progression of skin cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and induced cells to undergo apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevating the count of early and late apoptotic cells. Our in silico studies of molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics simulation found that the interactions and stability of MTH1 protein with Fisetin further showed a considerable binding affinity for MTH1 (-11.4 kcal/mol) and developed stable complexes maintained throughout 100 ns trajectories. Our western blot analysis endorsed this. We found that Fisetin downregulated the expression levels of MTH1 also in addition, it played a crucial role in regulation of apoptotic events in cancer cells. We therefore, conclude that Fisetin anticancer properties against skin cancer cells are mediated through MTH1 inhibition followed by ATM and P53 upregulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Imtiyaz
- Department of Bioscience, Genome Biology Lab, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Broderick K, Moutaoufik MT, Aly KA, Babu M. Sanitation enzymes: Exquisite surveillance of the noncanonical nucleotide pool to safeguard the genetic blueprint. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 94:11-20. [PMID: 37211293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common products of normal cellular metabolism, but their elevated levels can result in nucleotide modifications. These modified or noncanonical nucleotides often integrate into nascent DNA during replication, causing lesions that trigger DNA repair mechanisms such as the mismatch repair machinery and base excision repair. Four superfamilies of sanitization enzymes can effectively hydrolyze noncanonical nucleotides from the precursor pool and eliminate their unintended incorporation into DNA. Notably, we focus on the representative MTH1 NUDIX hydrolase, whose enzymatic activity is ostensibly nonessential under normal physiological conditions. Yet, the sanitization attributes of MTH1 are more prevalent when ROS levels are abnormally high in cancer cells, rendering MTH1 an interesting target for developing anticancer treatments. We discuss multiple MTH1 inhibitory strategies that have emerged in recent years, and the potential of NUDIX hydrolases as plausible targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Broderick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Khaled A Aly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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8
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Tanushi X, Pinna G, Vandamme M, Siberchicot C, D’Augustin O, Di Guilmi AM, Radicella JP, Castaing B, Smith R, Huet S, Leteurtre F, Campalans A. OGG1 competitive inhibitors show important off-target effects by directly inhibiting efflux pumps and disturbing mitotic progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124960. [PMID: 36819096 PMCID: PMC9936318 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant DNA lesions induced by Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is 8-oxoG, a highly mutagenic lesion that compromises genetic instability when not efficiently repaired. 8-oxoG is specifically recognized by the DNA-glycosylase OGG1 that excises the base and initiates the Base Excision Repair pathway (BER). Furthermore, OGG1 has not only a major role in DNA repair but it is also involved in transcriptional regulation. Cancer cells are particularly exposed to ROS, thus challenging their capacity to process oxidative DNA damage has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Two competitive inhibitors of OGG1 (OGG1i) have been identified, TH5487 and SU0268, which bind to the OGG1 catalytic pocket preventing its fixation to the DNA. Early studies with these inhibitors show an enhanced cellular sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs and a reduction in the inflammatory response. Our study uncovers two unreported off-targets effects of these OGG1i that are independent of OGG1. In vitro and in cellulo approaches have unveiled that OGG1i TH5487 and SU0268, despite an unrelated molecular structure, are able to inhibit some members of the ABC family transporters, in particular ABC B1 (MDR1) and ABC G2 (BCRP). The inhibition of these efflux pumps by OGG1 inhibitors results in a higher intra-cellular accumulation of various fluorescent probes and drugs, and largely contributes to the enhanced cytotoxicity observed when the inhibitors are combined with cytotoxic agents. Furthermore, we found that SU0268 has an OGG1-independent anti-mitotic activity-by interfering with metaphase completion-resulting in a high cellular toxicity. These two off-target activities are observed at concentrations of OGG1i that are normally used for in vivo studies. It is thus critical to consider these previously unreported non-specific effects when interpreting studies using TH5487 and SU0268 in the context of OGG1 inhibition. Additionally, our work highlights the persistent need for new specific inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of OGG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhaferr Tanushi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Guillaume Pinna
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cite, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie Vandamme
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cite, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Capucine Siberchicot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ostiane D’Augustin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)—UMR 6290, BIOSIT—UMS 3480, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Marie Di Guilmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J. Pablo Radicella
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bertrand Castaing
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM)UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Université Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)—UMR 6290, BIOSIT—UMS 3480, Rennes, France
| | - Sebastien Huet
- Université Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)—UMR 6290, BIOSIT—UMS 3480, Rennes, France,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - François Leteurtre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anna Campalans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,*Correspondence: Anna Campalans,
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9
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Helleday T. Mitotic MTH1 Inhibitors in Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:223-237. [PMID: 37978139 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) protein MTH1 is sanitising the oxidized dNTP pool and preventing incorporation of oxidative damage into DNA and has an emerging role in mitosis. It is a stress-induced protein and often found to be overexpressed in cancer. Mitotic MTH1 inhibitors arrest cells in mitosis and result in incorporation of oxidative damage into DNA and selective killing of cancer cells. Here, I discuss the leading mitotic MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (OXC-101, karonudib), now being evaluated in clinical trials, and describe its dual effect on mitosis and incorporation of oxidative DNA damage in cancer cells. I describe why MTH1 inhibitors that solely inhibits the enzyme activity fail to kill cancer cells and discuss if MTH1 is a valid target for cancer treatment. I discuss emerging roles of MTH1 in regulating tubulin polymerisation and mitosis and the necessity of developing the basic science insights along with translational efforts. I also give a perspective on how edgetic perturbation is making target validation difficult in the DDR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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10
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NUDT1 Could Be a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:3669296. [PMID: 36606241 PMCID: PMC9808898 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3669296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. As a member of the Nudix hydrolase superfamily, Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X)-type motif 1 (NUDT1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Our study aims to explore the role of NUDT1 in ccRCC and its relationship with immune infiltration. Methods The NUDT1 expression matrix and corresponding clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression difference of NUDT1 in ccRCC and its relationship with the clinical characteristics were investigated using R software. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis, univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and nomogram were utilized to evaluate the survival and prognosis of patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized to explore the function of differential genes in low- or high-expression group of NUDT1. TCGA dataset and Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were utilized to explore the relationship between NUDT1 and immune infiltration. Finally, TCGA dataset was utilized for gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results NUDT1 was not only overexpressed in ccRCC but also significantly correlated with clinicopathological features (P < 0.05). K-M survival analysis showed that upregulated NUDT1 was closely related to the decrease of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in ccRCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that NUDT1 was a independent prognostic indicator (HR = 1.437, 95% CI: 1.065-1.939, P=0.018). The ROC curve showed that NUDT1 had a certain accuracy in predicting the outcome of ccRCC patiens. Furthermore, a total of 150 coexpressed genes and 1,886 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO/KEGG and GSEA results suggested that NUDT1 and its DEGs were involved in the immune-related pathways. NUDT1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells, and M0 macrophages. In addition, NUDT1 was positively related to immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, LAG3, CTLA4, and CD70, in ccRCC. Conclusion NUDT1 plays a key role in the prognosis and immune cell infiltration of ccRCC patients, indicating its potential use as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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11
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Overexpressed c-Myc Sensitizes Cells to TH1579, a Mitotic Arrest and Oxidative DNA Damage Inducer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121777. [PMID: 36551206 PMCID: PMC9775511 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that MTH1 inhibitors TH588 and TH1579 selectively induce oxidative damage and kill Ras-expressing or -transforming cancer cells, as compared to non-transforming immortalized or primary cells. While this explains the impressive anti-cancer properties of the compounds, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Several oncogenes induce replication stress, resulting in under replicated DNA and replication continuing into mitosis, where TH588 and TH1579 treatment causes toxicity and incorporation of oxidative damage. Hence, we hypothesized that oncogene-induced replication stress explains the cancer selectivity. To test this, we overexpressed c-Myc in human epithelial kidney cells (HA1EB), resulting in increased proliferation, polyploidy and replication stress. TH588 and TH1579 selectively kill c-Myc overexpressing clones, enforcing the cancer cell selective killing of these compounds. Moreover, the toxicity of TH588 and TH1579 in c-Myc overexpressing cells is rescued by transcription, proteasome or CDK1 inhibitors, but not by nucleoside supplementation. We conclude that the molecular toxicological mechanisms of how TH588 and TH1579 kill c-Myc overexpressing cells have several components and involve MTH1-independent proteasomal degradation of c-Myc itself, c-Myc-driven transcription and CDK activation.
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12
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Li C, Xue Y, Ba X, Wang R. The Role of 8-oxoG Repair Systems in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233798. [PMID: 36497058 PMCID: PMC9735852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is highly correlated with the accumulation of mutations. The abundant and extensive DNA oxidation product, 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), can cause mutations if it is not repaired by 8-oxoG repair systems. Therefore, the accumulation of 8-oxoG plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. To avoid the accumulation of 8-oxoG in the genome, base excision repair (BER), initiated by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (OGG1), is responsible for the removal of genomic 8-oxoG. It has been proven that 8-oxoG levels are significantly elevated in cancer cells compared with cells of normal tissues, and the induction of DNA damage by some antitumor drugs involves direct or indirect interference with BER, especially through inducing the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to tumor cell death. In addition, the absence of the core components of BER can result in embryonic or early post-natal lethality in mice. Therefore, targeting 8-oxoG repair systems with inhibitors is a promising avenue for tumor therapy. In this study, we summarize the impact of 8-oxoG accumulation on tumorigenesis and the current status of cancer therapy approaches exploiting 8-oxoG repair enzyme targeting, as well as possible synergistic lethality strategies involving exogenous ROS-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuang Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yaoyao Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (R.W.)
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13
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Helleday T, Rudd SG. Targeting the DNA damage response and repair in cancer through nucleotide metabolism. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3792-3810. [PMID: 35583750 PMCID: PMC9627788 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of the DNA damage response and DNA repair proficiency of cancer cells is an important anticancer strategy. The replication and repair of DNA are dependent upon the supply of deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) building blocks, which are produced and maintained by nucleotide metabolic pathways. Enzymes within these pathways can be promising targets to selectively induce toxic DNA lesions in cancer cells. These same pathways also activate antimetabolites, an important group of chemotherapies that disrupt both nucleotide and DNA metabolism to induce DNA damage in cancer cells. Thus, dNTP metabolic enzymes can also be targeted to refine the use of these chemotherapeutics, many of which remain standard of care in common cancers. In this review article, we will discuss both these approaches exemplified by the enzymes MTH1, MTHFD2 and SAMHD1. © 2022 The Authors. Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer CentreUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | - Sean G. Rudd
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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14
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Lee Y, Onishi Y, McPherson L, Kietrys AM, Hebenbrock M, Jun YW, Das I, Adimoolam S, Ji D, Mohsen MG, Ford JM, Kool ET. Enhancing Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage with Small-Molecule Activators of MTH1. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2074-2087. [PMID: 35830623 PMCID: PMC11163517 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Impaired DNA repair activity has been shown to greatly increase rates of cancer clinically. It has been hypothesized that upregulating repair activity in susceptible individuals may be a useful strategy for inhibiting tumorigenesis. Here, we report that selected tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors including nilotinib, employed clinically in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, are activators of the repair enzyme Human MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1). MTH1 cleanses the oxidatively damaged cellular nucleotide pool by hydrolyzing the oxidized nucleotide 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG)TP, which is a highly mutagenic lesion when incorporated into DNA. Structural optimization of analogues of TK inhibitors resulted in compounds such as SU0448, which induces 1000 ± 100% activation of MTH1 at 10 μM and 410 ± 60% at 5 μM. The compounds are found to increase the activity of the endogenous enzyme, and at least one (SU0448) decreases levels of 8-oxo-dG in cellular DNA. The results suggest the possibility of using MTH1 activators to decrease the frequency of mutagenic nucleotides entering DNA, which may be a promising strategy to suppress tumorigenesis in individuals with elevated cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
| | - Yoshiyuki Onishi
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
| | - Lisa McPherson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Anna M. Kietrys
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
| | - Marian Hebenbrock
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
| | - Ishani Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Shanthi Adimoolam
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Debin Ji
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
| | - Michael G. Mohsen
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
| | - James M. Ford
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Departmeut of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, United States
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15
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Meixner M, Zachmann M, Metzler S, Scheerer J, Zacharias M, Antes I. Dynamic Docking of Macrocycles in Bound and Unbound Protein Structures with DynaDock. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3426-3441. [PMID: 35796228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycles are interesting molecules with unique features due to their conformationally constrained yet flexible ring structure. This characteristic poses a difficult challenge for computational modeling studies since they rely on accurate structural descriptions. In particular, molecular docking calculations suffer from the lack of ring flexibility during pose generation, which is often compensated by using pregenerated ligand conformer ensembles. Moreover, receptor structures are mainly treated rigidly, which limits the use of many docking tools. In this study, we optimized our previous molecular dynamics-based sampling and docking pipeline specifically designed for the accurate prediction of macrocyclic compounds. We developed a dihedral classification procedure for in-depth conformational analysis of the macrocyclic rings and extracted structural ensembles that were subsequently docked in both bound and unbound protein structures employing a fully flexible approach. Our results suggest that including a ring conformer close to the bound state in the starting ensemble increases the chance of successful docking. The bioactive conformations of a diverse set of ligands could be predicted with high and decent accuracy in bound and unbound protein structures, respectively, due to the incorporation of full molecular flexibility in our approach. The remaining unsuccessful docking calculations were mainly caused by large flexible substituents that bind to surface-exposed binding sites, rather than the macrocyclic ring per se and could be further improved by explicit molecular dynamics simulations of the docked complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Meixner
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Am Staudengarten 2, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Martin Zachmann
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Am Staudengarten 2, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Sebastian Metzler
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Am Staudengarten 2, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Jonathan Scheerer
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Am Staudengarten 2, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center of Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, Garching bei München 85748, Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Am Staudengarten 2, Freising 85354, Germany
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16
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Sanjiv K, Calderón-Montaño JM, Pham TM, Erkers T, Tsuber V, Almlöf I, Höglund A, Heshmati Y, Seashore-Ludlow B, Nagesh Danda A, Gad H, Wiita E, Göktürk C, Rasti A, Friedrich S, Centio A, Estruch M, Våtsveen TK, Struyf N, Visnes T, Scobie M, Koolmeister T, Henriksson M, Wallner O, Sandvall T, Lehmann S, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Garnett MJ, Östling P, Walfridsson J, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. MTH1 Inhibitor TH1579 Induces Oxidative DNA Damage and Mitotic Arrest in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5733-5744. [PMID: 34593524 PMCID: PMC9397639 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy, exhibiting high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS levels have been suggested to drive leukemogenesis and is thus a potential novel target for treating AML. MTH1 prevents incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into the DNA to maintain genome integrity and is upregulated in many cancers. Here we demonstrate that hematologic cancers are highly sensitive to MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (karonudib). A functional precision medicine ex vivo screen in primary AML bone marrow samples demonstrated a broad response profile of TH1579, independent of the genomic alteration of AML, resembling the response profile of the standard-of-care treatments cytarabine and doxorubicin. Furthermore, TH1579 killed primary human AML blast cells (CD45+) as well as chemotherapy resistance leukemic stem cells (CD45+Lin-CD34+CD38-), which are often responsible for AML progression. TH1579 killed AML cells by causing mitotic arrest, elevating intracellular ROS levels, and enhancing oxidative DNA damage. TH1579 showed a significant therapeutic window, was well tolerated in animals, and could be combined with standard-of-care treatments to further improve efficacy. TH1579 significantly improved survival in two different AML disease models in vivo. In conclusion, the preclinical data presented here support that TH1579 is a promising novel anticancer agent for AML, providing a rationale to investigate the clinical usefulness of TH1579 in AML in an ongoing clinical phase I trial. SIGNIFICANCE: The MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 is a potential novel AML treatment, targeting both blasts and the pivotal leukemic stem cells while sparing normal bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Therese M. Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Erkers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoriia Tsuber
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhilesh Nagesh Danda
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisee Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Göktürk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Friedrich
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Centio
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Montserrat Estruch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thea Kristin Våtsveen
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for B cell malignancies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nona Struyf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Sandvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet/National Univ. Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Päivi Östling
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Walfridsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Oxcia AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Ulrika Warpman Berglund, Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Stockholm 17121, Sweden or Oxcia AB, Norrbackagatan 70C, SE-113 34 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 46-73-2709605; E-mail: or
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17
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Hansel C, Hlouschek J, Xiang K, Melnikova M, Thomale J, Helleday T, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. Adaptation to Chronic-Cycling Hypoxia Renders Cancer Cells Resistant to MTH1-Inhibitor Treatment Which Can Be Counteracted by Glutathione Depletion. Cells 2021; 10:3040. [PMID: 34831264 PMCID: PMC8616547 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia and hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells represent major barriers to successful cancer treatment. We revealed that improved antioxidant capacity contributes to increased radioresistance of cancer cells with tolerance to chronic-cycling severe hypoxia/reoxygenation stress. We hypothesized, that the improved tolerance to oxidative stress will increase the ability of cancer cells to cope with ROS-induced damage to free deoxy-nucleotides (dNTPs) required for DNA replication and may thus contribute to acquired resistance of cancer cells in advanced tumors to antineoplastic agents inhibiting the nucleotide-sanitizing enzyme MutT Homologue-1 (MTH1), ionizing radiation (IR) or both. Therefore, we aimed to explore potential differences in the sensitivity of cancer cells exposed to acute and chronic-cycling hypoxia/reoxygenation stress to the clinically relevant MTH1-inhibitor TH1579 (Karonudib) and to test whether a multi-targeting approach combining the glutathione withdrawer piperlongumine (PLN) and TH1579 may be suited to increase cancer cell sensitivity to TH1579 alone and in combination with IR. Combination of TH1579 treatment with radiotherapy (RT) led to radiosensitization but was not able to counteract increased radioresistance induced by adaptation to chronic-cycling hypoxia/reoxygenation stress. Disruption of redox homeostasis using PLN sensitized anoxia-tolerant cancer cells to MTH1 inhibition by TH1579 under both normoxic and acute hypoxic treatment conditions. Thus, we uncover a glutathione-driven compensatory resistance mechanism towards MTH1-inhibition in form of increased antioxidant capacity as a consequence of microenvironmental or therapeutic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hansel
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.); (K.X.); (M.M.); (J.T.); (V.J.)
| | - Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.); (K.X.); (M.M.); (J.T.); (V.J.)
| | - Kexu Xiang
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.); (K.X.); (M.M.); (J.T.); (V.J.)
| | - Margarita Melnikova
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.); (K.X.); (M.M.); (J.T.); (V.J.)
| | - Juergen Thomale
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.); (K.X.); (M.M.); (J.T.); (V.J.)
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.); (K.X.); (M.M.); (J.T.); (V.J.)
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.); (K.X.); (M.M.); (J.T.); (V.J.)
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18
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Raubo P, Carbajo RJ, McCoull W, Raubo J, Thomas M. Diversity-orientated synthesis of macrocyclic heterocycles using a double S NAr approach. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6274-6290. [PMID: 34195728 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00612f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient macrocyclisation approach based on the double aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNACK) was developed. This methodology allows a facile incorporation of heterocyclic motifs into macrocyclic rings and rapid synthesis of a significant number of structurally diverse macrocycles. SNACK macrocyclisation enables preparation of stable diastereoisomers of conformationally restricted macrocycles (atropisomers). Practical application of SNACK macrocyclisation in a drug discovery project was exemplified by the identification of high affinity macrocyclic binders of B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Raubo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rodrigo J Carbajo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - William McCoull
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joanna Raubo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Morgan Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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Zou J, Li Z, Liu S, Peng C, Fang D, Wan X, Lin Z, Lee TS, Raleigh DP, Yang M, Simmerling C. Scaffold Hopping Transformations Using Auxiliary Restraints for Calculating Accurate Relative Binding Free Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3710-3726. [PMID: 34029468 PMCID: PMC8215533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In silico screening of drug-target interactions is a key part of the drug discovery process. Changes in the drug scaffold via contraction or expansion of rings, the breaking of rings, and the introduction of cyclic structures from acyclic structures are commonly applied by medicinal chemists to improve binding affinity and enhance favorable properties of candidate compounds. These processes, commonly referred to as scaffold hopping, are challenging to model computationally. Although relative binding free energy (RBFE) calculations have shown success in predicting binding affinity changes caused by perturbing R-groups attached to a common scaffold, applications of RBFE calculations to modeling scaffold hopping are relatively limited. Scaffold hopping inevitably involves breaking and forming bond interactions of quadratic functional forms, which is highly challenging. A novel method for handling ring opening/closure/contraction/expansion and linker contraction/expansion is presented here. To the best of our knowledge, RBFE calculations on linker contraction/expansion have not been previously reported. The method uses auxiliary restraints to hold the atoms at the ends of a bond in place during the breaking and forming of the bonds. The broad applicability of the method was demonstrated by examining perturbations involving small-molecule macrocycles and mutations of proline in proteins. High accuracy was obtained using the method for most of the perturbations studied. The rigor of the method was isolated from the force field by validating the method using relative and absolute hydration free energy calculations compared to standard simulation results. Unlike other methods that rely on λ-dependent functional forms for bond interactions, the method presented here can be employed using modern molecular dynamics software without modification of codes or force field functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zou
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Floor 3, Sf Industrial Plant, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Floor 3, Sf Industrial Plant, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- XtalPi Inc., 245 Main St, 11th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Chunwang Peng
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Floor 3, Sf Industrial Plant, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Floor 3, Sf Industrial Plant, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Floor 3, Sf Industrial Plant, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Floor 3, Sf Industrial Plant, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Tai-Sung Lee
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research, Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8076, United States
| | - Daniel P. Raleigh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Mingjun Yang
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Floor 3, Sf Industrial Plant, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Carlos Simmerling
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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20
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Inhibitor development of MTH1 via high-throughput screening with fragment based library and MTH1 substrate binding cavity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104813. [PMID: 33774493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) has been proven to hydrolyze oxidized nucleotide triphosphates during DNA repair. It can prevent the incorporation of wrong nucleotides during DNA replication and mitigate cell apoptosis. In a cancer cell, abundant reactive oxygen species can lead to substantial DNA damage and DNA mutations by base-pairing mismatch. MTH1 could eliminate oxidized dNTP and prevent cancer cells from entering cell death. Therefore, inhibition of MTH1 activity is considered to be an anti-cancer therapeutic target. In this study, high-throughput screening techniques were combined with a fragment-based library containing 2,313 compounds, which were used to screen for lead compounds with MTH1 inhibitor activity. Four compounds with MTH1 inhibitor ability were selected, and compound MI0639 was found to have the highest effective inhibition. To discover the selectivity and specificity of this action, several derivatives based on the MTH1 and MI0639 complex structure were synthesized. We compared 14 complex structures of MTH1 and the various compounds in combination with enzymatic inhibition and thermodynamic analysis. Nanomolar-range IC50 inhibition abilities by enzyme kinetics and Kd values by thermodynamic analysis were obtained for two compounds, named MI1020 and MI1024. Based on structural information and compound optimization, we aim to provide a strategy for the development of MTH1 inhibitors with high selectivity and specificity.
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21
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Chao MR, Evans MD, Hu CW, Ji Y, Møller P, Rossner P, Cooke MS. Biomarkers of nucleic acid oxidation - A summary state-of-the-art. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101872. [PMID: 33579665 PMCID: PMC8113048 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively generated damage to DNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Increasingly, interest is also focusing upon the effects of damage to the other nucleic acids, RNA and the (2′-deoxy-)ribonucleotide pools, and evidence is growing that these too may have an important role in disease. LC-MS/MS has the ability to provide absolute quantification of specific biomarkers, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyGuo (8-oxodG), in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and 8-oxoGuo in RNA. However, significant quantities of tissue are needed, limiting its use in human biomonitoring studies. In contrast, the comet assay requires much less material, and as little as 5 μL of blood may be used, offering a minimally invasive means of assessing oxidative stress in vivo, but this is restricted to nuclear DNA damage only. Urine is an ideal matrix in which to non-invasively study nucleic acid-derived biomarkers of oxidative stress, and considerable progress has been made towards robustly validating these measurements, not least through the efforts of the European Standards Committee on Urinary (DNA) Lesion Analysis. For urine, LC-MS/MS is considered the gold standard approach, and although there have been improvements to the ELISA methodology, this is largely limited to 8-oxodG. Emerging DNA adductomics approaches, which either comprehensively assess the totality of adducts in DNA, or map DNA damage across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, offer the potential to considerably advance our understanding of the mechanistic role of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids in disease. Oxidatively damaged nucleic acids are implicated in the pathogenesis of disease. LC-MS/MS, comet assay and ELISA are often used to study oxidatively damaged DNA. Urinary oxidatively damaged nucleic acids non-invasively reflect oxidative stress. DNA adductomics will aid understanding the role of ROS damaged DNA in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Evans
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yunhee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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22
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Shi H, Ishikawa R, Heh CH, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y. Development of MTH1-Binding Nucleotide Analogs Based on 7,8-Dihalogenated 7-Deaza-dG Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031274. [PMID: 33525366 PMCID: PMC7866122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MTH1 is an enzyme that hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP, which is an oxidatively damaged nucleobase, into 8-oxo-dGMP in nucleotide pools to prevent its mis-incorporation into genomic DNA. Selective and potent MTH1-binding molecules have potential as biological tools and drug candidates. We recently developed 8-halogenated 7-deaza-dGTP as an 8-oxo-dGTP mimic and found that it was not hydrolyzed, but inhibited enzyme activity. To further increase MTH1 binding, we herein designed and synthesized 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives. We successfully synthesized multiple derivatives, including substituted nucleosides and nucleotides, using 7-deaza-dG as a starting material. Evaluations of the inhibition of MTH1 activity revealed the strong inhibitory effects on enzyme activity of the 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives, particularly 7,8-dibromo 7-daza-dGTP. Based on the results obtained on kinetic parameters and from computational docking simulating studies, these nucleotide analogs interacted with the active site of MTH1 and competitively inhibited the substrate 8-oxodGTP. Therefore, novel properties of repair enzymes in cells may be elucidated using new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Ren Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Choon Han Heh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Machi, Sasebo City, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6569
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23
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Zhang L, Misiara L, Samaranayake GJ, Sharma N, Nguyen DM, Tahara YK, Kool ET, Rai P. OGG1 co-inhibition antagonizes the tumor-inhibitory effects of targeting MTH1. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101848. [PMID: 33450725 PMCID: PMC7810763 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells develop protective adaptations against oxidative DNA damage, providing a strong rationale for targeting DNA repair proteins. There has been a high degree of recent interest in inhibiting the mammalian Nudix pyrophosphatase MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1). MTH1 degrades 8-oxo-dGTP, thus limiting its incorporation into genomic DNA. MTH1 inhibition has variously been shown to induce genomic 8-oxo-dG elevation, genotoxic strand breaks in p53-functional cells, and tumor-inhibitory outcomes. Genomically incorporated 8-oxo-dG is excised by the base excision repair enzyme, 8-oxo-dG glycosylase 1 (OGG1). Thus, OGG1 inhibitors have been developed with the idea that their combination with MTH1 inhibitors will have anti-tumor effects by increasing genomic oxidative DNA damage. However, contradictory to this idea, we found that human lung adenocarcinoma with low OGG1 and MTH1 were robustly represented in patient datasets. Furthermore, OGG1 co-depletion mitigated the extent of DNA strand breaks and cellular senescence in MTH1-depleted p53-wildtype lung adenocarcinoma cells. Similarly, shMTH1-transduced cells were less sensitive to the OGG1 inhibitor, SU0268, than shGFP-transduced counterparts. Although the dual OGG1/MTH1 inhibitor, SU0383, induced greater cytotoxicity than equivalent combined or single doses of its parent scaffold MTH1 and OGG1 inhibitors, IACS-4759 and SU0268, this effect was only observed at the highest concentration assessed. Collectively, using both genetic depletion as well as small molecule inhibitors, our findings suggest that OGG1/MTH1 co-inhibition is unlikely to yield significant tumor-suppressive benefit. Instead such co-inhibition may exert tumor-protective effects by preventing base excision repair-induced DNA nicks and p53 induction, thus potentially conferring a survival advantage to the treated tumors. Low MTH1/low OGG1 tumors are robustly represented in patient lung adenocarcinoma datasets but low MTH1/high OGG1 are not. Co-depletion of OGG1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells mitigates shMTH1-induced DNA strand breaks and p53-induced senescence. p53-null tumor cells have lower OGG1 vs. wt p53 counterparts and are more resistant to MTH1 loss-induced anti-tumor effects. Pharmacologic co-inhibition of OGG1 and MTH1 does not enhance cytotoxicity over the respective single inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laura Misiara
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Govindi J Samaranayake
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nisha Sharma
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yu-Ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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24
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Yin Y, Chen F. Targeting human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) for cancer eradication: current progress and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2259-2271. [PMID: 33354500 PMCID: PMC7745060 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since accelerated metabolism produces much higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells compared to ROS levels found in normal cells, human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1), which sanitizes oxidized nucleotide pools, was recently demonstrated to be crucial for the survival of cancer cells, but not required for the proliferation of normal cells. Therefore, dozens of MTH1 inhibitors have been developed with the aim of suppressing cancer growth by accumulating oxidative damage in cancer cells. While several inhibitors were indeed confirmed to be effective, some inhibitors failed to kill cancer cells, complicating MTH1 as a viable target for cancer eradication. In this review, we summarize the current status of developing MTH1 inhibitors as drug candidates, classify the MTH1 inhibitors based on their structures, and offer our perspectives toward the therapeutic potential against cancer through the targeting of MTH1.
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Key Words
- AI, 7-azaindole
- AID, 7-azaindazole
- AP, aminopyrimidine
- AQ, amidoquinolines
- AZ, 2-aminoquinazoline
- Anticancer
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- CR, cyclometalated ruthenium
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- F, fragment
- FP, farnesyl phenolic
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentrations
- Inhibitor
- MMR, DNA mismatch repair
- MTH1
- MTH1, human MutT homolog 1
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Oxidized nucleotide
- P, purinone
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PM, purinone macrocycle
- Pu, purine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TLR7, Toll-like receptor 7
- TPP, thermal proteome profiling
- TS-FITGE, thermal stability shift-based fluorescence difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Yin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 65643811.
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25
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Radiolabeled 6-(2, 3-Dichlorophenyl)-N4-methylpyrimidine-2, 4-diamine (TH287): A Potential Radiotracer for Measuring and Imaging MTH1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228860. [PMID: 33238630 PMCID: PMC7700685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MTH1 (MutT homolog 1) or NUDT1 (Nudix Hydrolase 1), also known as oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphatase, has potential as a biomarker for monitoring cancer progression and quantifying target engagement for relevant therapies. In this study, we validate one MTH1 inhibitor TH287 as a PET MTH1 radiotracer. TH287 was radiolabeled with tritium and the binding of [3H]TH287 to MTH1 was evaluated in live glioblastoma cells (U251MG) through saturation and competitive binding assays, together with in vitro enzymatic assays. Furthermore, TH287 was radiolabeled with carbon-11 for in vivo microPET studies. Saturation binding assays show that [3H]TH287 has a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.97 ± 0.18 nM, Bmax of 2676 ± 122 fmol/mg protein for U251MG cells, and nH of 0.98 ± 0.02. Competitive binding assays show that TH287 (Ki: 3.04 ± 0.14 nM) has a higher affinity for MTH1 in U251MG cells compared to another well studied MTH1 inhibitor: (S)-crizotinib (Ki: 153.90 ± 20.48 nM). In vitro enzymatic assays show that TH287 has an IC50 of 2.2 nM in inhibiting MTH1 hydrolase activity and a Ki of 1.3 nM from kinetics assays, these results are consistent with our radioligand binding assays. Furthermore, MicroPET imaging shows that [11C]TH287 gets into the brain with rapid clearance from the brain, kidney, and heart. The results presented here indicate that radiolabeled TH287 has favorable properties to be a useful tool for measuring MTH1 in vitro and for further evaluation for in vivo PET imaging MTH1 of brain tumors and other central nervous system disorders.
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26
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Hu M, Ning J, Mao L, Yu Y, Wu Y. Antitumour activity of TH1579, a novel MTH1 inhibitor, against castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:62. [PMID: 33281973 PMCID: PMC7709546 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment still remains difficult. The aim of the present study was to determine the antitumour efficacy of the MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) inhibitor, TH1579, against castration-resistant prostate cancer. PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of TH1579. C4-2 cells with or without androgen receptor (AR) were also treated with TH1579 to assess AR function. Cell survival, 8-oxo-dG levels and DNA damage were measured using cell viability assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence analysis and flow cytometry. TH1579 inhibited CRPC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The viabilities of PC-3 and DU-145 cells treated with 1 µM of TH1579 were 28.6 and 24.1%, respectively. The viabilities of C4-2 cells with and without AR treated with 1 µM TH1579 were 10.6 and 19.0%, respectively. Moreover, TH1579 treatment increased 8-oxo-dG levels, as well as the number of 53BP1 and γH2A.X foci, resulting in increased DNA double-strand breakage and apoptosis in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. The findings of the present study demonstrated that TH1579 exerted strong antitumour effects on CRPC cells, and may therefore be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Likai Mao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
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Arczewska KD, Krasuska W, Stachurska A, Karpińska K, Sikorska J, Kiedrowski M, Lange D, Stępień T, Czarnocka B. hMTH1 and GPX1 expression in human thyroid tissue is interrelated to prevent oxidative DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102954. [PMID: 32877752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized as disturbance of cellular equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and their elimination by antioxidant defense systems. One example of ROS-mediated damage is generation of potentially mutagenic DNA precursor, 8-oxodGTP. In human cells genomic 8-oxodGTP incorporation is prevented by the MutT homologue 1 (MTH1 or hMTH1 for human MTH1) protein. It is well established that malignant cells, including thyroid cancer cells, require hMTH1 for maintaining proliferation and cancerous transformation phenotype. Above observations led to the development of hMTH1 inhibitors as novel anticancer therapeutics. In the current study we present extensive analysis of oxidative stress responses determining sensitivity to hMTH1 deficiency in cultured thyroid cells. We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. This is evidenced by the increased ROS burden and enhanced proliferation defect after combination of hMTH1 siRNA and glutathione synthesis inhibition. Moreover, due to the lack of data on hMTH1 expression in human thyroid tumor specimens we decided to perform detailed analysis of hMTH1 expression in thyroid tumor and peri-tumoral tissues from human patients. Our results allow us to propose here that anticancer activity of hMTH1 suppression may be boosted by combination with agents modulating glutathione pool, but further studies are necessary to precisely identify backgrounds susceptible to such combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wanda Krasuska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikorska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kiedrowski
- Clinical Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Wołowska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stępień
- Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 93-036 Łódź, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Das I, Gad H, Bräutigam L, Pudelko L, Tuominen R, Höiom V, Almlöf I, Rajagopal V, Hansson J, Helleday T, Egyházi Brage S, Warpman Berglund U. AXL and CAV-1 play a role for MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 sensitivity in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2081-2098. [PMID: 31919461 PMCID: PMC7308409 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer and clinically challenging due to its propensity to develop therapy resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce DNA damage and play a significant role in CMM. MTH1 protein protects from ROS damage and is often overexpressed in different cancer types including CMM. Herein, we report that MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 induced ROS levels, increased DNA damage responses, caused mitotic arrest and suppressed CMM proliferation leading to cell death both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft CMM zebrafish disease model. TH1579 was more potent in abrogating cell proliferation and inducing cell death in a heterogeneous co-culture setting when compared with CMM standard treatments, vemurafenib or trametinib, showing its broad anticancer activity. Silencing MTH1 alone exhibited similar cytotoxic effects with concomitant induction of mitotic arrest and ROS induction culminating in cell death in most CMM cell lines tested, further emphasizing the importance of MTH1 in CMM cells. Furthermore, overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, previously demonstrated to contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance, sensitized BRAF mutant and BRAF/NRAS wildtype CMM cells to TH1579. AXL overexpression culminated in increased ROS levels in CMM cells. Moreover, silencing of a protein that has shown opposing effects on cell proliferation, CAV-1, decreased sensitivity to TH1579 in a BRAF inhibitor resistant cell line. AXL-MTH1 and CAV-1-MTH1 mRNA expressions were correlated as seen in CMM clinical samples. Finally, TH1579 in combination with BRAF inhibitor exhibited a more potent cell killing effect in BRAF mutant cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we show that TH1579-mediated efficacy is independent of BRAF/NRAS mutational status but dependent on the expression of AXL and CAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Das
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Pudelko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Varshni Rajagopal
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Suzanne Egyházi Brage
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Lin A, Sheltzer JM. Discovering and validating cancer genetic dependencies: approaches and pitfalls. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:671-682. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Michel M, Homan EJ, Wiita E, Pedersen K, Almlöf I, Gustavsson AL, Lundbäck T, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. In silico Druggability Assessment of the NUDIX Hydrolase Protein Family as a Workflow for Target Prioritization. Front Chem 2020; 8:443. [PMID: 32548091 PMCID: PMC7274155 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational chemistry has now been widely accepted as a useful tool for shortening lead times in early drug discovery. When selecting new potential drug targets, it is important to assess the likelihood of finding suitable starting points for lead generation before pursuing costly high-throughput screening campaigns. By exploiting available high-resolution crystal structures, an in silico druggability assessment can facilitate the decision of whether, and in cases where several protein family members exist, which of these to pursue experimentally. Many of the algorithms and software suites commonly applied for in silico druggability assessment are complex, technically challenging and not always user-friendly. Here we applied the intuitive open access servers of DoGSite, FTMap and CryptoSite to comprehensively predict ligand binding pockets, druggability scores and conformationally active regions of the NUDIX protein family. In parallel we analyzed potential ligand binding sites, their druggability and pocket parameter using Schrödinger's SiteMap. Then an in silico docking cascade of a subset of the ZINC FragNow library using the Glide docking program was performed to assess identified pockets for large-scale small-molecule binding. Subsequently, this initial dual ranking of druggable sites within the NUDIX protein family was benchmarked against experimental hit rates obtained both in-house and by others from traditional biochemical and fragment screening campaigns. The observed correlation suggests that the presented user-friendly workflow of a dual parallel in silico druggability assessment is applicable as a standalone method for decision on target prioritization and exclusion in future screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert J Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kia Pedersen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gustavsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Barguilla I, Barszczewska G, Annangi B, Domenech J, Velázquez A, Marcos R, Hernández A. MTH1 is involved in the toxic and carcinogenic long-term effects induced by zinc oxide and cobalt nanoparticles. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1973-1984. [PMID: 32377776 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The nanoparticles (NPs) exposure-related oxidative stress is considered among the main causes of the toxic effects induced by these materials. However, the importance of this mechanism has been mostly explored at short term. Previous experience with cells chronically exposed to ZnO and Co NPs hinted to the existence of an adaptative mechanism contributing to the development of oncogenic features. MTH1 is a well-described enzyme expressed exclusively in cancer cells and required to avoid the detrimental consequences of its high prooxidant microenvironment. In the present work, a significantly marked overexpression was found when MTH1 levels were monitored in long-term ZnO and Co NP-exposed cells, a fact that correlates with acquired 2.5-fold and 3.75-fold resistance to the ZnO and Co NPs treatment, respectively. The forced stable inhibition of Mth1 expression by shRNA, followed by 6 additional weeks of exposure, significantly reduced this acquired resistance and sensitized cells to the oxidizing agents H2O2 and KBrO3. When the oncogenic phenotype of Mth1 knock-down cells was evaluated, we found a decrease in several oncogenic markers, including proliferation, anchorage-independent cell growth, and migration and invasion potential. Thus, MTH1 elicits here as a relevant player in the NPs-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity. This study is the first to give a mechanistic explanation for long-term NPs exposure-derived effects. We propose MTH1 as a candidate biomarker to unravel NPs potential genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, as its expression is expected to be elevated only under exposure conditions able to induce DNA damage and the acquisition of an oncogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Barguilla
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Gabriela Barszczewska
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Balasubramanyam Annangi
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Josefa Domenech
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antonia Velázquez
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alba Hernández
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rudd SG, Gad H, Sanjiv K, Amaral N, Hagenkort A, Groth P, Ström CE, Mortusewicz O, Berglund UW, Helleday T. MTH1 Inhibitor TH588 Disturbs Mitotic Progression and Induces Mitosis-Dependent Accumulation of Genomic 8-oxodG. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3530-3541. [PMID: 32312836 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidize nucleotide triphosphate pools (e.g., 8-oxodGTP), which may kill cells if incorporated into DNA. Whether cancers avoid poisoning from oxidized nucleotides by preventing incorporation via the oxidized purine diphosphatase MTH1 remains under debate. Also, little is known about DNA polymerases incorporating oxidized nucleotides in cells or how oxidized nucleotides in DNA become toxic. Here we show that replacement of one of the main DNA replicases in human cells, DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ), with an error-prone variant allows increased 8-oxodG accumulation into DNA following treatment with TH588, a dual MTH1 inhibitor and microtubule targeting agent. The resulting elevated genomic 8-oxodG correlated with increased cytotoxicity of TH588. Interestingly, no substantial perturbation of replication fork progression was observed, but rather mitotic progression was impaired and mitotic DNA synthesis triggered. Reducing mitotic arrest by reversin treatment prevented accumulation of genomic 8-oxodG and reduced cytotoxicity of TH588, in line with the notion that mitotic arrest is required for ROS buildup and oxidation of the nucleotide pool. Furthermore, delayed mitosis and increased mitotic cell death was observed following TH588 treatment in cells expressing the error-prone but not wild-type Pol δ variant, which is not observed following treatments with antimitotic agents. Collectively, these results link accumulation of genomic oxidized nucleotides with disturbed mitotic progression. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings uncover a novel link between accumulation of genomic 8-oxodG and perturbed mitotic progression in cancer cells, which can be exploited therapeutically using MTH1 inhibitors.See related commentary by Alnajjar and Sweasy, p. 3459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuno Amaral
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagenkort
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Groth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia E Ström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Scaletti ER, Vallin KS, Bräutigam L, Sarno A, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Stenmark P, Jemth AS. MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) removes N6-methyl-dATP from the dNTP pool. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4761-4772. [PMID: 32144205 PMCID: PMC7152754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) removes oxidized nucleotides from the nucleotide pool and thereby prevents their incorporation into the genome and thereby reduces genotoxicity. We previously reported that MTH1 is an efficient catalyst of O6-methyl-dGTP hydrolysis suggesting that MTH1 may also sanitize the nucleotide pool from other methylated nucleotides. We here show that MTH1 efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of N6-methyl-dATP to N6-methyl-dAMP and further report that N6-methylation of dATP drastically increases the MTH1 activity. We also observed MTH1 activity with N6-methyl-ATP, albeit at a lower level. We show that N6-methyl-dATP is incorporated into DNA in vivo, as indicated by increased N6-methyl-dA DNA levels in embryos developed from MTH1 knock-out zebrafish eggs microinjected with N6-methyl-dATP compared with noninjected embryos. N6-methyl-dATP activity is present in MTH1 homologues from distantly related vertebrates, suggesting evolutionary conservation and indicating that this activity is important. Of note, N6-methyl-dATP activity is unique to MTH1 among related NUDIX hydrolases. Moreover, we present the structure of N6-methyl-dAMP-bound human MTH1, revealing that the N6-methyl group is accommodated within a hydrophobic active-site subpocket explaining why N6-methyl-dATP is a good MTH1 substrate. N6-methylation of DNA and RNA has been reported to have epigenetic roles and to affect mRNA metabolism. We propose that MTH1 acts in concert with adenosine deaminase-like protein isoform 1 (ADAL1) to prevent incorporation of N6-methyl-(d)ATP into DNA and RNA. This would hinder potential dysregulation of epigenetic control and RNA metabolism via conversion of N6-methyl-(d)ATP to N6-methyl-(d)AMP, followed by ADAL1-catalyzed deamination producing (d)IMP that can enter the nucleotide salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rose Scaletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Karl S Vallin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Farand J, Kropf JE, Blomgren P, Xu J, Schmitt AC, Newby ZE, Wang T, Murakami E, Barauskas O, Sudhamsu J, Feng JY, Niedziela-Majka A, Schultz BE, Schwartz K, Viatchenko-Karpinski S, Kornyeyev D, Kashishian A, Fan P, Chen X, Lansdon EB, Ports MO, Currie KS, Watkins WJ, Notte GT. Discovery of Potent and Selective MTH1 Inhibitors for Oncology: Enabling Rapid Target (In)Validation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:358-364. [PMID: 32184970 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the discovery of three structurally differentiated potent and selective MTH1 inhibitors and their subsequent use to investigate MTH1 as an oncology target, culminating in target (in)validation. Tetrahydronaphthyridine 5 was rapidly identified as a highly potent MTH1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.043 nM). Cocrystallization of 5 with MTH1 revealed the ligand in a Φ-cis-N-(pyridin-2-yl)acetamide conformation enabling a key intramolecular hydrogen bond and polar interactions with residues Gly34 and Asp120. Modification of literature compound TH287 with O- and N-linked aryl and alkyl aryl substituents led to the discovery of potent pyrimidine-2,4,6-triamine 25 (IC50 = 0.49 nM). Triazolopyridine 32 emerged as a highly selective lead compound with a suitable in vitro profile and desirable pharmacokinetic properties in rat. Elucidation of the DNA damage response, cell viability, and intracellular concentrations of oxo-NTPs (oxidized nucleoside triphosphates) as a function of MTH1 knockdown and/or small molecule inhibition was studied. Based on our findings, we were unable to provide evidence to further pursue MTH1 as an oncology target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Farand
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Kropf
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Peter Blomgren
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Aaron C. Schmitt
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Zachary E. Newby
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ona Barauskas
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joy Y. Feng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Anita Niedziela-Majka
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Brian E. Schultz
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Karen Schwartz
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Dmytro Kornyeyev
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Adam Kashishian
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Peidong Fan
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eric B. Lansdon
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michael O. Ports
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Kevin S. Currie
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - William J. Watkins
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gregory T. Notte
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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Moukengue B, Brown HK, Charrier C, Battaglia S, Baud'huin M, Quillard T, Pham TM, Pateras IS, Gorgoulis VG, Helleday T, Heymann D, Berglund UW, Ory B, Lamoureux F. TH1579, MTH1 inhibitor, delays tumour growth and inhibits metastases development in osteosarcoma model. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102704. [PMID: 32151797 PMCID: PMC7063190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour. Unfortunately, no new treatments are approved and over the last 30 years the survival rate remains only 30% at 5 years for poor responders justifying an urgent need of new therapies. The Mutt homolog 1 (MTH1) enzyme prevents incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into DNA and recently developed MTH1 inhibitors may offer therapeutic potential as MTH1 is overexpressed in various cancers. Methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of targeting MTH1 with two chemical inhibitors, TH588 and TH1579 on human osteosarcoma cells. Preclinical efficacy of TH1579 was assessed in human osteosarcoma xenograft model on tumour growth and development of pulmonary metastases. Findings MTH1 is overexpressed in OS patients and tumour cell lines, compared to mesenchymal stem cells. In vitro, chemical inhibition of MTH1 by TH588 and TH1579 decreases OS cells viability, impairs their cell cycle and increases apoptosis in OS cells. TH1579 was confirmed to bind MTH1 by CETSA in OS model. Moreover, 90 mg/kg of TH1579 reduces in vivo tumour growth by 80.5% compared to non-treated group at day 48. This result was associated with the increase in 8-oxo-dG integration into tumour cells DNA and the increase of apoptosis. Additionally, TH1579 also reduces the number of pulmonary metastases. Interpretation All these results strongly provide a pre-clinical proof-of-principle that TH1579 could be a therapeutic option for patients with osteosarcoma. Funding This study was supported by La Ligue Contre le Cancer, la SFCE and Enfants Cancers Santé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Moukengue
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Hannah K Brown
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; University of Sheffield, INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Medical School, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Céline Charrier
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Séverine Battaglia
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Therese M Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; University of Sheffield, INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Medical School, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK; INSERM, U1232, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, University of Nantes, Université d'Angers, Blvd Jacques Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Ory
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Francois Lamoureux
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
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Wang J, Nagy N, Masucci MG. The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 upregulates the cellular antioxidant defense to enable B-cell growth transformation and immortalization. Oncogene 2020; 39:603-616. [PMID: 31511648 PMCID: PMC6962091 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalizes human B-lymphocytes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoid and epithelial cell malignancies. The EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enables B-cell immortalization but causes oxidative DNA damage and triggers antiproliferative DNA damage responses. By comparing pairs of EBV-negative and -positive tumor cell lines we found that, while associated with the accumulation of oxidized nucleotides, EBV carriage promotes the concomitant activation of oxo-dNTP sanitization and purging pathways, including upregulation of the nucleoside triphosphatase mut-T homolog 1 (MTH1) and the DNA glycosylases 8-oxoguanine-glycosylase-1 (OGG1) and mut-Y homolog (MUTYH). Expression of EBNA1 was reversibly associated with transcriptional activation of this cellular response. DNA damage and apoptosis were preferentially induced in EBNA1-positive cell lines by treatment with MTH1 inhibitors, suggesting that virus carriage is linked to enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress. MTH1, OGG1, and MUTYH were upregulated upon EBV infection in primary B-cells and treatment with MTH1 inhibitors prevented B-cell immortalization. These findings highlight an important role of the cellular antioxidant response in sustaining EBV infection, and suggests that targeting this cellular defense may offer a novel approach to antiviral therapy and could reduce the burden of EBV associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria G Masucci
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tahara YK, Kietrys AM, Hebenbrock M, Lee Y, Wilson DL, Kool ET. Dual Inhibitors of 8-Oxoguanine Surveillance by OGG1 and NUDT1. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2606-2615. [PMID: 31622553 PMCID: PMC7061906 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage in DNA is one of the primary sources of mutations in the cell. The activities of repair enzymes 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and human MutT Homologue 1 (NUDT1 or MTH1), which work together to ameliorate this damage, are closely linked to mutagenesis, genotoxicity, cancer, and inflammation. Here we have undertaken the development of small-molecule dual inhibitors of the two enzymes as tools to test the relationships between these pathways and disease. The compounds preserve key structural elements of known inhibitors of the two enzymes, and they were synthesized and assayed with recently developed luminescence assays of the enzymes. Further structural refinement of initial lead molecules yielded compound 5 (SU0383) with IC50(NUDT1) = 0.034 μM and IC50(OGG1) = 0.49 μM. The compound SU0383 displayed low toxicity in two human cell lines at 10 μM. Experiments confirm the ability of SU0383 to increase sensitivity of tumor cells to oxidative stress. Dual inhibitors of these two enzymes are expected to be useful in testing multiple hypotheses regarding the roles of 8-oxo-dG in multiple disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anna M. Kietrys
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marian Hebenbrock
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David L. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Lee JW, Lee S, Ho JN, Youn JI, Byun SS, Lee E. Antitumor effects of MutT homolog 1 inhibitors in human bladder cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2265-2271. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1648207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
As standard second-line regimen has not been established for patients who are refractory to or relapse with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, an effective class of novel chemotherapeutic agents is needed for cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer. Recent publications reported that MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) inhibitors suppress tumor growth and induce impressive therapeutic responses in a variety of human cancer cells. Few studies investigated the cytotoxic effects of MTH1 inhibitors in human bladder cancer. Accordingly, we investigated the antitumor effects and the possible molecular mechanisms of MTH1 inhibitors in cisplatin-sensitive (T24) and – resistant (T24R2) human bladder cancer cell lines. These results suggest that TH588 or TH287 may induce cancer cell suppression by off-target effects such as alterations in the expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins rather than MTH1 inhibition in cisplatin-sensitive and – resistant bladder cancer cells.
Abbreviations: MTH: MutT homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; DCFH-DA: dichlorofluorescein diacetate; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Je-In Youn
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Eunsik Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Samaranayake GJ, Troccoli CI, Zhang L, Huynh M, Jayaraj CJ, Ji D, McPherson L, Onishi Y, Nguyen DM, Robbins DJ, Karbaschi M, Cooke MS, Barrientos A, Kool ET, Rai P. The Existence of MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase Activity in Cancer Cells as a Compensatory Mechanism against On-target Effects of MTH1 Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:432-446. [PMID: 31744893 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into the human 8-oxodGTPase, MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1), have risen sharply since the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors were reported to be highly tumoricidal. However, MTH1 as a cancer therapeutic target is currently controversial because subsequently developed inhibitors did not exhibit similar cytotoxic effects. Here, we provide the first direct evidence for MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase function in human cancer cells and human tumors, using a novel ATP-releasing guanine-oxidized (ARGO) chemical probe. Our studies show that this functionally redundant 8-oxodGTPase activity is not decreased by five different published MTH1-targeting small molecules or by MTH1 depletion. Significantly, while only the two first-in-class inhibitors, TH588 and TH287, reduced cancer cell viability, all five inhibitors evaluated in our studies decreased 8-oxodGTPase activity to a similar extent. Thus, the reported efficacy of the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors does not arise from their inhibition of MTH1-specific 8-oxodGTPase activity. Comparison of DNA strand breaks, genomic 8-oxoguanine incorporation, or alterations in cellular oxidative state by TH287 versus the noncytotoxic inhibitor, IACS-4759, contradict that the cytotoxicity of the former results solely from increased levels of oxidatively damaged genomic DNA. Thus, our findings indicate that mechanisms unrelated to oxidative stress or DNA damage likely underlie the reported efficacy of the first-in-class inhibitors. Our study suggests that MTH1 functional redundancy, existing to different extents in all cancer lines and human tumors evaluated in our study, is a thus far undefined factor which is likely to be critical in understanding the importance of MTH1 and its clinical targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindi J Samaranayake
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Clara I Troccoli
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mai Huynh
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | | | - Debin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lisa McPherson
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yoshiyuki Onishi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David J Robbins
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
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The MTH1 inhibitor TH588 is a microtubule-modulating agent that eliminates cancer cells by activating the mitotic surveillance pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14667. [PMID: 31604991 PMCID: PMC6789014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mut-T homolog-1 (MTH1) inhibitor TH588 has shown promise in preclinical cancer studies but its targeting specificity has been questioned. Alternative mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects of TH588 have been suggested but the question remains unresolved. Here, we performed an unbiased CRISPR screen on human lung cancer cells to identify potential mechanisms behind the cytotoxic effect of TH588. The screen identified pathways and complexes involved in mitotic spindle regulation. Using immunofluorescence and live cell imaging, we showed that TH588 rapidly reduced microtubule plus-end mobility, disrupted mitotic spindles, and prolonged mitosis in a concentration-dependent but MTH1-independent manner. These effects activated a USP28-p53 pathway – the mitotic surveillance pathway – that blocked cell cycle reentry after prolonged mitosis; USP28 acted upstream of p53 to arrest TH588-treated cells in the G1-phase of the cell cycle. We conclude that TH588 is a microtubule-modulating agent that activates the mitotic surveillance pathway and thus prevents cancer cells from re-entering the cell cycle.
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Jarvis A, Ouvry G. Essential ingredients for rational drug design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126674. [PMID: 31521476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This short review focuses on three aspects of rational drug design that we consider of utmost importance: the conformation of small molecules in solid form, the conformation of small molecules in solution and lesser studied interactions in protein-ligand complexes. Using examples from recent literature, we will illustrate these different aspects and how they have contributed to the discovery of potent modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Jarvis
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Ouvry
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom.
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Giuliano CJ, Lin A, Girish V, Sheltzer JM. Generating Single Cell-Derived Knockout Clones in Mammalian Cells with CRISPR/Cas9. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 128:e100. [PMID: 31503414 PMCID: PMC6741428 DOI: 10.1002/cpmb.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables the rapid generation of loss-of-function mutations in a targeted gene in mammalian cells. A single cell harboring those mutations can be used to establish a new cell line, thereby creating a CRISPR-induced knockout clone. These clonal cell lines serve as crucial tools for exploring protein function, analyzing the consequences of gene loss, and investigating the specificity of biological reagents. However, the successful derivation of knockout clones can be technically challenging and may be complicated by multiple factors, including incomplete target ablation and interclonal heterogeneity. Here, we describe optimized protocols and plasmids for generating clonal knockouts in mammalian cell lines. We provide strategies for guide RNA design, CRISPR delivery, and knockout validation that facilitate the derivation of true knockout clones and are amenable to multiplexed gene targeting. These protocols will be broadly useful for researchers seeking to apply CRISPR to study gene function in mammalian cells. © 2019 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Giuliano
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNew York
- Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
- Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Ann Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNew York
- Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
| | - Vishruth Girish
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNew York
- Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
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Hua X, Sanjiv K, Gad H, Pham T, Gokturk C, Rasti A, Zhao Z, He K, Feng M, Zang Y, Zhang J, Xia Q, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. Karonudib is a promising anticancer therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919866960. [PMID: 31489034 PMCID: PMC6710815 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919866960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and is generally caused by viral infections or consumption of mutagens, such as alcohol. While liver transplantation and hepatectomy is curative for some patients, many relapse into disease with few treatment options such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, for example, sorafenib or lenvatinib. The need for novel systemic treatment approaches is urgent. Methods: MTH1 expression profile was first analyzed in a HCC database and MTH1 mRNA/protein level was determined in resected HCC and paired paracancerous tissues with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. HCC cancer cell lines were exposed in vitro to MTH1 inhibitors or depleted of MTH1 by siRNA. 8-oxoG was measured by the modified comet assay. The effect of MTH1 inhibition on tumor growth was explored in HCC xenograft in vivo models. Results: MTH1 protein level is elevated in HCC tissue compared with paracancerous liver tissue and indicates poor prognosis. The MTH1 inhibitor Karonudib (TH1579) and siRNA effectively introduce toxic oxidized nucleotides into DNA, 8-oxoG, and kill HCC cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HCC growth in a xenograft mouse model in vivo is efficiently suppressed by Karonudib. Conclusion: Altogether, these data suggest HCC relies on MTH1 for survival, which can be targeted and may open up a novel treatment option for HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Hua
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Gokturk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxuan Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjin Zang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Center of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodav.23A, Stockholm, 171 21, Sweden
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Wiedmer L, Schärer C, Spiliotopoulos D, Hürzeler M, Śledź P, Caflisch A. Ligand retargeting by binding site analogy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Patterson JC, Joughin BA, Prota AE, Mühlethaler T, Jonas OH, Whitman MA, Varmeh S, Chen S, Balk SP, Steinmetz MO, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. VISAGE Reveals a Targetable Mitotic Spindle Vulnerability in Cancer Cells. Cell Syst 2019; 9:74-92.e8. [PMID: 31302152 PMCID: PMC6688637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for new antimitotic drug combinations that target cancer-specific vulnerabilities. Based on our finding of elevated biomolecule oxidation in mitotically arrested cancer cells, we combined Plk1 inhibitors with TH588, an MTH1 inhibitor that prevents detoxification of oxidized nucleotide triphosphates. This combination showed robust synergistic killing of cancer, but not normal, cells that, surprisingly, was MTH1-independent. To dissect the underlying synergistic mechanism, we developed VISAGE, a strategy integrating experimental synergy quantification with computational-pathway-based gene expression analysis. VISAGE predicted, and we experimentally confirmed, that this synergistic combination treatment targeted the mitotic spindle. Specifically, TH588 binding to β-tubulin impaired microtubule assembly, which when combined with Plk1 blockade, synergistically disrupted mitotic chromosome positioning to the spindle midzone. These findings identify a cancer-specific mitotic vulnerability that is targetable using Plk1 inhibitors with microtubule-destabilizing agents and highlight the general utility of the VISAGE approach to elucidate molecular mechanisms of drug synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Patterson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver H Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A Whitman
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shohreh Varmeh
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sen Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Xin-yu Zhao, Liu K, Wang XL, Yu RL, Kang CM. Exploration of Novel MTH1 Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based De Novo Design, Virtual Screening, and Reverse Virtual Screening Methods. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ugur I, Schroft M, Marion A, Glaser M, Antes I. Predicting the bioactive conformations of macrocycles: a molecular dynamics-based docking procedure with DynaDock. J Mol Model 2019; 25:197. [PMID: 31222506 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds are of growing interest as a new class of therapeutics, especially as inhibitors binding to protein-protein interfaces. As molecular modeling is a well-established complimentary tool in modern drug design, the number of attempts to develop reliable docking strategies and algorithms to accurately predict the binding mode of macrocycles is rising continuously. Standard molecular docking approaches need to be adapted to this application, as a comprehensive yet efficient sampling of all ring conformations of the macrocycle is necessary. To overcome this issue, we designed a molecular dynamics-based docking protocol for macrocycles, in which the challenging sampling step is addressed by conventional molecular dynamics (750 ns) simulations performed at moderately high temperature (370 K). Consecutive flexible docking with the DynaDock approach based on multiple, pre-sampled ring conformations yields highly accurate poses with ligand RMSD values lower than 1.8 Å. We further investigated the value of molecular dynamics-based complex stability estimations for pose selection and discuss its applicability in combination with standard binding free energy estimations for assessing the quality of poses in future blind docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Ugur
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department for Biosciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maja Schroft
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department for Biosciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Antoine Marion
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department for Biosciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Manuel Glaser
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department for Biosciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department for Biosciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 8, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Zhou W, Ma L, Yang J, Qiao H, Li L, Guo Q, Ma J, Zhao L, Wang J, Jiang G, Wan X, Adam Goscinski M, Ding L, Zheng Y, Li W, Liu H, Suo Z, Zhao W. Potent and specific MTH1 inhibitors targeting gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:434. [PMID: 31164636 PMCID: PMC6547740 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human mutT homolog 1(MTH1), the oxidized dNTP pool sanitizer enzyme, has been reported to be highly expressed in various malignant tumors. However, the oncogenic role of MTH1 in gastric cancer remains to be determined. In the current study, we found that MTH1 was overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissues and cells. Using an in vitro MTH1 inhibitor screening system, the compounds available in our laboratory were screened and the small molecules containing 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine structure were firstly found to show potently and specifically inhibitory effect on MTH1, especially compound MI-743 with IC50 = 91.44 ± 1.45 nM. Both molecular docking and target engagement experiments proved that MI-743 can directly bind to MTH1. Moreover, MI-743 could not only inhibit cell proliferation in up to 16 cancer cell lines, especially gastric cancer cells HGC-27 and MGC-803, but also significantly induce MTH1-related 8-oxo-dG accumulation and DNA damage. Furthermore, the growth of xenograft tumours derived by injection of MGC-803 cells in nude mice was also significantly inhibited by MI-743 treatment. Importantly, MTH1 knockdown by siRNA in those two gastric cancer cells exhibited the similar findings. Our findings indicate that MTH1 is highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Small molecule MI-743 with 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine structure may serve as a novel lead compound targeting the overexpressed MTH1 for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Guozhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiangbin Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Lina Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway.
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Çağlayan M. Interplay between DNA Polymerases and DNA Ligases: Influence on Substrate Channeling and the Fidelity of DNA Ligation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2068-2081. [PMID: 31034893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA ligases are a highly conserved group of nucleic acid enzymes that play an essential role in DNA repair, replication, and recombination. This review focuses on functional interaction between DNA polymerases and DNA ligases in the repair of single- and double-strand DNA breaks, and discusses the notion that the substrate channeling during DNA polymerase-mediated nucleotide insertion coupled to DNA ligation could be a mechanism to minimize the release of potentially mutagenic repair intermediates. Evidence suggesting that DNA ligases are essential for cell viability includes the fact that defects or insufficiency in DNA ligase are casually linked to genome instability. In the future, it may be possible to develop small molecule inhibitors of mammalian DNA ligases and/or their functional protein partners that potentiate the effects of chemotherapeutic compounds and improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Çağlayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Discovery of a new class of MTH1 inhibitor by X-ray crystallographic screening. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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