1
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Salluce G, Folgar-Cameán Y, Barba-Bon A, Nikšić-Franjić I, El Anwar S, Grüner B, Lostalé-Seijo I, Nau WM, Montenegro J. Size and Polarizability of Boron Cluster Carriers Modulate Chaotropic Membrane Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404286. [PMID: 38712936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Perhalogenated closo-borates represent a new class of membrane carriers. They owe this activity to their chaotropicity, which enables the transport of hydrophilic molecules across model membranes and into living cells. The transport efficiency of this new class of cluster carriers depends on a careful balance between their affinity to membranes and cargo, which varies with chaotropicity. However, the structure-activity parameters that define chaotropic transport remain to be elucidated. Here, we have studied the modulation of chaotropic transport by decoupling the halogen composition from the boron core size. The binding affinity between perhalogenated decaborate and dodecaborate clusters carriers was quantified with different hydrophilic model cargos, namely a neutral and a cationic peptide, phalloidin and (KLAKLAK)2. The transport efficiency, membrane-lytic properties, and cellular toxicity, as obtained from different vesicle and cell assays, increased with the size and polarizability of the clusters. These results validate the chaotropic effect as the driving force behind the membrane transport propensity of boron clusters. This work advances our understanding of the structural features of boron cluster carriers and establishes the first set of rational design principles for chaotropic membrane transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Salluce
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yeray Folgar-Cameán
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Barba-Bon
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ivana Nikšić-Franjić
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Suzan El Anwar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Hlavní 1001, CZ-250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumír Grüner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Hlavní 1001, CZ-250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Lostalé-Seijo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Werner M Nau
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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2
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Kazimir A, Götze T, Lönnecke P, Murganić B, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E. Exploring Raloxifene-Based Metallodrugs: A Versatile Vector Combined with Platinum(II), Palladium(II) and Nickel(II) Dichlorides and Carborates against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400006. [PMID: 38642018 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses challenges in therapy due to the absence of target expression such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Frequently, the treatment of TNBC involves the combination of several therapeutics. However, an enhanced therapeutic effect can be also achieved within a single molecule. The efficacy of raloxifene can be improved by designing a raloxifene-based hybrid drug bearing a 2,2'-bipyridine moiety (2). Integration of platinum(II), palladium(II), and nickel(II) complexes into this structure dramatically changed the cytotoxicity. The platinum(II) dichloride complex 3 did not demonstrate any activity, while palladium(II) and nickel(II) dichloride complexes 4 and 5 exhibited various cytotoxic behavior towards different types of hormone-receptor positive (HR+) cancer and TNBC cell lines. The replacement of the two chlorido ligands in 3-5 with a dicarbollide (carborate) ion [C2B9H11]2- resulted in reduced activity of compounds 6, 7, and 8. However, the palladacarborane complex 7 demonstrated higher selectivity towards TNBC. Furthermore, the mechanism of action was shifted from cytotoxic to explicitly cytostatic with detectable proliferation arrest and accelerated aging, characterized by senescence-associated phenotype of TNBC cells. This study provides valuable insights into the development of hybrid therapeutics against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kazimir
- new address, Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Tom Götze
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Blagoje Murganić
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, 12-14 Mike Petrovića Street, Belgrade, 11351, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, Bul. despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, Bul. despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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3
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Grams RJ, Santos WL, Scorei IR, Abad-García A, Rosenblum CA, Bita A, Cerecetto H, Viñas C, Soriano-Ursúa MA. The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2441-2511. [PMID: 38382032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) have emerged as important pharmacophores. To date, five BCC drugs (including boronic acids and boroles) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer, infections, and atopic dermatitis, while some natural BCC are included in dietary supplements. Boron's Lewis acidity facilitates a mechanism of action via formation of reversible covalent bonds within the active site of target proteins. Boron has also been employed in the development of fluorophores, such as BODIPY for imaging, and in carboranes that are potential neutron capture therapy agents as well as novel agents in diagnostics and therapy. The utility of natural and synthetic BCC has become multifaceted, and the breadth of their applications continues to expand. This review covers the many uses and targets of boron in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Antonio Abad-García
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrei Bita
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Bednarska-Szczepaniak K, Ebenryter-Olbińska K, Gajek G, Śmiałkowski K, Suwara J, Fiedorowicz L, Leśnikowski Z. Synthesis of DNA-Boron Cluster Composites and Assembly into Functional Nanoparticles with Dual, Anti-EGFR, and Anti-c-MYC Oncogene Silencing Activity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303531. [PMID: 38214885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A versatile method for the automated synthesis of composites containing DNA-oligonucleotides and boron cluster scaffolds and their assembly into functional nanoparticles is described. The obtained, torus-like nanoparticles carry antisense oligonucleotides that target two different oncogenes simultaneously. The nanoparticles exhibited notable silencing efficiency in vitro in a pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1 toward EGFR and c-Myc genes at the mRNA level, and a significant efficiency at the protein level. The proposed approach may be an attractive alternative to methods currently used, including one therapeutic nucleic acid, one genetic target, or the use of cocktails of therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bednarska-Szczepaniak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa Łódź, 106, 92-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ebenryter-Olbińska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza, Łódź, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gajek
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa Łódź, 106, 92-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Śmiałkowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa Łódź, 106, 92-232, Lodz, Poland
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Science, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Suwara
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza, Łódź, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lidia Fiedorowicz
- Laboratory of Mycobacterium Genetics and Physiology, Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa Łódź, 106, 92-232, Lodz, Poland
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Science, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Leśnikowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa Łódź, 106, 92-232, Lodz, Poland
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5
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Riffle JR, Hemingway TM, Smith MD, Peryshkov DV. Synthesis and cluster structure distortions of biscarborane dithiol, thioether, and disulfide. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4444-4450. [PMID: 38353929 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04289h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of the first sulfur-containing derivatives of the C,C-biscarborane {ortho-C2B10}2 cluster - thiol, thioether, and disulfide - are reported. The biscarboranyl dithiol (1-HS-C2B10H10)2 exhibits an exceedingly long intracluster carbon-carbon bond length of 1.858(3) Å, which is attributed to the extensive interaction between the lone pairs of the thiol groups and the unoccupied molecular orbital of the carborane cluster. The structures of the doubly deprotonated biscarboranyl dithiolate anion (1-S-C2B10H10)22- with various counter cations feature an even longer carbon-carbon bond length of 2.062(10) Å within the cluster along with a short carbon-sulfur bond of 1.660(7) Å, both indicative of significant delocalization of electron density from the sulfur atoms into the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Riffle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Tyler M Hemingway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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6
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Ravi Sankar A, Arunachalam S, Gnanasekaran R. A computational study to determine the role of σ-hole in Br/OH substituted nido-carborane and its binding capabilities. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108680. [PMID: 38039786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of the σ-hole on the halogen atom present in the nido-heteroboranes is made by employing quantum mechanical methods. The bromide and the hydroxyl groups are incorporated in the exo-substituents of the nido-boranes. The potential of the bromide σ-hole was compared to that of electrostatic potential of hydroxyl group counterpart. The presence of a carbon atom vertex, in a different position of a system, influences the σ-hole and hence its binding abilities. Bromide substituted nido-carboranes have less potential and hence weaker binding ability compared to their closo-counterparts. Binding affinity with aliphatic is found to be more compared to that of aromatic system. The presence of solvent dampened the electrostatic interactions. Apart from the neutral system, the binding capabilities of charged nido-heteroboranes were also studied. The results of this study will be further useful for several applications viz., crystal engineering, drug designing (Pharmaceuticals), medicine, material science, energy storage devices, etc.
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7
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Sun ZZ, Gao P, Yang Y, Wang T, Wu XJ, Wang YQ. Synthesis of Carboranylated Dihydropyrrolo[1,2- a]quinoxalines and Dihydroindolo[1,2- a]quinoxalines by BF 3·OEt 2-Catalyzed Heterocyclization of C-Formyl- o-carboranes and Investigation of Their Oxidation Stability. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3573-3579. [PMID: 38377489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A BF3·OEt2-catalyzed synthesis of carboranylated dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines and dihydroindolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines in 30-99% yields is presented through the heterocyclization of various C-modified C-formyl-o-carboranes with 1-(2-aminophenyl)-pyrroles/indoles. A systematic comparative investigation of their oxidation stability in air confirmed that 4-carboranyl-4,5-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline had better stability than the 4-phenyl analogue. A cage-deboronation reaction for N-acetyl-substituted carboranylated dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline produced the corresponding 7,8-nido-carborane cesium salt. A kinetic resolution was also realized to obtain an optically pure carboranylated N-heterocycle scaffold bearing a carborane cage carbon-bonded chiral stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Gao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Zhengzhou Yuanli Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Zhengzhou Yuanli Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P. R. China
| | - You-Qing Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Yuanli Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P. R. China
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8
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Doyduk D, Derkus B, Sari B, Eylem CC, Nemutlu E, Yıldırır Y. Molecular docking, synthesis, anticancer activity, and metabolomics study of boronic acid ester-containing fingolimod derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300382. [PMID: 37768844 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, drugs that contain boronic acid groups, such as ixazomib (Ninlaro™) and bortezomib (Velcade™), have been used in the treatment of bone marrow cancer. The activity of compounds has been found to increase with the addition of boron atoms to the structure. In addition to these compounds, studies have found that fingolimod (FTY720) is more effective against breast cancer than cisplatin. Therefore, in this study, the first examples of boron-containing derivatives of fingolimod were designed and synthesized; in addition, their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized boron-containing drug candidates were found to significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis-mediated cell death in HT-29 (colorectal cells), SaOs-2 (osteosarcoma cells), and U87-MG (glioblastoma cells). Moreover, we revealed that the anticancer effects of boron-containing fingolimod compounds were found to be significantly enhanced over boron-free control groups and, strikingly, over the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. The metabolomic analysis confirmed that administration of the boron-containing drug candidates induces significant changes in the metabolite profiles in HT-29, SaOs-2, and U87-MG cells. Altogether, our results showed that boron-containing fingolimod compounds can be further examined to reveal their potential as anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğukan Doyduk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Derkus
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buse Sari
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Can Eylem
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Yıldırır
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Rykowski S, Gurda-Woźna D, Fedoruk-Wyszomirska A, Orlicka-Płocka M, Kowalczyk A, Stączek P, Denel-Bobrowska M, Biniek-Antosiak K, Rypniewski W, Wyszko E, Olejniczak AB. Carboranyl-1,8-naphthalimide intercalators induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and ferroptosis in cancer cell lines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2171028. [PMID: 36715272 PMCID: PMC9888480 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2171028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of carborane-1,8-naphthalimide conjugates and evaluation of their DNA-binding ability and anticancer activity were performed. A series of 4-carboranyl-3-nitro-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives, mitonafide and pinafide analogs, were synthesised via amidation and reductive amination reactions, and their calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA)-binding properties were investigated using circular dichroism, UV-vis spectroscopy, and thermal denaturation. Results showed that conjugates 34-37 interacted very strongly with ct-DNA (ΔTm = 10.00-13.00 °C), indicating their ability to intercalate with DNA, but did not inhibit the activity of topoisomerase II. The conjugates inhibited the cell growth of the HepG2 cancer cell line in vitro. The same compounds caused the G2M phase arrest. Cell lines treated with these conjugates showed an increase in reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and Fe2+ levels, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial membrane potential relative to controls, indicating the involvement of ferroptosis. Furthermore, these conjugates caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization in HepG2 cells but not in MRC-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Gurda-Woźna
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | | | - Wojciech Rypniewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eliza Wyszko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland,CONTACT Eliza Wyszko Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka B. Olejniczak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland,Agnieszka B. Olejniczak Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
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10
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Horáček O, Dhaubhadel U, Holub J, Grüner B, Armstrong DW, Kučera R. Employment of chiral columns with superficially porous particles in chiral separations of cobalt bis (dicarbollide) and nido-7,8-C 2 B 9 H 12 (1-) derivatives. Chirality 2023; 35:937-951. [PMID: 37461229 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of the nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) (dicarbollide ion) and [3,3'-Co-(1,2-C2 B9 H11 )2 ](1-) cobalt sandwich (COSAN) ion represent groups of extremely chemically and thermally stable abiotic compounds. They are being investigated in many research areas, that is, medicinal chemistry, material sciences, analytical chemistry, and electrochemistry. The chirality of these compounds remains still grossly overlooked, what is also reflected in limited number of reports on their chiral separations. Continued progress depends on reliable, fast, and cost-effective methods for such separations. Recently, chiral separations of COSAN derivatives were achieved in liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. Only five anionic derivatives of nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) were successfully enantioseparated in liquid chromatography. Efforts to separate anionic nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) in supercritical chromatography have failed, and only a few dicarbollide ions were separated using liquid chromatography. Generally, all chiral separations in liquid chromatography took about 30 min. Herein, we identify a versatile column capable of separating both COSAN and nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) derivatives and achieve faster analyses times employing commercially available superficially porous chiral stationary phases. The semisynthetic hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin-based column (CDShell-RSP) is identified as the column of choice from the tested columns by separating 19 of 27 compounds from each structural motifs tested mainly in less than 10 min. The dihydroxyalkyl, oxygen-bridged hydroxyalkyl, and bisphenylene-bridged COSAN derivatives were baseline separated in less than 5 min exceeding the results of supercritical fluid chromatography. Methods developed herein will aid synthetic chemists without the possession of a supercritical fluid chromatograph to achieve fast chiral separations of COSAN and derivatives of nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12 (1-) on a common liquid chromatograph without the need of dedicated instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Horáček
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Umang Dhaubhadel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumír Grüner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Radim Kučera
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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11
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Cebula J, Fink K, Goldeman W, Szermer-Olearnik B, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Psurski M, Cuprych M, Kędziora A, Dudek B, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Chaszczewska-Markowska M, Gos M, Migdał P, Goszczyński TM. Structural Patterns Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Metallacarborane-Based Antibiotics. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14948-14962. [PMID: 37903296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare systems heavily rely on antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, but the widespread presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria puts this strategy in danger. Novel drugs capable of overcoming current resistances are needed if our ability to treat bacterial infections is to be maintained. Boron clusters offer a valuable possibility to create a new class of antibiotics and expand the chemical space of antibiotics beyond conventional carbon-based molecules. In this work, we identified two promising structural patterns providing cobalta bis(dicarbollide)(COSAN)-based compounds with potent and selective activity toward Staphylococcus aureus (including clinical strains): introduction of the α-amino acid amide and addition of iodine directly to the metallacarborane cage. Furthermore, we found that proper hydrophilic-lipophilic balance is crucial for the selective activity of the tested compounds toward S. aureus over mammalian cells. The patterns proposed in this paper can be useful in the development of metallacarborane-based antibiotics with potent antibacterial properties and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Cebula
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fink
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Szermer-Olearnik
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Cuprych
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kędziora
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Dudek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michalina Gos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Goszczyński
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Paskas S, Stockmann P, Mijatović S, Kuhnert L, Honscha W, Hey-Hawkins E, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Carborane-Based ABCG2-Inhibitors Sensitize ABC-(Over)Expressing Cancer Cell Lines for Doxorubicin and Cisplatin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1582. [PMID: 38004447 PMCID: PMC10674596 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ABCG2 transporter protein, as part of several known mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance, has the ability to transport a broad spectrum of substrates out of the cell and is, therefore, considered as a potential target to improve cancer therapies or as an approach to combat drug resistance in cancer. We have previously reported carborane-functionalized quinazoline derivatives as potent inhibitors of human ABCG2 which effectively reversed breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-mediated mitoxantrone resistance. In this work, we present the evaluation of our most promising carboranyl BCRP inhibitors regarding their toxicity towards ABCG2-expressing cancer cell lines (MCF-7, doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 or MCF-7 Doxo, HT29, and SW480) and, consequently, with the co-administration of an inhibitor and therapeutic agent, their ability to increase the efficacy of therapeutics with the successful inhibition of ABCG2. The results obtained revealed synergistic effects of several inhibitors in combination with doxorubicin or cisplatin. Compounds DMQCa, DMQCc, and DMQCd showed a decrease in IC50 value in ABCB1- and ABCG2-expressing SW480 cells, suggesting a possible targeting of both transporters. In an HT29 cell line, with the highest expression of ABCG2 among the tested cell lines, using co-treatment of doxorubicin and DMQCd, the effective inhibitory concentration of the antineoplastic agent could be reduced by half. Interestingly, co-treatment of compound QCe with cisplatin, which is not an ABCG2 substrate, showed synergistic effects in MCF-7 Doxo and HT29 cells (IC50 values halved or reduced by 20%, respectively). However, a literature-known upregulation of cisplatin-effluxing ABC transporters and their effective inhibition by the carborane derivatives emerges as a possible reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Paskas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Philipp Stockmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Lydia Kuhnert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (S.M.)
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13
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Kulkarni S, Bhandary D, Singh Y, Monga V, Thareja S. Boron in cancer therapeutics: An overview. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108548. [PMID: 37858628 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Boron has become a crucial weapon in anticancer research due to its significant intervention in cell proliferation. Being an excellent bio-isosteric replacement of carbon, it has modulated the anticancer efficacy of various molecules in the development pipeline. It has elicited promising results through interactions with various therapeutic targets such as HIF-1α, steroid sulfatase, arginase, proteasome, etc. Since boron liberates alpha particles, it has a wide-scale application in Boron Neutron Capture therapy (BNCT), a radiotherapy that demonstrates selectivity towards cancer cells due to high boron uptake capacity. Significant advances in the medicinal chemistry of boronated compounds, such as boronated sugars, natural/unnatural amino acids, boronated DNA binders, etc., have been reported over the past few years as BNCT agents. In addition, boronated nanoparticles have assisted the field of bio-nano medicines by their usage in radiotherapy. This review exclusively focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic aspects of boron in cancer therapeutics. Emphasis is also given on the mechanism of action along with advantages over conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Dyuti Bhandary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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14
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Ki Au Y, Ma Q, Zhang J, Xie Z. Ir-Catalyzed B(3)-Amination of o-Carboranes with Amines via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative BH/NH Cross-Coupling. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300611. [PMID: 37694997 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient strategy for Ir-catalyzed selective B(3)-amination of o-carboranes with amines via acceptorless BH/NH dehydrocoupling was developed, affording a series of B(3)-aminated-o-carboranes in moderate to high isolated yields with H2 gas as a sole by-product. Such an oxidant-free system endues the protocol sustainability, atom-economy and environmental friendliness. A reaction mechanism via an Ir(I)-Ir(III)-Ir(I) catalytic cycle involving oxidative addition, dehydrogenation and reductive elimination was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ki Au
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R.China
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15
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Pazderová L, Tüzün EZ, Bavol D, Litecká M, Fojt L, Grűner B. Chemistry of Carbon-Substituted Derivatives of Cobalt Bis(dicarbollide)(1 -) Ion and Recent Progress in Boron Substitution. Molecules 2023; 28:6971. [PMID: 37836814 PMCID: PMC10574808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1-) anion (1-), [(1,2-C2B9H11)2-3,3'-Co(III)](1-), plays an increasingly important role in material science and medicine due to its high chemical stability, 3D shape, aromaticity, diamagnetic character, ability to penetrate cells, and low cytotoxicity. A key factor enabling the incorporation of this ion into larger organic molecules, biomolecules, and materials, as well as its capacity for "tuning" interactions with therapeutic targets, is the availability of synthetic routes that enable easy modifications with a wide selection of functional groups. Regarding the modification of the dicarbollide cage, syntheses leading to substitutions on boron atoms are better established. These methods primarily involve ring cleavage of the ether rings in species containing an oxonium oxygen atom connected to the B(8) site. These pathways are accessible with a broad range of nucleophiles. In contrast, the chemistry on carbon vertices has remained less elaborated over the previous decades due to a lack of reliable methods that permit direct and straightforward cage modifications. In this review, we present a survey of methods based on metalation reactions on the acidic C-H vertices, followed by reactions with electrophiles, which have gained importance in only the last decade. These methods now represent the primary trends in the modifications of cage carbon atoms. We discuss the scope of currently available approaches, along with the stereochemistry of reactions, chirality of some products, available types of functional groups, and their applications in designing unconventional drugs. This content is complemented with a report of the progress in physicochemical and biological studies on the parent cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ion and also includes an overview of recent syntheses and emerging applications of boron-substituted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pazderová
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Ece Zeynep Tüzün
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro Bavol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Miroslava Litecká
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Lukáš Fojt
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Bohumír Grűner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.); (M.L.)
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16
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Nie Z, Cheng R, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Reaction of 4-Bpin-o-Carborane with Ketones: Sequential Carbon Vertex Alkylation and B-B Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300598. [PMID: 37547963 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Diboron compounds are important reagents in a series of transition metal catalyzed or metal-free borylation reactions. We describe herein a unique reactivity of 4-Bpin-o-carborane with ketones under basic conditions, leading to sequential cage carbon alkylation, B-B bond activation and unexpected O-migration. The reaction was compatible with a good substrate scope including dialkyl or alkyl aryl ketones. The reaction mechanism is also proposed, involving cage CH deprotonation, nucleophilic attack of ketone, and O-migration along with B-B bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Nie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruofei Cheng
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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17
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Lin C, Jin Y, Sun J, Ye Z, Chen T, Liu J, Duttwyler S. Regioselective B2-6 penta-iodination of the [CB 11H 12] - monocarborane cluster by palladium catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11042-11046. [PMID: 37540047 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Penta-iodination of the B2-6 positions of the {CB11} monocarborane cluster is reported. Products of the structure [2,3,4,5,6-I5-CB11H6-12-X]- (X = H, Me, Et, Ph, Br, I) were obtained and fully characterized. X-ray crystal structures of three new compounds confirm this particular substitution pattern. The synthetic method relies on palladium catalysis/B-H activation, assisted by the C1-COOH directing group. The one-pot procedure enables penta-iodination and subsequent decarboxylation under convenient conditions. The B2-6 regioselectivity is complementary to the commonly observed reactivity of {CB11} clusters, which follows the trend B12 > B7-11 > B2-6 for electrophilic substitution. Thus, for the first time upper-belt halogenation is achieved without prior modification of the lower-belt positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yujie Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jizeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zehua Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Zhang QS, He L, Liu Q, Chen XY. Charge Transfer Complex-Enabled Synthesis of (Hetero)arylated m-Carboranes from m-Carborane Phosphonium Salts. Org Lett 2023; 25:5768-5773. [PMID: 37534925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
A photoinduced charge transfer complex (CTC)-enabled photoreduction of carborane phosphonium salts for the cage carbon (hetero)arylation of carboranes was developed. It offers a convenient approach for introducing a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl groups, such as pyrroles, thiophenes, indoles, thianaphthenes, benzofurans, pyridines, and benzenes, into carboranes. This strategy offers operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and a broad substrate scope, making it highly advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256606, China
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19
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Hleli B, Medoš Ž, Ogrin P, Tošner Z, Kereïche S, Gradzielski M, Urbič T, Bešter-Rogač M, Matějíček P. Closo-dodecaborate-based dianionic surfactants with distorted classical morphology: Synthesis and atypical micellization in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:809-819. [PMID: 37327624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS To challenge the classical concept of step-like micellization of ionic surfactants with singular critical micelle concentration, novel amphiphilic compounds with bulky dianionic head and the alkoxy tail connected via short linker, which can complex sodium cations, were synthesized in the form of disodium salts. EXPERIMENT The surfactants were synthesized by opening of a dioxanate ring attached to closo-dodecaborate by activated alcohol, which allows for attachment of alkyloxy tails of desired length to boron cluster dianion. The synthesis of the compounds with high cationic purity (sodium salt) is described. Self-assembly of the surfactant compound at air/water interface and in bulk water was studied by tensiometry, light and small angle X-ray scattering, electron microscopy, NMR spectroscopy, MD simulations and by isothermal titration calorimetry, ITC. The peculiarities in the micelle structure and formation were revealed by thermodynamic modelling and MD simulations of the micellization process. FINDINGS In an atypical process, the surfactants self-assemble in water to form relatively small micelles, where the aggregation number is decreasing with the surfactant concentration. The extensive counterion binding is a key characteristic of the micelles. The analysis strongly indicates complex compensation between the degree of bound sodium ions and the aggregation number. For the first time, a three-step thermodynamic model was used to estimate the thermodynamic parameters associated with micellization process. Diverse micelles differing in size and counterion binding can (co-)exist in the solution over the broad concentration and temperature range. Thus, the concept of step-like micellization was found inappropriate for these types of micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belhssen Hleli
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Žiga Medoš
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Ogrin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- NMR Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 000 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Sekr. TC 7, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomaž Urbič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Bešter-Rogač
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Pavel Matějíček
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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20
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Teixidor F, Núñez R, Viñas C. Towards the Application of Purely Inorganic Icosahedral Boron Clusters in Emerging Nanomedicine. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114449. [PMID: 37298925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, drugs were obtained by extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis. Today, medicinal chemistry continues to focus on organic compounds and the majority of commercially available drugs are organic molecules, which can incorporate nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens, as well as carbon and hydrogen. Aromatic organic compounds that play important roles in biochemistry find numerous applications ranging from drug delivery to nanotechnology or biomarkers. We achieved a major accomplishment by demonstrating experimentally/theoretically that boranes, carboranes, as well as metallabis(dicarbollides), exhibit global 3D aromaticity. Based on the stability-aromaticity relationship, as well as on the progress made in the synthesis of derivatized clusters, we have opened up new applications of boron icosahedral clusters as key components in the field of novel healthcare materials. In this brief review, we present the results obtained at the Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis (LMI) of the Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) with icosahedral boron clusters. These 3D geometric shape clusters, the semi-metallic nature of boron and the presence of exo-cluster hydrogen atoms that can interact with biomolecules through non-covalent hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds, play a key role in endowing these compounds with unique properties in largely unexplored (bio)materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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21
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Śmiałkowski K, Sardo C, Leśnikowski ZJ. Metallacarborane Synthons for Molecular Construction-Oligofunctionalization of Cobalt Bis(1,2-dicarbollide) on Boron and Carbon Atoms with Extendable Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104118. [PMID: 37241858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of metallacarboranes' potential in various fields of research and practical applications requires the availability of convenient and versatile methods for their functionalization with various functional moieties and/or linkers of different types and lengths. Herein, we report a study on cobalt bis(1,2-dicarbollide) functionalization at 8,8'-boron atoms with different hetero-bifunctional moieties possessing a protected hydroxyl function allowing further modification after deprotection. Moreover, an approach to the synthesis of three and four functionalized metallacarboranes, at boron and carbon atoms simultaneously via additional functionalization at carbon to obtain derivatives carrying three or four rationally oriented and distinct reactive surfaces, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Śmiałkowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Science, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Carla Sardo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Zbigniew J Leśnikowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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22
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Pozdeev AS, Boldyrev AI. Exploring the Structure and Bonding of Group 13 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Hydrides with the X 2H 4 Stoichiometry: A Theoretical Investigation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8019-8026. [PMID: 37155701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the structure evolution of the Group 13 hydrides on the example of X2H4 (X = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl) and BAlH4, AlGaH4, GaInH4, and InTlH4 stoichiometries via density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio quantum chemistry methods performing Coalescence Kick (CK) global minimum search and AdNDP chemical bonding analysis. We found that all global minimum structures possess multicenter electron bonds. The difference between the structures of X2H4 stoichiometry for boron and aluminum is much more significant than that between other pairs of Al-Ga, Ga-In, and In-Tl. The evolution of Group 13 hydride structure involves the gradual prevalence of classical 2c-2e bonds over multicenter bonds for heavier elements. The found structural features of the heterogeneous hydrides are in total agreement with those of homogeneous hydrides and with the trends common for the periodic table that allows us to investigate the structural evolution of Group 13 hydrides more completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Pozdeev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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23
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Zaitsev AV, Kiselev SS, Smol'yakov AF, Fedorov YV, Kononova EG, Borisov YA, Ol'shevskaya VA. BODIPY derivatives modified with carborane clusters: synthesis, characterization and DFT studies. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4084-4094. [PMID: 37128951 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach for the preparation of 3,5-dicarborane-substituted BODIPY conjugates was developed via the functionalization of 3,5-dibromo-8-pentafluorophenyl-BODIPY with neutral and anionic carborane S-nucleophiles. It was found that 3,5-dicarborane-substituted BODIPYs could be easily modified with a third carborane cluster using SNAr substitution reactions of the para-fluorine atom in the meso-pentafluorophenyl BODIPY substituent with the corresponding carborane S-nucleophile affording boron-enriched BODIPYs in good yields. The influence of bromine atom substitution with carborane moieties on the position of absorption and fluorescence bands and the fluorescence quantum yields of the prepared BODIPYs were analyzed. The crystal structures of BODIPYs 4 and 8 were investigated. Density functional theory methods (DFT wb97xd/6-31G* and wb97xd/lanl2dz) were performed to study the geometrical structures, electronic characteristics, the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs and LUMOs) and other chemical descriptors of the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Zaitsev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey S Kiselev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander F Smol'yakov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Fedorov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena G Kononova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yurii A Borisov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Valentina A Ol'shevskaya
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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24
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Vakhrushev AV, Gruzdev DA, Demin AM, Levit GL, Krasnov VP. Synthesis of Novel Carborane-Containing Derivatives of RGD Peptide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083467. [PMID: 37110700 PMCID: PMC10143838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Short peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) fragment can selectively bind to integrins on the surface of tumor cells and are attractive transport molecules for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to tumors (for example, glioblastoma). We have demonstrated the possibility of obtaining the N- and C-protected RGD peptide containing 3-amino-closo-carborane and a glutaric acid residue as a linker fragment. The resulting carboranyl derivatives of the protected RGD peptide are of interest as starting compounds in the synthesis of unprotected or selectively protected peptides, as well as building blocks for preparation of boron-containing derivatives of the RGD peptide of a more complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Vakhrushev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gruzdev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander M Demin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina L Levit
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Victor P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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25
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Ueberham L, Gündel D, Kellert M, Deuther-Conrad W, Ludwig FA, Lönnecke P, Kazimir A, Kopka K, Brust P, Moldovan RP, Hey-Hawkins E. Development of the High-Affinity Carborane-Based Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 PET Ligand [ 18F]LUZ5- d8. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5242-5260. [PMID: 36944112 PMCID: PMC10782483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was intensively explored. To overcome the low metabolic stability and simultaneously increase the binding affinity of known CB2R radioligands, a carborane moiety was used as a bioisostere. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of carborane-based 1,8-naphthyridinones and thiazoles as novel CB2R ligands. All tested compounds showed low nanomolar CB2R affinity, with (Z)-N-[3-(4-fluorobutyl)-4,5-dimethylthiazole-2(3H)-ylidene]-(1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaboranyl)-carboxamide (LUZ5) exhibiting the highest affinity (0.8 nM). Compound [18F]LUZ5-d8 was obtained with an automated radiosynthesizer in high radiochemical yield and purity. In vivo evaluation revealed the improved metabolic stability of [18F]LUZ5-d8 compared to that of [18F]JHU94620. PET experiments in rats revealed high uptake in spleen and low uptake in brain. Thus, the introduction of a carborane moiety is an appropriate tool for modifying literature-known CB2R ligands and gaining access to a new class of high-affinity CB2R ligands, while the in vivo pharmacology still needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ueberham
- Universität
Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry
and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Gündel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals,
Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Kellert
- Universität
Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry
and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals,
Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals,
Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Universität
Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry
and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kazimir
- Universität
Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry
and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals,
Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals,
Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- The
Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals,
Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Universität
Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry
and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Flieger S, Takagaki M, Kondo N, Lutz MR, Gupta Y, Ueda H, Sakurai Y, Moran G, Kempaiah P, Hosmane N, Suzuki M, Becker DP. Carborane-Containing Hydroxamate MMP Ligands for the Treatment of Tumors Using Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT): Efficacy without Tumor Cell Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086973. [PMID: 37108137 PMCID: PMC10139035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New carborane-bearing hydroxamate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ligands have been synthesized for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) with nanomolar potency against MMP-2, -9 and -13. New analogs are based on MMP inhibitor CGS-23023A, and two previously reported MMP ligands 1 (B1) and 2 (B2) were studied in vitro for BNCT activity. The boronated MMP ligands 1 and 2 showed high in vitro tumoricidal effects in an in vitro BNCT assay, exhibiting IC50 values for 1 and 2 of 2.04 × 10-2 mg/mL and 2.67 × 10-2 mg/mL, respectively. The relative killing effect of 1 to L-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is 0.82/0.27 = 3.0, and that of 2 is 0.82/0.32 = 2.6, whereas the relative killing effect of 4 is comparable to boronophenylalanine (BPA). The survival fraction of 1 and 2 in a pre-incubation boron concentration at 0.143 ppm 10B and 0.101 ppm 10B, respectively, were similar, and these results suggest that 1 and 2 are actively accumulated through attachment to the Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)VII cells. Compounds 1 and 2 very effectively killed glioma U87 delta EGFR cells after BNCT. This study is noteworthy in demonstrating BNCT efficacy through binding to MMP enzymes overexpressed at the surface of the tumor cell without tumor cell penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Flieger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Mao Takagaki
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki-City 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kondo
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun 590-0494, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marlon R Lutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Yash Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun 590-0494, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun 590-0494, Osaka, Japan
| | - Graham Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Narayan Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan-gun 590-0494, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel P Becker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
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27
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Chuprin AS, Pavlov AA, Vologzhanina AV, Dorovatovskii PV, Makarenkov AV, Ol'shevskaya VA, Dudkin SV, Voloshin YZ. Multistep synthesis and X-ray structures of carboxyl-terminated hybrid iron(II) phthalocyaninatoclathrochelates and their postsynthetic transformation into polytopic carboranyl-containing derivatives. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3884-3895. [PMID: 36877091 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A multistep general synthetic strategy towards polytopic carboranyl-containing (semi)clathrochelate metal complexes, based on the template synthesis, transmetallation, amide condensation and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, is developed. Their mono(semi)clathrochelate precursors with a single reactive group were obtained using a transmetallation of the triethylantimony-capped macrobicyclic precursor. The thus obtained carboxyl-terminated iron(II) semiclathrochelate underwent a macrobicyclization with zirconium(IV) phthalocyaninate to form the corresponding phthalocyaninatoclathrochelate. The direct one-pot template condensation of the suitable chelating and cross-linking ligand synthons on the Fe2+ ion as a matrix was also used for its preparation. Further amide condensation of the aforementioned semiclathrochelate and hybrid complexes with propargylamine in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole gave the (pseudo)cage derivatives with a terminal CC bond. Their "click" reaction with an appropriate carboranylmethyl azide afforded the ditopic carboranosemiclathrochelates and the tritopic carboranyl-containing phthalocyaninatoclathrochelates with a flexible spacer fragment between their polyhedral entities. The obtained new complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, multinuclear NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, and by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Their FeN6-coordination polyhedra show a truncated trigonal-pyramidal geometry, while the cross-linking heptacoordinate Zr4+ or Hf4+ cations in the hybrid compounds form the MIVN4O3-coordination polyhedra with the geometry of a capped trigonal prism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Chuprin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Pavlov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
- BMSTU Center of National Technological Initiative "Digital Material Science: New Material and Substances", Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya st. 5, 105005, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Vologzhanina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel V Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatova pl., 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Makarenkov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valentina A Ol'shevskaya
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Semyon V Dudkin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yan Z Voloshin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28-1 Vavilova st., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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28
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Sarkar M, Hey-Hawkins E, Boomishankar R. Encapsulation Studies on closo-Dicarbadodecaborane Isomers in Neutral Tetrahedral Palladium(II) Cages. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4035-4042. [PMID: 36857772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of icosahedral closo-dicarbadodecaborane (o-, m-, and p-carboranes, Cb) as guest molecules at the intrinsic cavities of the three isostructural tetrahedral cages [{Pd3(NiPr)3PO}4(Cl-AN)6] (1), [{Pd3(NiPr)3PO}4(Br-AN)6] (2), and [{Pd3(NiPr)3PO}4(H-AN)6] (3) was studied. The formation of definite host-guest assemblies was probed with mass spectrometry, IR, and NMR spectral analysis. 2D DOSY 1H NMR of the Cb⊂Cage systems showed similar diffusion coefficient (D) values for the host and guest species, signifying the encapsulation of these guests inside the cage assemblies. The hydrodynamic radius (RH) derived from the D values of the host and guest species further confirmed the encapsulation of the Cb isomers at the cage pockets. The single-molecule energy optimization of the host-guest assemblies indicated the preferential binding of o-Cb as a guest inside the cages (1-3). The stabilization of these Cb guests inside these cages was further attributed to various possible nonclassical C-H···X-type interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghamala Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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29
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Duan HX, Li HN, Yang Y, Wu XJ, Wang YQ. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of carboranylated diols bearing two adjacent stereocenters located at the α,β-position of o-carborane cage carbon. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4077-4085. [PMID: 36880957 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00129f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great interest in carborane-containing molecules, there is a lack of literature on the generation of central chiralities, via catalytic asymmetric transformations using prochiral carboranyl substrates. Herein, we have synthesized novel optically active icosahedral carborane-containing diols via Sharpless catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of carborane-derived alkenes, under mild conditions. The reaction showed a good substrate scope with 74-94% yields and 92->99% ee. This synthetic approach facilitated the creation of two adjacent stereocenters respectively located at the α,β-position of o-carborane cage carbon, with a single syn-diastereoisomer. In addition, the obtained chiral carborane-containing diol product can be transformed to cyclic sulfate and can subsequently undergo a nucleophilic substitution and reduction to obtain the unexpected nido-carboranyl derivatives of chiral amino alcohols in the form of zwitterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Duan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao-Nan Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Zhengzhou Yuanli Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Zhengzhou Yuanli Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Qing Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China. .,Zhengzhou Yuanli Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
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30
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Kazimir A, Schwarze B, Lönnecke P, Jelača S, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E. Metallodrugs against Breast Cancer: Combining the Tamoxifen Vector with Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020682. [PMID: 36840003 PMCID: PMC9959148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The luminal A-subtype of breast cancer, where the oestrogen receptor α (ERα) is overexpressed, is the most frequent one. The prodrug tamoxifen (1) is the clinically used agent, inhibiting the ERα activity via the formation of several active metabolites, such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (2) or 4,4'-dihydroxytamoxifen (3). In this study, we present the tamoxifen derivative 4-[1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)but-1-en-2-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (4), which was combined with platinum or palladium dichloride, the former a well-known scaffold in anticancer treatment, to give [PtCl2(4-κ2N,N')] (5) or [PdCl2(4-κ2N,N'] (6). To prevent fast exchange of weakly coordinating chlorido ligands in aqueous solution, a bulky, highly stable and hydrophobic nido-carborate(-2) ([C2B9H11]2-) was incorporated. The resulting complexes [3-(4-κ2N,N')-3,1,2-PtC2B9H11] (7) and [3-(4-κ2N,N')-3,1,2-PdC2B9H11] (8) exhibit a dramatic change in electronic and biological properties compared to 5 and 6. Thus, 8 is highly selective for triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 3.7 μM, MTT test), while 7 is completely inactive against this cell line. The observed cytotoxicity of compounds 4-6 and 8 against this triple-negative cell line suggests off-target mechanisms rather than only ERα inhibition, for which these compounds were originally designed. Spectroscopic properties and electronic structures of the metal complexes were investigated for possible explanations of the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kazimir
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schwarze
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Jelača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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31
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Różycka D, Kowalczyk A, Denel-Bobrowska M, Kuźmycz O, Gapińska M, Stączek P, Olejniczak AB. Acridine/Acridone-Carborane Conjugates as Strong DNA-Binding Agents with Anticancer Potential. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200666. [PMID: 36734215 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of acridine derivatives that act as DNA-targeting anticancer agents is an evolving field and has resulted in the introduction of several drugs into clinical trials. Carboranes can be of importance in designing biologically active compounds due to their specific properties. Therefore, a series of novel acridine analogs modified with carborane clusters were synthesized. The DNA-binding ability of these analogs was evaluated on calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA). Results of these analyses showed that 9-[(1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1-yl)propylamino]acridine (30) interacted strongly with ct-DNA, indicating its ability to intercalate into DNA, whereas 9-[(1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1-yl)propanamido]acridine (29) changed the B-form of ct-DNA to the Z form. Compound 30 demonstrated cytotoxicity, was able to inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle in the S phase in the HeLa cancer cell line, and induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it was specifically localized in lysosomes and was a weak inhibitor of Topo IIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Różycka
- Screening Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - Marta Denel-Bobrowska
- Screening Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - Olga Kuźmycz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gapińska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - Agnieszka B Olejniczak
- Screening Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., Łódź, 93-232, Poland
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Lee K, Harper JL, Kim TH, Chan Noh H, Kim D, Ha-Yeon Cheong P, Lee PH. Regiodivergent metal-catalyzed B(4)- and C(1)-selenylation of o-carboranes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:643-649. [PMID: 36741533 PMCID: PMC9847680 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05590b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Regiodivergent transition metal-catalyzed B(4)- and C(1)-selenylation reactions of o-carboranes have been demonstrated. Namely, Ru(ii)-catalysis selectively generated B(4)-selenylated o-carboranes from the reaction of o-carborane acids with arylselenyl bromides with the release of carbon dioxide. In contrast, Pd(ii) catalysis provided exclusively C(1)-selenylated o-carboranes from the decarboxylative reaction of o-carborane acids with diaryl diselenides. In contrast to previous milestones in this area, these reactions demonstrate broad substrate scope with excellent yields. Combination of these methods leads to the formation of B(4)-C(1)-diselenylated o-carboranes. DFT studies revealed the mechanism of the Ru-process, with initial selenylation of the carborane cluster discovered to be essential for an energetically reasonable decarboxylation. This results in selenylation on the B(4) position prior to the decarboxylation event at C(1). This contrasted with the Pd-process in which the ready decarboxylation at C(1) leads to selenylation at C(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsup Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea
| | - Jordan L. Harper
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon 97331USA
| | - Tae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea
| | | | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Cheng R, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Iridium-catalyzed regioselective B(3,6)-dialkenylation or B(4)-alkenylation of o-carboranes via B-H activation and 1,2-carbon migration of alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:740-743. [PMID: 36541286 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Ir-catalyzed cage boron alkenylation of 1-(2'-picolyl)-o-carboranes with diarylacetylenes has been developed, leading to a wide variety of B-H geminal addition products via 1,2-carbon migration of alkynes. The steric effect of cage carbon substituents has a great impact on the regioselectivity of such alkenylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ruofei Cheng
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China. .,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T, Hong Kong, China.
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Solar-Encinas J, Vásquez-Espinal A, Leyva-Parra L, Yañez O, Inostroza D, Valenzuela ML, Orellana W, Tiznado W. Planar Elongated B 12 Structure in M 3B 12 Clusters (M = Cu-Au). Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010236. [PMID: 36615438 PMCID: PMC9822480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, it is shown that the M3B12 (M = Cu-Au) clusters' global minima consist of an elongated planar B12 fragment connected by an in-plane linear M3 fragment. This result is striking since this B12 planar structure is not favored in the bare cluster, nor when one or two metals are added. The minimum energy structures were revealed by screening the potential energy surface using genetic algorithms and density functional theory calculations. Chemical bonding analysis shows that the strong electrostatic interactions with the metal compensate for the high energy spent in the M3 and B12 fragment distortion. Furthermore, metals participate in the delocalized π-bonds, which infers an aromatic character to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Solar-Encinas
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.V.-E.); (W.T.)
| | - Luis Leyva-Parra
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Maria Luisa Valenzuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Procesos Sustentables, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Walter Orellana
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370136, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.V.-E.); (W.T.)
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Horáček O, Nováková L, Tüzün E, Grüner B, Švec F, Kučera R. Advanced Tool for Chiral Separations of Anionic and Zwitterionic (Metalla)carboranes: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17551-17558. [PMID: 36475613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continuous expansion of research in the field of stable carboranes and their wide potential in the drug design require carrying out fundamental studies regarding their chiral separations. Although supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is a viable technique for fast enantioseparations, no investigation concerning boron cluster compounds has been done yet. We aimed at the development of a straightforward method enabling chiral separations of racemic mixtures of anionic cluster carboranes and metallacarboranes that represent an analytical challenge. The fast gradient screening testing nine polysaccharide-based columns was used. The key parameters affecting the selectivity were the type of chiral selector, the type of alcohol, and the base in cosolvent. Moreover, the addition of acetonitrile or water to the cosolvent was identified as an effective tool for decreasing the analysis time while preserving the resolution. After the optimization, the chiral separations of 19 out of 20 selected compounds were achieved in less than 10 min. These results demonstrate the clear advantage of SFC over chiral separations using HPLC in terms of both analysis time and structural variety of successfully separated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ece Tüzün
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, 2030 Hlavova, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumír Grüner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Sivaev IB, Anufriev SA, Shmalko AV. How substituents at boron atoms affect the CH-acidity and the electron-withdrawing effect of the ortho-carborane cage: A close look on the 1H NMR spectra. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang S, Ren Y, Wang Z, Jiang X, Xu S, Zhang X, Zhao S, Zalloum WA, Liu X, Zhan P. The current progress in the use of boron as a platform for novel antiviral drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1329-1340. [PMID: 36448326 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2153829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Boron has attracted extensive interest due to several FDA-approved boron-containing drugs and other pharmacological agents in clinical trials. As a semimetal, it has peculiar biochemical characteristics which could be utilized in designing novel drugs against drug-resistant viruses. Emerging and reemerging viral pandemics are major threats to human health. Accordingly, we aim to comprehensively review the current status of antiviral boron-containing compounds. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the utilization of boron to design molecules against viruses from two perspectives: (i) single boron atom-containing compounds acting on miscellaneous viral targets and (ii) boron clusters. The peculiar properties of antiviral boron-containing compounds and their diverse binding modes with viral targets are described in detail in this review. EXPERT OPINION Compounds bearing boronic acid can interact with viral targets by forming covalent or robust hydrogen bonds. This feature is valuable for combating resistant viruses. Furthermore, boron clusters can form dihydrogen bonds and bear features such as three-dimensional aromaticity, hydrophobicity, and biological stability. All these features demonstrated boron as a probable essential element with immense potential for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Yujie Ren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Waleed A Zalloum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, American University of Madaba, P.O Box 2882 11821, Amman, Jordan
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
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Baranowski D, Mieczkowski A, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Bednarska-Szczepaniak K, Gdaniec Z, Leśnikowski ZJ. INSIGHTS INTO MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ADENOSINE-BORON CLUSTER CONJUGATES AND THEIRS PHENYL ISOSTERS AS ADENOSINE RECEPTOR LIGANDS: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hamdaoui M, Liu F, Cornaton Y, Lu X, Shi X, Zhang H, Liu J, Spingler B, Djukic JP, Duttwyler S. An Iridium-Stabilized Borenium Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18359-18374. [PMID: 36173688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new organometallic systems based on polyhedral boron clusters has the potential to solve challenging chemical problems such as the stabilization of reactive intermediates and transition-state-like species postulated for E-H (E = H, B, C, Si) bond activation reactions. We report on facile and clean B-H activation of a hydroborane by a new iridium boron cluster complex. The product of this reaction is an unprecedented and fully characterized transition metal-stabilized boron cation or borenium. Moreover, this intermediate bears an unusual intramolecular B···H interaction between the hydrogen originating from the activated hydroborane and the cyclometallated metal-bonded boron atom of the boron cluster. This B···H interaction is proposed to be an arrested insertion of hydrogen into the Bcage-metal bond and the initiation step for iridium "cage-walking" around the upper surface of the boron cluster. The "cage-walking" process is supported by the hydrogen-deuterium exchange observed at the boron cluster, and a mechanism is proposed on the basis of theoretical methods with a special focus on the role of noncovalent interactions. All new compounds were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Key compounds were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Hamdaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Chen M, Xu J, Zhao D, Sun F, Tian S, Tu D, Lu C, Yan H. Site-Selective Functionalization of Carboranes at the Electron-Rich Boron Vertex: Photocatalytic B-C Coupling via a Carboranyl Cage Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205672. [PMID: 35670361 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of carboranes in a vertex-specific manner is a perennial challenge. Here, we report a photocatalytic B-C coupling for the selective functionalization of carboranes at the boron site which is most distal to carbon. This reaction was achieved by the photo-induced decarboxylation of carborane carboxylic acids to generate boron vertex-centered carboranyl radicals. Theoretical calculations also demonstrate that the reaction more easily occurs at the boron site bearing higher electron density owing to the lower energy barrier for a single-electron transfer to generate a carboranyl radical. By using this strategy, a number of functionalized carboranes could be accessed through alkylation, alkenylation, and heteroarylation under mild conditions. Moreover, both a highly efficient blue emitter with a solid-state luminous efficiency of 42 % and a drug candidate for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) containing targeting and fluorine units were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Deshi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Songlin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Deshuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Zhang J, Xie Z. N-Ligand-Enabled Aromatic Nucleophilic Amination of 1,2-Diaryl-o-Carboranes with (R 2 N) 2 Mg for Selective Synthesis of 4-R 2 N-o-Carboranes and 2-R 2 N-m-Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202675. [PMID: 35579912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic aromatic BH substitution reaction of carboranes is uncommon, compared to the electrophilic one. This work reported a pyridine-enabled transition-metal-free regioselective nucleophilic aromatic cage B(4)-H amination of 1,2-diaryl-o-carboranes with magnesium bisamides, giving a series of B(4)-aminated o-carboranes. DFT calculations showcased a stepwise B-N formation/B-H cleavage process, in which Mg-H formation/cage closure is the rate-determining step. Unprecedentedly, in the presence of 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl (dtbpy), a tandem B(4)-amination/cage isomerization reaction of o-carboranes was discovered for the facile preparation of B(2)-aminated m-carboranes. Control experiments indicated that magnesium complex, bidentate ligand (dtbpy) and reaction temperature were crucial in the cage isomerization process. This direct nucleophilic aromatic cage B-H amination reaction offers an alternative strategy for selective amination of o- and m-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Lyu H, Xie Z. Transition metal catalyzed selective B(3)-H or B(4)-H amination of o-carboranes via dehydrogenative BH/NH cross-coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8392-8395. [PMID: 35792563 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02852b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A unique approach to vertex-selective catalytic B-H amination at either the B(3)- or B(4)-position in o-carboranes has been developed. Using different transition metal catalysts, dehydrogenative BH/NH cross-coupling of o-carboranes and free amines has been achieved, leading to a wide variety of cage B(3)- or B(4)-aminated o-carboranes in moderate to high yields with excellent regioselectivity, where carboranyl carboxylic acids and amines can serve as competent coupling partners without any pre-functionalization. The isolation and structural identification of a key intermediate provide an insight into the reaction mechanism in the catalytic B(4)-H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China.
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China.
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Paskaš S, Murganić B, Kuhnert R, Hey-Hawkins E, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Carborane-Based Analog of Rev-5901 Attenuates Growth of Colon Carcinoma In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144503. [PMID: 35889376 PMCID: PMC9321230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases convert polyunsaturated fatty acids into biologically active metabolites such as inflammatory mediators—prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The inhibition of lipoxygenases is increasingly employed in the treatment of cancer. We evaluated the anticancer potential of two novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, named CarbZDNaph and CarbZDChin, which are analogues of the commercially available inhibitor Rev-5901. The in vitro segment of this study was conducted on a mouse colorectal carcinoma cell line—CT26CL25. For an in vivo model, we induced tumors in BALB/c mice by the implantation of CT26CL25 cells, and we treated the animals with potential inhibitors. A 48 h treatment resulted in diminished cell viability. Calculated IC50 values (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations) were 25 μM, 15 μM and 30 μM for CarbZDNaph, CarbZDChin and Rev-5901, respectively. The detailed analysis of mechanism revealed an induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy. In the presence of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, we observed an increased mortality of cells, implying a cytoprotective role of autophagy. Our in vivo experiment reports tumor growth attenuation in animals treated with CarbZDChin. Compounds CarbZDNaph and Rev-5901 lacked an in vivo efficacy. The results presented in this study display a strong effect of compound CarbZDChin on malignant cell growth. Having in mind the important role of inflammation in cancer development, these results have a significant impact and are worthy of further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Paskaš
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “SinišaStanković”, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Blagoje Murganić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “SinišaStanković”, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Robert Kuhnert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.K.); (E.H.-H.)
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.K.); (E.H.-H.)
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “SinišaStanković”, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “SinišaStanković”, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078452
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Solar-Encinas J, Leyva-Parra L, Yáñez O, Inostroza D, Barrios-Llacuachaqui JR, Vásquez-Espinal A, Orellana W, Tiznado W. Bowl-shaped CuB12- Cluster. A viable Global Minimum with Twofold Aromaticity. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200366. [PMID: 35785508 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A low-lying structure is revealed for the CuB 12 - cluster, which is bowl-shaped. It consists of a triangular CuB 2 base and a B 10 rim. Molecular dynamics simulations evidence its structural robustness; at an elevated temperature (600 K), the base rotates reversibly within the B 10 perimeter. Chemical bonding analysis detects 2σ- and 3π-delocalized bonds, suggesting double aromaticity, which is confirmed by two diatropic and concentric ring currents under an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Osvaldo Yáñez
- Universidad de Las Americas, Ingeniería y Negocios, CHILE
| | | | | | | | | | - William Tiznado
- Universidad Andres Bello, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8320000, Santiago, CHILE
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45
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Carboranes in drug discovery, chemical biology and molecular imaging. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:486-504. [PMID: 37117309 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There exists a paucity of structural innovation and limited molecular diversity associated with molecular frameworks in drug discovery and biomolecular imaging/chemical probe design. The discovery and exploitation of new molecular entities for medical and biological applications will necessarily involve voyaging into previously unexplored regions of chemical space. Boron clusters, notably the carboranes, offer an alternative to conventional (poly)cyclic organic frameworks that may address some of the limitations associated with the use of novel molecular frameworks in chemical biology or medicine. The high thermal stability, unique 3D structure and aromaticity, kinetic inertness to metabolism and ability to engage in unusual types of intermolecular interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, with biological receptors make carboranes exquisite frameworks in the design of probes for chemical biology, novel drug candidates and biomolecular imaging agents. This Review highlights the key developments of carborane derivatives made over the last decade as new design tools in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, showcasing the versatility of this unique family of boron compounds.
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Abstract
Recent synthetic achievements have led to 4,4-disubstituted-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacenes (BODIPYs) with varying substituents at the meso, pyrrolic and/or boron sites, with each influencing photophysical properties and utility. This Feature article gives an overview of chemistry at the boron atom in BODIPYs, highlighting our contributions that evolved from synthetic curiosities and now offer this dipyrrolic skeleton potential across a wider range of applications. We first summarise preparative routes to BODIPYs through complexation of boron with the dipyrrinato ligand. The role of boron in protecting dipyrrins is then discussed, followed by strategies by which to achieve facile substitution at the boron atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosinah Liandrah Gapare
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Zhang J, Xie Z. N‐Ligand‐Enabled Aromatic Nucleophilic Amination of 1,2‐Diaryl‐
o
‐Carboranes with (R
2
N)
2
Mg for Selective Synthesis of 4‐R
2
N‐
o
‐Carboranes and 2‐R
2
N‐
m
‐Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong China
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Chen M, Xu J, Zhao D, Sun F, Tian S, Tu D, Lu C, Yan H. Site‐Selective Functionalization of Carboranes at Electron‐Rich Boron Vertex: Photocatalytic B‐C Coupling via a Carboranyl Cage Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Deshi Zhao
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Fangxiang Sun
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Songlin Tian
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Deshuang Tu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Changsheng Lu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hong Yan
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 22 Hankou Rd. 210093 Nanjing CHINA
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49
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Kashyap S, Batra K. Structural, electronic, thermodynamic and optical properties of SnlSemSn clusters: A DFT study. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Wei S, Azari A, Saedi L. Novel heteroborospherene as drug delivery systems for favipiravir drug: Ab-initio study. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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