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Li Y, Dong J, Qin JJ. Small molecule inhibitors targeting heat shock protein 90: An updated review. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116562. [PMID: 38865742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As a molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays important roles in the folding, stabilization, activation, and degradation of over 500 client proteins, and is extensively involved in cell signaling, proliferation, and survival. Thus, it has emerged as an important target in a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Therefore, targeted inhibition of HSP90 provides a valuable and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HSP90-related diseases. This review aims to systematically summarize the progress of research on HSP90 inhibitors in the last five years, focusing on their structural features, design strategies, and biological activities. It will refer to the natural products and their derivatives (including novobiocin derivatives, deguelin derivatives, quinone derivatives, and terpenoid derivatives), and to synthetic small molecules (including resorcinol derivatives, pyrazoles derivatives, triazole derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, benzamide derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, and benzofuran derivatives). In addition, the major HSP90 small-molecule inhibitors that have moved into clinical trials to date are also presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jinyun Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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Lu Y, Li D, Ai H, Xie X, Jiang X, Afrasiyab, Zhang H, Xu J, Huang S. Glucose-regulated protein 94 facilitates the proliferation of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus via inhibiting apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127158. [PMID: 37802442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose regulatory protein 94 (GRP94) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident member of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family, that plays an important role in secreted protein folding. Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is one of the main pathogens in sericulture, causing serious economic losses every year. Previous studies showed that HSP90 members promote BmNPV replication in silkworm, but the function of BmGRP94 in BmNPV infection and proliferation is still not understood. In this study, we investigated the interplay between BmGRP94 and BmNPV infection in silkworm. We first identified a single gene of BmGRP94 in the Bombyx mori genome, which encodes a polypeptide with 810 amino acids in length. Spatio-temporal expression profiles showed that BmGRP94 was highly expressed in hemocytes and midgut, and was significantly induced by BmNPV infection. Furthermore, overexpression of BmGRP94 facilitates viral proliferation, while BmGRP94 inhibition evidently decreased BmNPV proliferation in BmN cells and in silkworm midgut. Mechanistically, BmGRP94 inhibition triggers ER stress, as judged by increased expression of PERK/ATF4/ERO1, H2O2 production, and ER calcium efflux, which promotes cell apoptosis to restrict BmNPV replication in silkworm. These results suggest that BmGRP94 plays an important role in facilitating BmNPV proliferation, and provides a potential molecular target for BmNPV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Danting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Heng Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Afrasiyab
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hualing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Shoujun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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3
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Xiang Y, Liu X, Sun Q, Liao K, Liu X, Zhao Z, Feng L, Liu Y, Wang B. The development of cancers research based on mitochondrial heat shock protein 90. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1296456. [PMID: 38098505 PMCID: PMC10720920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1296456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial heat shock protein 90 (mtHsp90), including Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) and Hsp90 translocated from cytoplasm, modulating cellular metabolism and signaling pathways by altering the conformation, activity, and stability of numerous client proteins, and is highly expressed in tumors. mtHsp90 inhibition results in the destabilization and eventual degradation of its client proteins, leading to interference with various tumor-related pathways and efficient control of cancer cell development. Among these compounds, gamitrinib, a specific mtHsp90 inhibitor, has demonstrated its safety and efficacy in several preclinical investigations and is currently undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge pertaining to mtHsp90, encompassing its structure and function. Moreover, our main emphasis is on the development of mtHsp90 inhibitors for various cancer therapies, to present a thorough overview of the recent pre-clinical and clinical advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchu Xiang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kuo Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihui Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lishuang Feng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Que NLS, Seidler PM, Aw WJ, Chiosis G, Gewirth DT. Selective inhibition of hsp90 paralogs: Structure and binding studies uncover the role of helix 1 in Grp94-selective ligand binding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551342. [PMID: 37577523 PMCID: PMC10418071 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Grp94 is the endoplasmic reticulum paralog of the hsp90 family of chaperones, which have been targeted for therapeutic intervention via their highly conserved ATP binding sites. The design of paralog-selective inhibitors relies on understanding the structural elements that mediate each paralog's response to inhibitor binding. Here, we determined the structures of Grp94 and Hsp90 in complex with the Grp94-selective inhibitor PU-H36, and of Grp94 with the non-selective inhibitor PU-H71. In Grp94, the 8-aryl moiety of PU-H36 is inserted into Site 2, a conditionally available side pocket, but in Hsp90 it occupies Site 1, a non-selective side pocket that is accessible in all hsp90 paralogs. The structure of Grp94 in complex with the non-selective PU-H71 shows only Site 1 binding. Large conformational shifts involving helices 1, 4 and 5 of the N-terminal domain of Grp94 are associated with the engagement of the Site 2 pocket for ligand binding. To understand the origins of Site 2 pocket engagement, we tested the binding of Grp94-selective ligands to chimeric Grp94/Hsp90 constructs. These studies show that helix 1 of the Grp94 N-terminal domain is the discriminating element that allows for remodeling of the ATP binding pocket and exposure of the Site 2 selective pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Wen J. Aw
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Daniel T. Gewirth
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
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Lan H, Tong Z, Jiao Y, Han H, Ma Y, Li Y, Jia X, Hu B, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang Z. Deep Vein Thrombosis Is Facilitated by Endothelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via the PDI-GRP94-GPIIb/IIIa Pathway in Mice. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4265. [PMID: 37445300 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition. Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a crucial role in platelet-dependent DVT development via platelet activation, but the mechanism is not clear yet. This research aims to understand how platelets and endothelial-derived EVs work in DVT. METHODS The interaction between protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) was founded by molecular docking. Inferior vena cava stasis-induced mice received PDI and GRP94 inhibitor treatments. Platelet activation, endothelial-derived EVs, and PDI were measured using flow cytometry. The expression of PDI and dimetric GRP94 in platelets co-cultured with hypoxic endothelial cells was confirmed by Western blot or native PAGE. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay shows conformational changes in GPIIb/IIIa on platelet surfaces. A tracking experiment was performed using PKH26, which labelled endothelial-derived EVs, and the endocytosis of EVs by platelets was tracked by confocal microscope. RESULTS In a DVT mouse model, platelets enhance venous thrombus formation in a coagulation-independent manner, instead, platelet activation and the length of the thrombus are related to PDI and GRP94 activity. Next, we found that the expression level of endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI is significantly increased in plasma. Endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI are endocytosed by platelets, in which the content of GRP94 dimer is elevated, and consequently increases the expression of surface GPIIb/IIIa. In addition, PDI allosterically interacts with GPIIb/IIIa, which is re-configurated into an activated form. CONCLUSION Endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI induce DVT via interplay with GRP94 and GPIIb/IIIa in platelets. These findings emphasize the significance of platelets in DVT formation, and PDI may be a suitable target in DVT prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhoujie Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yaqiong Jiao
- Department of General Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haitao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xu Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Boang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Sohrab SS, Raj R, Nagar A, Hawthorne S, Paiva-Santos AC, Kamal MA, El-Daly MM, Azhar EI, Sharma A. Chronic Inflammation's Transformation to Cancer: A Nanotherapeutic Paradigm. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114413. [PMID: 37298889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The body's normal immune response against any invading pathogen that causes infection in the body results in inflammation. The sudden transformation in inflammation leads to the rise of inflammatory diseases such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disorders, and colorectal cancer (different types of cancer develop at the site of chronic infection and inflammation). Inflammation results in two ways: short-term inflammation i.e., non-specific, involves the action of various immune cells; the other results in long-term reactions lasting for months or years. It is specific and causes angiogenesis, fibrosis, tissue destruction, and cancer progression at the site of inflammation. Cancer progression relies on the interaction between the host microenvironment and tumor cells along with the inflammatory responses, fibroblast, and vascular cells. The two pathways that have been identified connecting inflammation and cancer are the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Both have their own specific role in linking inflammation to cancer, involving various transcription factors such as Nuclear factor kappa B, Activator of transcription, Single transducer, and Hypoxia-inducible factor, which in turn regulates the inflammatory responses via Soluble mediators cytokines (such as Interleukin-6, Hematopoietin-1/Erythropoietin, and tumor necrosis factor), chemokines (such as Cyclooxygenase-2, C-X-C Motif chemokines ligand-8, and IL-8), inflammatory cells, cellular components (such as suppressor cells derived from myeloid, tumor-associated macrophage, and acidophils), and promotes tumorigenesis. The treatment of these chronic inflammatory diseases is challenging and needs early detection and diagnosis. Nanotechnology is a booming field nowadays for its rapid action and easy penetration inside the infected destined cells. Nanoparticles are widely classified into different categories based on their different factors and properties such as size, shape, cytotoxicity, and others. Nanoparticles emerged as excellent with highly progressive medical inventions to cure diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and others. Nanoparticles have shown higher binding capacity with the biomolecules in inflammation reduction and lowers the oxidative stress inside tissue/cells. In this review, we have overall discussed inflammatory pathways that link inflammation to cancer, major inflammatory diseases, and the potent action of nanoparticles in chronic inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riya Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore University, Banglore 560056, India
| | - Amka Nagar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics Inc., Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 0RE, UK
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Dernovšek J, Tomašič T. Following the design path of isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibitors: Small differences, great opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108396. [PMID: 37001734 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family consists of four highly conserved isoforms: the mitochondrial TRAP-1, the endoplasmic reticulum-localised Grp94, and the cytoplasmic Hsp90α and Hsp90β. Since the late 1990s, this family has been extensively studied as a potential target for the treatment of cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. The initial approach was to develop non-selective, so-called pan-Hsp90 ATP-competitive inhibitors of the N-terminal domain. Many of these agents were tested in clinical trials, mainly for the treatment of cancer, but none of them succeeded in the clinic. This was mainly due to the lack of efficacy and various toxicities associated with the induction of heat shock response (HSR). This lack of success has prompted a turn to new approaches of Hsp90 inhibition. Thus, inhibitors selective for a particular isoform of Hsp90 have been developed. These isoform-selective inhibitors do not induce HSR and have a more targeted effect because not all client proteins are equally dependent on all four paralogues of Hsp90. However, it is extremely difficult to develop such selective compounds because the family is highly conserved. Hsp90α and Hsp90β have an amazing 95% identity of the N-terminal ATP binding site, differing only in two amino acid residues. Therefore, the focus of this review is to fully elucidate the key structural features of the selective inhibitor classes in terms of binding site dissimilarities. In addition to a methodological characterisation of the structure-activity relationships, the main advantages of selective inhibition of the TRAP-1, Grp94, Hsp90α and Hsp90β isoforms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Dernovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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He T, Zhu S, Lu W. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamides as HSP90 inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:239-248. [PMID: 35429283 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a promising anticancer drug target, which could be employed to construct HSP90 inhibitors-based drug conjugates for selective tumor therapy. Herein, a series of 4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamides were rationally designed, synthesized as HSP90 inhibitors, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-MS. Preliminary HSP90 binding assay showed that compounds 6b, 6l, 6m, 6n, 6t, and 6u exhibited significant HSP90α binding affinity. Among these selected compounds, 6u displayed the most potent anti-proliferative activities and particularly in Capan-1 cell line. Molecular modeling studies also confirmed possible mode of interaction between 6u and the binding sites of HSP90 by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Above all, these encouraging data indicated that 6u could be used as a HSP90 inhibitor for further study and helped the recognition of the 4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamide motif as a new scaffold for HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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Pugh KW, Alnaed M, Brackett CM, Blagg BSJ. The biology and inhibition of glucose-regulated protein 94/gp96. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2007-2024. [PMID: 35861260 PMCID: PMC10003671 DOI: 10.1002/med.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disease. Grp94 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones and is a master regulator of ER homeostasis due to its ability to fold and stabilize proteins/receptors, and to chaperone misfolded proteins for degradation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Grp94 knockdown or inhibition leads to the degradation of client protein substrates, which leads to disruption of disease-dependent signaling pathways. As a result, small molecule inhibitors of Grp94 have become a promising therapeutic approach to target a variety of disease states. Specifically, Grp94 has proven to be a promising target for cancer, glaucoma, immune-mediated inflammation, and viral infection. Moreover, Grp94-peptide complexes have been utilized effectively as adjuvants for vaccines against a variety of disease states. This work highlights the significance of Grp94 biology and the development of therapeutics that target this molecular chaperone in multiple disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler W. Pugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Marim Alnaed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Wang Y, Wang X. A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Heat-Shock Protein 90 Beta1(HSP90B1) in Human Tumours. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101377. [PMID: 36291587 PMCID: PMC9599833 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HSP90B1, a member of the heat-shock protein 90 family, plays a vital role as a molecular chaperone for oncogenes and stimulates tumour growth. However, its role in various cancers remains unexplored. Methods: Using the cancer genome atlas, gene expression omnibus the Human Protein Atlas databases and various other bioinformatic tools, this study investigated the involvement of HSP90B1 in 33 different tumour types. Results: The over-expression of HSP90B1 generally predicted poor overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with tumours, such as adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, HSP90B1 was highly expressed in the majority of tumours. A comparison was made between the phosphorylation of HSP90B1 in normal and primary tumour tissues, and putative functional mechanisms in HSP90B1-mediated oncogenesis were investigated. Additionally, the mutation burden of HSP90B1 in cancer was evaluated along with the survival rate of patients with cancer patients. Conclusion: This first pan-cancer investigation reveals the oncogenic functions of HSP90B1 in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong 226361, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen X, Meng F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Ye X, Zhang W, Tong Y, Ji X, Xu R, Xu XL, You QD, Jiang ZY. Discovery of 2-((2-methylbenzyl)thio)-6-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as a novel and effective bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor for the treatment of sepsis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Pan- and isoform-specific inhibition of Hsp90: Design strategy and recent advances. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Peng S, Woodruff J, Pathak PK, Matts RL, Deng J. Crystal structure of the middle and C-terminal domains of Hsp90α labeled with a coumarin derivative reveals a potential allosteric binding site as a drug target. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2022; 78:571-585. [PMID: 35503206 PMCID: PMC9063849 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798322002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90) is an abundant molecular chaperone that is essential to activate, stabilize and regulate the function of a plethora of client proteins. As drug targets for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, Hsp90 inhibitors that bind to the N-terminal ATP-binding site of Hsp90 have shown disappointing efficacy in clinical trials. Thus, allosteric regulation of the function of Hsp90 by compounds that interact with its middle and C-terminal (MC) domains is now being pursued as a mechanism to inhibit the ATPase activity and client protein-binding activity of Hsp90 without concomitant induction of the heat-shock response. Here, the crystal structure of the Hsp90αMC protein covalently linked to a coumarin derivative, MDCC {7-diethylamino-3-[N-(2-maleimidoethyl)carbamoyl]coumarin}, which is located in a hydrophobic pocket that is formed at the Hsp90αMC hexamer interface, is reported. MDCC binding leads to the hexamerization of Hsp90, and the stabilization and conformational changes of three loops that are critical for its function. A fluorescence competition assay demonstrated that other characterized coumarin and isoflavone-containing Hsp90 inhibitors compete with MDCC binding, suggesting that they could bind at a common site or that they might allosterically alter the structure of the MDCC binding site. This study provides insights into the mechanism by which the coumarin class of allosteric inhibitors potentially disrupt the function of Hsp90 by regulating its oligomerization and the burial of interaction sites involved in the ATP-dependent folding of Hsp90 clients. The hydrophobic binding pocket characterized here will provide new structural information for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jeff Woodruff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Prabhat Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Robert L. Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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14
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Fang J, Tong Y, Ji O, Wei S, Chen Z, Song A, Li P, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ruan H, Ding F, Liu Y. Glycoprotein 96 in Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Tool for Evaluating Peritoneal Transport Properties and Inflammatory Status. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824278. [PMID: 35222405 PMCID: PMC8866190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE), containing molecules such as proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), may be potential biological markers to monitor peritoneal function or injury. Peritoneal inflammation is an important determinant of peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR). Thus, the aim of this study is to determine whether the specific proteins capable of evaluating the PSTR could be found in PDE-EVs, and explore the underlying mechanism for the association between PSTR and peritoneal inflammation. Methods Sixty patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) were divided into two groups: high/high average transport (H/A) group (PET >0.65) and low/low average transport (L/A) group (PET <0.65). EVs derived from PDE (PDE-EVs) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Proteomic analysis was performed to explore the differentially expressed proteins and identify the potential biomarkers in PDE-EVs from the two groups, and we focused on glycoprotein 96 (GP96) as it could be involved in the inflammatory process. The expression of GP96 in PDE-EVs and inflammatory cytokines was quantified by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the peritoneum was detected using immunohistochemistry in a PD rat model. Results The expression of PDE-EVs-GP96 was significantly higher in the H/A group, and was positively correlated with the PSTR and the level of the inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-6. GP96-enriched EVs enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-8 in macrophages, which was reversed by a pharmacological GP96-specific inhibitor (PU-WS13). The GP96 inhibitor also reduced local peritoneal inflammation by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL2) in a PD rat model. Conclusions PDE-EVs-GP96 is a new promising tool to evaluate the status of peritoneal inflammation and PSTR, and the mechanism may be related to affecting the inflammatory properties of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Fang
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ouyang Ji
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahui Song
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Li
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqiang Ruan
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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6-acrylic phenethyl ester-2-pyranone derivative induces apoptosis and G2/M arrest by targeting GRP94 in colorectal cancer. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response facilitates AAV2 transduction by releasing the suppression of AAV receptor on ER stress. J Virol 2021; 96:e0110321. [PMID: 34851146 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01103-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is extensively used as a viral vector to deliver therapeutic genes during human gene therapy. A high affinity cellular receptor (AAVR) for most serotypes was recently identified, however, its biological function as a gene product remains unclear. In this study, we used AAVR knockdown cell models to show that AAVR depletion significantly attenuated cells to activate unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, when exposed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, tunicamycin. By analyzing three major UPR pathways, we found that ATF6 signaling was most affected in an AAVR-dependent fashion, distinct to CHOP and XBP1 branches. AAVR capacity in UPR regulation required the full native AAVR protein, and AAV2 capsid binding to the receptor altered ATF6 dynamics. Conversely, the transduction efficiency of AAV2 was associated with changes in ATF6 signaling in host cells following treatment with different small molecules. Thus, AAVR served as an inhibitory molecule to repress UPR responses via a specificity for ATF6 signaling, and the AAV2 infection route involved the release from AAVR-mediated ATF6 repression, thereby facilitating viral intracellular trafficking and transduction. Importance The native function of the AAVR as an ER-Golgi localized protein is largely unknown. We showed that AAVR acted as a functional molecule to regulate UPR signaling under induced ER stress. AAVR inhibited the activation of the transcription factor, ATF6, whereas receptor binding to AAV2 released the suppression effects. This finding has expanded our understanding of AAV infection biology in terms of the physiological properties of AAVR in host cells. Importantly, our research provides a possible strategy which may improve the efficiency of AAV mediated gene delivery during gene therapy.
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17
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Wang JM, Lin SR, Zhu YB, Yuan J, Wang YM, Zhang Q, Xie LS, Li SH, Liu SQ, Yu SG, Wu QF. Proteomic analysis of lysine acetylation reveals that metabolic enzymes and heat shock proteins may be potential targets for DSS-induced mice colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108336. [PMID: 34768127 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on acetylation modification and its modification sites will be of great significance for revealing the mechanism of disease and developing new targeted medicines. In this study, we aim to construct a complete atlas of acetylome in the DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice model (UC model) METHODS: A high-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative approach was employed to identify lysine-acetylated proteins and acetylation sites. Bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments verified anti-inflammatory effects of HSP90B1-K142ac. RESULTS 2597 acetylation events and 1914 sites were quantified, highlighting 140 acetylation site changes in the colitis colon tissue. 91 acetylation sites in 75 proteins were up-regulated, and 49 acetylation sites in 39 proteins were down-regulated in the UC models. The differentially acetylated proteins mainly consisted of non-histone proteins located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. KEGG and protein-protein interaction networks analysis showed that the differentially acetylated proteins were enriched in the TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. 68% of the differentially metabolized enzymes have a down-regulated trend in acetylation levels. The acetylation level of lysine 142 in HSP90B1 was found to be obvious in the UC colon, and point mutation of HSP90B1-K142ac would result in the decreasing secretion of TNF-α and IL-2 in LPS-stimulated cultured cells. CONCLUSION Our work built a complete atlas of acetylome and revealed the potential role of metabolic enzymes and heat shock proteins in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Meng Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Si-Rui Lin
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China,; Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan,646000, China Tel.: +86 13880648343
| | - Yuan-Bing Zhu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Yue-Mei Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Lu-Shuang Xie
- School of basic medicine, Chengdu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075,China
| | - Si-Hui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shu-Qing Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China,; Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075,China.
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18
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Xu S, Guo A, Chen NN, Dai W, Yang HA, Xie W, Wang M, You QD, Xu XL. Design and synthesis of Grp94 selective inhibitors based on Phe199 induced fit mechanism and their anti-inflammatory effects. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113604. [PMID: 34174740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), a member of the Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family, is implicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Here, we describe our effort to design and develop a new series of Grp94 inhibitors based on Phe199 induced fit mechanism. Using an alkynyl-containing inhibitor as a starting point, we developed compound 4, which showed potent inhibitory activity toward Grp94 in a fluorescence polarization-based assay. With improved physicochemical properties and suitable pharmacokinetic properties, compound 4 was advanced into in vivo bioactivity evaluation. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC), compound 4 showed anti-inflammatory property and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Together, these findings provide evidence that this approach may be promising for further Grp94 drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Anping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huan-Aoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenqin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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19
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FBXL2 counteracts Grp94 to destabilize EGFR and inhibit EGFR-driven NSCLC growth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5919. [PMID: 34635651 PMCID: PMC8505509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) drives non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. EGFR mutations-mediated resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a major hurdle for NSCLC treatment. Here, we show that F-box protein FBXL2 targets EGFR and EGFR TKI-resistant mutants for proteasome-mediated degradation, resulting in suppression of EGFR-driven NSCLC growth. Reduced FBXL2 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we show that glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94) protects EGFR from degradation via blockage of FBXL2 binding to EGFR. Moreover, we have identified nebivolol, a clinically used small molecule inhibitor, that can upregulate FBXL2 expression to inhibit EGFR-driven NSCLC growth. Nebivolol in combination with osimertinib or Grp94-inhibitor-1 exhibits strong inhibitory effects on osimertinib-resistant NSCLC. Together, this study demonstrates that the FBXL2-Grp94-EGFR axis plays a critical role in NSCLC development and suggests that targeting FBXL2-Grp94 to destabilize EGFR may represent a putative therapeutic strategy for TKI-resistant NSCLC. Aberrant EGFR activation is commonly found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here the authors show that E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXL2 targets EGFR and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant mutants for proteasome-mediated degradation to inhibit EGFR-driven NSCLC growth and TKI resistance.
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20
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Duan X, Iwanowycz S, Ngoi S, Hill M, Zhao Q, Liu B. Molecular Chaperone GRP94/GP96 in Cancers: Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629846. [PMID: 33898309 PMCID: PMC8062746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor development and progression, intrinsic and extrinsic factors trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, resulting in the increased expression of molecular chaperones to cope with the stress and maintain tumor cell survival. Heat shock protein (HSP) GRP94, also known as GP96, is an ER paralog of HSP90 and has been shown to promote survival signaling during tumor-induced stress and modulate the immune response through its multiple clients, including TLRs, integrins, LRP6, GARP, IGF, and HER2. Clinically, elevated expression of GRP94 correlates with an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcome in a variety of cancers. Thus, GRP94 is a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in malignancies. In this review, we will undergo deep molecular profiling of GRP94 in tumor development and summarize the individual roles of GRP94 in common cancers, including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, and others. Finally, we will briefly review the therapeutic potential of selectively targeting GRP94 for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Soo Ngoi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Megan Hill
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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21
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Batzorig U, Wei PL, Wang W, Huang CY, Chang YJ. Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 Mediates the Proliferation and Metastasis through the Regulation of ETV1 and MAPK Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2251-2261. [PMID: 33967600 PMCID: PMC8100635 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health problem. Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is known as an important endoplasmic reticulum-stress response protein that shows correlation with aggressive cancer behavior. However, the role of GRP94 in CRC is still unclear. Our results showed that silencing GRP94 (GRP94-KD) reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells and suppressed tumorigenesis in the xenograft mouse model. Rescue assay showed that ETV1 overexpression reversed the effect of GRP94 on cell proliferation and migration. In the molecular mechanism, we found that knockdown of GRP94 inhibited the level of MAPK pathway, including ERK/p-ERK, JNK/p-JNK, and p38/p-p38 signals. Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation biomarkers, such as N-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin were suppressed in GRP94 knockdown cells. Treatment of specific inhibitors of MAPK pathway showed that ERK/p-ERK, and p38/p-p38 inhibitors significantly influenced ETV1 expression as compared to JNK/p-JNK inhibitor. Our results indicated that silencing GRP94 repressed the ability of EMT process, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and CRC tumorigenesis. Therefore, GRP94 may play an important role in CRC by regulating ETV1 and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyanga Batzorig
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Weu Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Sanchez J, Carter TR, Cohen MS, Blagg BSJ. Old and New Approaches to Target the Hsp90 Chaperone. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:253-270. [PMID: 31793427 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191202101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that ensures cellular proteostasis by maintaining the folding, stabilization, activation, and degradation of over 400 client proteins. Hsp90 is not only critical for routine protein maintenance in healthy cells, but also during states of cellular stress, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its ability to affect phosphorylation of numerous client proteins, inhibition of Hsp90 has been an attractive anticancer approach since the early 1990's, when researchers identified a druggable target on the amino terminus of Hsp90 for a variety of cancers. Since then, 17 Hsp90 inhibitors that target the chaperone's Nterminal domain, have entered clinical trials. None, however, have been approved thus far by the FDA as a cancer monotherapy. In these trials, a major limitation observed with Hsp90 inhibition at the N-terminal domain was dose-limiting toxicities and relatively poor pharmacokinetic profiles. Despite this, preclinical and clinical research continues to show that Hsp90 inhibitors effectively target cancer cell death and decrease tumor progression supporting the rationale for the development of novel Hsp90 inhibitors. Here, we present an in-depth overview of the Hsp90 inhibitors used in clinical trials. Finally, we present current shifts in the field related to targeting the carboxy-terminal domain of Hsp90 as well as to the development of isoform-selective inhibitors as a means to bypass the pitfalls of current Hsp90 inhibitors and improve clinical trial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackee Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Trever R Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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23
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Wang L, Xu X, Jiang Z, You Q. Modulation of protein fate decision by small molecules: targeting molecular chaperone machinery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1904-1925. [PMID: 33163343 PMCID: PMC7606112 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of protein fate decision and protein homeostasis plays a significant role in altering the protein level, which acts as an orientation to develop drugs with new mechanisms. The molecular chaperones exert significant biological functions on modulation of protein fate decision and protein homeostasis under constantly changing environmental conditions through extensive protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with their client proteins. With the help of molecular chaperone machinery, the processes of protein folding, trafficking, quality control and degradation of client proteins could be arranged properly. The core members of molecular chaperones, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) family and their co-chaperones, are emerging as potential drug targets since they are involved in numerous disease conditions. Development of small molecule modulators targeting not only chaperones themselves but also the PPIs among chaperones, co-chaperones and clients is attracting more and more attention. These modulators are widely used as chemical tools to study chaperone networks as well as potential drug candidates for a broader set of diseases. Here, we reviewed the key checkpoints of molecular chaperone machinery HSPs as well as their co-chaperones to discuss the small molecules targeting on them for modulation of protein fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
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Jung S, Yoon NG, Yang S, Kim D, Lee WS, Hong KB, Lee C, Kang BH, Lee JH, Kang S. Discovery of 2-((4-resorcinolyl)-5-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetates as potent Hsp90 inhibitors with selectivity over TRAP1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Li L, Wang L, You QD, Xu XL. Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors: An Update on Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1798-1822. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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26
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Li Z, Zhang Z, Sun H, Xu L, Jiang C. Identification of novel peptidomimetics targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103148. [PMID: 31376784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new peptidomimetics targeting the polo-box domain (PBD) of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was identified based on the potent and selective pentapeptide Plk1 PBD inhibitor PLHSpT. Unnatural amino acid residues were introduced to the newly designed compound and the N-terminal substituent of the peptidomimetic was investigated. The optimized compound 9 inhibited the Plk1 PBD with IC50 of 0.267 μM and showed almost no inhibition to Plk2 PBD or Plk3 PBD at 100 μM. Biolayer interferometry studies demonstrated that compound 9 showed potent binding affinity to Plk1 with a Kd value of 0.164 μM, while no Kd were detected against Plk2 and Plk3. Compound 9 showed improved stability in rat plasma compared to PLHSpT. Binding mode analysis was performed and in agreement with the observed experimental results. There are only two natural amino acids remained in the chemical structure of 9. This study may provide new information for further research on Plk1 PBD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Hoter A, Rizk S, Naim HY. The Multiple Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Molecular Chaperones in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081194. [PMID: 31426412 PMCID: PMC6721600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer types in men worldwide. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that are widely implicated in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of many cancers. The role of HSPs in PCa is complex and their expression has been linked to the progression and aggressiveness of the tumor. Prominent chaperones, including HSP90 and HSP70, are involved in the folding and trafficking of critical cancer-related proteins. Other members of HSPs, including HSP27 and HSP60, have been considered as promising biomarkers, similar to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), for PCa screening in order to evaluate and monitor the progression or recurrence of the disease. Moreover, expression level of chaperones like clusterin has been shown to correlate directly with the prostate tumor grade. Hence, targeting HSPs in PCa has been suggested as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In the current review, we discuss the functions as well as the role of HSPs in PCa progression and further evaluate the approach of inhibiting HSPs as a cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hoter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Rizk
- School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Montaruli M, Alberga D, Ciriaco F, Trisciuzzi D, Tondo AR, Mangiatordi GF, Nicolotti O. Accelerating Drug Discovery by Early Protein Drug Target Prediction Based on a Multi-Fingerprint Similarity Search. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122233. [PMID: 31207991 PMCID: PMC6631269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this continuing work, we have updated our recently proposed Multi-fingerprint Similarity Search algorithm (MuSSel) by enabling the generation of dominant ionized species at a physiological pH and the exploration of a larger data domain, which included more than half a million high-quality small molecules extracted from the latest release of ChEMBL (version 24.1, at the time of writing). Provided with a high biological assay confidence score, these selected compounds explored up to 2822 protein drug targets. To improve the data accuracy, samples marked as prodrugs or with equivocal biological annotations were not considered. Notably, MuSSel performances were overall improved by using an object-relational database management system based on PostgreSQL. In order to challenge the real effectiveness of MuSSel in predicting relevant therapeutic drug targets, we analyzed a pool of 36 external bioactive compounds published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry from October to December 2018. This study demonstrates that the use of highly curated chemical and biological experimental data on one side, and a powerful multi-fingerprint search algorithm on the other, can be of the utmost importance in addressing the fate of newly conceived small molecules, by strongly reducing the attrition of early phases of drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Montaruli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Alberga
- Cineca, Via Magnanelli 6/3, 40033 Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Daniela Trisciuzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Tondo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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