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Duangjan C, Chang X, Seidler PM, Curran SP. Oolonghomobisflavans from Camellia sinensis disaggregate tau fibrils across Alzheimer's disease models. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.26.582120. [PMID: 38464186 PMCID: PMC10925199 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common debilitating neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau fibrils are well-established hallmarks of AD, which can induce oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, and are linked to disease pathology. Here, we describe the effects of Oolonghomobisflavan A (OFA) and Oolonghomobisflavan B (OFB) on tau fibril disaggregation and prionogenic seeding. Transcriptomic analysis of OF-treated animals reveals the induction of a proteostasis-enhancing and health-promoting signature. OFA treatment reduced the burden of Tau protein aggregation in a C. elegans model expressing pathogenic human tau ("hTau-expressing") and promoted Tau disaggregation and inhibited seeding in assays using ex vivo brain-derived paired helical filament tau protein fibrils from Alzheimer's disease brain donors. Correspondingly, treatment with OF improved multiple fitness and aging-related health parameters in the hTau-expressing C. elegans model, including reproductive output, muscle function, and importantly, reversed the shortened lifespan stemming from pathogenic Tau expression. Collectively, this study provides new evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of OFs and reveal a new therapeutic strategy for targeting AD and other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by tauopathy.
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2
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Lin SY, Oakley CE, Jenkinson CB, Chiang YM, Lee CK, Jones CG, Seidler PM, Nelson HM, Todd RB, Wang CCC, Oakley BR. A heterologous expression platform in Aspergillus nidulans for the elucidation of cryptic secondary metabolism biosynthetic gene clusters: discovery of the Aspergillus fumigatus sartorypyrone biosynthetic pathway. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11022-11032. [PMID: 37860661 PMCID: PMC10583710 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a serious human pathogen causing life-threatening Aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Secondary metabolites (SMs) play an important role in pathogenesis, but the products of many SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) remain unknown. In this study, we have developed a heterologous expression platform in Aspergillus nidulans, using a newly created genetic dereplication strain, to express a previously unknown BGC from A. fumigatus and determine its products. The BGC produces sartorypyrones, and we have named it the spy BGC. Analysis of targeted gene deletions by HRESIMS, NMR, and microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) enabled us to identify 12 products from the spy BGC. Seven of the compounds have not been isolated previously. We also individually expressed the polyketide synthase (PKS) gene spyA and demonstrated that it produces the polyketide triacetic acid lactone (TAL), a potentially important biorenewable platform chemical. Our data have allowed us to propose a biosynthetic pathway for sartorypyrones and related natural products. This work highlights the potential of using the A. nidulans heterologous expression platform to uncover cryptic BGCs from A. fumigatus and other species, despite the complexity of their secondary metabolomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - C Elizabeth Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Cory B Jenkinson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Christopher G Jones
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Paul M Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Richard B Todd
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Berl R Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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3
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Abskharon R, Pan H, Sawaya MR, Seidler PM, Olivares EJ, Chen Y, Murray KA, Zhang J, Lantz C, Bentzel M, Boyer DR, Cascio D, Nguyen BA, Hou K, Cheng X, Pardon E, Williams CK, Nana AL, Vinters HV, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Steyaert J, Glabe CG, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Loo JA, Eisenberg DS. Structure-based design of nanobodies that inhibit seeding of Alzheimer's patient-extracted tau fibrils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300258120. [PMID: 37801475 PMCID: PMC10576031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300258120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite much effort, antibody therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown limited efficacy. Challenges to the rational design of effective antibodies include the difficulty of achieving specific affinity to critical targets, poor expression, and antibody aggregation caused by buried charges and unstructured loops. To overcome these challenges, we grafted previously determined sequences of fibril-capping amyloid inhibitors onto a camel heavy chain antibody scaffold. These sequences were designed to cap fibrils of tau, known to form the neurofibrillary tangles of AD, thereby preventing fibril elongation. The nanobodies grafted with capping inhibitors blocked tau aggregation in biosensor cells seeded with postmortem brain extracts from AD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients. The tau capping nanobody inhibitors also blocked seeding by recombinant tau oligomers. Another challenge to the design of effective antibodies is their poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. In this study, we also designed a bispecific nanobody composed of a nanobody that targets a receptor on the BBB and a tau capping nanobody inhibitor, conjoined by a flexible linker. We provide evidence that the bispecific nanobody improved BBB penetration over the tau capping inhibitor alone after intravenous administration in mice. Our results suggest that the design of synthetic antibodies that target sequences that drive protein aggregation may be a promising approach to inhibit the prion-like seeding of tau and other proteins involved in AD and related proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romany Abskharon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Hope Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Michael R. Sawaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Molecular Instrumentation Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Kevin A. Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jeffrey Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Megan Bentzel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - David R. Boyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Binh A. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Ke Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Els Pardon
- VIB-Vrije Universiteit Brussel Center for Structural Biology, VIB and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BrusselsB-1050, Belgium
| | - Christopher K. Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Alissa L. Nana
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Harry V. Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - William W. Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-Vrije Universiteit Brussel Center for Structural Biology, VIB and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BrusselsB-1050, Belgium
| | - Charles G. Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - David S. Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA,Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- UCLA-Department of Energy Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
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4
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Que NLS, Seidler PM, Aw WJ, Chiosis G, Gewirth DT. Selective inhibition of hsp90 paralogs: Structure and binding studies uncover the role of helix 1 in Grp94-selective ligand binding. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.31.551342. [PMID: 37577523 PMCID: PMC10418071 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Grp94 is the endoplasmic reticulum paralog of the hsp90 family of chaperones, which have been targeted for therapeutic intervention via their highly conserved ATP binding sites. The design of paralog-selective inhibitors relies on understanding the structural elements that mediate each paralog's response to inhibitor binding. Here, we determined the structures of Grp94 and Hsp90 in complex with the Grp94-selective inhibitor PU-H36, and of Grp94 with the non-selective inhibitor PU-H71. In Grp94, the 8-aryl moiety of PU-H36 is inserted into Site 2, a conditionally available side pocket, but in Hsp90 it occupies Site 1, a non-selective side pocket that is accessible in all hsp90 paralogs. The structure of Grp94 in complex with the non-selective PU-H71 shows only Site 1 binding. Large conformational shifts involving helices 1, 4 and 5 of the N-terminal domain of Grp94 are associated with the engagement of the Site 2 pocket for ligand binding. To understand the origins of Site 2 pocket engagement, we tested the binding of Grp94-selective ligands to chimeric Grp94/Hsp90 constructs. These studies show that helix 1 of the Grp94 N-terminal domain is the discriminating element that allows for remodeling of the ATP binding pocket and exposure of the Site 2 selective pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Wen J. Aw
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Daniel T. Gewirth
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
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5
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Tse A, Janilkarn-Urena I, Lin J, Chang X, Efthymiou C, Idrissova A, Zhang M, Williams CK, Magaki S, Vinters HV, Davies DL, Gonen T, Gukasyan HJ, Seidler PM. Improving the solubility of pseudo-hydrophobic Alzheimer's Disease medicinal chemicals through co-crystal formulation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.25.538327. [PMID: 37162961 PMCID: PMC10168350 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are ligands and potential inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tau. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a CNS active natural product. Despite having signature polyphenolic character, DHM is ostensibly hydrophobic owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that shield hydrophilic phenols. Our research shows DHM becomes ionized at near-neutral pH allowing formulation of salts with transformed solubility. The MicroED co-crystal structure with trolamine reveals DHM salts as metastable solids with unlocked hydrogen bonding and a thermodynamic bent to solubilize in water. All salt formulations show better inhibitory activity against AD tau than the non-salt form, with efficacies correlating to enhanced solubilities. These results underscore the role of structural chemistry in guiding selection of solubilizing agents for chemical formulation. We propose DHM salts are appropriate formulations for research as dietary supplements to promote healthy aging by combating protein misfolding. Additionally, DHM is a suitable lead for medicinal chemistry and possible development of CNS pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tse
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
- Authors contributed equally to experimental work
| | - I Janilkarn-Urena
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
- Authors contributed equally to experimental work
| | - J Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Authors contributed equally to experimental work
| | - X Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - C Efthymiou
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - A Idrissova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - CK Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S Magaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - HV Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - DL Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - T Gonen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - HJ Gukasyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - PM Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
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6
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Tayeb-Fligelman E, Bowler JT, Tai CE, Sawaya MR, Jiang YX, Garcia G, Griner SL, Cheng X, Salwinski L, Lutter L, Seidler PM, Lu J, Rosenberg GM, Hou K, Abskharon R, Pan H, Zee CT, Boyer DR, Li Y, Anderson DH, Murray KA, Falcon G, Cascio D, Saelices L, Damoiseaux R, Arumugaswami V, Guo F, Eisenberg DS. Low complexity domains of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 form amyloid fibrils. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2379. [PMID: 37185252 PMCID: PMC10127185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of the Nucleocapsid protein (NCAP) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for its function. Computational analysis of the amino acid sequence of NCAP reveals low-complexity domains (LCDs) akin to LCDs in other proteins known to self-assemble as phase separation droplets and amyloid fibrils. Previous reports have described NCAP's propensity to phase-separate. Here we show that the central LCD of NCAP is capable of both, phase separation and amyloid formation. Within this central LCD we identified three adhesive segments and determined the atomic structure of the fibrils formed by each. Those structures guided the design of G12, a peptide that interferes with the self-assembly of NCAP and demonstrates antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Our work, therefore, demonstrates the amyloid form of the central LCD of NCAP and suggests that amyloidogenic segments of NCAP could be targeted for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Tayeb-Fligelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bowler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christen E Tai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yi Xiao Jiang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah L Griner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lukasz Salwinski
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Liisa Lutter
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paul M Seidler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregory M Rosenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ke Hou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Romany Abskharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hope Pan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Te Zee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David R Boyer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Anderson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kevin A Murray
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Genesis Falcon
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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7
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Murray KA, Hu CJ, Pan H, Lu J, Abskharon R, Bowler JT, Rosenberg GM, Williams CK, Elezi G, Balbirnie M, Faull KF, Vinters HV, Seidler PM, Eisenberg DS. Small molecules disaggregate alpha-synuclein and prevent seeding from patient brain-derived fibrils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217835120. [PMID: 36757890 PMCID: PMC9963379 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217835120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid aggregation of alpha-synuclein within the brain is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other related synucleinopathies, including multiple system atrophy (MSA). Alpha-synuclein aggregates are a major therapeutic target for treatment of these diseases. We identify two small molecules capable of disassembling preformed alpha-synuclein fibrils. The compounds, termed CNS-11 and CNS-11g, disaggregate recombinant alpha-synuclein fibrils in vitro, prevent the intracellular seeded aggregation of alpha-synuclein fibrils, and mitigate alpha-synuclein fibril cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both compounds disassemble fibrils extracted from MSA patient brains and prevent their intracellular seeding. They also reduce in vivo alpha-synuclein aggregates in C. elegans. Both compounds also penetrate brain tissue in mice. A molecular dynamics-based computational model suggests the compounds may exert their disaggregating effects on the N terminus of the fibril core. These compounds appear to be promising therapeutic leads for targeting alpha-synuclein for the treatment of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Murray
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Carolyn J. Hu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Hope Pan
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Romany Abskharon
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jeannette T. Bowler
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Gregory M. Rosenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Christopher K. Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Gazmend Elezi
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Melinda Balbirnie
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Kym F. Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Harry V. Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - David S. Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
- HHMI, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095
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8
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Shahpasand‐Kroner H, Portillo J, Lantz C, Seidler PM, Sarafian N, Loo JA, Bitan G. Three-repeat and four-repeat tau isoforms form different oligomers. Protein Sci 2022; 31:613-627. [PMID: 34902187 PMCID: PMC8862439 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Different tauopathies are characterized by the isoform-specific composition of the aggregates found in the brain and by structurally distinct tau strains. Although tau oligomers have been implicated as important neurotoxic species, little is known about how the primary structures of the six human tau isoforms affect tau oligomerization because the oligomers are metastable and difficult to analyze. To address this knowledge gap, here, we analyzed the initial oligomers formed by the six tau isoforms in the absence of posttranslational modifications or other manipulations using dot blots probed by an oligomer-specific antibody, native-PAGE/western blots, photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins, mass-spectrometry, and ion-mobility spectroscopy. We found that under these conditions, three-repeat (3R) isoforms are more prone than four-repeat (4R) isoforms to form oligomers. We also tested whether known inhibitors of tau aggregation affect its oligomerization using three small molecules representing different classes of tau aggregation inhibitors, Methylene Blue (MB), the molecular tweezer CLR01, and the all-D peptide TLKIVW, for their ability to inhibit or modulate the oligomerization of the six tau isoforms. Unlike their reported inhibitory effect on tau fibrillation, the inhibitors had little or no effect on the initial oligomerization. Our study provides novel insight into the primary-quaternary structure relationship of human tau and suggests that 3R-tau oligomers may be an important target for future development of compounds targeting pathological tau assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Shahpasand‐Kroner
- Department of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Portillo
- Department of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern California School of PharmacyLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalie Sarafian
- Department of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Molecular Biology InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Molecular Biology InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Brain Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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9
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Murray KA, Hughes MP, Hu CJ, Sawaya MR, Salwinski L, Pan H, French SW, Seidler PM, Eisenberg DS. Identifying amyloid-related diseases by mapping mutations in low-complexity protein domains to pathologies. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:529-536. [PMID: 35637421 PMCID: PMC9205782 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins including FUS, hnRNPA2, and TDP-43 reversibly aggregate into amyloid-like fibrils through interactions of their low-complexity domains (LCDs). Mutations in LCDs can promote irreversible amyloid aggregation and disease. We introduce a computational approach to identify mutations in LCDs of disease-associated proteins predicted to increase propensity for amyloid aggregation. We identify several disease-related mutations in the intermediate filament protein keratin-8 (KRT8). Atomic structures of wild-type and mutant KRT8 segments confirm the transition to a pleated strand capable of amyloid formation. Biochemical analysis reveals KRT8 forms amyloid aggregates, and the identified mutations promote aggregation. Aggregated KRT8 is found in Mallory-Denk bodies, observed in hepatocytes of livers with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). We demonstrate that ethanol promotes KRT8 aggregation, and KRT8 amyloids co-crystallize with alcohol. Lastly, KRT8 aggregation can be seeded by liver extract from people with ASH, consistent with the amyloid nature of KRT8 aggregates and the classification of ASH as an amyloid-related condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Murray
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Michael P. Hughes
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Carolyn J. Hu
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Michael R. Sawaya
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lukasz Salwinski
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Hope Pan
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Samuel W. French
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David S. Eisenberg
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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10
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Eisenberg DS, Harran PG, El Khoury A, Seidler PM. Catalytic Synthesis of PEGylated EGCG Conjugates that Disaggregate Alzheimer’s Tau. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1509-5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe naturally occurring flavonoid (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potent disaggregant of tau fibrils. Guided by the recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of EGCG bound to fibrils of tau derived from an Alzheimer’s brain donor, methods to site-specifically modify the EGCG D-ring with aminoPEGylated linkers are reported. The resultant molecules inhibit tau fibril seeding by Alzheimer’s brain extracts. Formulations of aminoPEGylated EGCG conjugated to the (quasi)-brain-penetrant nanoparticle Ferumoxytol inhibit seeding by AD-tau with linker length affecting activity. The protecting group-free catalytic cycloaddition of amino azides to mono-propargylated EGCG described here provides a blueprint for access to stable nanoparticulate forms of EGCG potentially useful as therapeutics to eliminate Alzheimer’s-related tau tangles.
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11
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Crutcher M, Seidler PM. Maximizing Completion of the Two-Dose COVID-19 Vaccine Series with Aid from Infographics. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111229. [PMID: 34835158 PMCID: PMC8618920 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines approved in the United States require two doses to reach full efficacy, as do others available elsewhere in the world. The complete series of multidose COVID-19 vaccines offers stronger protection against infection by SARS-CoV-2 compared to single-dose injections with the same vaccines. Achieving perfect community-level adherence is a challenge in any public health campaign, even in non-pandemic times. Vaccines requiring multiple doses combined with a surge of vaccine hesitancy and misinformation that has been witnessed by the public during the COVID-19 pandemic are exacerbating the challenge of ensuring the world’s population achieves a sufficient level of immunity against COVID-19. Here, we describe the results of our study in which we sought to determine whether completion of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine regimen could be improved by disseminating infographics that explain what the vaccine is and why returning for the second dose is beneficial. Our results show that the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine recipients returning for a second inoculation grew after COVID-19 vaccine infographics were distributed to first-time vaccine recipients. We suggest that extending communication and outreach initiatives into the clinic positively influences the rate of follow-up visits, and that infographics are useful tools to aid and bolster the deployment of COVID-19 vaccines.
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12
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Tayeb-Fligelman E, Cheng X, Tai C, Bowler JT, Griner S, Sawaya MR, Seidler PM, Jiang YX, Lu J, Rosenberg GM, Salwinski L, Abskharon R, Zee CT, Hou K, Li Y, Boyer DR, Murray KA, Falcon G, Anderson DH, Cascio D, Saelices L, Damoiseaux R, Guo F, Eisenberg DS. Inhibition of amyloid formation of the Nucleoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33688654 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.05.434000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (NCAP) functions in RNA packaging during viral replication and assembly. Computational analysis of its amino acid sequence reveals a central low-complexity domain (LCD) having sequence features akin to LCDs in other proteins known to function in liquid-liquid phase separation. Here we show that in the presence of viral RNA, NCAP, and also its LCD segment alone, form amyloid-like fibrils when undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation. Within the LCD we identified three 6-residue segments that drive amyloid fibril formation. We determined atomic structures for fibrils formed by each of the three identified segments. These structures informed our design of peptide inhibitors of NCAP fibril formation and liquid-liquid phase separation, suggesting a therapeutic route for Covid-19. One Sentence Summary Atomic structures of amyloid-driving peptide segments from SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein inform the development of Covid-19 therapeutics.
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13
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Abskharon R, Seidler PM, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Yang TP, Philipp S, Williams CK, Newell KL, Ghetti B, DeTure MA, Dickson DW, Vinters HV, Felgner PL, Nakajima R, Glabe CG, Eisenberg DS. Crystal structure of a conformational antibody that binds tau oligomers and inhibits pathological seeding by extracts from donors with Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10662-10676. [PMID: 32493775 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble oligomers of aggregated tau accompany the accumulation of insoluble amyloid fibrils, a histological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) and two dozen related neurodegenerative diseases. Both oligomers and fibrils seed the spread of Tau pathology, and by virtue of their low molecular weight and relative solubility, oligomers may be particularly pernicious seeds. Here, we report the formation of in vitro tau oligomers formed by an ionic liquid (IL15). Using IL15-induced recombinant tau oligomers and a dot blot assay, we discovered a mAb (M204) that binds oligomeric tau, but not tau monomers or fibrils. M204 and an engineered single-chain variable fragment (scFv) inhibited seeding by IL15-induced tau oligomers and pathological extracts from donors with AD and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This finding suggests that M204-scFv targets pathological structures that are formed by tau in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that M204-scFv itself partitions into oligomeric forms that inhibit seeding differently, and crystal structures of the M204-scFv monomer, dimer, and trimer revealed conformational differences that explain differences among these forms in binding and inhibition. The efficiency of M204-scFv antibodies to inhibit the seeding by brain tissue extracts from different donors with tauopathies varied among individuals, indicating the possible existence of distinct amyloid polymorphs. We propose that by binding to oligomers, which are hypothesized to be the earliest seeding-competent species, M204-scFv may have potential as an early-stage diagnostic for AD and tauopathies, and also could guide the development of promising therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romany Abskharon
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul M Seidler
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tianxiao P Yang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephan Philipp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Christopher Kazu Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael A DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Shin WS, Di J, Cao Q, Li B, Seidler PM, Murray KA, Bitan G, Jiang L. Amyloid β-protein oligomers promote the uptake of tau fibril seeds potentiating intracellular tau aggregation. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:86. [PMID: 31627745 PMCID: PMC6800506 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Repeated failure of drug candidates targeting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in clinical trials likely stems from a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Recent research has highlighted synergistic interactions between aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins in AD, but the molecular details of how these interactions drive AD pathology remain elusive and speculative. Methods Here, we test the hypothesis that Aβ potentiates intracellular tau aggregation, and show that oligomeric Aβ specifically exacerbates proteopathic seeding by tau. Using tau-biosensor cells, we show that treatment with sub-toxic concentrations of Aβ oligomers, but not monomers or fibrils, “primes” cells, making them more susceptible to tau seeding. The treatment with Aβ oligomers enhances intracellular tau aggregation in a dose-dependent manner when the cells are seeded with either recombinant or brain-derived tau fibrils, whereas little or no aggregation is observed in the absence of Aβ-oligomer priming. Results Priming by Aβ oligomers appears to be specific to tau, as α-synuclein seeding is unaffected by this treatment. Aβ oligomer-enhanced tau seeding also occurs in primary mouse neurons and human neuroblastoma cells. Using fluorescently labeled tau seeds, we find that treatment with Aβ oligomers significantly enhances the cellular uptake of tau seeds, whereas a known tau-uptake inhibitor blocks the effect of Aβ on tau uptake. Conclusion The ability of Aβ to promote tau seeding suggests a specific and plausible mechanism by which extracellular Aβ initiates a deleterious cascade that is unique to AD. These data suggest that the Aβ-mediated potentiation of tau uptake into cells should also be taken into account when designing Aβ-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Shik Shin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Di
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qin Cao
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1570, USA
| | - Binsen Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paul M Seidler
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1570, USA
| | - Kevin A Murray
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1570, USA
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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15
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Seidler PM, Boyer DR, Rodriguez JA, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Murray K, Gonen T, Eisenberg DS. Structure-based inhibitors of tau aggregation. Nat Chem 2018; 10:170-176. [PMID: 29359764 PMCID: PMC5784779 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated tau protein is associated with over 20 neurological disorders, which include Alzheimer's disease. Previous work has shown that tau's sequence segments VQIINK and VQIVYK drive its aggregation, but inhibitors based on the structure of the VQIVYK segment only partially inhibit full-length tau aggregation and are ineffective at inhibiting seeding by full-length fibrils. Here we show that the VQIINK segment is the more powerful driver of tau aggregation. Two structures of this segment determined by the cryo-electron microscopy method micro-electron diffraction explain its dominant influence on tau aggregation. Of practical significance, the structures lead to the design of inhibitors that not only inhibit tau aggregation but also inhibit the ability of exogenous full-length tau fibrils to seed intracellular tau in HEK293 biosensor cells into amyloid. We also raise the possibility that the two VQIINK structures represent amyloid polymorphs of tau that may account for a subset of prion-like strains of tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Seidler
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D R Boyer
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J A Rodriguez
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M R Sawaya
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Cascio
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Murray
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T Gonen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
| | - D S Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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16
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Seidler PM, Shinsky SA, Hong F, Li Z, Cosgrove MS, Gewirth DT. Characterization of the Grp94/OS-9 chaperone-lectin complex. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3590-605. [PMID: 25193139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Grp94 is a macromolecular chaperone belonging to the hsp90 family and is the most abundant glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of mammals. In addition to its essential role in protein folding, Grp94 was proposed to participate in the ER-associated degradation quality control pathway by interacting with the lectin OS-9, a sensor for terminally misfolded proteins. To understand how OS-9 interacts with ER chaperone proteins, we mapped its interaction with Grp94. Glycosylation of the full-length Grp94 protein was essential for OS-9 binding, although deletion of the Grp94 N-terminal domain relieved this requirement suggesting that the effect was allosteric rather than direct. Although yeast OS-9 is composed of a well-established N-terminal mannose recognition homology lectin domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain, we find that the C-terminal domain of OS-9 in higher eukaryotes contains "mammalian-specific insets" that are specifically recognized by the middle and C-terminal domains of Grp94. Additionally, the Grp94 binding domain in OS-9 was found to be intrinsically disordered. The biochemical analysis of the interacting regions provides insight into the manner by which the two associate and it additionally hints at a plausible biological role for the Grp94/OS-9 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Seidler
- Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stephen A Shinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Aveenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael S Cosgrove
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Aveenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Patel PD, Yan P, Seidler PM, Patel HJ, Sun W, Yang C, Que NS, Taldone T, Finotti P, Stephani RA, Gewirth DT, Chiosis G. Paralog-selective Hsp90 inhibitors define tumor-specific regulation of HER2. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:677-84. [PMID: 23995768 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the Hsp90 chaperone family, comprised in humans of four paralogs, Hsp90α, Hsp90β, Grp94 and Trap-1, has important roles in malignancy, the contribution of each paralog to the cancer phenotype is poorly understood. This is in large part because reagents to study paralog-specific functions in cancer cells have been unavailable. Here we combine compound library screening with structural and computational analyses to identify purine-based chemical tools that are specific for Hsp90 paralogs. We show that Grp94 selectivity is due to the insertion of these compounds into a new allosteric pocket. We use these tools to demonstrate that cancer cells use individual Hsp90 paralogs to regulate a client protein in a tumor-specific manner and in response to proteome alterations. Finally, we provide new mechanistic evidence explaining why selective Grp94 inhibition is particularly efficacious in certain breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav D Patel
- 1] Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York, USA. [3]
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Kim J, Cho J, Seidler PM, Kurland NE, Yadavalli VK. Investigations of chemical modifications of amino-terminated organic films on silicon substrates and controlled protein immobilization. Langmuir 2010; 26:2599-608. [PMID: 20095550 DOI: 10.1021/la904027p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by grazing-angle attenuated total reflection (FTIR-GATR), ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy were employed to investigate chemical modifications of amino-terminated organic thin films on silicon substrates, protein immobilization, and the biological activity and hydrolytic stability of immobilized proteins. Amino-terminated organic films were prepared on silicon wafers by self-assembling 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in anhydrous toluene. Surface amino groups were derivatized into three different linkers: N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, hydrazide, and maleimide ester groups. UV-visible absorption measurements and fluorescence microscopy revealed that more than 40% of surface amino groups were chemically modified. Protein immobilization was carried out on modified APTES films containing these linkers via coupling with primary amines (-NH(2)) in intact monoclonal rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), the aldehyde (-CHO) of an oxidized carbohydrate residue in IgG, or the sulfhydryl (-SH) of fragmented half-IgG, respectively. FTIR spectra contain vibrational signatures of these functional groups present in modified APTES films and immobilized IgGs. Changes in the APTES film thickness after chemical modifications and protein immobilization were also observed by ellipsometric measurements. The biological activity and long-term hydrolytic stability of immobilized IgGs on modified APTES films were estimated by fluorescence measurements of an adsorbed antigen, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (FITC-Ab). Our results indicate that the FITC-Ab binding capacity of half-IgG immobilized via maleimide groups is greater than that of the oxidized IgG and the intact IgG immobilized via hydrazide and NHS ester groups, respectively. In addition, IgGs immobilized using all coupling chemistries were hydrolytically stable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Buffalo State, State University of New York, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA.
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