1
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Zong Z, Yang J, Yuan L, Wang X, Chen JQ, Wu J. Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Sulfonamide Bioisosteres via Energy Transfer Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:8626-8631. [PMID: 39351982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
More than 450 drugs containing a carboxylic acid functional group have been marketed worldwide. Herein, we report a concise and environmentally friendly organic photoinduced protocol for the interconversion of carboxylic acids into their bioisosteres. With this strategy, a variety of substrates, including alkyl, (hetero)aryl, and alkenyl acids, as well as various biologically relevant acids are successfully converted into primary sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lulu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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2
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Zhang X, Wei C, Zong K, Zhong Q, Yan H. Tetraasteranes as homologues of cubanes: effective scaffolds for drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:8037-8047. [PMID: 39263808 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Classical hydrocarbon scaffolds have long assisted in bringing new molecules to the market for a variety of applications, but one notable omission is that of tetraasteranes, which are homologues of cubanes belonging to a class of polycyclic hydrocarbon cage compounds. Tetraasteranes exhibit potential as scaffolds in drug discovery due to their identical cyclobutane structures and rigid conformation resembling cubanes. Based on the studies of the physical and chemical properties of tetraasteranes by density functional theory, three series of compounds were designed as homologues of cubanes by the substitution of cubane scaffolds in pharmaceuticals with tetraasteranes. Their potential for pharmaceutical applications was evaluated in silico by molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Their pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties were studied by the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) analysis. The results indicate that tetraasteranes may be scaffolds as novel bioisosteres of cubanes, as well as hydrogen bond donors or acceptors, which enhance the affinity between ligands and receptors with more stable binding behavior and feasible tolerability in ADMET. All these findings provide new opportunities for tetraasteranes to serve as effective pharmaceutical scaffolds for drug discovery and to accelerate the drug discovery process by repurposing both new and old commercial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Chaochun Wei
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Keli Zong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Qidi Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
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3
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Jeong J, Cao S, Kang HJ, Yoon H, Lee J, Shin S, Kim D, Hong S. Divergent Enantioselective Access to Diverse Chiral Compounds from Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and α,β-Unsaturated Ketones under Catalyst Control. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27830-27842. [PMID: 39348293 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Achieving structural and stereogenic diversity from the same starting materials remains a fundamental challenge in organic synthesis, requiring precise control over the selectivity. Here, we report divergent catalytic methods that selectively yield either cycloaddition or addition/elimination products from bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and α,β-unsaturated ketones. By employing chiral Lewis acid or Brønsted acid catalysts, we achieved excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity across all three distinct transformations, affording a diverse array of synthetically valuable chiral bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes and cyclobutenes. The divergent outcomes are controlled by the differential activation of the substrates by the specific chiral catalyst with the reaction conditions dictating the pathway selectivity. This strategy demonstrates the power of divergent catalysis in creating molecular complexity and diversity, offering a valuable tool for the synthesis of enantioenriched chiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Shi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Heeseong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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4
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Barlow SR, Halcovitch NR, Akien GR, Coote SC, Evans NH. Cubane-1,3-dicarboxamides as structural isosteres for isophthalamides in hydrogen bond templated interlocked molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:11532-11535. [PMID: 39310982 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the first examples of cubane containing interlocked molecules are reported. Catenanes and rotaxanes have been prepared by hydrogen bond templation with cubane-1,3-dicarboxamides replacing isophthalamide motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | | | - Geoffrey R Akien
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Susannah C Coote
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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5
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Narra SR, Ariff PNAM, Saha D, Bacho MZ, Shibata N. TBHP Promotes Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of SF 4 Alkynes with Tetrahydroisoquinolines under Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:7370-7375. [PMID: 39178338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
We present a viable approach for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of Het-SF4-alkynes with tetrahydroisoquinolines under oxidative conditions, using TBHP and copper catalysts. These newly developed conditions boast enhanced yields and a more extensive range of substrates, demonstrating tolerance to various functional groups and addressing the limitations of earlier reports. Consequently, this method should increase opportunities for the exploration of SF4-containing compounds and their potential applications in drug discovery, materials science, and as alternatives to PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Reddy Narra
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Putri Nur Arina Mohd Ariff
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Debarshi Saha
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Muhamad Zulfaqar Bacho
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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6
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Ives RA, Maturi W, Gill MT, Rankine C, McGonigal PR. A guide to bullvalene stereodynamics. Chem Sci 2024; 15:d4sc03700f. [PMID: 39220163 PMCID: PMC11358867 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we analyze the stereodynamic properties of bullvalenes using principal moments of inertia and exit vector plots to draw comparisons with commonly used ring systems in medicinal chemistry. To aid analyses, we first classify (i) the four elementary rearrangement steps available to substituted bullvalenes, which (ii) can be described by applying positional descriptors (α, β, γ, and δ) to the substituents. We also (iii) derive an intuitive equation to calculate the number of isomers for a given bullvalene system. Using DFT-modelled structures for di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted bullvalenes, generated using a newly developed computational tool (bullviso), we show that their 3D shapes and the exit vectors available from the bullvalene scaffold make them comparable to other bioisosteres currently used to replace planar aromatic ring systems in drug discovery. Unlike conventional ring systems, the shapeshifting valence isomerism of bullvalenes gives rise to numerous shapes and substituent relationships attainable as a concentration-independent dynamic covalent library from a single compound. We visualize this property by applying population weightings to the principal moments of inertia and exit vector analyses to reflect the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the available isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Ives
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - William Maturi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Matthew T Gill
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Conor Rankine
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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7
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Křížková A, Bastien G, Rončević I, Císařová I, Rybáček J, Kašička V, Kaleta J. Chlorinated Cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11100-11108. [PMID: 36724049 PMCID: PMC11334191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report radical chlorination of cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid leading preferentially to one monochlorinated cubane dicarboxylate (ca. 70%) that is accompanied by four dichlorinated derivatives (ca. 20% in total). The exact positions of the chlorine atoms have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction of the corresponding single crystals. The acidity constants of all dicarboxylic acids in water were determined by capillary electrophoresis (3.17 ± 0.04 and 4.09 ± 0.05 for monochlorinated and ca. 2.71 ± 0.05 and 3.75 ± 0.05 for dichlorinated cubanes). All chlorinated derivatives as well as the parent diacid showed high thermal stability (decomposition above 250 °C) as documented by differential scanning calorimetry. The probable reaction pathways leading to individual isomers were proposed, and the energies of individual transition states and intermediates were obtained using density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311+G(d,p)). The relative strain energies for all newly prepared derivatives as well as for hypothetical hexahalogenated (fluorinated, chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated) derivatives of cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic acids were predicted using wavefunction theory methods. The hexafluorinated derivative was identified as the most strained compound (57.5 kcal/mol), and the relative strain decreased as the size of halogen atoms increased (23.7 for hexachloro, 16.7 for hexabromo, and 4.0 kcal/mol for the hexaiodo derivative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Křížková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Rončević
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128
40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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8
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Tsien J, Hu C, Merchant RR, Qin T. Three-dimensional saturated C(sp 3)-rich bioisosteres for benzene. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:605-627. [PMID: 38982260 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Benzenes, the most ubiquitous structural moiety in marketed small-molecule drugs, are frequently associated with poor 'drug-like' properties, including metabolic instability, and poor aqueous solubility. In an effort to overcome these limitations, recent developments in medicinal chemistry have demonstrated the improved physicochemical profiles of C(sp3)-rich bioisosteric scaffolds relative to arenes. In the past two decades, we have witnessed an exponential increase in synthetic methods for accessing saturated bioisosteres of monosubstituted and para-substituted benzenes. However, until recent discoveries, analogous three-dimensional ortho-substituted and meta-substituted biososteres have remained underexplored, owing to their ring strain and increased s-character hybridization. This Review summarizes the emerging synthetic methodologies to access such saturated motifs and their impact on the application of bioisosteres for ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and multi-substituted benzene rings. It concludes with a perspective on the development of next-generation bioisosteres, including those within novel chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Trauner F, Ghazali R, Rettig J, Thiele CM, Didier D. Stereoselective polar radical crossover for the functionalization of strained-ring systems. Commun Chem 2024; 7:139. [PMID: 38898159 PMCID: PMC11187220 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical-polar crossover of organoborates is a poweful tool that enables the creation of two C-C bonds simultaneously. Small ring systems have become essential motifs in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. However, step-economic methods for their selective functionalization remains scarce. Here we present a one-pot strategy that merges a simple preparation of strained organoboron species with the recently popularized polar radical crossover of borate derivatives to stereoselectively access tri-substituted azetidines, cyclobutanes and five-membered carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Trauner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Rahma Ghazali
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Rettig
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany.
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10
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Smyrnov OK, Melnykov KP, Pashenko OY, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV. Stellane at the Forefront: Derivatization and Reactivity Studies of a Promising Saturated Bioisostere of ortho-Substituted Benzenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38804566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This work highlights stellane's cage stability and derivatization opportunities. A diverse range of building blocks were synthesized using modern synthesis protocols to demonstrate stellane's reactivity and chemical tolerance across different reaction systems, proving its promise as a bioisosteric scaffold. It can be utilized in scaffold-based molecular design and is superior in terms of topological precision compared to existing ortho isosteres, as well as monosubstituted benzene mimetics, holding the potential to become a robust platform for future medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh K Smyrnov
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Ye Pashenko
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
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11
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Diepers HE, Walker JCL. (Bio)isosteres of ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:859-890. [PMID: 38655554 PMCID: PMC11035989 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated bioisosteres of substituted benzenes offer opportunities to fine-tune the properties of drug candidates in development. Bioisosteres of para-benzenes, such as those based on bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, are now very common and can be used to increase aqueous solubility and improve metabolic stability, among other benefits. Bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-benzenes were for a long time severely underdeveloped by comparison. This has begun to change in recent years, with a number of potential systems being reported that can act as bioisosteres for these important fragments. In this review, we will discuss these recent developments, summarizing the synthetic approaches to the different bioisosteres as well as the impact they have on the physiochemical and biological properties of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Erik Diepers
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes C L Walker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Pattison G. Assessing the rigidity of cubanes and bicyclo(1.1.1)pentanes as benzene bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117652. [PMID: 38442523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic rings are critical core substructures in the majority of pharmaceutical compounds. There is much recent interest in replacing aromatic structures with saturated bioisosteres of benzene, which are generally fused or bridged ring systems. These bioisosteres often show improved solubility properties compared to benzene, and may also undergo fewer unwanted metabolic processes. One key reason why aromatic rings have proven so successful in drug design is their rigidity. This paper uses molecular dynamics simulations supported by crystallographic data to assess the rigidity of bicyclopentane and cubane ring systems as two of the most common benzene bioisosteres and compares this to benzene. Whilst a benzene ring is shown to be more flexible than these two bioisosteres in terms of its dihedral ring flexibility, substituents around the ring tend to behave in a much more similar way in both benzene and the bioisosteric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pattison
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, UK LN6 7DL.
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13
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Narra SR, Bacho MZ, Hattori M, Shibata N. Expanding the Frontier of Linear Drug Design: Cu-Catalyzed C sp -C sp 3 -Coupling of Electron-Deficient SF 4 -Alkynes with Alkyl Iodides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306554. [PMID: 38161224 PMCID: PMC10953538 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the attractive properties of tetrafluorosulfanyl (SF4 ) compounds in drug discovery, medicinal research on SF4 molecules is hindered by the scarcity of suitable synthetic methodologies. Drawing inspiration from the well-established Sonogashira cross-coupling of terminal alkynes under Pd-catalysis, it is envisioned that SF4 -alkynes can serve as effective coupling partners. To overcome the challenges associated with the electron-deficient nature of SF4 -alkynes and the lability of the SF4 unit under transition-metal catalysis, an aryl radical mediated Csp -Csp 3 cross-coupling reaction is successfully developed under Cu catalysis. This methodology facilitates the coupling of SF4 -alkynes with alkyl iodides, leading to the immediate synthesis of SF4 -attached drug-like molecules. These findings highlight the potential impact of SF4 -containing molecules in the drug industry, paving the way for further research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Reddy Narra
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
| | - Muhamad Zulfaqar Bacho
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
| | - Masashi Hattori
- Department of Life Science and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
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14
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Prysiazhniuk K, Datsenko OP, Polishchuk O, Shulha S, Shablykin O, Nikandrova Y, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Borysko P, Shepilov D, Pishel I, Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Spiro[3.3]heptane as a Saturated Benzene Bioisostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316557. [PMID: 38251921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The spiro[3.3]heptane core, with the non-coplanar exit vectors, was shown to be a saturated benzene bioisostere. This scaffold was incorporated into the anticancer drug sonidegib (instead of the meta-benzene), the anticancer drug vorinostat (instead of the phenyl ring), and the anesthetic drug benzocaine (instead of the para-benzene). The patent-free saturated analogs obtained showed a high potency in the corresponding biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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15
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Yadav AK, Ariff PNAM, Kawai K, Ochiai S, Narra SR, Shibata N. Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of SF 4-Alkyne with Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Org Lett 2024; 26:1442-1446. [PMID: 38319986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a dual-catalytic method for cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) between tetrahydroisoquinolines and Py-SF4-alkyne using visible-light photoredox catalysis. This protocol enables selective C(sp3)-H alkynylation, expanding the synthetic toolkit for SF4-based molecules. Demonstrating efficiency and substrate versatility, this approach opens new avenues in hexacoordinated tetrafluorinated sulfur chemistry and CDC strategies and holds significant promise for drug discovery and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Yadav
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Baba Raghav Das Post Graduate College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh 274001, India
| | - Putri Nur Arina Mohd Ariff
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Koki Kawai
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Seishu Ochiai
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Srikanth Reddy Narra
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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16
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Hosaka M, Nagasawa S, Iwabuchi Y. C-H Alkylation of Cubanes via Catalytic Generation of Cubyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024; 26:658-663. [PMID: 38236029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A catalytic method for the C-H alkylation of cubanes is described. Some hydrogen atom transfer catalysts enable the direct abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the C-H bond of cubanes, followed by conjugate addition of the generated cubyl radicals to electron-deficient alkenes. Synthetic applications of the functionalization method developed are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hosaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shota Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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17
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Marshall DL, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Van Meurs DP, Kong D, Bernhardt PV, Blanksby SJ, Savage GP, Eaton PE, Williams CM. 9-Azahomocubane. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303133. [PMID: 37823679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Homocubane, a highly strained cage hydrocarbon, contains two very different positions for the introduction of a nitrogen atom into the skeleton, e. g., a position 1 exchange results in a tertiary amine whereas position 9 yields a secondary amine. Herein reported is the synthesis of 9-azahomocubane along with associated structural characterization, physical property analysis and chemical reactivity. Not only is 9-azahomocubane readily synthesized, and found to be stable as predicted, the basicity of the secondary amine was observed to be significantly lower than the structurally related azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, although similar to 1-azahomocubane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek P Van Meurs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Dehui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip E Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Niogret G, Bouvier-Müller A, Figazzolo C, Joyce JM, Bonhomme F, England P, Mayboroda O, Pellarin R, Gasser G, Tucker JHR, Tanner JA, Savage GP, Hollenstein M. Interrogating Aptamer Chemical Space Through Modified Nucleotide Substitution Facilitated by Enzymatic DNA Synthesis. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300539. [PMID: 37837257 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modification of aptamers is an important step to improve their performance and stability in biological media. This can be performed either during their identification (mod-SELEX) or after the in vitro selection process (post-SELEX). In order to reduce the complexity and workload of the post-SELEX modification of aptamers, we have evaluated the possibility of improving a previously reported, chemically modified aptamer by combining enzymatic synthesis and nucleotides bearing bioisosteres of the parent cubane side-chains or substituted cubane moieties. This method lowers the synthetic burden often associated with post-SELEX approaches and allowed to identify one additional sequence that maintains binding to the PvLDH target protein, albeit with reduced specificity. In addition, while bioisosteres often improve the potency of small molecule drugs, this does not extend to chemically modified aptamers. Overall, this versatile method can be applied for the post-SELEX modification of other aptamers and functional nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Niogret
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alix Bouvier-Müller
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Chiara Figazzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jack M Joyce
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Frédéric Bonhomme
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Unité de Chimie Biologique Epigénétique UMR CNRS 3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, CEDEX 15, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Patrick England
- Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Olena Mayboroda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Pellarin
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005, Paris, France
| | - James H R Tucker
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
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19
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Makovetska Y, Shablykin O, Lesyk D, Al-Maali G, Korzh R, Sadkova IV, Mykhailiuk PK. 1,2-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of ortho-substituted benzene. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14092-14099. [PMID: 38098705 PMCID: PMC10718076 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been synthesized, characterized, and biologically validated as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted benzene ring. The incorporation of the 1,2-disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane core into the structure of fungicides boscalid (BASF), bixafen (Bayer CS), and fluxapyroxad (BASF) gave saturated patent-free analogs with high antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Denisenko
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Pavel Garbuz
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Lesyk
- Bienta Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Galeb Al-Maali
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
- Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Rodion Korzh
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Iryna V Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
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20
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Al Noman MA, Cuellar RAD, Kyzer JL, Chung SSW, Cheryala N, Holth TAD, Maitra S, Naqvi T, Wong HL, Schönbrunn E, Hawkinson JE, Wolgemuth DJ, Georg GI. Strategies for developing retinoic acid receptor alpha-selective antagonists as novel agents for male contraception. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115821. [PMID: 37776573 PMCID: PMC10841505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Reported here are the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a series of 26 retinoic acid analogs based on dihydronaphthalene and chromene scaffolds using a transactivation assay. Chromene amide analog 21 was the most potent and selective retinoic acid receptor α antagonist identified from this series. In vitro evaluation indicated that 21 has favorable physicochemical properties and a favorable pharmacokinetic PK profile in vivo with significant oral bioavailability, metabolic stability, and testes exposure. Compound 21 was evaluated for its effects on spermatogenesis and disruption of fertility in a mouse model. Oral administration of compound 21 at low doses showed reproducibly characteristic albeit modest effects on spermatogenesis, but no effects on fertility were observed in mating studies. The inhibition of spermatogenesis could not be enhanced by raising the dose and lengthening the duration of dosing. Thus, 21 may not be a good candidate to pursue further for effects on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Noman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Rebecca A D Cuellar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Jillian L Kyzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | | | - Narsihmulu Cheryala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Trinh A D Holth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Soma Maitra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Tahmina Naqvi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Henry L Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jon E Hawkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Debra J Wolgemuth
- Department of Genetics and Development, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, USA; The Institute of Human Nutrition, USA; The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
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21
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Meanwell NA. Applications of Bioisosteres in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18087-18122. [PMID: 36961953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of bioisosteres represents a creative and productive approach to improve a molecule, including by enhancing potency, addressing pharmacokinetic challenges, reducing off-target liabilities, and productively modulating physicochemical properties. Bioisosterism is a principle exploited in the design of bioactive compounds of interest to both medicinal and agricultural chemists, and in this review, we provide a synopsis of applications where this kind of molecular editing has proved to be advantageous in molecule optimization. The examples selected for discussion focus on bioisosteres of carboxylic acids, applications of fluorine and fluorinated motifs in compound design, some applications of the sulfoximine functionality, the design of bioisosteres of drug-H2O complexes, and the design of bioisosteres of the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Rd, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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22
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Tang L, Xiao Y, Wu F, Zhou JL, Xu TT, Feng JJ. Silver-Catalyzed Dearomative [2π+2σ] Cycloadditions of Indoles with Bicyclobutanes: Access to Indoline Fused Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310066. [PMID: 37822277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are becoming ever more important in drug design and development as bridged scaffolds that provide underexplored chemical space, but are difficult to access. Here a silver-catalyzed dearomative [2π+2σ] cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of indoline fused BCHs from N-unprotected indoles and bicyclobutane precursors is described. The strain-release dearomative cycloaddition operates under mild conditions, tolerating a wide range of functional groups. It is capable of forming BCHs with up to four contiguous quaternary carbon centers, achieving yields of up to 99 %. In addition, a scale-up experiment and the synthetic transformations of the cycloadducts further highlighted the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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23
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Donnier-Valentin L, Kassamba S, Legros J, Fressigné C, Vuluga D, Brown RCD, Linclau B, De Paolis M. Photoinduced Formation of Cubyl Aryl Thioethers and Synthesis of Monocubyl Analogue of Dapsone. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37991751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Disubstituted cubyl aryl thioethers were generated from the corresponding iodocubanes and aryl thiolates upon UV irradiation in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. This simple procedure was found to be compatible with a variety of substituted aryl thiolates. This finding paved the way to a synthesis of the monocubyl analogue of dapsone, a key molecule in the treatment of leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, and of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seydou Kassamba
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, COBRA, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, COBRA, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Daniela Vuluga
- INSA Rouen, PBS, UMR 6270, CNRS, 76801 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Richard C D Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- Department of Organic and Molecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michaël De Paolis
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, COBRA, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
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24
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Yan H, Liu Y, Feng X, Shi L. Hantzsch Esters Enabled [2π+2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclo [1.1.0] butanes and Alkenes under Photo Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:8116-8120. [PMID: 37939017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hantzsch esters (HEs) are widely recognized as sources of hydride ions (H-) and sacrificial electron donors in their ground state. Here, we report the application of HE as a mediator in [2π+2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with alkenes under photo conditions. Through this strategy, various substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes can be efficiently prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaipu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | | | - Xiao Feng
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007 Xinxiang, China
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25
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Wang D, Lyu X, Sun M, Liang Y. Spectral Analysis on Cuba-Lumacaftor: Cubane as Benzene Bioisosteres of Lumacaftor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43332-43340. [PMID: 38024720 PMCID: PMC10652726 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically investigate the electronic structure and physical properties of cuba-lumacaftor, cubane as benzene bioisosteres of lumacaftor, stimulated by recent experimental reports [Wiesenfeldt M. P.; Nature2023, 618, 513-518]. The permanent electric dipole moments of cuba-lumacaftor in neutral, acidic, and alkaline environments are significantly enlarged than that of lumacaftor, significantly promoting the interaction between cuba-lumacaftor and surrounding polar solvent environments and resulting in pH-independent high solubility and pharmacological activity. Furthermore, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra reveal that the chirality of cuba-lumacaftor is much decreased compared to that of lumacaftor. Raman spectra and resonance Raman spectra combined with polarizability also reveal the vibrational information on cuba-lumacaftor. Our results promote a deeper understanding of better pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department
of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121004, China
| | - Xiaohong Lyu
- Department
of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121004, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongqiang Liang
- Department
of Central Sterile Supply, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121004, China
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26
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Wang H, Erchinger JE, Lenz M, Dutta S, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. syn-Selective Difunctionalization of Bicyclobutanes Enabled by Photoredox-Mediated C-S σ-Bond Scission. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23771-23780. [PMID: 37852210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of cyclic frameworks in molecular scaffolds and drug discovery, it is intriguing to precisely forge and manipulate ring systems in synthetic chemistry. In this field, the intermolecular synthesis of densely substituted cyclobutanes with precise diastereocontrol under simple reaction conditions remains a challenge. Herein, a photoredox strategy for the difunctionalization of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) under high regio- and syn-selectivity is disclosed. C-S σ-bond cleavage of partially unsaturated sulfur-containing bifunctional reagents in an overall strain-release-driven process enables the thio-alkynylation, -alkenylation, and -allylation of BCBs under mild conditions and demonstrates the generality of this protocol. Mechanistic studies suggest that the intermediacy of cyclic distonic radical cations might be key for the efficient scission of C-S σ-bonds and the origin of diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Madina Lenz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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27
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Levterov VV, Panasiuk Y, Sahun K, Stashkevych O, Badlo V, Shablykin O, Sadkova I, Bortnichuk L, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Holota Y, Lachmann L, Borysko P, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Bas Y, Dudenko D, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a new bioisostere of the phenyl ring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5608. [PMID: 37783681 PMCID: PMC10545790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. Here, we show the design, synthesis, and validation of its new saturated bioisostere with improved physicochemical properties - 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The design of the structure is based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the previously used bioisosteres: bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and cubane. The key synthesis step is the iodocyclization of cyclohexane-containing alkenyl alcohols with molecular iodine in acetonitrile. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core is incorporated into the structure of Imatinib and Vorinostat (SAHA) drugs instead of the phenyl ring. In Imatinib, such replacement leads to improvement of physicochemical properties: increased water solubility, enhanced metabolic stability, and reduced lipophilicity. In Vorinostat, such replacement results in a new bioactive analog of the drug. This study enhances the repertoire of available saturated bioisosteres of (hetero)aromatic rings for the use in drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kateryna Sahun
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Valentyn Badlo
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar IBOPC of the NASciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lina Bortnichuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliia Holota
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Petro Borysko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Bodenchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Bas
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Dudenko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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28
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Reinhold M, Steinebach J, Golz C, Walker JCL. Synthesis of polysubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes enabling access to new chemical space. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9885-9891. [PMID: 37736652 PMCID: PMC10510755 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated bridged-bicyclic compounds are currently under intense investigation as building blocks for pharmaceutical drug design. However, the most common methods for their preparation only provide access to bridgehead-substituted structures. The synthesis of bridge-functionalised species is highly challenging but would open up many new opportunities for molecular design. We describe a photocatalytic cycloaddition reaction that provides unified access to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes with 11 distinct substitution patterns. Bridge-substituted structures that represent ortho-, meta-, and polysubstituted benzene bioisosteres, as well as those that enable the investigation of chemical space inaccessible to aromatic motifs can all be prepared using this operationally simple protocol. Proof-of-concept examples of the application of the method to the synthesis of saturated analogues of biorelevant trisubstituted benzenes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Reinhold
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Justin Steinebach
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Johannes C L Walker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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29
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Bartonek A, Klapötke TM, Krumm B. Sensitive 1,4-Disubstituted Nitro-Containing Cubanes: Structures and Properties. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12884-12890. [PMID: 37616479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The cubane cage system is characteristic and well known for its high strain energy, qualifying it as a promising precursor for energetic materials. 1,4-Disubstituted cubanes are the easiest accessible derivatives. A further developed laboratory-scale procedure for cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester is presented. From this central precursor, the bis-trinitroethyl and bis-nitromethyl esters as well as the bis-methylcarbamate and bis-methylnitrocarbamate were synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In addition, their physical and energetic properties were determined and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bartonek
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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30
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Kong D, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Bernhardt PV, Savage GP, Williams CM. seco-1-Azacubane-2-carboxylic acid-Amide Bond Comparison to Proline. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12867-12871. [PMID: 37647582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
seco-1-Azacubane-2-carboxylic acid, an unusual and sterically constrained amino acid, was found to undergo amide bond formation at both the N- and C-termini using proline based bioactive molecule templates as a concept platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dehui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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31
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. About Perfluoropolyhedranes, Their Electron-Accepting Ability and Questionable Supramolecular Hosting Capacity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302942. [PMID: 37208990 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyhedral molecules are appealing for their eye-catching architecture and distinctive chemistry. Perfluorination of such, often greatly strained, compounds is a momentous challenge. It drastically changes the electron distribution, structure and properties. Notably, small high-symmetry perfluoropolyhedranes feature a centrally located, star-shaped low-energy unoccupied molecular orbital that can host an extra electron within the polyhedral frame, thus producing a radical anion, without loss of symmetry. This predicted electron-hosting capacity was definitively established for perfluorocubane, the first perfluorinated Platonic polyhedrane to be isolated pure. Hosting atoms, molecules, or ions in such "cage" structures is, however, all but forthright, if not illusionary, offering no easy access to supramolecular constructs. While adamantane and cubane have fostered numerous applications in materials science, medicine, and biology, specific uses for their perfluorinated counterparts remain to be established. Some aspects of highly fluorinated carbon allotropes, such as fullerenes and graphite, are briefly mentioned for context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess., 67034, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jean G Riess
- Harangoutte Institute, 68160, Ste-Croix-aux-Mines, France
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32
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Smith E, Jones KD, O'Brien L, Argent SP, Salome C, Lefebvre Q, Valery A, Böcü M, Newton GN, Lam HW. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cuneanes from Cubanes and their Investigation as Isosteres. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37478562 PMCID: PMC10401713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Bridged or caged polycyclic hydrocarbons have rigid structures that project substituents into precise regions of 3D space, making them attractive as linking groups in materials science and as building blocks for medicinal chemistry. The efficient synthesis of new or underexplored classes of such compounds is, therefore, an important objective. Herein, we describe the silver(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of 1,4-disubstituted cubanes to cuneanes, which are strained hydrocarbons that have not received much attention since they were first described in 1970. The synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted or 1,3-disubstituted cuneanes can be achieved with high regioselectivities, with the regioselectivity being dependent on the electronic character of the cubane substituents. A preliminary assessment of cuneanes as scaffolds for medicinal chemistry suggests cuneanes could serve as isosteric replacements of trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes and 1,3-disubstituted benzenes. An analogue of the anticancer drug sonidegib was synthesized, in which the 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene was replaced with a 1,3-disubstituted cuneane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Smith
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran D Jones
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mina Böcü
- SpiroChem AG, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham N Newton
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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33
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Elgindy C, Levin MD. A focus on 1-azahomocubane: the new kid on the block. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7608-7610. [PMID: 37476719 PMCID: PMC10355093 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc90114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Strained hydrocarbons have recently regained interest as potential drug candidates. However, the study of their heteroatom analogs has remained limited, despite differing by only a single atom. The first synthesis of 1-azahomocubane by Williams, Eaton and co-workers (T. Fahrenhorst-Jones et al., Chem. Sci., 2023, 14, 2821-2825, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC00001J) is discussed within the context of nitrogen scanning of strained hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Elgindy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
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34
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Wiesenfeldt MP, Rossi-Ashton JA, Perry IB, Diesel J, Garry OL, Bartels F, Coote SC, Ma X, Yeung CS, Bennett DJ, MacMillan DWC. General access to cubanes as benzene bioisosteres. Nature 2023; 618:513-518. [PMID: 37015289 PMCID: PMC10680098 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of benzene rings with sp3-hybridized bioisosteres in drug candidates generally improves pharmacokinetic properties while retaining biological activity1-5. Rigid, strained frameworks such as bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane and cubane are particularly well suited as the ring strain imparts high bond strength and thus metabolic stability on their C-H bonds. Cubane is the ideal bioisostere as it provides the closest geometric match to benzene6,7. At present, however, all cubanes in drug design, like almost all benzene bioisosteres, act solely as substitutes for mono- or para-substituted benzene rings1-7. This is owing to the difficulty of accessing 1,3- and 1,2-disubstituted cubane precursors. The adoption of cubane in drug design has been further hindered by the poor compatibility of cross-coupling reactions with the cubane scaffold, owing to a competing metal-catalysed valence isomerization8-11. Here we report expedient routes to 1,3- and 1,2-disubstituted cubane building blocks using a convenient cyclobutadiene precursor and a photolytic C-H carboxylation reaction, respectively. Moreover, we leverage the slow oxidative addition and rapid reductive elimination of copper to develop C-N, C-C(sp3), C-C(sp2) and C-CF3 cross-coupling protocols12,13. Our research enables facile elaboration of all cubane isomers into drug candidates, thus enabling ideal bioisosteric replacement of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian B Perry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Johannes Diesel
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia L Garry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Florian Bartels
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Bennett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Levitre G, Keess S, Molander GA. Photoinduced Diastereoselective Aminoalkylation of Cubanes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37216214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of rigid, nonconjugated hydrocarbons provide many opportunities to design molecular building blocks for a variety of applications, but the development of suitable conditions for alkylation of cubanes is quite challenging. Herein, a photoinduced method for aminoalkylation of cubanes is reported. The benign conditions reported allow the incorporation of a wide variety of (hetero)arylimine reaction partners with broad functional group tolerance and high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Levitre
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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36
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Kotha S, Khedkar P. Synthesis and Reactions of Heptacyclo[6.6.0.0
2,6
.0
3,13
.0
4,11
.0
5,9
.0
10,14
] tetradecane‐ HCTD Cage Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Mumbai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Priti Khedkar
- Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts Science & Commerce, Matunga Mumbai 400 019 India
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37
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Agasti S, Beltran F, Pye E, Kaltsoyannis N, Crisenza GEM, Procter DJ. A catalytic alkene insertion approach to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane bioisosteres. Nat Chem 2023; 15:535-541. [PMID: 36781910 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
C(sp3)-rich bicyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds, as exemplified by bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, play an increasingly high-profile role as saturated bioisosteres of benzenoids in medicinal chemistry and crop science. Substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are emerging bicyclic hydrocarbon bioisosteres for ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes, but are difficult to access. Therefore, a general synthetic route to BCHs is needed if their potential as bioisosteres is to be realized. Here we describe a broadly applicable catalytic approach that delivers substituted BCHs by intermolecular coupling between olefins and bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl (BCB) ketones. The SmI2-catalysed process works for a wide range of electron-deficient alkenes and substituted BCB ketones, operates with SmI2 loadings as low as 5 mol% and is underpinned by a radical relay mechanism that is supported by density functional theory calculations. The product BCH ketones have been shown to be versatile synthetic intermediates through selective downstream manipulation and the expedient synthesis of a saturated hydrocarbon analogue of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial, phthalylsulfathiazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Agasti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frédéric Beltran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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38
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Vujcic B, Wyllie J, Tania, Burns J, White KF, Cromwell S, Lupton DW, Dutton JL, Soares da Costa TP, Houston SD. Cage hydrocarbons as linkers in dimeric drug design: Case studies with trimethoprim and tedizolid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129086. [PMID: 36423825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The looming threat of a "post-antibiotic era" has been caused by a rapid rise in antibacterial resistance and subsequent depletion of effective antibiotic agents in the clinic. An efficient strategy to address this shortfall lies in the reengineering of pre-existing and commercially available antibiotic drugs. This is exemplified by dimerization, a design concept in which two pharmacophores are covalently linked to form a new chemical entity. The cage hydrocarbons cubane (1), bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO) (2), adamantane (3), and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) (4) present themselves as an attractive family of linkers in this regard. In this report, all four hydrocarbon cages were employed as linkers in a series of dimers based on the commercially available antibiotics trimethoprim and tedizolid. A detailed synthetic roadmap for the protection and deprotection of each pharmacophore is outlined. Several members of the trimethoprim series showed activity on par with that of their trimethoprim progenitor, although this was not the case for the tedizolid series. The design strategy outlined herein highlights the utility of the group as a platform for the rapid and modular construction of future novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Vujcic
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jessica Wyllie
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5063, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jed Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith F White
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Simon Cromwell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Tatiana P Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5063, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sevan D Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Almac Sciences Ltd, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom.
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39
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Advances in nonclassical phenyl bioisosteres for drug structural optimization. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1681-1692. [PMID: 36317661 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenyl group is the most prevalent ring system and plays an essential role as a pharmacophore or scaffold in marketed drugs. However, the indiscriminate employment of phenyl is also a major cause of poor physicochemical properties of active molecules. Nonclassical phenyl bioisosteres (NPBs) have emerged as effective replacements for phenyl in structural optimization due to their unique steric structures and physicochemical properties. Herein, the effects of widely reported NPBs on physicochemical properties and biological activities, including bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP), bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCH), bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO), cubane (CUB) and closo-carboborane, are reviewed. Issues that require consideration while using NPBs and practical solutions to problems frequently encountered in structural optimization using NPBs are also discussed.
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40
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Meanwell NA, Loiseleur O. Applications of Isosteres of Piperazine in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds: Part 2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10972-11004. [PMID: 35675052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Applications of piperazine and homopiperazine in drug design are well-established, and these heterocycles have found use as both scaffolding and terminal elements and also as a means of introducing a water-solubilizing element into a molecule. In the accompanying review (10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00726), we summarized applications of piperazine and homopiperazine and their fused ring homologues in bioactive compound design along with illustrations of the use of 4-substituted piperidines and a sulfoximine-based mimetic. In this review, we discuss applications of pyrrolidine- and fused-pyrrolidine-based mimetics of piperazine and homopiperazine and illustrate derivatives of azetidine that include stretched and spirocyclic motifs, along with applications of a series of diaminocycloalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, Post Office Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Olivier Loiseleur
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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41
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Majhi J, Dhungana RK, Rentería-Gómez Á, Sharique M, Li L, Dong W, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Metal-Free Photochemical Imino-Alkylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Oxime Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15871-15878. [PMID: 35984388 PMCID: PMC10245625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concurrent installation of C-C and C-N bonds across alkene frameworks represents a powerful tool to prepare motifs that are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. To construct such prevalent bonds, most alkene difunctionalization methods demand the use of precious metals or activated alkenes. We report a metal-free, photochemically mediated imino-alkylation of electronically diverse alkenes to install both alkyl and iminyl groups in a highly efficient manner. The exceptionally mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and facile one-pot reaction protocol highlight the utility of this method to prepare privileged motifs from readily available alkene and acid feedstocks. One key and striking feature of this transformation is that an electrophilic trifluoromethyl radical is equally efficient with both electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes. Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) and empirical investigations provide detailed mechanistic insight into this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Weizhe Dong
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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42
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Abstract
Perfluorination gives cubane the capacity to host an extra electron in its inner structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean G Riess
- Harangoutte Institute, 68160 Ste-Croix-aux-Mines, France
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43
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Jana S, Hoogenboom R. Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: A comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties – An update. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somdeb Jana
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281‐S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281‐S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
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44
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Malins LR, Lin Y. Synthesis of Peptide N-Acylpyrroles via Anodically Generated N,O-Acetals. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn electrochemical approach to peptide C-terminal N-acylpyrroles is described from readily accessible C-terminal hydroxyproline-containing peptides, prepared via standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (Fmoc-SPPS). Following electrochemical decarboxylation, the reactive hydroxyproline-derived N,O-acetal intermediate is aromatized under mild acidic conditions, which enable concomitant deprotection of amino acid side-chain protecting groups. The resulting peptide N-acylpyrrole is amenable to late-stage peptide modifications, including reduction with NaBH4 to deliver a valuable C-terminal peptide aldehyde motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University
| | - Yutong Lin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University
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45
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Maruno K, Hada K, Sumii Y, Nagata O, Shibata N. Synthesis of Pyridine-SF 4-Isoxazolines Using the Functionality of trans-Tetrafluoro-λ 6-sulfanyl Rodlike Linkers. Org Lett 2022; 24:3755-3759. [PMID: 35475347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl (SF4) moiety has been relatively undeveloped since its discovery in the 1970s. In this study, we synthesized pyridine-SF4-isoxazolines, in which the two heterocycles are connected by a rodlike trans-SF4 linker, via the regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyridine-SF4-alkynes and nitrones in the presence of triethylamine. SF4 linkers are a viable alternative to para-substituted benzenes, alkynes, and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl derivatives in drug design, and pyridine-SF4-isoxazolines have potential applications in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Maruno
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hada
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagata
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ube Industries, Ltd., Seavans North Bldg., 1-2-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8449, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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46
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Iwaki K, Tanagawa K, Mori S, Maruno K, Sumii Y, Nagata O, Shibata N. Regioselective Synthesis of Pyridine-SF 4-Methyl Ketones via Hydration of Pyridine-SF 4-Alkynes. Org Lett 2022; 24:3347-3352. [PMID: 35466677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the metal-free hydration of pyridine-SF4-alkynes, under acidic conditions and with reaction durations ranging from 5 min to 10 h at room temperature, to synthesize pyridine-SF4-methyl ketones in yields of 59-93%. Further, we demonstrate the synthetic applications of the synthesized pyridine-SF4-methyl ketones, such as chlorination, NaBH4 reduction, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and the generation of enol-triflates. These compounds hold promise as useful building blocks in the syntheses of a wide range of SF4-containing drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Iwaki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Mori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Koki Maruno
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagata
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ube Industries, Ltd., Seavans North Building, 1-2-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8449, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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47
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Chan KY, Kinghorn AB, Hollenstein M, Tanner JA. Chemical modifications for a next generation of nucleic acid aptamers. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200006. [PMID: 35416400 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, in vitro systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) has yielded many aptamers for translational applications in both research and clinical settings. Despite their promise as an alternative to antibodies, the low success rate of SELEX (~ 30%) has been a major bottleneck that hampers the further development of aptamers. One hurdle is the lack of chemical diversity in nucleic acids. To address this, the aptamer chemical repertoire has been extended by introducing exotic chemical groups, which provide novel binding functionalities. This review will focus on how modified aptamers can be selected and evolved, with illustration of some successful examples. In particular, unique chemistries are exemplified. Various strategies of incorporating modified building blocks into the standard SELEX protocol are highlighted, with a comparison of the differences between pre-SELEX and post-SELEX modifications. Nucleic acid aptamers with extended functionality evolved from non-natural chemistries will open up new vistas for function and application of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwing Yeung Chan
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, HONG KONG
| | | | | | - Julian Alexander Tanner
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, 3/F Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, 000000, Pokfulam, HONG KONG
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48
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Bernhardt PV, Savage GP, Williams CM. The (±)-6-Aza[1.0]triblattane Skeleton: Contraction beyond the Wilder-Culberson Ring System. Org Lett 2022; 24:903-906. [PMID: 35043631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the 6-aza[1.0]triblattane skeleton and the unexpected construction of the 7-azatetracyclo[4.2.1.02,5.03,7]nonane framework are reported, as inspired by the Wilder-Culberson 1-aza[1.1]triblattane ring system. The key steps to assess the 6-aza[1.0]triblattane include accessing the 1,6-cycloaddition product from reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate with cyclohept-1,3,5-triene followed by intramolecular electrocyclization and aminium radical cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- Ian Wark Laboratory, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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49
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Recent trends and tactics in facile functionalization of neutral icosahedral carboranes (C2B10H12) and nido-carborane (7,8-C2B9H12−). ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Shi M. Rapid Construction of Polysubstituted “Caged” Oxa-Bishomocubane Framework from Vinylidenecyclopropanes through a Sequential Dual Catalysis of Copper(I) and Visible-Light-Induced Photosensitization. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00508e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This context describes a sequential dual catalytic transformation involving copper(I)-catalyzed cyclization/isomerization/migration-dimerization and visible-light photo-induced intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of vinylidenecyclopropanes for the rapid construction of polysubstituted “caged” oxa-bishomocubane products. The reaction...
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