1
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Vashchenko OV, Berest VP, Sviechnikova LV, Kutsevol NV, Kasian NA, Sofronov DS, Skorokhod O. Modifying Membranotropic Action of Antimicrobial Peptide Gramicidin S by Star-like Polyacrylamide and Lipid Composition of Nanocontainers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8691. [PMID: 39201384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin S (GS), one of the first discovered antimicrobial peptides, still shows strong antibiotic activity after decades of clinical use, with no evidence of resistance. The relatively high hemolytic activity and narrow therapeutic window of GS limit its use in topical applications. Encapsulation and targeted delivery may be the way to develop the internal administration of this drug. The lipid composition of membranes and non-covalent interactions affect GS's affinity for and partitioning into lipid bilayers as monomers or oligomers, which are crucial for GS activity. Using both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR methods, the impact of GS on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membranes was tested. Additionally, the combined effect of GS and cholesterol on membrane characteristics was observed; while dipalmitoylphosphatydylglycerol (DPPG) and cerebrosides did not affect GS binding to DPPC membranes, cholesterol significantly altered the membrane, with 30% mol concentration being most effective in enhancing GS binding. The effect of star-like dextran-polyacrylamide D-g-PAA(PE) on GS binding to the membrane was tested, revealing that it interacted with GS in the membrane and significantly increased the proportion of GS oligomers. Instead, calcium ions affected GS binding to the membrane differently, with independent binding of calcium and GS and no interaction between them. This study shows how GS interactions with lipid membranes can be effectively modulated, potentially leading to new formulations for internal GS administration. Modified liposomes or polymer nanocarriers for targeted GS delivery could be used to treat protein misfolding disorders and inflammatory conditions associated with free-radical processes in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Vashchenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials of NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61172 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P Berest
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biophysics, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliia V Sviechnikova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials of NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61172 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya V Kutsevol
- Research Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska St., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia A Kasian
- Institute for Scintillation Materials of NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61172 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry S Sofronov
- State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" of NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Skorokhod
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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2
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Kubyshkin V, Rubini M. Proline Analogues. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8130-8232. [PMID: 38941181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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3
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Pham TL, Thomas F. Design of Functional Globular β-Sheet Miniproteins. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300745. [PMID: 38275210 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The design of discrete β-sheet peptides is far less advanced than e. g. the design of α-helical peptides. The reputation of β-sheet peptides as being poorly soluble and aggregation-prone often hinders active design efforts. Here, we show that this reputation is unfounded. We demonstrate this by looking at the β-hairpin and WW domain. Their structure and folding have been extensively studied and they have long served as model systems to investigate protein folding and folding kinetics. The resulting fundamental understanding has led to the development of hyperstable β-sheet scaffolds that fold at temperatures of 100 °C or high concentrations of denaturants. These have been used to design functional miniproteins with protein or nucleic acid binding properties, in some cases with such success that medical applications are conceivable. The β-sheet scaffolds are not always completely rigid, but can be specifically designed to respond to changes in pH, redox potential or presence of metal ions. Some engineered β-sheet peptides also exhibit catalytic properties, although not comparable to those of natural proteins. Previous reviews have focused on the design of stably folded and non-aggregating β-sheet sequences. In our review, we now also address design strategies to obtain functional miniproteins from β-sheet folding motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Lam Pham
- Truc Lam Pham, Prof. Dr. Franziska Thomas, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Thomas
- Truc Lam Pham, Prof. Dr. Franziska Thomas, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Lal J, Kaul G, Akhir A, Saxena D, Dubkara H, Shekhar S, Chopra S, Reddy DN. β-Turn editing in Gramicidin S: Activity impact on replacing proline α-carbon with stereodynamic nitrogen. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106641. [PMID: 37300963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gramicidin S, natural antimicrobial peptide is used commercially in medicinal lozenges for sore throat and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, its clinical potential is limited to topical applications because of its high red blood cells (RBC) cytotoxicity. Given the importance of developing potential antibiotics and inspired by the cyclic structure and druggable features of Gramicidin S, we edited proline α-carbon with stereodynamic nitrogen to examine the direct impact on biological activity and cytotoxicity with respect to prolyl counterpart. Natural Gramicidin S (12), proline-edited peptides 13-16 and wild-type d-Phe-d-Pro β-turn mimetics (17 and 18) were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and investigated their activity against clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, mono-proline edited analogous peptide 13 showed moderate improvement in antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and K.pneumoniae BAA 1705 as compared to Gramicidin S. Furthermore, proline edited peptide 13 exhibited equipotent antimicrobial effect against MDR S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. Analysis of cytotoxicity against VERO cells and RBC, reveals that proline edited peptides showed two-fivefold lesser cytotoxicity than the counterpart Gramicidin S. Our study suggests that introducing single azPro/Pro mutation in Gramicidin S marginally improved the activity and lessens the cytotoxicity as compared with the parent peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhajan Lal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Harshita Dubkara
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India.
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India.
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5
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Qiu S, Frawley AT, Leslie KG, Anderson HL. How do donor and acceptor substituents change the photophysical and photochemical behavior of dithienylethenes? The search for a water-soluble visible-light photoswitch. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9123-9135. [PMID: 37655022 PMCID: PMC10466371 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01458d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dithienylethenes are a type of diarylethene and they constitute one of the most widely studied classes of photoswitch, yet there have been no systematic studies of how electron-donor or -acceptor substituents affect their properties. Here we report eight dithienylethenes bearing push-push, pull-pull and push-pull substitution patterns with different lengths of conjugation in the backbone and investigate their photophysical and photochemical properties. Donor-acceptor interactions in the closed forms of push-pull dithienylethenes shift their absorption spectra into the near-infrared region (λmax ≈ 800 nm). The push-pull systems also exhibit low quantum yields for photochemical electrocyclization, and computational studies indicate that this can be attributed to stabilization of the parallel, rather than anti-parallel, conformations. The pull-pull systems have the highest quantum yields for switching in both directions, ring-closure and ring-opening. The chloride salt of a pull-pull DTE, with alkynes on both arms, is the first water-soluble dithienylethene that can achieve >95% photostationary state distribution in both directions with visible light. It has excellent fatigue resistance: in aqueous solution on irradiation at 365 nm, the photochemical quantum yields for switching and decomposition are 0.15 and 2.6 × 10-5 respectively, i.e. decomposition is more than 5000 times slower than photoswitching. These properties make it a promising candidate for biological applications such as super-resolution microscopy and photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrew T Frawley
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Kathryn G Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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6
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Kalyvas JT, Facal Marina P, Stachura DL, Horsley JR, Abell AD. Smart Wearable Patches Using Light-Controlled Activation and Delivery of Photoswitchable Antimicrobial Peptides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301487. [PMID: 37309073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) skin infections is presented, where UV light is used to facilitate concomitant light-controlled activation and delivery of an antimicrobial therapeutic agent. Specifically, a new photoswitchable gramicidin S analogue was immobilized onto a polymeric wearable patch via a photocleavable linker that undergoes photolysis at the same wavelength of light required for activation of the peptide. Unlike toxic gramicidin S, the liberated active photoswitchable peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. aureus while being ostensibly non-haemolytic to red blood cells. Moreover, irradiation with visible light switches off the antimicrobial properties of the peptide within seconds, presenting an ideal strategy to regulate antibiotic activity for localized bacterial infections with the potential to mitigate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Kalyvas
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Paula Facal Marina
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Damian L Stachura
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - John R Horsley
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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7
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Gödtel P, Starrett J, Pianowski ZL. Heterocyclic Hemipiperazines: Water-Compatible Peptide-Derived Photoswitches. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204009. [PMID: 36790823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hemipiperazines are a recently discovered class of peptide-derived molecular photoswitches with high biocompatibility and therapeutic potential. Here, for the first time we describe photochromism of heterocyclic hemipiperazines. They demonstrate long thermal lifetimes, and enlarged band separation between photoisomers. Efficient photoisomerization occurs under aqueous conditions, although with a need for organic co-solvent. Bidirectional switching with visible light is observed for an extended aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gödtel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jessica Starrett
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zbigniew L Pianowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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8
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Li X, Sun X, Yan Z, Zhao Z, Pang Z, Yang H, Ji X, Lei Y, Zhu Z, Guo X, Mu X. New role of gramicidin A in RIG-I-like receptors-mediated IFN signalling. Immunology 2023; 169:219-228. [PMID: 36683251 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense exogenous molecular patterns most commonly derived from invading pathogens, to active the interferon (IFN) signalling. In the cytoplasm, the viral double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are sensed by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) or melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), depending on the length and chemical properties. Through the binding and oligomerizing onto the RNAs, they form filament to initiate the signalling cascade. Regulation of these receptors' activities are essential for manipulating the strength of IFN signalling. Here, through the virtual screening of chemical reagents using the published MDA5-dsRNA complex structure (PDB: 4GL2), we identified an antibiotic, gramicidin A as a stimulator that enhanced MDA5-mediated IFN signalling. Cytotoxic assay and IFN signalling assay suggested that disruption of lipid membrane, which is a well-defined mechanism of gramicidin A to perform its action, was dispensable in this process. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation assay showed that the gramicidin A treatment enhanced MDA5 oligomerization status in the presence of dsRNA. Our work implicated a new role of gramicidin A in innate immunity and presented a new tool to manipulate MDA5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyuan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyi Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxin Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Testolin G, Richter J, Ritter A, Prochnow H, Köhnke J, Brönstrup M. Optical Modulation of Antibiotic Resistance by Photoswitchable Cystobactamids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201297. [PMID: 35771231 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance causes a serious health care problem, and its counterfeit demands novel, innovative concepts. The combination of photopharmacology, enabling a light-controlled reversible modulation of drug activity, with antibiotic drug design has led to first photoswitchable antibiotic compounds derived from established scaffolds. In this study, we converted cystobactamids, gyrase-inhibiting natural products with an oligoaryl scaffold and highly potent antibacterial activities, into photoswitchable agents by inserting azobenzene in the N-terminal part and/or an acylhydrazone moiety near the C-terminus, yielding twenty analogs that contain mono- as well as double-switches. Antibiotic and gyrase inhibition properties could be modulated 3.4-fold and 5-fold by light, respectively. Notably, the sensitivity of photoswitchable cystobactamids towards two known resistance factors, the peptidase AlbD and the scavenger protein AlbA, was light-dependent. While irradiation of an analog with an N-terminal azobenzene with 365 nm light led to less degradation by AlbD, the AlbA-mediated inactivation was induced. This provides a proof-of-principle that resistance towards photoswitchable antibiotics can be optically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giambattista Testolin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Richter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antje Ritter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans Prochnow
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University, 30159, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Komarov IV, Tolstanova G, Kuznietsova H, Dziubenko N, Yanchuk PI, Shtanova LY, Veselsky SP, Garmanchuk LV, Khranovska N, Gorbach O, Dovbynchuk T, Borysko P, Babii O, Schober T, Ulrich AS, Afonin S. Towards in vivo photomediated delivery of anticancer peptides: Insights from pharmacokinetic and -dynamic data. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112479. [PMID: 35660309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo study of a photoswitchable cytotoxic peptide LMB040 has been undertaken on a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma model in immunocompetent rats. We analysed the pharmacokinetic profile of the less toxic photoform ("ring-closed" dithienylethene) of the compound in tumors, plasma, and healthy liver. Accordingly, the peptide can reach a tumor concentration sufficiently high to exert a cytotoxic effect upon photoconversion into the more active ("ring-open") photoform. Tissue morphology, histology, redox state of the liver, and hepatic biochemical parameters in blood serum were analysed upon treatment with (i) the less active photoform, (ii) the in vivo light-activated alternative photoform, and (iii) compared with a reference chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil. We found that application of the less toxic form followed by a delayed in vivo photoconversion into the more toxic ring-open form of LMB040 led to a higher overall survival of the animals, and signs of enhanced immune response were observed compared to the untreated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; Lumobiotics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | - Halyna Kuznietsova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oleg Babii
- Lumobiotics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Schober
- Lumobiotics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry of Karlsruhe KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany..
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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11
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Purushotham M, Paul B. Iodinated Diketopiperazines: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Iodinated Analogues of Cyclo(L‐Tyrosine‐L‐Tyrosine) Peptides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Purushotham
- Department of Chemistry Jnana Bharathi Campus Bangalore University Bangalore 560056 India
| | - Bishwajit Paul
- Department of Chemistry Jnana Bharathi Campus Bangalore University Bangalore 560056 India
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12
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Pfeffermann J, Eicher B, Boytsov D, Hannesschlaeger C, Galimzyanov TR, Glasnov TN, Pabst G, Akimov SA, Pohl P. Photoswitching of model ion channels in lipid bilayers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 224:112320. [PMID: 34600201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins can be regulated by alterations in material properties intrinsic to the hosting lipid bilayer. Here, we investigated whether the reversible photoisomerization of bilayer-embedded diacylglycerols (OptoDArG) with two azobenzene-containing acyl chains may trigger such regulatory events. We observed an augmented open probability of the mechanosensitive model channel gramicidin A (gA) upon photoisomerizing OptoDArG's acyl chains from trans to cis: integral planar bilayer conductance brought forth by hundreds of simultaneously conducting gA dimers increased by typically >50% - in good agreement with the observed increase in single-channel lifetime. Further, (i) increments in the electrical capacitance of planar lipid bilayers and protrusion length of aspirated giant unilamellar vesicles into suction pipettes, as well as (ii) changes of small-angle X-ray scattering of multilamellar vesicles indicated that spontaneous curvature, hydrophobic thickness, and bending elasticity decreased upon switching from trans- to cis-OptoDArG. Our bilayer elasticity model for gA supports the causal relationship between changes in gA activity and bilayer material properties upon photoisomerization. Thus, we conclude that photolipids are deployable for converting bilayers of potentially diverse origins into light-gated actuators for mechanosensitive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Pfeffermann
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria
| | - Barbara Eicher
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Danila Boytsov
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria
| | | | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Toma N Glasnov
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria.
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14
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Just‐Baringo X, Yeste‐Vázquez A, Moreno‐Morales J, Ballesté‐Delpierre C, Vila J, Giralt E. Controlling Antibacterial Activity Exclusively with Visible Light: Introducing a Tetra-ortho-Chloro-Azobenzene Amino Acid. Chemistry 2021; 27:12987-12991. [PMID: 34227716 PMCID: PMC8518743 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a novel tetra-ortho-chloroazobenzene amino acid (CEBA) has enabled photoswitching of the antimicrobial activity of tyrocidine A analogues by using exclusively visible light, granting spatiotemporal control under benign conditions. Compounds bearing this photoswitchable amino acid become active upon irradiation with red light, but quickly turn-off upon exposure to other visible light wavelengths. Critically, sunlight quickly triggers isomerisation of the red light-activated compounds into their original trans form, offering an ideal platform for self-deactivation upon release into the environment. Linear analogues of tyrocidine A were found to provide the best photocontrol of their antimicrobial activity, leading to compounds active against Acinetobacter baumannii upon isomerisation. Exploration of their N- and C-termini has provided insights into key elements of their structure and has allowed obtaining new antimicrobials displaying excellent strain selectivity and photocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just‐Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
- Laboratori de Química OrgànicaFacultat de FarmàciaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alejandro Yeste‐Vázquez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Moreno‐Morales
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Hospital Clínic - Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Jordi Vila
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Hospital Clínic - Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology – CDBHospital Clínic - University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
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15
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Matsuo K, Tamaoki N. Rational design and development of a lit-active photoswitchable inhibitor targeting CENP-E. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6979-6984. [PMID: 34346473 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the emerging field of photopharmacology, synthetic photoswitches based on reversible photochemical reactions are fused to bioactive molecules. Azobenzene derivatives, which can undergo trans-cis photoisomerization, are typical photoswitches. Most azobenzene-based photochemical tools are active in the thermodynamically stable trans, but not cis, form. cis-Active photochemical tools would be ideal because they can be "initially inactive and active after light illumination" in a reversible mode only by light illumination. However, only a few rational strategies for constructing such "lit-active" photopharmacological tools has been developed. Herein, we report a rationally designed lit-active photoswitchable inhibitor targeting centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E). Using the lit-active inhibitor, we were able to photoregulate CENP-E-dependent mitotic chromosome location in cells. This study provides a framework to facilitate further progress in the development of photopharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
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16
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A photoswitchable helical peptide with light-controllable interface/transmembrane topology in lipidic membranes. iScience 2021; 24:102771. [PMID: 34286233 PMCID: PMC8273423 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous insertion of helical transmembrane (TM) polypeptides into lipid bilayers is driven by three sequential equilibria: solution-to-membrane interface (MI) partition, unstructured-to-helical folding, and MI-to-TM helix insertion. A bottleneck for understanding these three steps is the lack of experimental approaches to perturb membrane-bound hydrophobic polypeptides out of equilibrium rapidly and reversibly. Here, we report on a 24-residues-long hydrophobic α-helical polypeptide, covalently coupled to an azobenzene photoswitch (KCALP-azo), which displays a light-controllable TM/MI equilibrium in hydrated lipid bilayers. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that trans KCALP-azo folds as a TM α-helix (TM topology). After trans-to-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety with UV light (reversed with blue light), the helical structure of KCALP-azo is maintained, but its helix tilt increased from 32 ± 5° to 79 ± 8°, indication of a reversible TM-to-MI transition. Further analysis indicates that this transition is incomplete, with cis KCALP-azo existing in a ∼90% TM and ∼10% MI mixture. We present an α-helical transmembrane peptide modified with a molecular photoswitch The peptide exhibits reversible photocontrol of its membrane topology A fraction moves to the membrane interface with UV and inserts back with blue light This system will be useful to address the molecular mechanism for membrane insertion
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17
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Schultz F, Osuji OF, Nguyen A, Anywar G, Scheel JR, Caljon G, Pieters L, Garbe LA. Pharmacological Assessment of the Antiprotozoal Activity, Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Malaria in the Greater Mpigi Region in Uganda. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:678535. [PMID: 34276369 PMCID: PMC8278201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.678535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential antimalarial and toxicological effects of 16 medicinal plants frequently used by traditional healers to treat malaria, fever, and related disorders in the Greater Mpigi region in Uganda. Species studied were Albizia coriaria, Cassine buchananii, Combretum molle, Erythrina abyssinica, Ficus saussureana, Harungana madagascariensis, Leucas calostachys, Microgramma lycopodioides, Morella kandtiana, Plectranthus hadiensis, Securidaca longipedunculata, Sesamum calycinum subsp. angustifolium, Solanum aculeastrum, Toddalia asiatica, Warburgia ugandensis, and Zanthoxylum chalybeum. In addition, the traditional healers indicated that P. hadiensis is used as a ritual plant to boost fertility and prepare young women and teenagers for motherhood in some Ugandan communities where a high incidence of rapidly growing large breast masses in young female patients was observed (not necessarily breast cancer). We present results from various in vitro experiments performed with 56 different plant extracts, namely, 1) an initial assessment of the 16 species regarding their traditional use in the treatment of malaria by identifying promising plant extract candidates using a heme biocrystallization inhibition library screen; 2) follow-up investigations of antiprotozoal effects of the most bioactive crude extracts against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum K1; 3) a cytotoxicity counterscreen against human MRC-5SV2 lung fibroblasts; 4) a genotoxicity evaluation of the extract library without and with metabolic bioactivation with human S9 liver fraction; and 5) an assessment of the mutagenicity of the ritual plant P. hadiensis. A total of seven extracts from five plant species were selected for antiplasmodial follow-up investigations based on their hemozoin formation inhibition activity in the heme biocrystallization assay. Among other extracts, an ethyl acetate extract of L. calostachys leaves exhibited antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum K1 (IC50 value: 5.7 µg/ml), which was further characterized with a selectivity index of 2.6 (CC50 value: 14.7 µg/ml). The experiments for assessment of potential procarcinogenic properties of plant extracts via evaluation of in vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity indicated that few extracts cause mutations. The species T. asiatica showed the most significant genotoxic effects on both bacterial test strains (without metabolic bioactivation at a concentration of 500 µg/plate). However, none of the mutagenic extracts from the experiments without metabolic bioactivation retained their genotoxic activity after metabolic bioactivation of the plant extract library through pre-incubation with human S9 liver fraction. While this study did not show that P. hadiensis has genotoxic properties, it did provide early stage support for the therapeutic use of the medicinal plants from the Greater Mpigi region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Schultz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III—Process Sciences, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Ogechi Favour Osuji
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John R. Scheel
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leif-Alexander Garbe
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany
- ZELT—Neubrandenburg Center for Nutrition and Food Technology gGmbH, Neubrandenburg, Germany
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18
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Zhu J, Hu C, Zeng Z, Deng X, Zeng L, Xie S, Fang Y, Jin Y, Alezra V, Wan Y. Polymyxin B-inspired non-hemolytic tyrocidine A analogues with significantly enhanced activity against gram-negative bacteria: How cationicity impacts cell specificity and antibacterial mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113488. [PMID: 33991963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cyclic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as tyrocidine A (Tyrc A) and gramicidin S (GS) are appealing targets for the development of novel antibiotics. However, their therapeutic potentials are limited by undesired hemolytic activity and relatively poor activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Inspired by polycationic lipopeptide polymyxin B (PMB), the so called 'last-resort' antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, we synthesized and biologically evaluated a series of polycationic analogues derived from Tyrc A. We were able to obtain peptide 8 that possesses 5 positive charges exhibiting potent activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria along with totally diminished hemolytic activity. Intriguingly, antibacterial mechanism studies revealed that, rather than the 'pore forming' model that possessed by Tyrc A, peptide 8 likely diffuses membrane in a 'detergent-like' manner. Furthermore, when treating mice with peritonitis-sepsis, peptide 8 showed excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibao Zhu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chengfei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Zizhen Zeng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Minist Educ, Key Lab Modern Preparat TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences D'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China; Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences D'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yuchai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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19
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Kobori S, Huh S, Appavoo SD, Yudin AK. Two-Dimensional Barriers for Probing Conformational Shifts in Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5166-5171. [PMID: 33754700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development and use of composite two-dimensional barriers in macrocyclic backbones. These tunable constructs derive their mode of action from heterocyclic rearrangements. The Boulton-Katritzky reaction has been identified as a particularly versatile means to effect a composite barrier, allowing the examination of the influence of heterocycle translocation on conformation. Kinetic studies using 1H NMR have revealed that the in-plane atom movement is fast in 17, 18, 19-membered rings but slows down in 16-membered rings. The analysis by NMR and MD simulation experiments is consistent with the maintenance of rare cis-amide motifs during conformational interconversion. Taken together, our investigation demonstrates that heterocyclic rearrangement reactions can be used to control macrocyclic backbones and provides fundamental insights that may be applicable to the development of a wide range of other conformational control elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kobori
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Sungjoon Huh
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Solomon D Appavoo
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
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20
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Ryu M, Park J, Yeom JH, Joo M, Lee K. Rediscovery of antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents. J Microbiol 2021; 59:113-123. [PMID: 33527313 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is increasing rapidly. There is growing concern as the development of antibiotics is slower than the increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. Despite their name, which implies their antimicrobial activity, AMPs have recently been rediscovered as compounds having antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and insecticidal effects. Moreover, many AMPs are relatively safe from toxic side effects and the generation of resistant microorganisms due to their target specificity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying their action. In this review, we summarize the history, classification, and mechanisms of action of AMPs, and provide descriptions of AMPs undergoing clinical trials. We also discuss the obstacles associated with the development of AMPs as therapeutic agents and recent strategies formulated to circumvent these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Ryu
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Yeom
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minju Joo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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21
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González-Muñiz R, Bonache MÁ, Pérez de Vega MJ. Modulating Protein-Protein Interactions by Cyclic and Macrocyclic Peptides. Prominent Strategies and Examples. Molecules 2021; 26:445. [PMID: 33467010 PMCID: PMC7830901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic and macrocyclic peptides constitute advanced molecules for modulating protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Although still peptide derivatives, they are metabolically more stable than linear counterparts, and should have a lower degree of flexibility, with more defined secondary structure conformations that can be adapted to imitate protein interfaces. In this review, we analyze recent progress on the main methods to access cyclic/macrocyclic peptide derivatives, with emphasis in a few selected examples designed to interfere within PPIs. These types of peptides can be from natural origin, or prepared by biochemical or synthetic methodologies, and their design could be aided by computational approaches. Some advances to facilitate the permeability of these quite big molecules by conjugation with cell penetrating peptides, and the incorporation of β-amino acid and peptoid structures to improve metabolic stability, are also commented. It is predicted that this field of research could have an important future mission, running in parallel to the discovery of new, relevant PPIs involved in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario González-Muñiz
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.B.); (M.J.P.d.V.)
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22
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Chu W, Prodromou R, Day KN, Schneible JD, Bacon KB, Bowen JD, Kilgore RE, Catella CM, Moore BD, Mabe MD, Alashoor K, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Menegatti S. Peptides and pseudopeptide ligands: a powerful toolbox for the affinity purification of current and next-generation biotherapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461632. [PMID: 33333349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the consolidation of therapeutic proteins in the fight against cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases, recent advancements in biochemistry and biotechnology have introduced a host of next-generation biotherapeutics, such as CRISPR-Cas nucleases, stem and car-T cells, and viral vectors for gene therapy. With these drugs entering the clinical pipeline, a new challenge lies ahead: how to manufacture large quantities of high-purity biotherapeutics that meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. The protein ligands employed by the industry are inadequate to confront this challenge: while featuring high binding affinity and selectivity, these ligands require laborious engineering and expensive manufacturing, are prone to biochemical degradation, and pose safety concerns related to their bacterial origin. Peptides and pseudopeptides make excellent candidates to form a new cohort of ligands for the purification of next-generation biotherapeutics. Peptide-based ligands feature excellent target biorecognition, low or no toxicity and immunogenicity, and can be manufactured affordably at large scale. This work presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on peptide-based ligands and their use in the affinity purification of established and upcoming biological drugs. A comparative analysis is first presented on peptide engineering principles, the development of ligands targeting different biomolecular targets, and the promises and challenges connected to the industrial implementation of peptide ligands. The reviewed literature is organized in (i) conventional (α-)peptides targeting antibodies and other therapeutic proteins, gene therapy products, and therapeutic cells; (ii) cyclic peptides and pseudo-peptides for protein purification and capture of viral and bacterial pathogens; and (iii) the forefront of peptide mimetics, such as β-/γ-peptides, peptoids, foldamers, and stimuli-responsive peptides for advanced processing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kevin N Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kaitlyn B Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Carly M Catella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Matthew D Mabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kawthar Alashoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Yiman Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xiao
- College of Textile, Donghua University, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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23
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Hu C, Wen Q, Huang S, Xie S, Fang Y, Jin Y, Campagne R, Alezra V, Miclet E, Zhu J, Wan Y. Gramicidin-S-Inspired Cyclopeptidomimetics as Potent Membrane-Active Bactericidal Agents with Therapeutic Potential. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:368-376. [PMID: 33026182 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising antibacterial agents often hindered by their undesired hemolytic activity. Inspired by gramicidin S (GS), a well-known cyclodecapeptide, we synthesized a panel of antibacterial cyclopeptidomimetics using β,γ-diamino acids (β,γ-DiAAs). We observed that peptidomimetic CP-2 displays a bactericidal activity similar to that of GS while possessing lower side-effects. Moreover, extensive studies revealed that CP-2 likely kills bacteria through membrane disruption. Altogether, CP-2 is a promising membrane-active antibiotic with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Quan Wen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shuhui Huang
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Hospital, 318 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Rémy Campagne
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jinhua Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China.,Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
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24
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Yan L, Ding W, Wang L, Dou Q, Luo Q. A new synthesis protocol for photochromic triarylethenes and their multifunctional derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1793206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Dou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianfu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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25
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Tzitzilis A, Boura‐Theodorou A, Michail V, Papadopoulos S, Krikorian D, Lekka ME, Koukkou A, Sakarellos‐Daitsiotis M, Panou‐Pomonis E. Cationic amphipathic peptide analogs of cathelicidin LL‐37 as a probe in the development of antimicrobial/anticancer agents. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3254. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Guan Q, Chen K, Chen Q, Hu J, Cheng K, Hu C, Zhu J, Jin Y, Miclet E, Alezra V, Wan Y. Development of Therapeutic Gramicidin S Analogues Bearing Plastic β,γ-Diamino Acids. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1089-1100. [PMID: 32233075 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gramicidin S (GS), one of the most widely investigated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), is known for its robust antimicrobial activity. However, it is restricted to topical application due to undesired hemolytic activity. With the aim of obtaining nontoxic GS analogues, we describe herein a molecular approach in which the native GS β-turn region is replaced by synthetic β,γ-diamino acids (β,γ-DiAAs). Four β,γ-DiAA diastereomers were employed to mimic the β-turn structure to afford GS analogues GS3-6, which exhibit diminished hemolytic activity. A comparative structural study demonstrates that the (βR,γS)-DiAA is the most-stable β-turn mimic. To further improve the therapeutic index (e. g., high antibacterial activity and low hemolytic activity) and to extend the molecular diversity, GS5 and GS6 were used as structural scaffolds to introduce additional hydrophobic or hydrophilic groups. We show that GS6K, GS6F and GS display comparable antibacterial activity, and GS6K and GS6F have significantly decreased toxicity. Moreover, antibacterial mechanism studies suggest that GS6K kills bacteria mainly through the disruption of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinkun Guan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Kaisen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Normal University, 15 Yuchai Road, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Chengfei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Jibao Zhu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Université PSL, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Normal University, 15 Yuchai Road, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.,Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 91405, France
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27
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Abstract
AbstractThis article introduces the general characteristics of the diarylethene class of photochromic dye and the structural features that make photochromism possible. It touches on the methodologies employed to synthesize these compounds as well as the influences that typical substitution patterns exert on photocoloration. A demonstration is then given of the great diversity pertaining to the potential applications in which researchers are seeking to exploit them as functional colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Towns
- Technical, Lambson Ltd, Clifford House, York Road, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS22 7NSUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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28
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You Z, Behl M, Grage SL, Bürck J, Zhao Q, Ulrich AS, Lendlein A. Shape-Memory Effect by Sequential Coupling of Functions over Different Length Scales in an Architectured Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:680-687. [PMID: 31846312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The integration of functions in materials in order to gain macroscopic effects in response to environmental changes is an ongoing challenge in material science. Here, functions on different hierarchical levels are sequentially linked to translate a pH-triggered conformational transition from the molecular to the macroscopic level to induce directed movements in hydrogels. When the pH is increased, lysine-rich peptide molecules change their conformation into a β-hairpin structure because of the reduced electrostatic repulsion among the deprotonated amino groups. Coupled to this conformation change is the capability of the β-hairpin motifs to subsequently assemble into aggregates acting as reversible cross-links, which are used as controlling units to fix a temporary macroscopic shape. A structural function implemented into the hydrogel by a microporous architecture-enabled nondisruptive deformation upon compression by buckling of pore walls and their elastic recovery. Coupled to this structural function is the capability of the porous material to enhance the diffusion of ions into the hydrogel and to keep the dimension of the macroscopic systems almost constant when the additional cross-links are formed or cleaved as it limits the dimensional change of the pore walls. Covalent cross-linking of the hydrogel into a polymer network acted as gear shift to ensure translation of the function on the molecular level to the macroscopic dimension. In this way, the information of a directed shape-shift can be programmed into the material by mechanical deformation and pH-dependent formation of temporary net points. The information could be read out by lowering the pH. The peptides reverted back into their original random coil conformation and the porous polymer network could recover from the previously applied elastic deformation. The level of multifunctionality of the hydrogels can be increased by implementation of additional orthogonal functions such as antimicrobicity by proper selection of multifunctional peptides, which could enable sophisticated biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewang You
- Institute of Biomaterial Science , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Kantstraße. 55 , 14513 Teltow , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße. 24-25 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine , Weijin Road 92 , 300072 Tianjin , China and Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute of Biomaterial Science , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Kantstraße. 55 , 14513 Teltow , Germany.,Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine , Weijin Road 92 , 300072 Tianjin , China and Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O.B 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O.B 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O.B 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Kantstraße. 55 , 14513 Teltow , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße. 24-25 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine , Weijin Road 92 , 300072 Tianjin , China and Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
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29
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Afonin S, Babii O, Reuter A, Middel V, Takamiya M, Strähle U, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS. Light-controllable dithienylethene-modified cyclic peptides: photoswitching the in vivo toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:39-49. [PMID: 31976015 PMCID: PMC6964649 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the embryotoxicity of dithienylethene-modified peptides upon photoswitching, using 19 analogues based on the β-hairpin scaffold of the natural membranolytic peptide gramicidin S. We established an in vivo assay in two variations (with ex vivo and in situ photoisomerization), using larvae of the model organism Danio rerio, and determined the toxicities of the peptides in terms of 50% lethal doses (LD50). This study allowed us to: (i) demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating peptide toxicity with D. rerio larvae at 3–4 days post fertilization, (ii) determine the phototherapeutic safety windows for all peptides, (iii) demonstrate photoswitching of the whole-body toxicity for the dithienylethene-modified peptides in vivo, (iv) re-analyze previous structure–toxicity relationship data, and (v) select promising candidates for potential clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aline Reuter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Volker Middel
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), KIT, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), KIT, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), KIT, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, vul. Volodymyrska 60, 1601 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Lumobiotics GmbH, Auerstr. 2, 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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30
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Peptide drugs for photopharmacology: how much of a safety advantage can be gained by photocontrol? FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To verify whether photocontrol of biological activity could augment safety of a chemotherapeutic agent. Materials & methods: LD50 values for gramicidin S and photoisomeric forms of its photoswitchable diarylethene-containing analogs were determined using mice. The results were compared with data obtained from cell viability measurements taken for the same compounds. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination (ADME) tests using a murine cancer model were conducted to get insight into the underlying reasons for the observed in vivo toxicity. Results: While in vitro cytotoxicity values of the photoisomers differed substantially, the differences in the observed LD50 values were less pronounced due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusion: Despite unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties as in the representative case studied here, there is an overall advantage to be gained in the safety profile of a chemotherapeutic agent via photocontrol. Nevertheless, optimization of the pharmacokinetic parameters of photoisomers is an important issue to be addressed during the development of photopharmacological drugs.
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31
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Albert L, Vázquez O. Photoswitchable peptides for spatiotemporal control of biological functions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10192-10213. [PMID: 31411602 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light is unsurpassed in its ability to modulate biological interactions. Since their discovery, chemists have been fascinated by photosensitive molecules capable of switching between isomeric forms, known as photoswitches. Photoswitchable peptides have been recognized for many years; however, their functional implementation in biological systems has only recently been achieved. Peptides are now acknowledged as excellent protein-protein interaction modulators and have been important in the emergence of photopharmacology. In this review, we briefly explain the different classes of photoswitches and summarize structural studies when they are incorporated into peptides. Importantly, we provide a detailed overview of the rapidly increasing number of examples, where biological modulation is driven by the structural changes. Furthermore, we discuss some of the remaining challenges faced in this field. These exciting proof-of-principle studies highlight the tremendous potential of photocontrollable peptides as optochemical tools for chemical biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Albert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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32
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Schober T, Wehl I, Afonin S, Babii O, Iampolska A, Schepers U, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS. Controlling the Uptake of Diarylethene‐Based Cell‐Penetrating Peptides into Cells Using Light. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schober
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ilona Wehl
- KIT, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- KIT, Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Oleg Babii
- KIT, Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anna Iampolska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Vul. Volodymyrska 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd. Vul. Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Ute Schepers
- KIT, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Vul. Volodymyrska 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Lumobiotics GmbH Auerstraße 2 76227 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- KIT, Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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33
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Guan Q, Huang S, Jin Y, Campagne R, Alezra V, Wan Y. Recent Advances in the Exploration of Therapeutic Analogues of Gramicidin S, an Old but Still Potent Antimicrobial Peptide. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7603-7617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinkun Guan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Huang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Rémy Campagne
- Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse
et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse
et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
- Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse
et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, 91405 Orsay, France
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34
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Schweigert C, Babii O, Afonin S, Schober T, Leier J, Michenfelder NC, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS, Unterreiner AN. Real‐Time Observation of Diarylethene‐Based Photoswitches in a Cyclic Peptide Environment. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schweigert
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Julia Leier
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany
| | - Nadine C. Michenfelder
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv vul. Volodymyrska 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Lumobiotics GmbH Auer Str. 2 76227 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Andreas Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany
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