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Cai F, Wang C. Comprehensive review of the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of alkamides (2016-2022). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114006. [PMID: 38309452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Alkamides refer to a class of natural active small-molecule products composed of fatty acids and amine groups. These compounds are widely distributed in plants, and their unique structures and various pharmacological activities have caught the attention of scholars. This review provides a collection of literatures related to the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of alkamides published in 2016-2022 and their summary to provide references for further development of this class of ingredients. A total of 234 components (including chiral isomers) were summarized, pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, analgesic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial, and miscellaneous properties of alkamides were discussed. In addition, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of alkamides were reviewed. However, information on the pharmacological mechanisms of the action, drug safety, and pharmacokinetics of alkamides is limited and thus requires further investigation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li Y, Yu ZP, Li YP, Yu JH, Yue JM. Diterpenoids from Euphorbia peplus possessing cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107194. [PMID: 38367429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation into the medium polar fraction of the ethanol extract of Euphorbia peplus led to the identification of 32 diterpenoids with five structural types. Compounds 1-5 and 7-11 are reported for the first time, while the configuration of 6,7-epoxy group of 6 was revised to be β-oriented. Compounds 1-5 feature a rare structural variation of the double bond at Δ1 migrating to Δ1(10) in the tigliane-type diterpenoid family. Biologically, compound 21 was found to be the only one to show moderate cytotoxic activity, associated with the presence of a benzoyloxy residue at C-16. Besides, compounds 4, 8, 12, 13, 16, and 19 show significant inhibitory activities against NO production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with IC50 values within 2-5 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that the ingenane-type diterpenoids have the best anti-inflammatory activity, and the esterification at 3-OH or 5-OH is crucial. Further biological researches demonstrated that 13, the predominant metabolite in this plant, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Pu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China. Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Peng Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hai Yu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Park KA, Jung CS, Sohn KC, Ju E, Shin S, Park I, Na M, Hur GM. Eupatolide, isolated from Liriodendron tulipifera, sensitizes TNF-mediated dual modes of apoptosis and necroptosis by disrupting RIPK1 ubiquitination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28092. [PMID: 38533031 PMCID: PMC10963378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of RIPK1 plays an essential role in the recruitment of the IKK complex, an upstream component of pro-survival NF-κB. It also limits TNF-induced programmed cell death by inhibiting the spatial transition from TNFR1-associated complex-I to RIPK1-dependent death-inducing complex-II or necrosome. Thus, the targeted disruption of RIPK1 ubiquitination, which induces RIPK1-dependent cell death, has proven to be a useful strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of TNF. In this study, we found that eupatolide, isolated from Liriodendron tulipifera, is a potent activator of the cytotoxic potential of RIPK1 by disrupting the ubiquitination of RIPK1 upon TNFR1 ligation. Analysis of events upstream of NF-κB signaling revealed that eupatolide inhibited IKKβ-mediated NF-κB activation while having no effect on IKKα-mediated non-canonical NF-κB activation. Pretreatment with eupatolide drastically interfered with RIPK1 recruitment to the TNFR1 complex-I by disrupting RIPK1 ubiquitination. Moreover, eupatolide was sufficient to upregulate the activation of RIPK1, facilitating the TNF-mediated dual modes of apoptosis and necroptosis. Thus, we propose a novel mechanism by which eupatolide activates the cytotoxic potential of RIPK1 at the TNFR1 level and provides a promising anti-cancer therapeutic approach to overcome TNF resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Ah Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Seok Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
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Wu CZ, Li G, Zhang YH, Yuan SZ, Dong KM, Lou HX, Peng XP. Interconvertible Pyridone Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum QDU1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:739-750. [PMID: 36888988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new pyridone alkaloids, penicipyridones A-K (1-11), and three new tetramic acids, tolypocladenols D-F (12-14), were isolated from rice media cultures of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum QDU1. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Interestingly, several of the penicipyridones undergo interconversions between hydroxy and methoxy groups at C-4 in acidic MeOH solution. Furthermore, in an acidic aqueous solution, OH-4 could be replaced by diverse substituent groups. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, and 14 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on NO production in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values ranging from 9.2 to 19 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zheng Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuang-Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ke-Min Dong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Peng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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