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Chaniad P, Phuwajaroanpong A, Plirat W, Konyanee A, Septama AW, Punsawad C. Assessment of antimalarial activity of crude extract of Chan-Ta-Lee-La and Pra-Sa-Chan-Dang formulations and their plant ingredients for new drug candidates of malaria treatment: In vitro and in vivo experiments. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296756. [PMID: 38206944 PMCID: PMC10783769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance have become a significant problem worldwide. The search for natural products to develop novel antimalarial drugs is challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the antimalarial and toxicological effects of Chan-Ta-Lee-La (CTLL) and Pra-Sa-Chan-Dang (PSCD) formulations and their plant ingredients. The crude extracts of CTLL and PSCD formulations and their plant ingredients were evaluated for in vitro antimalarial activity using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and toxicity to Vero and HepG2 cells using the tetrazolium salt method. An extract from the CTLL and PSCD formulations exhibiting the highest selectivity index value was selected for further investigation using Peter's 4-day suppressive test, curative test, prophylactic test, and acute oral toxicity in mice. The phytochemical constituents were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that ethanolic extracts of CTLL and PSCD formulations possessed high antimalarial activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration = 4.88, and 4.19 g/mL, respectively) with low cytotoxicity. Ethanolic extracts of the CTLL and PSCD formulations demonstrated a significant dose-dependent decrease in parasitemia in mice. The ethanolic CTLL extract showed the greatest suppressive effect after 4 days of suppressive (89.80%) and curative (35.94%) testing at a dose of 600 mg/kg. Moreover, ethanolic PSCD extract showed the highest suppressive effect in the prophylactic test (65.82%) at a dose of 600 mg/kg. There was no acute toxicity in mice treated with ethanolic CTLL and PSCD extracts at 2,000 mg/kg bodyweight. GC-MS analysis revealed that the most abundant compounds in the ethanolic CTLL extract were linderol, isoborneol, eudesmol, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, whereas ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate was the most commonly found compound in the ethanolic PSCD extract, followed by 3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, flamenol, oleic acid amide, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. In conclusions, ethanolic CTLL and PSCD extracts exhibited high antimalarial efficacy in vitro. The ethanolic CTLL extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg exhibited the highest antimalarial activity in the 4-day suppressive and curative tests, whereas the ethanolic PSCD extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg showed the highest antimalarial activity in the prophylactic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Chaniad
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Arisara Phuwajaroanpong
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Plirat
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Atthaphon Konyanee
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Ma J, Li Q, Wang T, Lu H, Liu J, Cai R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xie X, Su J. A comprehensive review of Shengdeng in Tibetan medicine: textual research, herbal and botanical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1303902. [PMID: 38174223 PMCID: PMC10762315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1303902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
"Shengdeng", a group of Tibetan medicines with diverse biological origins, has long been utilized in Tibet for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It showcases remarkable efficacy in alleviating rheumatism, reducing swelling, and relieving pain. This study aimed to clarify the plant species used as "Shengdeng" and summarize their botanical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology to promote its utilization and development. "Shengdeng" is derived from a remarkable collection of 14 plant species belonging to six distinct families. Extensive phytochemical investigations have led to the identification of 355 chemical constituents within "Shengdeng". Pharmacological studies conducted on "Shengdeng" have revealed a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic activities. Notably, flavonoids and triterpenoids emerge as the predominant groups among these constituents, contributing to the therapeutic potential and diverse applications of "Shengdeng". The present review provides a concise summary of the recent advancements in textual research concerning the herbal and botanical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of "Shengdeng". It is crucial to note that future research on "Shengdeng" should prioritize the analysis of its active ingredients and the establishment of rigorous quality standards. These aspects are essential for ensuring consistency, efficacy, and safety in its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyu Lu
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rangji Cai
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinsong Su
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Vij T, Anil PP, Shams R, Dash KK, Kalsi R, Pandey VK, Harsányi E, Kovács B, Shaikh AM. A Comprehensive Review on Bioactive Compounds Found in Caesalpinia sappan. Molecules 2023; 28:6247. [PMID: 37687076 PMCID: PMC10488625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan) is a tropical hardwood tree found in Southeast Asia. Sappan wood contains a water-soluble compound, which imparts a red color named brazilin. Sappan wood is utilized to produce dye for fabric and coloring agents for food and beverages, such as wine and meat. As a valuable medicinal plant, the tree is also known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It has been observed that sappan wood contains various bioactive compounds, including brazilin, brazilein, sappan chalcone, and protosappanin A. It has also been discovered that these substances have various health advantages; they lower inflammation, enhance blood circulation, and are anti-oxidative in nature. Sappan wood has been used as a medicine to address a range of illnesses, such as gastrointestinal problems, respiratory infections, and skin conditions. Studies have also suggested that sappan wood may have anticarcinogenic potential as it possesses cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Based on this, the present review emphasized the different medicinal properties, the role of phytochemicals, their health benefits, and several food and nonfood applications of sappan wood. Overall, sappan wood has demonstrated promising medicinal properties and is an important resource in traditional medicine. The present review has explored the potential role of sappan wood as an essential source of bioactive compounds for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Vij
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Pawase Prashant Anil
- MIT School of Food Technology, MIT ADT University, Pune 412201, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rafeeya Shams
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology (GKCIET), Malda 732141, West Bengal, India
| | - Rhythm Kalsi
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Division of Research & Innovation (DRI), School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Endre Harsányi
- Agricultural Research Institutes and Academic Farming (AKIT), Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Cheenpracha S, Chokchaisiri R, Ganranoo L, Bureekaew S, Limtharakul T, Laphookhieo S. Cassane diterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the fruits of Pterolobium macropterum. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:658-665. [PMID: 37205128 PMCID: PMC10186258 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new cassane diterpenoids, 14β-hydroxycassa-11(12),13(15)-dien-12,16-olide (1) and 6'-acetoxypterolobirin B (3), together with a known analogue, identified as 12α,14β-dihydroxycassa-13(15)-en-12,16-olide (2), were isolated from the fruits of Pterolobium macropterum. Compound 1 is a cassane diterpenoid with a Δ11(12) double bond conjugated with an α,β-butenolide-type, whereas compound 3 is a dimeric caged cassane diterpenoid with unique 6/6/6/6/6/5/6/6/6 nonacyclic ring system. The structures of 1 and 3 were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analysis combined with computational ECD analyses. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of isolated compounds was evaluated, and compounds 1 and 3 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 66 and 44 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarot Cheenpracha
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | | | - Lucksagoon Ganranoo
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sareeya Bureekaew
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Thunwadee Limtharakul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, the Graduate School and Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Medicinal Plants Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Çiçek SS, Pfeifer Barbosa AL, Wenzel-Storjohann A, Segovia JFO, Bezerra RM, Sönnichsen F, Zidorn C, Kanzaki I, Tasdemir D. Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Amazonian Medicinal Plant Vouacapoua americana Aubl. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 36616228 PMCID: PMC9824835 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vouacapoua americana (Fabaceae) is an economically important tree in the Amazon region and used for its highly resistant heartwood as well as for medicinal purposes. Despite its frequent use, phytochemical investigations have been limited and rather focused on ecological properties than on its pharmacological potential. In this study, we investigated the phytochemistry and bioactivity of V. americana stem bark extract and its constituents to identify eventual lead structures for further drug development. Applying hydrodistillation and subsequent GC-MS analysis, we investigated the composition of the essential oil and identified the 15 most abundant components. Moreover, the diterpenoids deacetylchagresnone (1), cassa-13(14),15-dien-oic acid (2), isoneocaesalpin H (3), (+)-vouacapenic acid (4), and (+)-methyl vouacapenate (5) were isolated from the stem bark, with compounds 2 and 4 showing pronounced effects on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium, respectively. During the structure elucidation of deacetylchagresnone (1), which was isolated from a natural source for the first time, we detected inconsistencies regarding the configuration of the cyclopropane ring. Thus, the structure was revised for both deacetylchagresnone (1) and the previously isolated chagresnone. Following our works on Copaifera reticulata and Vatairea guianensis, the results of this study further contribute to the knowledge of Amazonian medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Sezai Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Messias Bezerra
- Laboratory of Bioprospection and Atomic Absorption, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil
| | - Frank Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Isamu Kanzaki
- Laboratory of Bioprospection, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Chen XM, Lu W, Zhang ZH, Zhang JY, Tuong TML, Liu LL, Kim YH, Li CH, Gao JM. Cassane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and their antibacterial and anti-glioblastoma activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 196:113082. [PMID: 35051786 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen cassane diterpenoids (CAs), including four undescribed lactam-type, four unreported lactone-type, along with eight known ones, were isolated from the aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Their structures were characterized by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (including NMR and HRESIMS). The absolute configuration of pulcherritam A was finally established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Cu Kα radiation. Notably, pulcherritam s A-D were elucidated as a group of rare CAs bearing an α, β-unsaturated γ-lactam ring rather than a typical lactone moiety. Almost all compounds were examined for their antibacterial. The results reveal that pulcherritam H exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae (Psa) with the MIC from 6.25 to 12.5 μM, while pulcherritams A and C displayed potent antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Then, all isolates were evaluated for their anti-glioblastoma activities. Pulcherritam A and Pulcherrimin G illustrated moderate inhibitory activity against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) U87MG cell, and the other compounds did not show obvious inhibitory activity against GBM U87MG cell. Furthermore, the preliminary structure-activity relationship and their biosynthetic pathway were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Wang Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Zi-Han Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Jia-Yao Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Thi Mai Luong Tuong
- Insititute of Scientific Research and Technological Development, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong, Viet Nam
| | - Ling-Li Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Chungnam Natl Univ, College of Pharmacy, South Korea
| | - Chun-Huan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
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Yun X, Chen XM, Wang JY, Lu W, Zhang ZH, Kim YH, Zong SC, Li CH, Gao JM. Cassane diterpenoids from Caesalpinia pulcherrima and their anti-inflammatory and α-glycosidase inhibitory activities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4636-4644. [PMID: 34842014 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2007096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three undescribed cassane-type diterpenoids (CAs), caesalpulcherrins K-M (1-3), together with three known ones (4-6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw (Fabaceae). Their structures were elucidated via analysis of NMR (1 D and 2 D) and HRESIMS data. The character for caesalpulcherrin K possessing the olefin bond at C-11 and C-12 in its cassane skeleton was observed, which belonged to a small group among more than 450 CAs. That is, only fifteen derivatives have been reported up to now, to our knowledge. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 1-6 exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity, with an IC50 value from 6.04 ± 0.34 to 8.92 ± 0.65 μM. Furthermore, compounds 5 and 6 exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Wang Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Han Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Shi-Chun Zong
- Division of Medical Clinic, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Huan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
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Syamsunarno MRA, Safitri R, Kamisah Y. Protective Effects of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. and Its Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular Organs. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:725745. [PMID: 34603037 PMCID: PMC8479160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.725745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. The long-term aim of cardiovascular disease therapy is to reduce the mortality rate and decelerate the progression of cardiovascular organ damage. Current therapies focus on recovering heart function and reducing risk factors such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. However, oxidative stress and inflammation are important causes of further damage to cardiovascular organs. Caesalpinia sappan Linn. (Fabaceae), a flowering tree native to tropical Asia, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a natural dye to color food and beverages and as a traditional treatment for diarrhea, diabetes, and blood stasis. The phytochemical compounds in C. sappan, mainly the homoisoflavonoids brazilin, sappanone A, protosappanin, and hematoxylin, can potentially be used to protect cardiovascular organs. This review aims to provide updates on recent developments in research on C. sappan in relation to treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have reported protective effects of the plant’s bioactive compounds that reduce cardiac damage and enhance vasorelaxation. For example, brazilin and sappanone A have an impact on molecular and cellular changes in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, mainly by modulating oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling pathways. Therefore, bioactive compounds of C. sappan have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to combat cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction and vascular disease. This review could help further the understanding of the possible modulatory role of the compounds in cardiovascular diseases, thereby facilitating future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mas Rizky Aa Syamsunarno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Ratu Safitri
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Biological Activity of Selected Natural and Synthetic Terpenoid Lactones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095036. [PMID: 34068609 PMCID: PMC8126056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids with lactone moieties have been indicated to possess high bioactivity. Certain terpenoid lactones exist in nature, in plants and animals, but they can also be obtained by chemical synthesis. Terpenoids possessing lactone moieties are known for their cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. Moreover, one terpenoid lactone, artemisinin, is used as a drug against malaria. Because of these abilities, there is constant interest in new terpenoid lactones that are both isolated and synthesized, and their biological activities have been verified. In some cases, the activity of the terpenoid lactone is specifically connected to the lactone moiety. Recent works have revealed that new terpenoid lactones can demonstrate such functions and are thus considered to be potential active agents against many diseases.
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Huang GD, Chen FF, Ma GX, Li WP, Zheng YY, Meng XB, Li ZY, Chen L. Cassane diterpenoid derivative induces apoptosis in IDH1 mutant glioma cells through the inhibition of glutaminase in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:153434. [PMID: 33529962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent, lethal and aggressive tumour of the central nervous system in adults. The discovery of novel anti-GBM agents based on the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant phenotypes and classifications have attracted comprehensive attention. PURPOSE Diterpenoids are a class of naturally occurring 20-carbon isoprenoid compounds, and have previously been shown to possess high cytotoxicity for a variety of human tumours in many scientific reports. In the present study, 31 cassane diterpenoids of four types, namely, butanolide lactone cassane diterpenoids (I) (1-10), tricyclic cassane diterpenoids (II) (11-15), polyoxybutanolide lactone cassane diterpenoids (III) (16-23), and fused furan ring cassane diterpenoids (IV) (24-31), were tested for their anti-glioblastoma activity and mechanism underlying based on IDH1 mutant phenotypes of primary GBM cell cultures and human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cell lines. RESULTS We confirmed that tricyclic-type (II) and compound 13 (Caesalpin A, CSA) showed the best anti-neoplastic potencies in IDH1 mutant glioma cells compared with the other types and compounds. Furthermore, the structure-relationship analysis indicated that the carbonyl group at C-12 and an α, β-unsaturated ketone unit fundamentally contributed to enhancing the anti-glioma activity. Studies investigating the mechanism demonstrated that CSA induced oxidative stress via causing glutathione reduction and NOS activation by negatively regulating glutaminase (GLS), which proved to be highly dependent on IDH mutant type glioblastoma. Finally, GLS overexpression reversed the CSA-induced anti-glioma effects in vitro and in vivo, which indicated that the reduction of GLS contributed to the CSA-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HOG-IDH1-mu cells. CONCLUSION Therefore, the present results demonstrated that compared with other diterpenoids, tricyclic-type diterpenoids could be a targeted drug candidate for the treatment of secondary IDH1 mutant type glioblastoma through negatively regulating GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Fan-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Guo-Xu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yue-Yang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiang-Bao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Zong-Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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11
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Yuanting J, Ruikang H, Yang L, Hanqiao L. Two new cassane-type diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2078-2084. [PMID: 33213201 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1849196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new cassane diterpenoid, caesappine A (1), and a new natural cassane diterpenoid, caesappine B (2) were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. The new structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by analysing their 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for the cytotoxic activities on Hela and HepG-2 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yuanting
- Biochemical School, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ruikang
- Biochemical School, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Biochemical School, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Hanqiao
- Biochemical School, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
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12
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Li L, Chen L, Li Y, Sun S, Ma S, Li Y, Qu J. Cassane and nor-cassane diterpenoids from the roots of Erythrophleum fordii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112343. [PMID: 32172016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Detailed phytochemical investigation of the roots of Erythrophleum fordii furnished seven undescribed cassane-type diterpenoids, erythrocassanoids A-E and erythro-norcassanoids A, B and two known clerodane diterpenes, 15-hydroxy-3-cleroden-2-one and methyl ester of 2-oxopopulifolic acid. Their structures were determined by 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS analysis. The antiviral activities of these compounds were evaluated. Among them, 15-hydroxy-3-cleroden-2-one and methyl ester of 2-oxopopulifolic acid showed antiviral activities against influenza virus and coxsackie virus with IC50 values ranging from 11.11 to 29.60 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shikai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuanggang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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13
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Wang M, Tan J, Chen J, Xie T, Lin LM, Zhong LL, Cai XJ, Wu QS. Three new ester glycosides with cytotoxic activity from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4409-4416. [PMID: 32272852 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1721488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three new ester glycosides, named as Caesateroside A (1), Caesateroside B (2) and Caesateroside C (3) were obtained from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. The new structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by analyzing their 1 D NMR, 2 D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds 1-3 showed weak-moderate cytotoxicity against Hela and HepG-2 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Genaral Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Liang-Mo Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Li-Li Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xing-Jun Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Genaral Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Qiong-Shi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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14
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Li CH, Zhang JY, Tuong TML, Liu Y, Hoang XN, Gao JM. Cassane Diterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Their Antifeedant and Insecticidal Activities against Mythimna separate and Plutella xylostella. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4227-4236. [PMID: 32191454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ten new cassane diterpenoids, caesalpulcherrins A-J (1-10), together with 11 known analogues (11-21) were isolated from the aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1-4 represent the first examples of 2,5-dimethoxyfuranocassane diterpenoids. Results of the antifeedant activity indicated that isovouacapenol C (12) and pulcherrin N (14) exhibited remarkable antifeedant activity against Mythimna separate with EC50 values of 3.43 and 4.20 μg/cm2, respectively. Meanwhile, pulcherrimin C (13) and 12-demethyl neocaesalpin F (18) exerted significant antifeedant activity against Plutella xylostella with an EC50 data of 4.00 and 3.05 μg/cm2, respectively. Some of the compounds showed obvious toxic activity against the plant-feeding generalist insect herbivores, M. separate and P. xylostella, at 0.8 mg/mL (800 ppm). Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships of antifeedant and insecticidal activities are also discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Huan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yao Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Thi Mai Luong Tuong
- Institute of Scientific Research and Technological Development, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong, Viet Nam
| | - Yao Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Nien Hoang
- Institute of Scientific Research and Technological Development, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong, Viet Nam
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang DS, Nie W, Jiang TT, Ding LF, Song LD, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Caesalpanins A-C, Three Dimeric Cassane Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Caesalpinia sappan L. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000103. [PMID: 32180346 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Three dimeric cassane diterpenoids, caesalpanins A-C, were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan L., as well as three known compounds. Their structures were determined via analysis of 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data. Caesalpanins A and B were the second and third compounds that presented a nitrogen-containing cassane diterpenoid dimer linked through one ether bond between C-19 and C-20'. Caesalpanin B exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 value of 29.98 μm. Caesalpanins A and B had weak inhibitory effects against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages at 50 μm with inhibitory rate of 36.01 % and 32.93 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Fen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Dong Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
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16
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Tajuddeen N, Van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malar J 2019; 18:404. [PMID: 31805944 PMCID: PMC6896759 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of effective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Fanie R Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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17
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Narula AK, Azad CS, Nainwal LM. New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Oh M, Park S, Song JH, Ko HJ, Kim SH. Chemical components from the twigs of Caesalpinia latisiliqua and their antiviral activity. J Nat Med 2019; 74:26-33. [PMID: 31243670 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three new compounds, (3S)-dihydrobonducellin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3',5'-dimethoxy-jezonolid (2), and latisilinoid (3), along with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the twigs of Caesalpinia latisiliqua (Leguminosae). The known compounds were identified as flavonoids, stilbenes, and phenolics as determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity in HRV1B-, CVB3-, and EV71-infected cells. Among the tested compounds, three flavonoids (4-6) and two stilbenes (12 and 14) exhibited significant antiviral activity. This is the first phytochemical investigation of C. latisiliqua twigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
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19
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Jing W, Zhang X, Zhou H, Wang Y, Yang M, Long L, Gao H. Naturally occurring cassane diterpenoids (CAs) of Caesalpinia: A systematic review of its biosynthesis, chemistry and pharmacology. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:226-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Wang Y, Hu B, Peng Y, Xiong X, Jing W, Wang J, Gao H. In Silico Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism of Cassane Diterpenoids on Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activity. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2309-2323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Peng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Jing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
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21
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YANG GX, MA GL, LI H, HUANG T, XIONG J, HU JF. Advanced natural products chemistry research in China between 2015 and 2017. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:881-906. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Qiao Y, Liu Y, Duan X, Chen C, Liu J, Zhu H, Xue Y, Zhang Y. A pair of epimeric cassane-type diterpenoids and a new labdane-type derivative from Caesalpinia decapetala. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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23
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Liu H, Zhu G, Fan Y, Du Y, Lan M, Xu Y, Zhu W. Natural Products Research in China From 2015 to 2016. Front Chem 2018; 6:45. [PMID: 29616210 PMCID: PMC5869933 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the literature published by chemists from China during the 2015-2016 on natural products (NPs), with 1,985 citations referring to 6,944 new compounds isolated from marine or terrestrial microorganisms, plants, and animals. The emphasis is on 730 new compounds with a novel skeleton or/and significant bioactivity, together with their source organism and country of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaqin Fan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Du
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Lan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yibo Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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24
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New Cassane Diterpenoids from Caesalpinia sappan and their Antiplasmodial Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101751. [PMID: 29039768 PMCID: PMC6151731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One new cassane diterpene possessing an unusual N bridge between C-19 and C-20 named caesalsappanin R (1), as well as another new diterpene caesalsappanin S (2), were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan with methanol extract. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and examined alongside existing data from prior studies. Their biological activities were profiled by their antiplasmodial activity.
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25
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Zhang LJ, Bi DW, Hu J, Mu WH, Li YP, Xia GH, Yang L, Li XN, Liang XS, Wang LQ. Four Hybrid Flavan-Chalcones, Caesalpinnone A Possessing a 10,11-Dioxatricyclic [5.3.3.0 1,6]Tridecane-Bridged System and Caesalpinflavans A-C from Caesalpinia enneaphylla. Org Lett 2017; 19:4315-4318. [PMID: 28777586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caesalpinnone A (1), an unprecedented hybrid of flavan and chalcone, possessing a 10,11-dioxatricyclic [5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-bridged system, and caesalpinflavans A-C (2-4), three new hybrid flavan-chalcones, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpinia enneaphylla. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Caesalpinnone A showed the highest cytotoxicity against the HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480 human tumor cell lines with an IC50 in the range of 0.54-0.87 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - De-Wen Bi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Jiangmiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ping Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Xia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Song Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qin Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
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Wu ZF, Bao H, Zhou FY, Liu JX, Meng FC, Feng L, Lu JJ, Zhang QW, Ye Y, Lin LG. Cytotoxic cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Talavera-Alemán A, Gómez-Hurtado MA, Río RED, Marrot J, Thomassigny C, Greck C. Epoxy lactones by photooxidative rearrangement of 6β-acetoxyvouacapane. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Islam MT. Diterpenes and Their Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Phytother Res 2017; 31:691-712. [PMID: 28370843 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As therapeutic tools, diterpenes and their derivatives have gained much attention of the medicinal scientists nowadays. It is due to their pledging and important biological activities. This review congregates the anticancer diterpenes. For this, a search was made with selected keywords in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society and miscellaneous databases from January 2012 to January 2017 for the published articles. A total 28, 789 published articles were seen. Among them, 240 were included in this study. More than 250 important anticancer diterpenes and their derivatives were seen in the databases, acting in the different pathways. Some of them are already under clinical trials, while others are in the nonclinical and/or pre-clinical trials. In conclusion, diterpenes may be one of the lead molecules in the treatment of cancer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Qiao Y, Xu Q, Hu Z, Li XN, Xiang M, Liu J, Huang J, Zhu H, Wang J, Luo Z, Xue Y, Zhang Y. Diterpenoids of the Cassane Type from Caesalpinia decapetala. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:3134-3142. [PMID: 27966950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen compounds, including eight new cassane-type furanoditerpenoids, 3β-hydroxyphanginin H (1), 3β-acetoxyphanginin H (2), 7β-acetoxyphanginin H (3), 7β-hydroxyphanginin H (4), 4-epi-3β-hydroxycaesalpinilinn (5), 4-epi-3β-acetoxycaesalpinilinn (6), 20-acetoxytaepeenin D (7), and tomocin E (8), along with 10 known compounds (9-18) were isolated from the roots of Caesalpinia decapetala. Compounds 1-13 were isolated from C. decapetala for the first time. The new compounds with their absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 7, and 11 exhibited inhibitory activities against the SW1990 human pancreatic cancer cell line with IC50 values ranging from 2.9 to 8.9 μM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Caesalpinia/chemistry
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Diterpenes/chemistry
- Diterpenes/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plant Roots/classification
- Seeds/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuben Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650204, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Xiao F, Tang CP, Ke CQ, Yao S, Ye Y. Rearranged diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xu X, Yuan J, Zhou X, Li W, Zhu N, Wu H, Li P, Sun Z, Yang J, Ma G. Cassane diterpenes with oxygen bridge from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bao H, Zhang LL, Liu QY, Feng L, Ye Y, Lu JJ, Lin LG. Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Cassane Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Caesalpinia sappan in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060791. [PMID: 27322234 PMCID: PMC6274183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical study on the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan led to the isolation of five new cassane diterpenoids, phanginins R‒T (1–3) and caesalsappanins M and N (4 and 5), together with seven known compounds 6–12. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRESIMS analyses. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 4 were determined by the corresponding CD spectra. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer A2780 and HEY, gastric cancer AGS, and non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Compound 1 displayed significant toxicity against the four cell lines with the IC50 values of 9.9 ± 1.6 µM, 12.2 ± 6.5 µM, 5.3 ± 1.9 µM, and 12.3 ± 3.1 µM, respectively. Compound 1 induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells. Furthermore, compound 1 dose-dependently induced A2780 cells apoptosis as evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining, Annexin V positive cells, the up-regulated cleaved-PARP and the enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. What’s more, compound 1 also promoted the expression of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. These findings indicate that cassane diterpenoids might have potential as anti-cancer agents, and further in vivo animal studies and structural modification investigation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Qian-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2015 is reviewed.
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