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Dočekal V, Koucký F, Císařová I, Veselý J. Organocatalytic desymmetrization provides access to planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3090. [PMID: 38600078 PMCID: PMC11006895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes consist of two functionalized benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges. These organic compounds have a wide range of applications in asymmetric synthesis, as both ligands and catalysts, and in materials science, as polymers, energy materials and dyes. However, these molecules can only be accessed by enantiomer separation via (a) time-consuming chiral separations and (b) kinetic resolution approaches, often with a limited substrate scope, yielding both enantiomers. Here, we report a simple, efficient, metal-free protocol for organocatalytic desymmetrization of prochiral diformyl[2.2]paracyclophanes. Our detailed experimental mechanistic study highlights differences in the origin of enantiocontrol of pseudo-para and pseudo-gem diformyl derivatives in NHC catalyzed desymmetrizations based on whether a key Breslow intermediate is irreversibly or reversibly formed in this process. This gram-scale reaction enables a wide range of follow-up derivatizations of carbonyl groups, producing various enantiomerically pure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives, thereby underscoring the potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Dočekal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Koucký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Veselý
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic.
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Zhao Y, Li X, Deng WH, Wu B, Liao RZ, Zhou YG. Dearomatization of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Derived N-Sulfonylimines through Cyclopropanation with Sulfur Ylides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:321-329. [PMID: 38086000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented dearomatization of [2.2]paracyclophane-derived cyclic N-sulfonylimines was conducted through cyclopropanation with sulfur ylides, giving a series of dearomative cyclopropanes with good yields. DFT calculations suggested that the dearomatization was attributed to the relatively weak aromaticity of [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives that resulted from the effect of the unique [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton and the electron-withdrawing N-sulfonyl group. Some downstream elaborations of the products were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
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Huo SC, Indurmuddam RR, Hong BC, Lu CF, Chien SY. The hamburger-shape photocatalyst: thioxanthone-based chiral [2.2]paracyclophane for enantioselective visible-light photocatalysis of 3-methylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one and styrenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9330-9336. [PMID: 37987508 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A new thioxanthone-based photocatalyst with a [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton and planar chirality has been developed. The catalyst has been successfully applied in the visible light-mediated enantioselective aza Paternò-Büchi reactions of quinoxalinone and styrenes to produce azetidines. The structures of the catalyst derivatives were unequivocally determined by their single crystal X-ray crystallography analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chih Huo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | | | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Fu Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Yu S, Bao H, Zhang D, Yang X. Kinetic resolution of substituted amido[2.2]paracyclophanes via asymmetric electrophilic amination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5239. [PMID: 37640717 PMCID: PMC10462673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives are a type of structurally intriguing and practically useful chiral molecules, which have found a range of important applications in the field of asymmetric catalysis and material science. However, access to enantioenriched [2.2]paracyclophanes represents a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis due to their unique structures, which are still highly dependent on the chiral chromatography separation technique and classical chemical resolution strategy to date. In this work, we report on an efficient and versatile kinetic resolution protocol for various substituted amido[2.2]paracyclophanes, including those with pseudo-geminal, pseudo-ortho, pseudo-meta and pseudo-para disubstitutions, using chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric amination reaction, which was also applicable to the enantioselective desymmetrization of an achiral diamido[2.2]paracyclophane. Detailed experimental studies shed light on a new reaction mechanism for the electrophilic aromatic C-H amination, which proceeded through sequential triazane formation and N[1,5]-rearrangement. The facile large-scale kinetic resolution reaction and diverse derivatizations of both the recovered chiral starting materials and the C-H amination products showcased the potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoze Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hanyang Bao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Catalyst-free Direct Ring-opening of Cyclic Aldimines with Aliphatic Primary Amines to Construct o-Hydroxy Schiff Bases. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative C–H functionalization of cyclic aldimines with aliphatic carboxylic acids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhao Y, Ding YX, Wu B, Zhou YG. Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation for Kinetic Resolution of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Derived Cyclic N-Sulfonylimines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10788-10798. [PMID: 34264081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation for kinetic resolution of [2.2]paracyclophane-derived cyclic N-sulfonylimines was successfully developed. High selectivity factors were observed in most cases (s up to 89), providing the recovered materials and hydrogenation products in good yields with high levels of enantiopurity. The recovered materials and hydrogenation products are useful synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Felder S, Wu S, Brom J, Micouin L, Benedetti E. Enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes: Synthesis and applications in asymmetric organocatalysis. Chirality 2021; 33:506-527. [PMID: 34302702 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This short review focuses on enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes (pCps), a fascinating class of molecules that possess an unusual three-dimensional core and intriguing physicochemical properties. In the first part of the review, different synthetic strategies for preparing optically active pCps are described. Although classical resolution methods based on the synthesis and separation of diastereoisomeric products still dominate the field, recent advances involving the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds and the desymmetrization of meso derivatives open up new possibilities to access enantiopure key intermediates on synthetically useful scales. Due to their advantageous properties including high configurational and chemical stability, [2.2]paracyclophanes are increasingly employed in various research fields, ranging from stereoselective synthesis to material sciences. The applications of [2.2]paracyclophanes in asymmetric organocatalysis are described in the second part of the review. While historically enantiopure pCps have been mainly employed by organic chemists as chiral ligands in transition-metal catalysis, these compounds can also be used as efficient catalysts in metal-free reactions and may inspire the development of new transformations in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Felder
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jules Brom
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erica Benedetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Liu X, Wang J, Wu Z, Li F, Gao K, Peng F, Wang J, Shen R, Zhou Y, Liu L. An organophotoredox-catalyzed C(sp 2)-N cross coupling reaction of cyclic aldimines with cyclic aliphatic amines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3595-3600. [PMID: 33908576 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An organophotocatalyzed C(sp2)-H/N-H cross-dehydrogenative coupling of cyclic aldimines with aliphatic amines has been developed, which represents the first example of visible-light-induced C-H amination of N-sulfonylated imines. This methodology enables the streamline assembly of amine derivatives via radical mediated C-N bond formation. The current protocol features transition-metal-free, mild conditions, good functional group tolerance and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
| | - Kexin Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
| | - Fanyang Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
| | - Junjie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
| | - Renzeng Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
| | - Yao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China.
| | - Lantao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China. and Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
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