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Raman APS, Aslam M, Awasthi A, Ansari A, Jain P, Lal K, Bahadur I, Singh P, Kumari K. An updated review on 1,2,3-/1,2,4-triazoles: synthesis and diverse range of biological potential. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10858-0. [PMID: 39066993 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of triazoles has attracted a lot of interest in the field of organic chemistry because of its versatile chemical characteristics and possible biological uses. This review offers an extensive overview of the different pathways used in the production of triazoles. A detailed analysis of recent research indicates that triazole compounds have a potential range of pharmacological activities, including the ability to inhibit enzymes, and have antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal activities. The integration of computational and experimental methods provides a thorough understanding of the structure-activity connection, promoting sensible drug design and optimization. By including triazoles as essential components in drug discovery, researchers can further explore and innovate in the synthesis, biological assessment, and computational studies of triazoles as drugs, exploring the potential therapeutic significance of triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Pratap Singh Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Mohd Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Amardeep Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, North western University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anas Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, North western University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2745, South Africa
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhu T, Lin Y, Wei X, Xie X, Lin R, Zhang Z, Fang W, Zhang JJ, Zhang Y, Hu MY, Cai L, Chen Z. Organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of ketone-derived dihydroquinazolinones via C(sp 3)-C bond and C(sp 3)-F bond cleavage. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5561-5568. [PMID: 38916128 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of both acyclic and cyclic ketone derivatives with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been demonstrated, thus giving access to a diverse set of gem-difluoroalkenes in moderate to high yields. Pro-aromatic dihydroquinazolinones can be either pre-formed or in situ generated for ketone activation. This reaction is characterized by readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this reaction has been highlighted by the late-stage modification of several natural products and drug-like molecules as well as the in vitro antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Tianshuai Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yuqian Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Xian Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Ruofan Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng-Yang Hu
- DreamChem (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 4, Haitai Development 2nd Road, Binhai High-tech Zone, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Lingchao Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
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3
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Gu J, Li X, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Li L, Meng J, Xing R, Shi X, Fu Y, Wang L, Guo R. K 2CO 3-Catalyzed (3 + 2) Cycloaddition Reaction of N-2,2,2-Trifluoroethylisatin Ketimines with Azodicarboxylates: Access to Spirooxindoles Containing Trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazolines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2364-2374. [PMID: 38325879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Potassium carbonate-catalyzed (3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction between N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines and azodicarboxylates has been developed, constructing a series of novel N-heterocycle infused spirooxindoles in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) under milder conditions. The presence of both biologically active oxindole and trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoline moieties in these novel spirocyclic compounds would provide new lead structures in the discovery of heterocyclic compounds with potential pharmaceutical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Yabo Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Zenghui Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Jing Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P. R. China
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Ait Lahcen M, Adardour M, Mortada S, Oubahmane M, Hmaimou S, Loughzail M, Hdoufane I, Lahmidi S, Faouzi MEA, Cherqaoui D, Mague JT, Baouid A. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray, α-glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking study of new triazolic systems based on 1,5-benzodiazepine via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1985-1998. [PMID: 37098807 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2203263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
We report in this work a synthesis of novel triazolo[1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N-aryl-C-ethoxycarbonylnitrilimines with 1,5-benzodiazepines. All the structures of the new compounds were determined from their NMR (1H and 13C) and HRMS. Then, X-ray crystallography analysis of compound 4d confirmed the stereochemistry of cycloadducts. The compounds 1, 4a-d, 5a-d, 6c, 7 and 8 were evaluated for their in vitro anti-diabetic activity against α-glucosidase. The compounds 1, 4d, 5a and 5b showed potential inhibitory activities compared to standard acarbose. Additionally, an in silico docking study was conducted to look into the active binding mode of the synthesized compounds within the target enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Ait Lahcen
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Adardour
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Salma Mortada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Oubahmane
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Samir Hmaimou
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Loughzail
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ismail Hdoufane
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Sanae Lahmidi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Hétérocyclique, Centre de Recherche des Sciences des Médicaments, Pôle de Compétences Pharmacochimie, URAC 21, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Driss Cherqaoui
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Abdesselam Baouid
- Molecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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5
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Wei X, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ, Fang W, Chen Z. Solvent-Controllable C-F Bond Activation for Masked Formylation of α-Trifluoromethyl Alkenes via Organo-Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:624-632. [PMID: 38115588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-controllable organo-photoredox-catalyzed C-F bond activation for masked formylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with low-priced 1,3-dioxolane as masked formyl radical equivalent has been described. Consequently, a diversity of masked formylated gem-difluoroalkenes and monofluoroalkenes are constructed in moderate to high yields. This approach merits readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this approach has been highlighted by the one-pot masked formylation/hydrolysis sequence to form γ,γ-difluoroallylic aldehydes and late-stage modification of pharmaceutical and natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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6
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Dongxu Z. Trifluoromethylated hydrazones and acylhydrazones as potent nitrogen-containing fluorinated building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1741-1754. [PMID: 38025086 PMCID: PMC10667715 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing organofluorine derivatives, which are prepared using fluorinated building blocks, are among the most important active fragments in various pharmaceutical and agrochemical products. This review focuses on the reactivity, synthesis, and applications of fluoromethylated hydrazones and acylhydrazones. It summarizes recent methodologies that have been used for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Dongxu
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, P. R. of China
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7
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Cen K, Wei J, Feng Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Yin Y, Yu J, Wang D, Cai J. Synthesis of fused 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via base-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitrile imines and 1 H-benzo[ d]imidazole-2-thiols. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7095-7099. [PMID: 37622281 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a strategy for the facile assembly of fused 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles, which are difficult to synthesize using traditional strategies, in 50-96% yields through a triethylamine-promoted intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition pathway. This protocol features high efficiency, good functional group tolerance, mild conditions, and easy operation. Furthermore, a gram-scale reaction and product derivatizations were carried out smoothly to illustrate the practicability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Cen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiahao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Feng
- Chuanshan College University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Chuanshan College University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Chuanshan College University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yangyu Liu
- Chuanshan College University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yalin Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Junhong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Dahan Wang
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422100, Hunan, China.
| | - Jinhui Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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Kowalczyk A, Świątek K, Celeda M, Utecht-Jarzyńska G, Jaskulska A, Gach-Janczak K, Jasiński M. Trifluoromethylated 4,5-Dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1 H)-ones via (3+3)-Annulation of Nitrile Imines with α-Amino Esters. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:856. [PMID: 36676595 PMCID: PMC9864844 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two series of monocyclic and bicyclic trifluoromethylated 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one derivatives based on (3+3)-annulation of methyl esters derived from natural α-amino acids with in situ generated trifluoroacetonitrile imines has been described. The devised protocol is characterized by a wide scope, easily accessible substrates, remarkable functional group tolerance, and high chemical yield. In reactions with chiral starting materials, no racemization at the stereogenic centers was observed and the respective enantiomerically pure products were obtained. Selected functional group interconversions carried out under catalytic hydrogenation and mild PTC oxidation conditions were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalczyk
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Świątek
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Celeda
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Greta Utecht-Jarzyńska
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Jaskulska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gach-Janczak
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Jasiński
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated 1,4-Diarylpyrazoles via MnO 2-Mediated Mechanochemical Deacylative Oxidation of 5-Acylpyrazolines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238446. [PMID: 36500541 PMCID: PMC9736116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free two-step synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrazoles under ball-milling mechanochemical conditions was developed. The protocol comprises (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile imines and chalcones, followed by oxidation of the initially formed 5-acylpyrazolines with activated MnO2. The second step proceeds via an exclusive deacylative pathway, to give a series of 1,4-diarylpyrazoles functionalized with a fluorinated (CF3) or non-fluorinated (Ph, COOEt, Ac) substituent at C(3) of the heterocyclic ring. In contrast, MnO2-mediated oxidation of a model isomeric 4-acylpyrazoline proceeded with low chemoselectivity, leading to fully substituted pyrazole as a major product formed via dehydrogenative aromatization. The presented approach extends the scope of the known methods carried out in organic solvents and enables the preparation of polyfunctionalized pyrazoles, which are of general interest in medicine and material sciences.
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