1
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Mandal PK, Patel S, Katukojvala S. Enal-azomethine ylides: application in the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5734-5738. [PMID: 38953694 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of diazoenals and N-alkyl imines resulted in N-alkyl-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde derivatives. The reaction involves thermal 6π-electrocyclization and aromatization of a new class of enal-azomethine ylides (EAYs). The EAYs derived from dihydroisoquinoline and 2H-azirine gave fused-pyrrole and pyridine derivatives, respectively. The synthetic importance of pyrrole products has been demonstrated by one-step synthesis of the biologically relevant pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline scaffold as well as pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline which is a core structure of lamellarin alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066 India.
| | - Sandeep Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066 India.
| | - Sreenivas Katukojvala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066 India.
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2
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Jena S, Chanda K. Copper Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocyclic Molecules via C-N and C-O Bond Formation under Microwaves: A Mini-Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23240-23256. [PMID: 37426233 PMCID: PMC10324070 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic moieties play a significant role in the field of drug discovery. C-N and C-O bond formation reactions are the primary synthetic sequence for the generation of heterocyclic molecules. The generation of C-N and C-O bonds involves the use of mostly Pd or Cu catalysts although other transition metal catalyst's are also involved. However, in C-N and C-O bond formation reactions, several problems were faced such as catalytic systems containing costly ligands, lack of substrate scope, lots of waste generation, and high temperature conditions. So it is imperative to uncover new eco-friendly synthetic strategies. In view of enormous drawbacks, it is important to develop an alternate microwave-assisted synthesis of heterocycles via C-N and C-O bond formation, which provides a short reaction time, tolerance for functional groups, and less waste production. Numerous chemical reactions have been accelerated using microwave irradiation which provides a cleaner reaction profile, lower energy consumption, and higher yields. This review article highlights a comprehensive overview on the potential application of microwave assisted synthetic routes for the synthesis of diverse heterocycles via mechanistic pathways covering the year ranges from 2014 to 2023, along with possible biological interests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu India
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3
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Abonia R, Insuasty D, Laali KK. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Propargyl Derivatives, and Their Application as Synthetic Intermediates and Building Blocks. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083379. [PMID: 37110613 PMCID: PMC10146578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The propargyl group is a highly versatile moiety whose introduction into small-molecule building blocks opens up new synthetic pathways for further elaboration. The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in both the synthesis of propargylation agents and their application in the synthesis and functionalization of more elaborate/complex building blocks and intermediates. The goal of this review is to highlight these exciting advances and to underscore their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Abonia
- Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali A.A. 25360, Colombia
| | - Daniel Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Kenneth K Laali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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4
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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5
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Cui HL, Chen XH. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines through Cu-Catalyzed Condensation/Addition/Oxidation/Cyclization Cascade. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15435-15447. [PMID: 36315447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines with terminal alkynes, aldehydes, and tetrahydroisoquinolines. A variety of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines have been prepared in 17-69% yield via a condensation/Mannich-type addition/oxidation/cyclization cascade sequence. Modifications through simple chemical transformations provided highly functionalized molecules containing a privileged framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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6
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Gülbenek C, Yıldırım M, Yıldırım A. Microwave-mediated approach to highly substituted nitropyrimidines via double Mannich reactions and their biological properties. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Gharpure SJ, Kumari S. Protecting Group-Dependent Synthesis of Densely Substituted Dihydropyrroles v/s Pyrroles via 5 -Exo-trig Cascade Radical Cyclization to Alkynyl Vinylogous Carbamates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6781-6793. [PMID: 35544612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Densely substituted dihydropyrroles could be synthesized with excellent diastereoselectivity via 5-exo-trig cascade radical cyclization to alkynyl vinylogous carbamates. N-Alkyl/acyl protected alkynyl vinylogous carbamates upon radical cyclization using thiophenol gave substituted pyrroles as against dihydropyrroles, which were formed with N-sulfonyl protecting groups. This enabled a rare example wherein both dihydropyrrole and pyrrole rings are assembled in the same reaction. This strategy could be used for the synthesis of an unprecedented adjacent polyheterocyclic system having a furan-thiophene-pyrrole motif. When vinylogous carbamate is embedded in the isoindole moiety, a pyridoisoindole derivative was formed with excellent diastereoselectivity, instead of the expected pyrroloisoindole product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanyog Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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8
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Tang P, Wen L, Ma HJ, Yang Y, Jiang Y. Synthesis of acyloxy-2 H-azirine and sulfonyloxy-2 H-azirine derivatives via a one-pot reaction of β-enamino esters, PIDA and carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3061-3066. [PMID: 35344576 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PIDA mediated oxidative acyloxylation/azirination and sulfonyloxylation/azirination of β-enamino esters were investigated. A series of functionalized acyloxy-2H-azirine and sulfonyloxy-2H-azirine derivatives was synthesized in moderate to good yields. This represents the first oxidative sulfonyloxylation/azirination of β-enamino esters with PIDA and sulfonic acid for access to sulfonyloxy-2H-azirine. Hypervalent iodine reagents enable cascade C-O/C-N bond formation. Furthermore, a possible reaction pathway was proposed based on the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Long Wen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Hao-Jie Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
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9
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Li W, Shi R, Chen S, Zhang X, Peng W, Chen S, Li J, Xu XM, Zhu YP, Wang X. Synthesis of Diverse Pentasubstituted Pyrroles by a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Rearrangement-Cyclization of Tertiary Enamide. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3014-3024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Sen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuesi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Iron-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates with enaminones toward functionalized pyridines. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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11
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Chen Z, Shi G, Tang W, Sun J, Wang W. Electrochemical Oxidative Cyclization: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrrole from Enamines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Guang Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
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12
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Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions furnishing carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–heteroatom (C–X) bond is one of the most challenging tasks in organic syntheses. The early developed reaction protocols by Ullmann, Ullman–Goldberg, Cadiot–Chodkiewicz, Castro–Stephens, and Corey–House, utilizing elemental copper or its salts as catalyst have, for decades, attracted and inspired scientists. However, these reactions were suffering from the range of functional groups tolerated as well as severely restricted by the harsh reaction conditions often required high temperatures (150–200 °C) for extended reaction time. Enormous efforts have been paid to develop and achieve more sustainable reaction conditions by applying the microwave irradiation. The use of controlled microwave heating dramatically reduces the time required and therefore resulting in increase in the yield as well as the efficiency of the reaction. This review is mainly focuses on the recent advances and applications of copper catalyzed cross-coupling generation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond under microwave technology.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Li S. Progress in Cyclizations of 4‐Acetylenic Ketones: Synthesis of Furans and Pyrroles. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Wang
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial BioengineeringJilin Engineering Normal University Kaixuan Road, No.3050. Changchun 130052 China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial BioengineeringJilin Engineering Normal University Kaixuan Road, No.3050. Changchun 130052 China
| | - Shizhe Li
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial BioengineeringJilin Engineering Normal University Kaixuan Road, No.3050. Changchun 130052 China
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14
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Golantsov NE, Golubenkova AS, Festa AA, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG. A Domino Route toward Polysubstituted Pyrroles from 2-Imidazolines and Electron-Deficient Alkynes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4726-4731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita E. Golantsov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Golubenkova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
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15
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Tashrifi Z, Mohammadi Khanaposhtani M, Biglar M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Recent Advances in Alkyne Hydroamination as a Powerful Tool for the Construction of C−N Bonds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tashrifi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
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16
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed and Metal‐Free Cyclization Reactions of Alkynes with Nitrogen‐Containing Substrates: Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose S. S. Neto
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese Reatividade Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNEUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
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17
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Henary M, Kananda C, Rotolo L, Savino B, Owens EA, Cravotto G. Benefits and applications of microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14170-14197. [PMID: 35498463 PMCID: PMC9051880 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen containing heterocycles are of immense research interest because they are often found as naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
| | - Carl Kananda
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Laura Rotolo
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS – Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces
| | - Brian Savino
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Eric A. Owens
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS – Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
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18
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Soni JP, Chemitikanti KS, Joshi SV, Shankaraiah N. The microwave-assisted syntheses and applications of non-fused single-nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9737-9761. [PMID: 33211792 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microwave technology has emerged as a great tool for the efficient synthesis of organic compounds and it provides opportunities for chemists to achieve chemical transformations that tend to be challenging using classical approaches. Additionally, N-heterocycles are well-known for their medicinal/biological significance, along with their applications as excellent building blocks in chemical synthesis. The dominance of N-heterocycles in drug molecules and other pharmacological agents makes them attractive scaffolds, which encourages chemists to develop a wide range of strategies towards the greener synthesis and functionalization of these heterocycles. In this regard, we have collated and discussed literature relating to the microwave-assisted synthesis and the modification of non-(benzo)fused single-nitrogen-containing N-heterocycles from the past decade. The role of the microwave technique and its benefits over the conventional approach have also been emphasized in terms of overall reaction efficiency, reaction time, yield, reduced side-product generation, neat and clean reactions, chemo-/regio-/enantio-selectivity, and the use of mild reagents/reaction conditions to achieve the objectives of green and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad - 500037, India.
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19
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Liu P, Yang M, Gong Y, Yu Y, Zhao YL. Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization Reaction of Enamines and Electron-Deficient Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrido[1,2-a]indoles. Org Lett 2019; 22:36-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yue Gong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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20
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Yang Z, Liang Y, Li A, Liu K, Li L, Yang T, Zhou C. One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Acyl-1,2,3-Thiadiazoles from Enaminones, Tosylhydrazine, and Elemental Sulfur under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16262-16267. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yemei Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - An Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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21
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Zhu JN, Wang WK, Jin ZH, Wang QK, Zhao SY. Pyrrolo[3,4- c]pyrazole Synthesis via Copper(Ι) Chloride-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Hydrazones to Maleimides. Org Lett 2019; 21:5046-5050. [PMID: 31247786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A variety of pyrrolo[3,4- c]pyrazole derivatives from readily available aldehyde hydrazones and maleimides via direct oxidative coupling under radical cascade reaction have been reported. This method offers satisfactory chemical yields and good functional group compatibility. Moreover, this practical approach is catalyzed by CuCl utilizing air as the oxidant and some control experiments were performed to elaborate the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Hui Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Kun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhang J, Liao Z, Chen L, Jiang H, Zhu S. Construction of polycyclic bridged indene derivatives by a tandem 1,3-rearrangement/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization of propargyl acetates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7382-7385. [PMID: 31173008 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03715b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Lewis acid-catalyzed cascade 1,3-rearrangement/Friedel-Crafts cyclization of propargyl acetates is developed for the construction of polycyclic bridged indene derivatives in moderate to good yields. This practical procedure features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and easy operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
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23
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Li L, Chen Q, Xiong X, Zhang C, Qian J, Shi J, An Q, Zhang M. Synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles via a gold(I)-catalyzed tandem three-component reaction at room temperature. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Ma X, Liu L, Wang J, Xi X, Xie X, Wang H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Annulation of α-Imino Carbenes with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: Construction of Multisubstituted 2,3-Dihydropyrrole/pyrrole Rings. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14518-14526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueji Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xianglin Xi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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25
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Tsuchida K, Yuki M, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Copper- and Borinic Acid-catalyzed Propargylic Etherification of Propargylic Carbonates with Benzyl Alcohols. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuchida
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yuki
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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26
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Synthesis of Cu 2 O/Ag nanocomposite and their catalytic application for the one pot synthesis of substituted pyrroles. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Andreou D, Kallitsakis MG, Loukopoulos E, Gabriel C, Kostakis GE, Lykakis IN. Copper-Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles from Aldehydes, Amines, and Nitroalkenes via 1,2-Phenyl/Alkyl Migration. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2104-2113. [PMID: 29355321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The facile copper-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from aldehydes, amines, and β-nitroalkenes is reported. Remarkably, the use of α-methyl-substituted aldehydes provides efficient access to a series of tetra- and pentasubstituted pyrroles via an overwhelming 1,2-phenyl/alkyl migration. The present methodology is also accessible to non α-substituted aldehydes, yielding the corresponding trisubstituted pyrroles. On the contrary, the use of ketones, in place of aldehydes, does not promote the organic transformation, signifying the necessity of α-substituted aldehydes. The reaction proceeds under mild catalytic conditions with low catalyst loading (0.3-1 mol %), a broad scope, very good functional-group tolerance, and high yields and can be easily scaled up to more than 3 mmol of product, thus highlighting a useful synthetic application of the present catalytic protocol. Based on formal kinetic studies, a possible radical pathway is proposed that involves the formation of an allylic nitrogen radical intermediate, which in turn reacts with the nitroalkene to yield the desired pyrrole framework via a radical 1,2-phenyl or alkyl migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward Loukopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex , Brighton BN19QJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - George E Kostakis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex , Brighton BN19QJ, United Kingdom
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28
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Kishii N, Shimadu M, Maruyama S, Tou S, Sasaki I, Sugimura H. Synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrroles bearing C-2 α-azido side-chains and displacement of the α-azido group by various nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Cui HL, Deng HQ, Lei JJ. Metal-free one-pot synthesis of benzofurans with ynones and quinones through aza-Michael/Michael/annulation sequence. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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30
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Simha Pulla R, Ummadi N, Gudi Y, Venkatapuram P, Adivireddy P. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 3,4-Disubstituted Pyrroles and Pyrazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Simha Pulla
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517 502 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Nagarjuna Ummadi
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517 502 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Yamini Gudi
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517 502 Andhra Pradesh India
| | | | - Padmaja Adivireddy
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517 502 Andhra Pradesh India
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31
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Narboni N, El Kaim L. Passerini/Tsuji-Trost Strategy towards Pyrrole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noisette Narboni
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique; CNRS; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSTA ParisTech - UMR 7652; Université Paris-Saclay; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Laurent El Kaim
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique; CNRS; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSTA ParisTech - UMR 7652; Université Paris-Saclay; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
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32
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Cui HL, Peng LJ, Zhou HL, You XL, Jiang XJ. Stereoselective synthesis of enamino ketones through an aza-Michael/hydrolysis cascade reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5121-5125. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized (Z)-β-enamino ketones have been prepared from readily available 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline imines and ynones through an aza-Michael/hydrolysis cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie Peng
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhou
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin You
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Jiang
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P.R. China
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33
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Tang X, Yang MC, Ye C, Liu L, Zhou HL, Jiang XJ, You XL, Han B, Cui HL. Catalyst-free [3 + 2] cyclization of imines and Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates: a general route to tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient catalyst-free [3 + 2] cyclization of isoquinoline imines and Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
| | - Ming-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
| | - Cui Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
| | - Hai-Lin Zhou
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Yongchuan
- P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Jiang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Yongchuan
- P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin You
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Yongchuan
- P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Yongchuan
- P.R. China
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34
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Tan XM, Lai QM, Yang ZW, Long X, Zhou HL, You XL, Jiang XJ, Cui HL. La(OTf)3 catalyzed synthesis of α-aryl tetrasubstituted pyrroles through [4+1] annulation under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Gao Y, Hu C, Wan JP, Wen C. Metal-free cascade reactions of aldehydes and primary amines for the synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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36
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Pal S, Choudhary D, Jainth M, Kumar S, Tiwari RK, Verma AK. Regio- and Stereoselective Domino Synthesis of Oxazolo Fused Pyridoindoles and Benzofurooxazolo Pyridines from ortho-Alkynylarylaldehydes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9356-9371. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Pal
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Deepak Choudhary
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohit Jainth
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, 9401
Jeronimo Road, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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37
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Zhang X, Xu X, Chen G, Yi W. Regioselective Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Pyrroles via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Three-Component Cascade Reactions of Amines, Alkyne Esters, and Alkenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:4864-4867. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Gong Chen
- China Gateway Pharmaceutical
Development Company, Limited, Shanghai 201417, China
| | - Wei Yi
- VARI/SIMM
Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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38
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Wang Y, Jiang CM, Li HL, He FS, Luo X, Deng WP. Regioselective Iodine-Catalyzed Construction of Polysubstituted Pyrroles from Allenes and Enamines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8653-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chen-Min Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fu-Sheng He
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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39
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Zhou NN, Zhu HT, Yang DS, Guan ZH. Recent developments in the group-1B-metal-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7136-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroles are important synthetic targets as a result of their occurrence in numerous biologically active molecules, their important roles in diverse living processes, and their utility as versatile intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Zhou
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry
- Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
- Baoji 721013
- China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhu
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry
- Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
- Baoji 721013
- China
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
| | - De-Suo Yang
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry
- Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
- Baoji 721013
- China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
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