1
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Li Z, Tate JA, Noble A. Aldehyde-Olefin Couplings Via Sulfoxylate-Mediated Oxidative Generation of Ketyl Radical Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26616-26621. [PMID: 39303271 PMCID: PMC11450749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Ketyl radicals are valuable reactive intermediates because they allow carbonyl chemistry to be extended beyond traditional electrophilic reactivity through simple single-electron reduction to a nucleophilic radical. However, this pathway is challenging due to the large negative reduction potentials of carbonyls, thus requiring highly reducing conditions. Herein, we describe the development of an alternative strategy to access ketyl radicals from aldehydes, which avoids the reduction pathway by instead proceeding via single-electron oxidation and desulfination of α-hydroxy sulfinates. These redox-active aldehyde adducts are generated in situ through the addition of sulfoxylate (SO22-) to aldehydes and possess low oxidation potentials, thereby facilitating ketyl radical formation and circumventing the need for strongly reducing conditions. We demonstrate the application of this sulfoxylate-mediated ketyl radical formation in ketyl-olefin coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Li
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Joseph A. Tate
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Adam Noble
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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2
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Luo Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Luo M, Zeng X. Mild ketyl radical generation and coupling with alkynes enabled by Cr catalysis: stereoselective access to E-exocyclic allyl alcohols. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11428-11434. [PMID: 39054998 PMCID: PMC11268464 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mild catalytic generation of ketyl radicals for organic transformations remains an unsolved issue, although it facilitates the discovery of metal-catalyzed reactions with the features of high functional group tolerance. Here, we report the generation of the ketyl radicals and coupling with alkynes that was enabled by cost-effective chromium catalysis, allowing for the formation of valuable E-exocyclic allyl alcohols with high stereo- and chemoselectivity. A broad range of synthetically useful functional groups that are sensitive to strong reductants are compatible with the catalytic system, providing access to diverse substituted E-exocyclic allyl alcohols under mild conditions. Appended hydroxyl groups in products are facilely late-stage functionalized in accessing numerous derivatives, as well as the enantio-enrichment of exocyclic allyl alcohol using chiral ligands. Mechanistic studies suggest that bipyridine-ligated Cr(ii) complex serves as a reactive catalyst enabling the generation of the ketyl radical for coupling, giving vinyl radical, followed by the combination of Cr and transmetalation with Cp2ZrCl moiety in affording oxazirconiumacycle. This reaction provides a new opportunity for the mild formation of transient ketyl radicals from widely accessible aliphatic aldehydes for coupling with Earth-abundant metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zaiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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3
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Jo J, Kim S, Park S, Kim S, Lee S, Choi JH, Chung WJ. Study on Pyridine-Boryl Radical-Promoted, Ketyl Radical-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8985-9000. [PMID: 38861548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Ketyl radicals are synthetically versatile reactive species, but their applications have been hampered by harsh generation conditions employing highly reducing metals. Recently, the pyridine-boryl radical received wide attention as a promising organic reductant because of its mildness as well as convenience in handling. While probing the utility of the pyridine-boryl radical, our group observed facile pinacol coupling reactivity that had not been known at that time. This serendipitous finding was successfully rendered into a practical synthesis of tetraaryl-1,2-diols in up to 99% yield within 1 h. Subsequently, upon examinations of various reaction manifolds, a diastereoselective ketyl-olefin cyclization was accomplished to produce cycloalkanols such as trans-2-alkyl-1-indanols. Compared to the previous methods, the stereocontrolling ability was considerably enhanced by taking advantage of the structurally modifiable boryl group that would be present near the bond-forming site. In this full account, our synthetic efforts with the O-boryl ketyl radicals are disclosed in detail, covering the discovery, optimization, scope expansion, and mechanistic analysis, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Jo
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim S, Jo J, Lee S, Chung WJ. Stereochemical modulation of ketyl radical cyclization enabled by pyridine-boryl radicals: catalytic diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2-alkyl-1-indanols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11983-11986. [PMID: 37727049 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Previously available ketyl radical cyclization conditions suffer from low and uncontrollable diastereoselectivity because of the absence of reagent-substrate interactions. In this report, stereochemical modulation was accomplished by taking advantage of the pyridine-boryl radical, which leaves the synthetically modifiable boronate moiety on the carbonyl oxygen near the reacting center during the stereo-determining cyclization step. In consequence, a catalytic diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2-substituted-1-indanols was achieved in the presence of a sterically congested six-membered diboronic ester and an efficient hydrogen atom donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junhyuk Jo
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Dang VQ, Teets TS. Reductive photoredox transformations of carbonyl derivatives enabled by strongly reducing photosensitizers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9526-9532. [PMID: 37712019 PMCID: PMC10498680 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03000h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis is well-established as a powerful and versatile organic synthesis strategy. However, some substrate classes, despite being attractive precursors, are recalcitrant to single-electron redox chemistry and thus not very amenable to photoredox approaches. Among these are carbonyl derivatives, e.g. ketones, aldehydes, and imines, which in most cases require Lewis or Brønsted acidic additives to activate via photoinduced electron transfer. In this work, we unveil a range of photoredox transformations on ketones and imines, enabled by strongly reducing photosensitizers and operating under simple, general conditions with a single sacrificial reductant and no additives. Specific reactions described here are umpolung C-C bond forming reactions between aromatic ketones or imines and electron-poor alkenes, imino-pinacol homocoupling reactions of challenging alkyl-aryl imine substrates, and γ-lactonization reactions of aromatic ketones with methyl acrylate. The reactions are all initiated by photoinduced electron transfer to form a ketyl or iminyl that is subsequently trapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Q Dang
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Thomas S Teets
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
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6
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Tang N, Zachmann RJ, Xie H, Zheng J, Breit B. Visible-light induced metal-free intramolecular reductive cyclisations of ketones with alkynes and allenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2122-2125. [PMID: 36723349 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06972e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced, intramolecular, reductive cyclisation of ketones with an unsaturated hydrocarbon moiety was developed. In contrast to conventional protocols requiring resource precious or hazardous metal sources, this method enables facile access to ketyl radicals under metal-free and mild reaction conditions. By polarity-reversed, ketyl radical hydroalkoxylation of alkynes and allenes, a variety of five-membered (hetero-)cyclic products were generated in good yields with good to excellent stereoselectivities. The embedded homoallylic tertiary alcohol could be transformed into other useful functionalities, highlighting the synthetic utility of this reaction. This efficient and sustainable ketyl-alkyne/allene cross coupling also features broad functional group tolerance and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany.
| | - Raphael J Zachmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany.
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany.
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany.
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7
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Liu YT, Fan YH, Mei Y, Li DJ, Jiang Y, Yu WH, Pan F. Chromium-Catalyzed Defluorinative Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes with gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:549-554. [PMID: 36637443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mild and convenient defluorinative reductive cross coupling of gem-difluoroalkenes with aliphatic aldehydes has been developed to afford diverse silyl-protected β-fluorinated allylic alcohols. The reaction is operationally simple and shows good functional group tolerance with moderate to excellent yields. The utility of this method is demonstrated by converting the products into various bioactive fluorinated compounds, showing its potential applications in drug discovery and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Mei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhu C, Lee S, Chen H, Yue H, Rueping M. Reductive Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxy Halides Enabled by Thermal Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, or Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204212. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shao‐Chi Lee
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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9
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Zhu C, Lee S, Chen H, Yue H, Rueping M. Reductive Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxy Halides Enabled by Thermal Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, or Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shao‐Chi Lee
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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10
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Bellotti P, Huang HM, Faber T, Laskar R, Glorius F. Catalytic defluorinative ketyl-olefin coupling by halogen-atom transfer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7855-7862. [PMID: 35865891 PMCID: PMC9258324 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketyl-olefin coupling reactions stand as one of the fundamental chemical transformations in synthetic chemistry and have been widely employed in the generation of complex molecular architectures and natural product synthesis. However, catalytic ketyl-olefin coupling, until the recent development of photoredox chemistry and electrosynthesis through single-electron transfer mechanisms, has remained largely undeveloped. Herein, we describe a new approach to achieve catalytic ketyl-olefin coupling reactions by a halogen-atom transfer mechanism, which provides innovative and efficient access to various gem-difluorohomoallylic alcohols under mild conditions with broad substrate scope. Preliminary mechanistic experimental and computational studies demonstrate that this radical-to-polar crossover transformation could be achieved by sequentially orchestrated Lewis acid activation, halogen-atom transfer, radical addition, single-electron reduction and β-fluoro elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ranjini Laskar
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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11
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Venditto NJ, Liang YS, El Mokadem RK, Nicewicz DA. Ketone-Olefin Coupling of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbonyls Catalyzed by Excited-State Acridine Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11888-11896. [PMID: 35737516 PMCID: PMC10031806 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ketone-olefin coupling reactions are common methods for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. This reaction class typically requires stoichiometric or super stoichiometric quantities of metal reductants, and catalytic variations are limited in application. Photoredox catalysis has offered an alternative method toward ketone-olefin coupling reactions, although most methods are limited in scope to easily reducible aromatic carbonyl compounds. Herein, we describe a mild, metal-free ketone-olefin coupling reaction using an excited-state acridine radical super reductant as a photoredox catalyst. We demonstrate both intramolecular and intermolecular ketone-olefin couplings of aliphatic and aromatic ketones and aldehydes. Mechanistic evidence is also presented supporting an "olefin first" ketone-olefin coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Venditto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Yiyang S Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Roukaya K El Mokadem
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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12
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Rajput D, Kumar A, Jandial T, Karuppasamy M, Bhuvanesh N, Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Sridharan V. Microwave-Assisted Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 2-Propargylamino/Oxy-Arylaldehydes and O-Phenylenediamines: Access to Densely Functionalized Benzo[ f]Imidazo[1,2- d][1,4]Oxazepines and Benzo[ f]Imidazo[1,2- d][1,4]Diazepines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8956-8969. [PMID: 35765119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient microwave-assisted copper(II)-catalyzed cyclization cascade was established starting from readily accessible O/N-propargylated 2-hydroxy or 2-aminobenzaldehydes and o-phenylenediamines to synthesize densely functionalized imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepines and imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]diazepines in high yields (up to 93%). This one-pot two-step process was found to be highly atom economical (-H2O, -H2) and operationally simple and enabled the generation of two new heterocycle rings (seven- and five-membered) and three new C-N bonds in a single synthetic operation. These reactions well tolerated a variety of substituents including electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups and furnished the desired fused heterocycles in high yields under microwave irradiation in a very short reaction time. The mechanism of the established protocol involves sequential imine formation-intramolecular cyclization-air oxidation followed by 7-exo-dig cyclization steps. A comparative study between the microwave-assisted approach and conventional heating was also performed to demonstrate the advantages of the microwave-assisted protocol in terms of high yield and shorter reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Tanvi Jandial
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Muthu Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, J&K, India
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13
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Zhang C, Wang L, Shi H, Lin Z, Wang C. Iron-Catalyzed Allylic Defluorinative Ketone Olefin Coupling. Org Lett 2022; 24:3211-3216. [PMID: 35481351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this protocol, we demonstrate our discovery that iron is able to efficiently catalyze the reductive allylic defluorinative ketyl olefin coupling reaction between α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and unactivated ketones. This operationally simple cross-electrophile reaction circumvents the use of pre-generated organometallics and allows for the synthesis of diverse functional-group-rich tertiary gem-difluorohomoallylic alcohols through a polarity-reversed strategy. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a mechanism that proceeds through a ketyl formation/olefin insertion/β-fluoro elimination sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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14
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Derosa J, Garrido-Barros P, Peters JC. Electrocatalytic Ketyl-Olefin Cyclization at a Favorable Applied Bias Enabled by a Concerted Proton-Electron Transfer Mediator. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6672-6678. [PMID: 35436099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showcase reductive concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) as a powerful strategy for transferring a net hydrogen atom to organic substrates; however, direct application of CPET in the context of C-C bond formation beyond homocoupling is underexplored. We report herein the expansion of electrocatalytic CPET (eCPET) using a Brønsted base-appended cobaltocene mediator ([CpCoCpNMe2][OTf]) with keto-olefin substrates that undergo cyclization subsequent to ketyl radical generation via eCPET. Using acetophenone-derived substrates with tethered acrylates as radical acceptors, in the presence of tosylic acid, we demonstrate that ketyl-olefin cyclization is achieved by characterization of cis-lactone and alkene products. Mechanistic analysis of this 2 H+/2 e- process reveals a mixed order in substrate and acid and a Hammett plot with a modest negative slope, highlighting the contribution of sequential CPET and ET/PT steps involved in the overall rate of the reaction and providing support for initial O-H bond formation. The ability to access ketyl radicals at comparatively mild reduction potentials via controlled potential electrolysis enables functional group tolerance across a range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Derosa
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Pablo Garrido-Barros
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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15
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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16
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Patel M, Desai B, Sheth A, Dholakiya BZ, Naveen T. Recent Advances in Mono‐ and Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monak Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bhargav Desai
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Aakash Sheth
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
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17
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent‐Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine‐Derived α‐Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL (University College London) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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18
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent-Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine-Derived α-Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24116-24123. [PMID: 34449968 PMCID: PMC8597041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reagent-controlled stereodivergent carbocyclisation of aryl aldimine-derived, photocatalytically generated, α-amino radicals possessing adjacent conjugated alkenes, affording either bicyclic or tetracyclic products, is described. Under net reductive conditions using commercial Hantzsch ester, the α-amino radical species underwent a single stereoselective cyclisation to give trans-configured amino-indane structures in good yield, whereas using a substituted Hantzsch ester as a milder reductant afforded cis-fused tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline frameworks, resulting from two consecutive radical cyclisations. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed libraries of both single and dual cyclisation products to be synthesised with high selectivity, notable predictability, and good-to-excellent yields. Computational analysis employing DFT revealed the reaction pathway and mechanistic rationale behind this finely balanced yet readily controlled photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistryUCL (University College London)School of Pharmacy29–39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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19
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Yip BRP, Pal KB, Lin JD, Xu Y, Das M, Lee J, Liu XW. Easy access to secondary and tertiary alcohols via metal-free and light mediated radical carbonyl allylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10783-10786. [PMID: 34586119 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a strategy for carbonyl addition with unactivated alkenes using an organic photocatalyst on both aldehyde and ketone substrates. This protocol grants us a good alternative to the traditional Barbier-Grignard allylation that exhibits poor functional group tolerance. With this method the stoichiometric use of metals can be avoided, high atom economy can be achieved and fewer by-products are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rui Peng Yip
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junjie Desmond Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuan Xu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiande Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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20
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Divergent asymmetric synthesis of azaarene-functionalized cyclic alcohols through stereocontrolled Beckwith-Enholm cyclizations. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed umpolung carboxylation of carbonyl compounds with CO 2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3306. [PMID: 34083530 PMCID: PMC8175691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoredox-mediated umpolung strategy provides an alternative pattern for functionalization of carbonyl compounds. However, general approaches towards carboxylation of carbonyl compounds with CO2 remain scarce. Herein, we report a strategy for visible-light photoredox-catalyzed umpolung carboxylation of diverse carbonyl compounds with CO2 by using Lewis acidic chlorosilanes as activating/protecting groups. This strategy is general and practical to generate valuable α-hydroxycarboxylic acids. It works well for challenging alkyl aryl ketones and aryl aldehydes, as well as for α-ketoamides and α-ketoesters, the latter two of which have never been successfully applied in umpolung carboxylations with CO2 (to the best of our knowledge). This reaction features high selectivity, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions and facile derivations of products to bioactive compounds, including oxypheonium, mepenzolate bromide, benactyzine, and tiotropium. Moreover, the formation of carbon radicals and carbanions as well as the key role of chlorosilanes are supported by control experiments. Compounds bearing a carbonyl group, such as aldehydes and ketones, are important industrial chemicals and widespread in pharmaceuticals and natural products. Here, the authors report a strategy for visible-light photoredox-catalyzed umpolung carboxylation of diverse carbonyl compounds with CO2, to generate valuable α-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
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22
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Maji K, Rai P, Maji B. Visible‐Light Mediated Metal‐Free Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Isatin Derivatives with Electron‐Poor Alkenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kakoli Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Pramod Rai
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
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23
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Caleffi GS, Brum JDOC, Costa AT, Domingos JLO, Costa PRR. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Arylidene-Substituted Chromanones and Tetralones Catalyzed by Noyori–Ikariya Ru(II) Complexes: One-Pot Reduction of C═C and C═O bonds. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4849-4858. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S. Caleffi
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana de O. C. Brum
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T. Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge L. O. Domingos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. R. Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Berg N, Bergwinkl S, Nuernberger P, Horinek D, Gschwind RM. Extended Hydrogen Bond Networks for Effective Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) Reactions: The Unexpected Role of Thiophenol and Its Acidic Channel in Photocatalytic Hydroamidations. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:724-735. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bergwinkl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Li J, Wang H, Qiu Z, Huang CY, Li CJ. Metal-Free Direct Deoxygenative Borylation of Aldehydes and Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13011-13020. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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26
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Tambe SD, Min KH, Iqbal N, Cho EJ. Distinctive reactivity of N-benzylidene-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amines under photoredox conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1335-1342. [PMID: 32595781 PMCID: PMC7308614 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple photocatalytic method was developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,2-diamines by the unprecedented reductive coupling of N-benzylidene-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amines with an aliphatic amine. The presence of a phenyl substituent in the aniline moiety of the substrate was critical for the reactivity. The reaction proceeded via radical–radical cross-coupling of α-amino radicals generated by proton-coupled single-electron transfer in the presence of an Ir photocatalyst. On the other hand, symmetrical 1,2-diamines were selectively produced from the same starting materials by the judicious choice of the reaction conditions, showcasing the distinct reactivity of N-benzylidene-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amines. The developed method can be employed for the synthesis of various bulky vicinal diamines, which are potential ligands in stereoselective synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant D Tambe
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hong Min
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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27
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Jain A, Ameta C. Novel Way to Harness Solar Energy: Photo-Redox Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002315842002007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Biegasiewicz KF, Cooper SJ, Gao X, Oblinsky DG, Kim JH, Garfinkle SE, Joyce LA, Sandoval BA, Scholes GD, Hyster TK. Photoexcitation of flavoenzymes enables a stereoselective radical cyclization. Science 2020; 364:1166-1169. [PMID: 31221855 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcitation is a common strategy for initiating radical reactions in chemical synthesis. We found that photoexcitation of flavin-dependent "ene"-reductases changes their catalytic function, enabling these enzymes to promote an asymmetric radical cyclization. This reactivity enables the construction of five-, six-, seven-, and eight-membered lactams with stereochemical preference conferred by the enzyme active site. After formation of a prochiral radical, the enzyme guides the delivery of a hydrogen atom from flavin-a challenging feat for small-molecule chemical reagents. The initial electron transfer occurs through direct excitation of an electron donor-acceptor complex that forms between the substrate and the reduced flavin cofactor within the enzyme active site. Photoexcitation of promiscuous flavoenzymes has thus furnished a previously unknown biocatalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon J Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Leo A Joyce
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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29
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Zhang L, Chu Y, Ma P, Zhao S, Li Q, Chen B, Hong X, Sun J. Visible-light-mediated photocatalytic cross-coupling of acetenyl ketones with benzyl trifluoroborate. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1073-1077. [PMID: 31960883 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe a simple visible light-triggered Barbier-type reaction by employing acetenyl ketones with benzyl trifluoroborates. Through a radical-radical cross-coupling process, this photocatalytic protocol furnished a wide range of tertiary propargyl alcohols. Mechanistic investigation indicated that proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) might be involved in the photochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
| | - Yanle Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
| | - Qiaoyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
| | - Boya Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
| | - Xuejiao Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
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30
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Wang ZS, Chen YB, Zhang HW, Sun Z, Zhu C, Ye LW. Ynamide Smiles Rearrangement Triggered by Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective Ketyl-Ynamide Coupling: Rapid Access to Functionalized Indoles and Isoquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3636-3644. [PMID: 32003986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, significant advances have been made on radical Smiles rearrangement. However, the eventually formed radical intermediates in these reactions are limited to the amidyl radical, except for the few examples initiated by a N-centered radical. Here, a novel and practical radical Smiles rearrangement triggered by photoredox-catalyzed regioselective ketyl-ynamide coupling is reported, which represents the first radical Smiles rearrangement of ynamides. This method enables facile access to a variety of valuable 2-benzhydrylindoles with broad substrate scope in generally good yields under mild reaction conditions. In addition, this chemistry can also be extended to the divergent synthesis of versatile 3-benzhydrylisoquinolines through a similar ketyl-ynamide coupling and radical Smiles rearrangement, followed by dehydrogenative oxidation. Moreover, such an ynamide Smiles rearrangement initiated by intermolecular photoredox catalysis via addition of external radical sources is also achieved. By control experiments, the reaction was shown to proceed via key ketyl radical and α-imino carbon radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yang-Bo Chen
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hao-Wen Zhang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhou Sun
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
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31
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Seo H, Jamison TF. Catalytic Generation and Use of Ketyl Radical from Unactivated Aliphatic Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2019; 21:10159-10163. [PMID: 31820654 PMCID: PMC6929042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Generation of a ketyl radical from unactivated aliphatic carbonyl compounds is an important strategy in organic synthesis. Herein, catalytic generation and use of a ketyl radical for the reductive coupling of aliphatic carbonyl compounds and styrenes by organic photoredox catalysis is described. The method is applicable to both aliphatic ketones and aldehydes to afford the corresponding tertiary and secondary alcohols in continuous flow and batch. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggests the catalytic formation of a ketyl radical intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Seo
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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32
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Betori RC, Scheidt KA. Reductive Arylation of Arylidene Malonates Using Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019; 9:10350-10357. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick C. Betori
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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33
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Visible-light-mediated external-reductant-free reductive cross coupling of benzylammonium salts with (hetero)aryl nitriles. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Vu MD, Das M, Guo A, Ang ZE, D̵okić M, Soo HS, Liu XW. Visible-Light Photoredox Enables Ketone Carbonyl Alkylation for Easy Access to Tertiary Alcohols. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Duy Vu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Zi-En Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Miloš D̵okić
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Han Sen Soo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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35
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Chen Y, May O, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. A Photoredox Coupling Reaction of Benzylboronic Esters and Carbonyl Compounds in Batch and Flow. Org Lett 2019; 21:6140-6144. [PMID: 31335152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mild cross-coupling reaction between benzylboronic esters with carbonyl compounds and some imines was achieved under visible-light-induced iridium-catalyzed photoredox conditions. Functional group tolerance was demonstrated by 51 examples, including 13 heterocyclic compounds. Gram-scale reaction was realized through the use of computer-controlled continuous flow photoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Oliver May
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - David C Blakemore
- Medicine Design , Pfizer, Inc. , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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36
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Betori RC, McDonald BR, Scheidt KA. Reductive annulations of arylidene malonates with unsaturated electrophiles using photoredox/Lewis acid cooperative catalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3353-3359. [PMID: 30996923 PMCID: PMC6430011 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A cooperative Lewis acid/photocatalytic reduction of salicylaldehyde-derived arylidene malonates provides access to a versatile, stabilized radical anion enolate. Using these unusual umpolung operators, we have developed a novel route to access densely functionalized carbo- and heterocycles through a radical annulation addition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick C Betori
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Benjamin R McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
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37
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Fréneau M, Lefebvre C, Gómez Fernández MA, Richard C, Hoffmann N. Photochemical reactivity of phenyl (methyl-tetrazolyl) ketone – hydrogen atom transfer vs. electron transfer. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel photochemical electron transfer step is observed when a heteroaromatic substituent is present in an aromatic ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fréneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Corentin Lefebvre
- CNRS
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR
- Equipe de Photochimie
- UFR Sciences
| | | | - Claire Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR
- Equipe de Photochimie
- UFR Sciences
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38
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Xia Q, Dong J, Song H, Wang Q. Visible‐Light Photocatalysis of the Ketyl Radical Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 25:2949-2961. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryResearch Institute of, Elemento-Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryResearch Institute of, Elemento-Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryResearch Institute of, Elemento-Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryResearch Institute of, Elemento-Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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39
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Wang R, Ma M, Gong X, Fan X, Walsh PJ. Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aldehydes and Imines Mediated by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 21:27-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Ma
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xu Gong
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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40
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Sultan S, Shah BA. Carbon‐Carbon and Carbon‐Heteroatom Bond Formation Reactions Using Unsaturated Carbon Compounds. CHEM REC 2018; 19:644-660. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Sultan
- Natural Product Chemistry Division and AcSIRCSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu- 180001
| | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Natural Product Chemistry Division and AcSIRCSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu- 180001
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41
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Berger AL, Donabauer K, König B. Photocatalytic Barbier reaction - visible-light induced allylation and benzylation of aldehydes and ketones. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7230-7235. [PMID: 30288242 PMCID: PMC6148494 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a photocatalytic version of the Barbier type reaction using readily available allyl or benzyl bromides and aromatic aldehydes or ketones as starting materials to generate allylic or benzylic alcohols. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under visible light irradiation with the organic dye 3,7-di(4-biphenyl)1-naphthalene-10-phenoxazine as a photocatalyst and DIPEA as sacrificial electron donor. The proposed cross-coupling mechanism of a ketyl- and an allyl or benzyl radical is supported by spectroscopic investigations and cyclic voltammetry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Berger
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-941-943-4575
| | - Karsten Donabauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-941-943-4575
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-941-943-4575
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42
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Foy NJ, Forbes KC, Crooke AM, Gruber MD, Cannon JS. Dual Lewis Acid/Photoredox-Catalyzed Addition of Ketyl Radicals to Vinylogous Carbonates in the Synthesis of 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones. Org Lett 2018; 20:5727-5731. [PMID: 30188722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combined Lewis acid/photoredox catalyst system enabled the intramolecular umpolung addition of ketyl radicals to vinylogous carbonates in the synthesis of 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones. This reaction proceeded on a variety of aromatic ketones to provide THF rings in good yield (up to 95%). Although diastereoselectivity was found to be modest (1.4-5:1) for the C-C bond forming reaction, the minor diastereomers were converted to 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones by an efficient Lewis acid-mediated epimerization cascade in up to 90% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Foy
- Department of Chemistry , Occidental College , Los Angeles , California 90041 , United States
| | - Katherine C Forbes
- Department of Chemistry , Occidental College , Los Angeles , California 90041 , United States
| | - Anne Marie Crooke
- Department of Chemistry , Occidental College , Los Angeles , California 90041 , United States
| | - Maxwell D Gruber
- Department of Chemistry , Occidental College , Los Angeles , California 90041 , United States
| | - Jeffrey S Cannon
- Department of Chemistry , Occidental College , Los Angeles , California 90041 , United States
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43
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Jia J, Ho YA, Bülow RF, Rueping M. Brønsted Base Assisted Photoredox Catalysis: Proton Coupled Electron Transfer for Remote C−C Bond Formation via Amidyl Radicals. Chemistry 2018; 24:14054-14058. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Jia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Yee Ann Ho
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Raoul F. Bülow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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44
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Jha AK, Inani H, Easwar S. An expedient access to chromanols via an arginine-mediated cascade cyclisation in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Xia Q, Tian H, Dong J, Qu Y, Li L, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. N
-Arylamines Coupled with Aldehydes, Ketones, and Imines by Means of Photocatalytic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2018; 24:9269-9273. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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46
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Lee KN, Ngai MY. Recent developments in transition-metal photoredox-catalysed reactions of carbonyl derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13093-13112. [PMID: 29125152 PMCID: PMC5930931 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Single-electron reduction of C[double bond, length as m-dash]O and C[double bond, length as m-dash]N bonds of aldehydes, ketones, and imines results in the formation of ketyl and α-aminoalkyl anion radicals, respectively. These reactive intermediates are characterized by an altered electronic character with respect to their parent molecules and undergo a diverse range of synthetically useful transformations, which are not available to even-electron species. This Review summarizes the reactions of ketyl and α-aminyl radicals generated from carbonyl derivatives under transition-metal photoredox-catalysed conditions. We primarily focus on recent developments in the field, as well as give a brief overview of catalytic enantioselective transformations that provide a means to achieve precise stereocontrol over the reactivity of ion radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna N Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA.
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47
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Chen M, Zhao X, Yang C, Xia W. Visible-Light-Triggered Directly Reductive Arylation of Carbonyl/Iminyl Derivatives through Photocatalytic PCET. Org Lett 2017; 19:3807-3810. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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48
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Huq SR, Shi S, Diao R, Szostak M. Mechanistic Study of SmI2/H2O and SmI2/Amine/H2O-Promoted Chemoselective Reduction of Aromatic Amides (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) to Alcohols via Aminoketyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed R. Huq
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Ray Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; ICMR; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
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