1
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Nakamura T, Yano S, Liu YF, Nabeshima T. Formation of a Metallomacrocycle Possessing Nitrogen Donors Assembled in the Cavity and Unique Water Clusters. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38950409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
2,2'-Bipyridyl (bpy) is widely used as a chelating unit for metal complexation but is not usually considered as a hydrogen-bonding unit. This is because the metal-free bpy units are usually in a transoid conformation, and the two nitrogen lone pairs are pointed to the opposite sides. We now report a metallomacrocycle whose three metal-free bpy units are in a cisoid conformation and are fixed in the cavity. The complexation of nickel(II) only at the salen units of the triangular bpytrisalen ligand produced this rigid and planar macrocycle. Its cavity is surrounded by hydrogen-bond acceptors (N of bpy and O of salen), and it was found that unique pentagonal prism clusters of water molecules templated by the cavity were formed in the crystal. This study has not only increased the variation of the synthetic methodologies of multinuclear complexes but has also provided the structural platform on which multiple bpy units exert hydrogen-bonding functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Syuhei Yano
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yi-Fu Liu
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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2
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Liang RX, Ma QY, Xiang TX, Zhang YP, Gong YN, Huang B, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. A novel pillar[3]trianglimine macrocycle with a deep cavity used as a chiral selector to prepare a chiral stationary phase by thiol-ene click reaction for enantioseparation in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300376. [PMID: 37525411 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A chiral pillar[3]trianglimine (C60 H72 N6 O6 ) with a deep cavity has been developed as a chiral selector and bonded to thiolated silica by thiol-ene click reaction to fabricate a novel chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation in high-performance liquid chromatography. The enantioseparation performance of the fabricated chiral stationary phase has been evaluated by separating various racemic compounds, including alcohols, esters, amines, ketones, amino acids, and epoxides, in both normal-phase and reversed-phase elution modes. In total, 14 and 17 racemates have been effectively separated in these two separation modes, respectively. In comparison with two widely used chiral columns (Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H), our novel chiral stationary phase offered good chiral separation complementarity, separating some of the tested racemates that could not be separated or were only partially separated on these two commercial columns. The influences of analyte mass, mobile phase composition, and column temperature on chiral separation have been investigated. Good repeatability, stability, and column-to-column reproducibility of the chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation have been observed. After the fabricated column had been eluted up to 400 times, the relative standard deviations (n = 5) of resolution (Rs) and retention time of the separated analytes were < 0.39% and < 0.20%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n = 3) of Rs and retention time for column-to-column reproducibility were < 4.6% and < 5.2%, respectively. This study demonstrated that the new chiral stationary phase has great prospects for chiral separation in high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Yu Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Tuan-Xiu Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
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3
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Prusinowska N, Szymkowiak J, Kwit M. Unravelling Structural Dynamics, Supramolecular Behavior, and Chiroptical Properties of Enantiomerically Pure Macrocyclic Tertiary Ureas and Thioureas. J Org Chem 2023; 88:285-299. [PMID: 36480555 PMCID: PMC9830626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of urea or thiourea functionality to the macrocycle skeleton represents an alternative way to control conformational dynamics of chiral, polyamines of a figure-shaped periodical structure. Formally highly symmetrical, these macrocycles may adapt diverse conformations, depending on the nature of an amide linker and on a substitution pattern within the aromatic units. The type of heteroatom X in the N-C(═X)-N units present in each vertex of the macrocycle core constitutes the main factor determining the chiroptical properties. In contrast to the urea-containing derivatives, the electronic circular dichroism of thioureas is controlled by the chiral neighborhood closest to the chromophore. The dynamically induced exciton couplet is observed when the biphenyl chromophores are present in the macrocycle core. In the solid state, the seemingly disordered molecules may create ordered networks stabilized by intermolecular S···halogen, H···halogen, and S···H interactions. The presence of two bromine substituents in each aromatic unit in thiourea-derived trianglamine gives rise to a self-sorting phenomenon in the crystal. In solution, this particular macrocycle exists as a dynamic equimolar mixture of two conformational diastereoisomers, differing in the spatial (clockwise and counter clockwise) arrangement of the C-Br bonds. In the crystal lattice, macrocycles of a given handedness assemble into homohelical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry University
of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznan, Poland,E-mail:
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4
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Skowronek P, Prusinowska N, Bardziński M, Janiak A. Symmetry-driven diastereoselective functionalization of simple trianglamine. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7216-7220. [PMID: 36044005 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have found that derivatization of the trianglamine macrocycle by aliphatic aldehydes leads selectively to one of the two possible diastereomeric aminal products. X-ray analysis, NMR measurements and DFT calculations pointed to the product possessing a higher symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Skowronek
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Natalia Prusinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Bardziński
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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5
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Lisowski J. Imine- and Amine-Type Macrocycles Derived from Chiral Diamines and Aromatic Dialdehydes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134097. [PMID: 35807342 PMCID: PMC9267964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The condensation of aromatic dialdehydes with chiral diamines, such as 1,2-trans-diaminocyclohexane, leads to various enantiopure or meso-type macrocyclic Schiff bases, including [2 + 2], [3 + 3], [4 + 4], [6 + 6] and [8 + 8] condensation products. Unlike most cases of macrocycle synthesis, the [3 + 3] macrocycles of this type are sometimes obtained in high yields by direct condensation without a metal template. Macrocycles of other sizes from this family can often be selectively obtained in high yields by a suitable choice of metal template, solvent, or chirality of the building blocks. In particular, the application of a cadmium(II) template results in the expansion of the [2 + 2] macrocycles into giant [6 + 6] and [8 + 8] macrocycles. These imine macrocycles can be reduced to the corresponding macrocyclic amines which can act as hosts for the binding of multiple cations or multiple anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Lisowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Grajewski J. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Nitrogen-Containing Macrocycles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031004. [PMID: 35164269 PMCID: PMC8839354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds are versatile molecules. Supramolecular, noncovalent interactions of these macrocycles with guest molecules enables them to act as catalysts, fluorescent sensors, chiral or nonchiral selectors, or receptors of small molecules. In the solid state, they often display a propensity to form inclusion compounds. All of these properties are usually closely connected with the presence of nitrogen atoms in the macrocyclic ring. As most of the reviews published so far on macrocycles were written from the viewpoint of functional groups, synthetic methods, or the structure, search methods for literature reports in terms of the physicochemical properties of these compounds may be unobvious. In this minireview, the emphasis was put on the synthesis and applications of nitrogen-containing macrocyclic compounds, as they differ from their acyclic analogs, and at the same time are the driving force for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Grajewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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7
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Janiak A, Gajewy J, Szymkowiak J, Gierczyk B, Kwit M. Specific Noncovalent Association of Truncated exo-Functionalized Triangular Homochiral Isotrianglimines through Head-to-Head, Tail-to-Tail, and Honeycomb Supramolecular Motifs. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2356-2366. [PMID: 35029991 PMCID: PMC8902749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral isotrianglimines were synthesized by the [3 + 3] cyclocondensation of (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane with C5-substituted isophthalaldehyde derivatives. The substituent's steric and electronic demands and the guest molecules' nature have affected the conformation of individual macrocycles and their propensity to form supramolecular architectures. In the crystal, the formation of a honeycomb-like packing arrangement of the simplest isotrianglimine was promoted by the presence of toluene or para-xylene molecules. A less symmetrical solvent molecule might force this arrangement to change. Polar substituents present in the macrocycle skeleton have enforced the self-association of isotrianglimines in the form of tail-to-tail dimers. These dimers could be further arranged in higher-order structures of the head-to-head type, which were held together by the solvent molecules. Non-associating isotrianglimine formed a container that accommodated acetonitrile molecules in its cavity. The calculated dimerization energies have indicated a strong preference for the formation of tail-to-tail dimers over those of the capsule type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gajewy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Błażej Gierczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61- 614 Poznań, Poland
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8
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Moriya Y, Yamanaka M, Mori K. Synthesis of C3-Symmetric Macrocyclic Triimines from Monomers having Boc-Protected Amine and Formyl Group. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Moriya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588
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9
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Chen CY, Xu HC, Ho TH, Hsu CJ, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Complementarity of 2,6-Dimethanolpyridine and Di(ethylene glycol) in the Complexation of Na + Ions: Attaching Multiple Copies of [2]Catenane Branches to Isophthalaldehyde-Containing Cores. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13491-13502. [PMID: 34514788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we found that 2,6-dimethanolpyridine displays good complementarity toward di(ethylene glycol) for the complexation of Na+ ions, allowing us to use this recognition system for the efficient synthesis of hetero[2]catenanes; indeed, it allowed us to attach multiple copies of [2]catenanes to branched systems presenting multiple isophthalaldehyde units. When we attempted to form a catenane from a preformed macrocycle featuring only a single di(ethylene glycol) unit, reacting it with a di(ethylene glycol) derivative presenting two amino termini, isophthalaldehyde, and templating Na+ ions [i.e., with the aim of using di(ethylene glycol)·Na+·di(ethylene glycol) recognition to template the formation of the interlocked imino macrocycle], the yields of the hetero[2]catenane and homo[2]catenane, comprising two imino macrocyclic units, were both poor (14% and 7%, respectively). In contrast, when one or two 2,6-dimethanolpyridine units were present in the preformed macrocycles, their reactions with the same diamine, dialdehyde, and Na+ ions provided the hetero[2]catenanes with high selectivity and efficiency (44% and 64% yields, respectively), with minimal formation of the competing homo[2]catenane. The high complementary of the 2,6-dimethanolpyridine·Na+·di(ethylene glycol) ligand pair allowed us to synthesize [2]catenane dimers and trimers directly from corresponding isophthalaldehyde-presenting cores, with yields, after subsequent reduction and methylation, of 42% and 31%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 40225 Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Giraldi E, Depallens AB, Ortiz D, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Boronate Ester‐Capped Helicates. Chemistry 2020; 26:7578-7582. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Giraldi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Adrien B. Depallens
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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11
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Chaix A, Mouchaham G, Shkurenko A, Hoang P, Moosa B, Bhatt PM, Adil K, Salama KN, Eddaoudi M, Khashab NM. Trianglamine-Based Supramolecular Organic Framework with Permanent Intrinsic Porosity and Tunable Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14571-14575. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chaix
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georges Mouchaham
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksander Shkurenko
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Phuong Hoang
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Moosa
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant M. Bhatt
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Adil
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N. Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Electrical Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Paćkowski T, Gregoliński J, Ślepokura K, Lisowski J. 6 + 6 Macrocycles derived from 2,6-diformylpyridine and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Prusinowska N, Bardziński M, Janiak A, Skowronek P, Kwit M. Sterically Crowded Trianglimines-Synthesis, Structure, Solid-State Self-Assembly, and Unexpected Chiroptical Properties. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2691-2699. [PMID: 29953724 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chiral, triangular-shape hexaimine macrocycles (trianglimines), bearing bulky alkynyl or aryl substituents were synthesized and studied by means of experimental and theoretical methods. The macrocyclization reactions are driven by the extraordinary stability of the trianglimine ring and provided products with high yields. Electrostatic repulsion between imine nitrogen atoms and the substituents forced an anti conformation of the aromatic linkers. Although the DFT-optimized structure of 7 is D3 symmetrical, in the crystal, the macrocycle adopts a bowl-like molecular shape. The macrocycle self-assembles into tail-to-tail dimers by mutual interdigitation of aromatic moieties. In contrast, macrocycle 8 adopts a rigid pillararene-like conformation. The nature of the substituent significantly affects the electronic properties of the linker. As a result, unexpectedly high exciton Cotton effects are observed in the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The origin of these effects was subject of an in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies AMU, Umultowska 89C, 61 614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bardziński
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Skowronek
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies AMU, Umultowska 89C, 61 614, Poznań, Poland
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14
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Kwit M, Grajewski J, Skowronek P, Zgorzelak M, Gawroński J. One‐Step Construction of the Shape Persistent, Chiral But Symmetrical Polyimine Macrocycles. CHEM REC 2018; 19:213-237. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kwit
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced TechnologiesA. Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Jakub Grajewski
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paweł Skowronek
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Mikołaj Zgorzelak
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Jacek Gawroński
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced TechnologiesA. Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznań Poland
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15
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Petryk M, Janiak A, Barbour LJ, Kwit M. Awkwardly-Shaped Dimers, Capsules and Tetramers: Molecular and Supramolecular Motifs in C5-Arylated Chiral Calixsalens. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Petryk
- Department of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznan Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, AMU; Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznan Poland
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznan Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznan Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, AMU; Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznan Poland
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16
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Szymkowiak J, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Kwit M. One-step Access to Resorcinsalens-Solvent-Dependent Synthesis, Tautomerism, Self-sorting and Supramolecular Architectures of Chiral Polyimine Analogues of Resorcinarene. Chemistry 2018; 24:6041-6046. [PMID: 29486101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Substituted 2,4- and 4,6-dihydroxyisophthalaldehydes were condensed with optically pure and racemic trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane to form resorcinarene-like polyimine macrocycles (resorcinsalens), the structure and stoichiometry of which were controlled by the choice of the reaction medium. Particularly, the cyclocondensation reactions were driven by the solubility, tautomerization, or by social self-sorting. The resorcinsalens crystallized as inclusion compounds, in which the guest molecules were situated either in channels or in voids. In the highly hydrated crystals of one of the [2+2] macrocycles and chloroform-solvated crystals of a [4+4] product the channels were interconnected, as in zeolites, enabling possible migration of loosely bound solvent molecules in three dimensions. The association mode depended on the structural modification of the host molecule and the type of included solvent molecule(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89C, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89C, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
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Prusinowska N, Szymkowiak J, Kwit M. Enantiopure Tertiary Urea and Thiourea Derivatives of Trianglamine Macrocycle: Structural Studies and Metallogeling Properties. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1167-1175. [PMID: 29310432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and detailed experimental and theoretical study on new urea and thiourea derivatives of chiral trianglamine are presented. In solution, the urea derivative of the trianglamine adopts cone conformation, whereas a respective thiourea derivative exists in solution predominantly as a partial cone conformer. In the crystalline phase, the thiourea trianglamine derivative adapts partial cone conformation. In the solid state, the two symmetry independent molecules of thiourea trianglamine create bilayers, containing molecules arranged in a zipper motif. The bilayers are separated by channels filled with disordered solvent molecules. The thiourea derivative of trianglimine appeared to be a simple, low molecular weight supergelator that formed stable chiral metallogels in N,N-dimethylformamide with Ag(I), Cu(I). and Cu(II) salts. The enantiomeric enrichment of the macrocycle is a necessary condition for effective gelling because neither racemic nor enantiomerically enriched samples (up to 50% ee) form metallogels. The metallogels formed from silver cations and thiourea trianglamine show reversible thixotropic property rarely observed in metallogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland.,Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT) , Umultowska 89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland.,Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT) , Umultowska 89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland.,Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT) , Umultowska 89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
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18
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Szymkowiak J, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Kwit M. Consistent supramolecular assembly arising from a mixture of components – self-sorting and solid solutions of chiral oxygenated trianglimines. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of trianglimines and their aggregates is stereoselective, and uniformly chiral macrocycles differing in chemical composition crystallize as solid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
| | | | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
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19
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Szymkowiak J, Kwit M. Electronic and vibrational exciton coupling in oxidized trianglimines. Chirality 2017; 30:117-130. [PMID: 29110336 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Readily available chiral trianglimine and their (poly)oxygenated congeners represent a unique class of macrocyclic rigid compounds optimal for testing electronic and vibrational circular dichroism exciton chirality methods. Electronic and vibrational circular dichroism spectra of such trianglimines are strongly affected by polar substituents in macrocycle skeletons. Double substitution by OH groups in each aromatic fragment of the macrocycle causes sign reversal of the exciton couplet in the region of the strongest UV absorption. On the other hand, electronic circular dichroism spectrum of the macrocycle having 2 methoxy groups shows 2 exciton couplets-the long-wavelength positive and the second of the negative sign, observed at the shorter wavelengths. VCD spectra of macrocyclic imines show vibrational exciton couplets in the region of strong C=N stretches. The signs of these couplets are positive and the opposite of the diamine chirality. For trianglimine macrocycles the interpretation of VCD spectra in terms of excitons is much more convincing than for electronic circular dichroism spectra. By contrast, trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-based vicinal diimines, being a one-third of the respective macrocycle, do not exhibit any vibrational exciton effect. Experimental data were confronted with DFT calculations. We observed good-to-excellent agreement between experimental and computed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT), Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT), Poznan, Poland
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