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Ji S, Zhang S, Wang Z, Li C, Cao W, Zhu Y, He C, Chen Y. High-Impact Performance and Thermal Properties of Polyimine Nanocomposites Reinforced by Silicon Carbide Nano-Whiskers. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4587. [PMID: 37444900 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites, which combine the advantages of polymers and fillers, are widely used in the field of automobile and aviation. Polyimine (PI) is an emerging thermoset material with remarkable properties, such as malleability, recyclability, and self-healing. Silicon carbide nano-whiskers (SiCw), as a cheap and high-hardness filler material, are chosen to enhance the properties of polyimine matrix. Silicon carbide nano-whisker-reinforced polyimine (PI-SiCw) nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by heat pressing, which was confirmed by FTIR and XPS tests. According to the results of mechanical tests, the mechanical properties of PI-SiCw nanocomposites were obviously improved. For example, with the addition of 0.5% SiCw, bending strength and bending elongation at break can be simultaneously increased by 33% and 148%, respectively. Surprisingly, the impact strength of PI-SiCw nanocomposites with 2% SiCw was increased by 154% compared to the matrix. SEM and EDS tests showed that the evenly distributed SiCw in the polyimine matrix enhanced the mechanical properties of PI-SiCw nanocomposites according to the mechanism of whiskers pulling out and the bridging principle. According to the TGA test results, the PI composites with SiCw retain a higher weight percentage at 800 °C. The reason was the combined effect of the good thermal stability of SiCw and their strong interactions with the PI matrix. As a result, introducing SiCw into the PI matrix imparts a slight improvement in thermal stability. This article presents an avenue of cost-effective research to enhance the mechanical properties of polyimine composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Si Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Chaoyue Li
- China Tianchen Engineering Corporation, Tianjin 300400, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yongmei Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Chaoshuai He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Wang C, Eisenreich F, Tomović Ž. Closed-Loop Recyclable High-Performance Polyimine Aerogels Derived from Bio-Based Resources. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209003. [PMID: 36495005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerogels are an intriguing class of highly porous and ultralight materials which have found widespread applications in thermal insulation, energy storage, and chemical absorption. These fully cross-linked polymeric networks, however, pose environmental concerns as they are typically made from fossil-based feedstock and the recycling back to their original monomers is virtually impossible. In addition, organic aerogels suffer from low thermal stability and potential fire hazard. To overcome these obstacles and create next-generation organic aerogels, a set of polyimine aerogels containing reversible chemical bonds which can selectively be cleaved on demand is prepared. As precursors, different primary amines and cyclophosphazene derivatives made from bio-based reagents (vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) to elevate the thermal stability and reduce the environmental impact are used. The resulting polyimine aerogels exhibit low shrinkage, high porosity, large surface area, as well as pronounced thermal stability and flame resistance. More importantly, the aerogels show excellent recyclability under acidic conditions with high monomer recovery yields and purities. This approach allows for preparation of fresh aerogels from the retrieved building blocks, thus demonstrating efficient closed-loop recycling. These high-performance, recyclable, and bio-based polyimine aerogels pave the way for advanced and sustainable superinsulating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Wang
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Željko Tomović
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
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Zhang S, Ji S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhao W, He C, Chen Y. Mechanical and Recyclable Properties of Polyimine Enhanced by Biomimetic Modification of Graphene Oxide Sheets/Silicon Carbide Nano-Whiskers. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4486. [PMID: 36558339 PMCID: PMC9784416 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the mineral bridge between hard phase layers of natural nacre, the biomimetic modified silicon carbide nano-whiskers (MSiCw)/graphene oxide sheets (MGO) reinforced polyimine (PI) composites (MSiCw-MGO-PI) were successfully prepared by heat-pressing at room temperature, which confirmed by FTIR, XPS, and XRD tests. According to the results of mechanical tests, the composites with filling weights of MSiCw and MGO, which were found to be 1% and 0.3%, presented tensile strength of 94.27 MPa, which was 32% higher than the matrix. With the additional weights amount of 1%MSiCw and 0.2%MGO, the impact strength of the composites reached 17.46 KJ/m2, which was increased by 81% compared with the matrix. In addition, the reinforcing mechanisms, such as the bridging principle and mechanism of whiskers pulling out, were investigated by analyzing the fracture surface of MSiCw-MGO-PI composites. The results showed that MSiCw and MGO can synergistically improve the mechanical properties of the composites. In addition, the recyclability of the composites valued by the mechanical properties of the composites from regrinding and heat pressing showed that three generations of MSiCw-MGO-PI composites can still maintain high mechanical properties on account of the better dispersion of the reinforcing phases in the matrix from regrinding.
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Cheng YW, Huang WY, Ho KS, Hsieh TH, Jheng LC, Kuo YM. Fe, N-Doped Metal Organic Framework Prepared by the Calcination of Iron Chelated Polyimines as the Cathode-Catalyst of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3850. [PMID: 34771406 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic polyimine (PIM) was prepared through condensation polymerization between p-phenylene diamine and terephthalaldehyde via Schiff reactions. PIM can be physically crosslinked with ferrous ions into gel. The gel-composites, calcined at two consecutive stages, with temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 °C, became Fe- and N-doped carbonaceous organic frameworks (FeNC), which demonstrated both graphene- and carbon nanotube-like morphologies and behaved as an electron-conducting medium. After the two-stage calcination, one at 1000 °C in N2 and the other at 900 °C in a mixture of N2 and NH3, an FeNC composite (FeNC-1000A900) was obtained, which demonstrated a significant O2 reduction peak in its current–voltage curve in the O2 atmosphere, and thus, qualified as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. It also produced a higher reduction current than that of commercial Pt/C in a linear scanning voltage test, and the calculated e-transferred number reached 3.85. The max. power density reached 400 mW·cm−2 for the single cell using FeNC-1000A900 as the cathode catalyst, which was superior to other FeNC catalysts that were calcined at lower temperatures. The FeNC demonstrated only 10% loss of the reduction current at 1600 rpm after 1000 redox cycles, as compared to be 25% loss for the commercial Pt/C catalyst in the durability test.
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Szymkowiak J, Kwit M. Electronic and vibrational exciton coupling in oxidized trianglimines. Chirality 2017; 30:117-130. [PMID: 29110336 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Readily available chiral trianglimine and their (poly)oxygenated congeners represent a unique class of macrocyclic rigid compounds optimal for testing electronic and vibrational circular dichroism exciton chirality methods. Electronic and vibrational circular dichroism spectra of such trianglimines are strongly affected by polar substituents in macrocycle skeletons. Double substitution by OH groups in each aromatic fragment of the macrocycle causes sign reversal of the exciton couplet in the region of the strongest UV absorption. On the other hand, electronic circular dichroism spectrum of the macrocycle having 2 methoxy groups shows 2 exciton couplets-the long-wavelength positive and the second of the negative sign, observed at the shorter wavelengths. VCD spectra of macrocyclic imines show vibrational exciton couplets in the region of strong C=N stretches. The signs of these couplets are positive and the opposite of the diamine chirality. For trianglimine macrocycles the interpretation of VCD spectra in terms of excitons is much more convincing than for electronic circular dichroism spectra. By contrast, trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-based vicinal diimines, being a one-third of the respective macrocycle, do not exhibit any vibrational exciton effect. Experimental data were confronted with DFT calculations. We observed good-to-excellent agreement between experimental and computed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT), Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT), Poznan, Poland
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Whiteley JM, Taynton P, Zhang W, Lee SH. Ultra-thin Solid-State Li-Ion Electrolyte Membrane Facilitated by a Self-Healing Polymer Matrix. Adv Mater 2015; 27:6922-7. [PMID: 26421754 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thin solid membranes are formed by a new strategy, whereby an in situ derived self-healing polymer matrix that penetrates the void space of an inorganic solid is created. The concept is applied as a separator in an all-solid-state battery with an FeS2 -based cathode and achieves tremendous performance for over 200 cycles. Processing in dry conditions represents a paradigm shift for incorporating high active-material mass loadings into mixed-matrix membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Whiteley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Philip Taynton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Se-Hee Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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