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Stout CN, Renata H. Total Synthesis Facilitates In Vitro Reconstitution of the C-S Bond-Forming P450 in Griseoviridin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39042396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Griseoviridin is a group A streptogramin natural product from Streptomyces with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. A hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide, it comprises a 23-membered macrocycle, an embedded oxazole motif, and a macrolactone with a unique ene-thiol linkage. Recent analysis of the griseoviridin biosynthetic gene cluster implicated SgvP, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, in late-stage installation of the critical C-S bond. While genetic and crystallographic experiments provided indirect evidence to support this hypothesis, the exact function of SgvP has never been confirmed biochemically. Herein, we report a convergent total synthesis of pre-griseoviridin, the putative substrate of P450 SgvP and precursor to griseoviridin. Our strategy features concise and rapid assembly of two fragments joined via sequential peptide coupling and Stille macrocyclization. Access to pre-griseoviridin then enabled in vitro validation of SgvP as the C-S bond-forming P450 during griseoviridin biosynthesis, culminating in a nine-step chemoenzymatic synthesis of griseoviridin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter N Stout
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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2
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Ellagic Acid and Its Metabolites as Potent and Selective Allosteric Inhibitors of Liver Pyruvate Kinase. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030577. [PMID: 36771285 PMCID: PMC9919951 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver pyruvate kinase (PKL) has recently emerged as a new target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inhibitors of this enzyme could represent a new therapeutic option. However, this breakthrough is complicated by selectivity issues since pyruvate kinase exists in four different isoforms. In this work, we report that ellagic acid (EA) and its derivatives, present in numerous fruits and vegetables, can inhibit PKL potently and selectively. Several polyphenolic analogues of EA were synthesized and tested to identify the chemical features responsible for the desired activity. Molecular modelling studies suggested that this inhibition is related to the stabilization of the PKL inactive state. This unique inhibition mechanism could potentially herald the development of new therapeutics for NAFLD.
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Prather BL, Ji S, Zhao Y, Shajan FJ, Zhao M, Buuh ZY, Maloney R, Zhang R, Cohen C, Wang RE. Fluorine-thiol displacement probes for acetaminophen's hepatotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:204-212. [PMID: 36815027 PMCID: PMC9939312 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals possessing reactive electrophiles can denature innate proteins leading to undesired toxicity, and the overdose-induced liver injury by drugs containing electrophiles has been one of the major causes of non-approval and withdraw by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Elucidating the associated proteins could guide the future development of therapeutics to circumvent these drugs' toxicities, but was largely limited by the current probing tools due to the steric hindrance of chemical tags including the common "click chemistry" labels. Taking the widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acetaminophen (APAP) as an example, we hereby designed and synthesized an APAP analogue using fluorine as a steric-free label. Cell toxicity studies indicated our analogue has similar activity to the parent drug. This analogue was applied to the mouse hepatocellular proteome together with the corresponding desthiobiotin-SH probe for subsequent fluorine-thiol displacement reactions (FTDRs). This set of probes has enabled the labeling and pull-down of hepatocellular target proteins of the APAP metabolite as validated by Western blotting. Our preliminary validation results supported the interaction of APAP with the thioredoxin protein, which is an important redox protein for normal liver function. These results demonstrated that our probes confer minimal steric perturbation and mimic the compounds of interest, allowing for global profiling of interacting proteins. The fluorine-thiol displacement probing system could emerge as a powerful tool to enable the investigation of drug-protein interactions in complex biological environments.
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Jagadeesan S, Karpagam S. Novel series of N-acyl substituted indole based piperazine, thiazole and tetrazoles as potential antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic agents, and their docking investigation as potential Mcl-1 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Beardmore LND, Cobb SL, Brittain WDG. One-pot ester and thioester formation mediated by pentafluoropyridine (PFP). Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8059-8064. [PMID: 36047390 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acyl fluorides are valuable synthetic intermediates, but in some cases they can be challenging to handle and difficult to isolate given their susceptibility to degradation. In addition, many reagents utilised to prepare acyl fluorides are incompatible with in situ generation strategies and require the acyl fluoride to be isolated before any further reaction can take place. The combination of these factors has meant that acyl fluorides are currently under investigated in nucleophilic substitution processes, and often only a limited substrate scope is tolerated where they have been used. Herein, we report that pentafluoropyridine can be utilised to generate acyl fluorides in situ under mild conditions, and that they can subsequently be used to generate a range of esters and thioesters. This methodology offers a simple one-pot synthesis of esters and thioesters directly from parent carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam N D Beardmore
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Steven L Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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Synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles by the Huisgen reaction. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Anti-glioblastoma effects of phenolic variants of benzoylphenoxyacetamide (BPA) with high potential for blood brain barrier penetration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3384. [PMID: 35232976 PMCID: PMC8888627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive brain tumors for which therapeutic options are limited. Current therapies against glioblastoma include surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant treatment and maintenance with temozolomide (TMZ), however, these standard therapies are often ineffective, and average survival time for glioblastoma patients is between 12 and 18 months. We have previously reported a strong anti-glioblastoma activity of several metabolic compounds, which were synthetized based compounds, which were synthetized based on the chemical structure of a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, and share a general molecular skeleton of benzoylphenoxyacetamide (BPA). Extensive computational analyses of phenol and naphthol moieties added to the BPA skeleton were performed in this study with the objective of selecting new BPA variants for subsequent compound preparation and anti-glioblastoma testing. Initially, 81 structural variations were considered and their physical properties such as solubility (logS), blood–brain partitioning (logBB), and probability of entering the CNS calculated by the Central Nervous System—Multiparameter Optimization (MPO-CNS) algorithm were evaluated. From this initial list, 18 compounds were further evaluated for anti-glioblastoma activity in vitro. Nine compounds demonstrated desirable glioblastoma cell toxicity in cell culture, and two of them, HR51, and HR59 demonstrated significantly improved capability of crossing the model blood–brain-barrier (BBB) composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes.
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Li F, Wu X, Guo F, Tang Z, Xiao J. One‐step Conversion of Amides and Esters to Acid Chlorides with PCl
3. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangshao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Fengzhe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Zi‐Long Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
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11
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Matada BS, Yernale NG. The contemporary synthetic recipes to access versatile quinoline heterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1876240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagesh Gunavanthrao Yernale
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak First Grade Science, Commerce and Post Graduate College, Bidar, Karnataka, India
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12
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Wu X, Zhou L, Li F, Xiao J. PCl 3-mediated transesterification and aminolysis of tert-butyl esters via acid chloride formation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820987530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A PCl3-mediated conversion of tert-butyl esters into esters and amides in one-pot under air is developed. This novel protocol is highlighted by the synthesis of skeletons of bioactive molecules and gram-scale reactions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation involves the formation of an acid chloride in situ, which is followed by reactions with alcohols or amines to afford the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Fangshao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
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Abstract
The effect of modification of benzoylferrocene periphery on catalytic activity toward drying of alkyd resins has been investigated by the combination of experimental techniques. A series of substituted ferrocenes have been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic tools including X-ray diffraction analysis on single crystals. The electrochemical behavior of the ferrocene derivatives has been elucidated by cyclic voltammetry and rotation disk voltammetry. The activity toward room temperature curing of alkyd resin has been evaluated by standard mechanical tests on coated plates, which enabled to establish a structure/catalytic activity relationship. Fast drying of test coatings has been observed for formulations of (3-methoxybenzoyl) ferrocene. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy in combination with attenuated total reflectance sampling technique enabled to reveal the kinetic origin of the improved performance for this ferrocene derivative.
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Holmberg-Douglas N, Onuska NPR, Nicewicz DA. Regioselective Arene C-H Alkylation Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7425-7429. [PMID: 32068943 PMCID: PMC7213045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the toolbox of C-H functionalization reactions applicable to the late-stage modification of complex molecules is of interest in medicinal chemistry, wherein the preparation of structural variants of known pharmacophores is a key strategy for drug development. One manifold for the functionalization of aromatic molecules utilizes diazo compounds and a transition-metal catalyst to generate a metallocarbene species, which is capable of direct insertion into an aromatic C-H bond. However, these high-energy intermediates can often require directing groups or a large excess of substrate to achieve efficient and selective reactivity. Herein, we report that arene cation radicals generated by organic photoredox catalysis engage in formal C-H functionalization reactions with diazoacetate derivatives, furnishing sp2 -sp3 coupled products with moderate-to-good regioselectivity. In contrast to previous methods utilizing metallocarbene intermediates, this transformation does not proceed via a carbene intermediate, nor does it require the presence of a transition-metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Holmberg-Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Nicholas P R Onuska
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
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Staszak K. Halogened hydrocarbons – current trends. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurrent trends in industrial synthesis of selected halogened hydrocarbons (HHCs) were presented in detail. Special emphasis was put on the most popular compounds, such as chloromethanes (CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4), chloroethene (vinyl chloride H2C = CHCl), chlorobenzene, 1-4-dichlorbenzene and epichlorohydrin. The possibility methods of modification technologies based on literature information were also reported. Presented simple schema, with production conditions, should be helpful in understanding the issues discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Staszak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo St 4, Poznan60-965, Poland
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16
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Holmberg‐Douglas N, Onuska NPR, Nicewicz DA. Regioselective Arene C−H Alkylation Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Holmberg‐Douglas
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Nicholas P. R. Onuska
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
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17
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Elbatrawi YM, Pedretty KP, Giddings N, Woodcock HL, Del Valle JR. δ-Azaproline and Its Oxidized Variants. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4207-4219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassin M. Elbatrawi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kyle P. Pedretty
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Nicole Giddings
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - H. Lee Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Juan R. Del Valle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Wu X, Zhou L, Yang R, Guo F, Tang ZL, Xiao J. A practical chlorination of tert-butyl esters with PCl3 generating acid chlorides. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819898142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, using PCl3, a range of tert-butyl esters is chlorinated successfully, allowing access of both aromatic acid chlorides and aliphatic acid chlorides in good yields. The method features simple reaction conditions and wide substrate scope. Various tert-butyl esters including aryl esters, alkenyl esters, and alkyl esters were tolerated well in the reaction. A plausible mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Ruoqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Fengzhe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Long Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
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Wu H, Zhang X, Yin X, Inaba Y, Miki H, Takeshita K. Selective separation of cadmium(ii) from zinc(ii) by a novel hydrophobic ionic liquid including an N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-methylpyridyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine-4-amido structure: a hard-soft donor combined method. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10063-10070. [PMID: 29987285 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02228c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel hydrophobic ionic liquid including an N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-methylpyridyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine-4-amido structure ((IL-1,2-tpbd)+NTf2-) was successfully synthesized. (IL-1,2-tpbd)+NTf2- combined one amido (O-hard donor) and four pyridine (N-soft donor) groups. Its Cd2+ and Zn2+ separation behavior in nitric acid solution was investigated as a function of the extraction time, effect of pH etc. by dissolving (IL-1,2-tpbd)+NTf2- in a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ((C6mim)+NTf2-). The extraction kinetics were fairly fast and could reach equilibrium within 4 h. When pHeq ≥ 1.8, the extraction percentage of Cd2+ and Zn2+ remained constant and the maximum separation factor was calculated as 12.78 at pHeq = 3.1; when pHeq < 1.8, the extraction percentage of Cd2+ and Zn2+ decreased drastically due to the protonation of the pyridine groups. Complete stripping of the extracted Cd2+ and Zn2+ from the ionic liquid phase into an aqueous phase was successfully achieved under highly acidic conditions ([HNO3] = 2 M) without adding any other metal complex forming agents. The extraction mechanism was summarized as a cation exchange due to the independence of nitrate ions in the extraction process. Additionally, the results of the slope analysis and UV-vis titration revealed the formation of a 1 : 2 complex. Furthermore, (IL-1,2-tpbd)+NTf2- showed a higher preference for Cd2+ even under the interference of various co-existing metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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Abstract
This report describes a method for Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative cross-coupling that enables the conversion of carboxylic acid derivatives to biaryls, aryl amines, aryl ethers, aryl sulfides, aryl boronate esters, and trifluoromethylated arenes. The success of this transformation leverages the Pd0/Brettphos-catalyzed decarbonylative chlorination of aroyl chlorides, which can then participate in diverse cross-coupling reactions in situ using the same Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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