1
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Yavari I, Shaabanzadeh S. Electrochemical Formation of α-Ketoamides from Ketoximes through Non-Beckmann Mechanism Pathway. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6238-6246. [PMID: 38652259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
α-Ketoamides are highly valued in synthetic chemistry due to their incorporation into diverse natural products and drug molecules. Here, we present an innovative electrochemical approach for constructing α-ketoamides, utilizing a mild and environmentally friendly strategy in a user-friendly undivided cell setup under constant current. The excellent functional-group tolerance, convenient accessibility of reaction instruments and starting materials, and easy scalability collectively enhance the importance of this protocol compared to previous challenging methods. Additionally, mechanistic insight into this reaction is obtained through the investigation of cyclic voltammograms of the reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Shaabanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Huo T, Zhao X, Cheng Z, Wei J, Zhu M, Dou X, Jiao N. Late-stage modification of bioactive compounds: Improving druggability through efficient molecular editing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1030-1076. [PMID: 38487004 PMCID: PMC10935128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry plays an indispensable role in drug discovery, contributing to hit compounds identification, lead compounds optimization, candidate drugs preparation, and so on. As Nobel Prize laureate James Black emphasized, "the most fruitful basis for the discovery of a new drug is to start with an old drug"1. Late-stage modification or functionalization of drugs, natural products and bioactive compounds have garnered significant interest due to its ability to introduce diverse elements into bioactive compounds promptly. Such modifications alter the chemical space and physiochemical properties of these compounds, ultimately influencing their potency and druggability. To enrich a toolbox of chemical modification methods for drug discovery, this review focuses on the incorporation of halogen, oxygen, and nitrogen-the ubiquitous elements in pharmacophore components of the marketed drugs-through late-stage modification in recent two decades, and discusses the state and challenges faced in these fields. We also emphasize that increasing cooperation between chemists and pharmacists may be conducive to the rapid discovery of new activities of the functionalized molecules. Ultimately, we hope this review would serve as a valuable resource, facilitating the application of late-stage modification in the construction of novel molecules and inspiring innovative concepts for designing and building new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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3
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Fantozzi N, Volle JN, Porcheddu A, Virieux D, García F, Colacino E. Green metrics in mechanochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6680-6714. [PMID: 37691600 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00997h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of new green methodologies and their broader adoption for promoting sustainable development in chemistry laboratories and industry play a significant role in society, due to the economic importance of chemistry and its widespread presence in everyday life. Therefore, a sustainable approach to chemistry contributes to the well-being of the worldwide population and complies with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and the European Green Deal. The review highlights how batch and continuous mechanochemical methods are an eco-friendly approach for organic synthesis, with a lower environmental footprint in most cases, compared to solution-based procedures. The assessment is objectively based on the use of green metrics (e.g., atom and real atom economy, E-factor, process mass intensity, material parameter recovery, Eco-scale, stoichiometric factor, etc.) and indicators (e.g. DOZN tool and life cycle assessment, LCA, studies) applied to organic transformations such as synthesis of the amide bond, carbamates, heterocycles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), porphyrins, porous organic polymers (POPs), metal- or acid-catalysed processes, multicomponent and condensation reactions, rearrangements, etc. The generalized absence of bulk solvents, the precise control over the stoichiometry (i.e., using agents in a stoichiometrically rather than in excess), and the more selective reactions enabling simplified work-up procedures are the distinctive factors, marking the superiority of mechanochemical processes over solution-based chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Noël Volle
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - David Virieux
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria 8, Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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4
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Nasiri F, Mokhtari J, Taheri S, Mirjafary Z. DCID-mediated esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27385-27390. [PMID: 37711370 PMCID: PMC10498154 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
DCID (Dichloroimidazolidinedione) 2 is used as a novel coupling reagent for the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols at room temperature. The reaction represents the first DCID-promoted esterification under mild conditions with good to excellent yields. Reactions can proceed smoothly with those bearing electron-withdrawing and donating group(s) on the carboxylic acids and benzyl alcohols at ambient temperature. Furthermore, we proposed a plausible mechanism and confirmed it by isolating and characterizing intermediates 3a and 7. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by comparison of melting points and NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Nasiri
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University PO Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Mokhtari
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University PO Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran PO Box 14335-186 Tehran Iran
| | - Zohreh Mirjafary
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University PO Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
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5
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Direct Synthesis of Amides through Transamidation Using Dichloroimidazolinedione (DCID). Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Kaur G, Jasinski JB, Gallou F, Handa S. Metal-Micelle Interaction Leading to Spontaneous Formation of Ligand-Free Palladium(0) Nanoparticles: Highly Efficient Catalysis Enabling Biaryl Ketone Formation from Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50947-50955. [PMID: 36341774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy has been developed to spontaneously form ligand-free Pd(0) nanoparticles (NPs) from water- and air-sensitive Pd2dba3 in water. These NPs are thoroughly characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry, revealing that the metal-micelle binding plays a critical role in their stability and activity. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy supported the ultrasmall nature of NPs, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the zero-oxidation state of Pd. The shielding effect of micelles and enhanced stability of NPs enabled fast cross-couplings of water-sensitive triazine adducts of carboxylic acid to form nonsymmetrical biaryl ketones. These naturally formed NPs are more efficient than new synthetic NPs formed under a hydrogen atmosphere and traditional NPs formed using the air-sensitive Grignard reagent as a reductant. The activity of naturally formed NPs is compared with that of synthetic NPs over 34 substrates, revealing that naturally formed NPs are much more efficient than synthetic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Jacek B Jasinski
- Materials Characterization, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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7
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Dehydrative Beckmann rearrangement and the following cascade reactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Hosseini N, Mokhtari Aliabad J, Yavari I. DCID-Mediated Heck Cross-Coupling of Phenols via C-O Bond activation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work a Palladium-catalyzed Heck cross-coupling of phenols using dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID) as new reagent for the activation of C-O bond has been developed for the first time. Substituted phenols...
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9
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Neerathilingam N, Bhargava Reddy M, Anandhan R. Regioselective Synthesis of 2° Amides Using Visible-Light-Induced Photoredox-Catalyzed Nonaqueous Oxidative C-N Cleavage of N, N-Dibenzylanilines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15117-15127. [PMID: 34619960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed nonaqueous oxidative C-N cleavage of N,N-dibenzylanilines to 2° amides is reported. Further, we have applied this protocol on 2-(dibenzylamino)benzamide to afford quinazolinones with (NH4)2S2O8 as an additive. Mechanistic studies imply that the reaction might undergo in situ generation of α-amino radical to imine by C-N bond cleavage followed by the addition of superoxide ion to form amides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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10
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Hosseini N, Mokhtari J, Yavari I. Copper‐Catalyzed Sonogashira‐Cross‐Coupling of Phenols Using Dichloroimidazolidinedione. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry Science and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Mokhtari
- Department of Chemistry Science and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
| | - Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry Science and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
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11
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Kim D, Lim HN. An expedient synthesis of cyanoformates via DAST-mediated C C bond cleavage of α-oximino-β-ketoesters. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Xiang S, Li Y, Fan W, Jin J, Zhang W, Huang D. Copper(II)-Dioxygen Facilitated Activation of Nitromethane: Nitrogen Donors for the Synthesis of Substituted 2-Hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitriles and Phthalimides. Front Chem 2021; 8:622867. [PMID: 33585402 PMCID: PMC7878530 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.622867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient method is explored for the synthesis of 2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitriles (2) and phthalimides (4), by using nitromethane as nitrogen donors. Both reactions are promoted by Cu(II) system with the participation of dioxygen as an oxidant. The scope of the method has been successfully demonstrated with a total of 51 examples. The flexible and diversified characteristics of reactions are introduced in terms of electronic effect, steric effect, position of substituted groups, and intramolecular charge transfer. Experimental studies suggest that the methyl nitrite could be a precursor in the path to the final products. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed, including the Cu(II)/O2-facilitated transformation of nitromethane to methyl nitrite, the base-induced formation of 2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitriles, and the base-dioxygen-promoted formation of phthalimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Dev D, Kalita T, Mondal T, Mandal B. Ethyl 2‐Cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) Acetate (
ortho
‐NosylOXY)‐Mediated Double Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes under Microwave Irradiation: A Mechanistic Perception. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharm Dev
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Tapasi Kalita
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Tanmay Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Bhubaneswar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
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14
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Mokhtari J, Madankar K, Mirjafary Z. A Novel Modified Cross-Coupling of Phenols and Amines Using Dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID). Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phenols are considered as an ideal alternative to aryl halides as coupling partners in cross-coupling reactions. In the present work a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of phenols with various aromatic and aliphatic amines for the synthesis of secondary aryl amines using dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID) as a new and efficient activating agent has been developed. Substituted phenols were compatible with the standard reaction conditions. The two proposed mechanisms, which are based on the oxidation addition of copper with Ar-OMCID (MCID: Monochloroimidazolidinedione), are also discussed.
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15
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Tang L, Wang ZL, He YH, Guan Z. An Electrochemical Beckmann Rearrangement: Traditional Reaction via Modern Radical Mechanism. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4929-4936. [PMID: 32710520 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis as a potential means of introducing heteroatoms into the carbon framework is rarely studied. Herein, the electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement, i. e. the direct electrolysis of ketoximes to amides, is presented for the first time. Using a constant current as the driving force, the reaction can be easily carried out under neutral conditions at room temperature. Based on a series of mechanistic studies, a novel radical Beckmann rearrangement mechanism is proposed. This electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement does not follow the trans-migration rule of the classical Beckmann rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Lv Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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16
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Kim D, Lim HN. Synthesis of Acyl Fluorides via DAST-Mediated Fluorinative C-C Bond Cleavage of Activated Ketones. Org Lett 2020; 22:7465-7469. [PMID: 32929974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol for preparation of acyl fluorides was developed by recognizing activated ketones as starting materials. The method provides a different scope compared with previously reported methods that employ carboxylic acids as substrates. A working hypothesis of pull-and-push-driven fluorinative C-C bond cleavage was successfully demonstrated by the simple addition of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) derivatives to α-oximinoketones. The designed reaction system led to a highly efficient and chemoselective reaction. The wide availability of the ketones allowed for a range of synthetically useful aryloyl and aliphatic acyl fluorides including those containing chiral skeletons. The method is mild, fast, scalable, and potentially one-pot operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhee Kim
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Therapeutics&Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Nam Lim
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Therapeutics&Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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17
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Gurjar J, Fokin VV. Sulfuryl Fluoride Mediated Synthesis of Amides and Amidines from Ketoximes via Beckmann Rearrangement. Chemistry 2020; 26:10402-10405. [PMID: 31997464 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free and redox-neutral method for Beckmann rearrangement employing inexpensive and readily available SO2 F2 gas is described. The reported transformation proceeds at ambient temperature and is compatible with a wide range of sterically and electronically diverse aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic and lignin-like oximes providing amides in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds through the formation of an imidoyl fluoride intermediate that can also be used for the synthesis of amidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gurjar
- University of Southern California, The Bridge@USC and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3502, USA
| | - Valery V Fokin
- University of Southern California, The Bridge@USC and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3502, USA
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18
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Tang L, Wang ZL, Wan HL, He YH, Guan Z. Visible-Light-Induced Beckmann Rearrangement by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6182-6186. [PMID: 32790434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile and general strategy for efficient direct conversion of oximes to amides using an inexpensive organic photocatalyst and visible light is described. This radical Beckmann rearrangement can be performed under mild conditions. Various alkyl aryl ketoximes and diaryl ketoximes can be effectively converted into the corresponding amides in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi-Lv Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai-Lan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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19
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Jat JL, Verma S, Kumar P, Khatana AK, Chandra D, Yadav AK, Tiwari B. Zinc(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Secondary Amides from Ketones via Beckmann Rearrangement Using Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic Acid in Aqueous Media. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A zinc(II)-catalyzed single-step protocol for the Beckmann rearrangement using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA) as the nitrogen source in water was developed. This direct method efficiently produces secondary amides under open atmosphere in a pure form after basic aqueous workup. It is environmentally benign and operationally simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar L. Jat
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)
| | - Saumya Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)
| | - Anil K. Khatana
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)
| | - Ajay K. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus
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20
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Santos AS, Silva AMS, Marques MMB. Sustainable Amidation Reactions - Recent Advances. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sofia Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV@REQUIMTE; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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21
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Chandra D, Verma S, Pandey CB, Yadav AK, Kumar P, Tiwari B, Jat JL. Direct synthesis of secondary amides from ketones through Beckmann rearrangement using O-(mesitylsulfonyl)hydroxylamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Madankar K, Mokhtari J, Mirjafary Z. Dichloroimidazolidinedione‐activated one‐pot Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of phenols. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Madankar
- Department of ChemistryScience and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University PO Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Mokhtari
- Department of ChemistryScience and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University PO Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
| | - Zohreh Mirjafary
- Department of ChemistryScience and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University PO Box 14515/775 Tehran Iran
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23
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Wang SM, Zhao C, Zhang X, Qin HL. Clickable coupling of carboxylic acids and amines at room temperature mediated by SO 2F 2: a significant breakthrough for the construction of amides and peptide linkages. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:4087-4101. [PMID: 30957817 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00699k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The construction of amide bonds and peptide linkages is one of the most fundamental transformations in all life processes and organic synthesis. The synthesis of structurally ubiquitous amide motifs is essential in the assembly of numerous important molecules such as peptides, proteins, alkaloids, pharmaceutical agents, polymers, ligands and agrochemicals. A method of SO2F2-mediated direct clickable coupling of carboxylic acids with amines was developed for the synthesis of a broad scope of amides in a simple, mild, highly efficient, robust and practical manner (>110 examples, >90% yields in most cases). The direct click reactions of acids and amines on a gram scale are also demonstrated using an extremely easy work-up and purification process of washing with 1 M aqueous HCl to provide the desired amides in greater than 99% purity and excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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24
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Xu J, Gao Y, Li Z, Liu J, Guo T, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang Z, Guo K. Chlorotropylium Promoted Conversions of Oximes to Amides and Nitriles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Tianfo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Haixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Road South 211816 Nanjing China
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25
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Abstract
The Beckmann rearrangement is an elegant transformation and has been used to great success in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. In this review, the role of different catalysts as well as different medium for Beckmann rearrangement has been discussed over the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences
- National Institute of Technology
- Narela
- India
| | - Suman Srivastava
- Department of Applied Sciences
- National Institute of Technology
- Narela
- India
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26
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Gao Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Guo T, Zhu Y, Yao Z, Liu B, Li Y, Guo K. 4,5-Dioxo-imidazolinium Cation Activation of 1-Acyl-1-carbamoyl Oximes: Access to Cyanoformamides Using Dichloroimidazolidinedione. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1087-1096. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Munnuri S, Verma S, Chandra D, Anugu RR, Falck JR, Jat JL. Cu(OTf) 2-catalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketones Using Hydroxylamine -O-sulfonic Acid (HOSA). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2019; 51:3709-3714. [PMID: 32684655 PMCID: PMC7367085 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Beckmann Rearrangement (BKR) of ketones to secondary amides often requires harsh reaction conditions that limit its practicality and scope. Herein, we describe the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed BKR of ketones under mild reaction conditions using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA), a commercial water soluble aminating agent. This method is compatible with most functional groups and directly provides the desired amides in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailu Munnuri
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Saumya Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
| | - Raghunath Reddy Anugu
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John R. Falck
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jawahar L. Jat
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
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28
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Kumar A, Kumar N, Sharma R, Bhargava G, Mahajan D. Direct Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Various Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the One-Pot Exploiting Curtius Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11323-11334. [PMID: 31393719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report, a single-pot multistep conversion of inactivated carboxylic acids to various N-containing compounds using a common synthetic methodology. The developed methodology rendered the use of carboxylic acids as a direct surrogate of primary amines, for the synthesis of primary ureas, secondary/tertiary ureas, O/S-carbamates, benzoyl ureas, amides, and N-formyls, exploiting the Curtius reaction. This approach has a potential to provide a diversified library of N-containing compounds, starting from a single carboxylic acid, based on the selection of the nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Drug Discovery Research Center , Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad , Haryana 121001 , India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Drug Discovery Research Center , Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad , Haryana 121001 , India
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences , I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University , Kapurthala , Punjab 144603 , India
| | - Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences , I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University , Kapurthala , Punjab 144603 , India
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Drug Discovery Research Center , Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad , Haryana 121001 , India
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29
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Zhang G, Zhao Y, Xuan L, Ding C. SO2
F2
-Activated Efficient Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes for Accessing Amides and Lactams. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lidi Xuan
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
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30
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Xu ZF, Zhang T, Hong W. o-Phthalic Anhydride/Zn(OTf)2 co-catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement under mild conditions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Nguyen VH, Doan SH, Van TT, Pham PH, Nguyen TT, Nguyen NN, Tu TN, Phan NT. A new route to triphenylpyridines utilizing ketoximes as building blocks via cascade reactions under iron-organic framework catalysis. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vu H.H. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology; VNU-HCM; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Son H. Doan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology; VNU-HCM; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Tram T. Van
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology; VNU-HCM; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Phuc H. Pham
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology; VNU-HCM; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Tran T.N. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology; VNU-HCM; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc N. Nguyen
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures; VNU-HCM; Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Thach N. Tu
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures; VNU-HCM; Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Nam T.S. Phan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology; VNU-HCM; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
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32
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Chen Y, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Visible Light-Promoted Beckmann Rearrangements: Separating Sequential Photochemical and Thermal Phenomena in a Continuous Flow Reactor. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:2163-2171. [PMID: 31423105 PMCID: PMC6686973 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Beckmann rearrangement of oximes to amides typically requires strong acids or highly reactive, hazardous electrophiles and/or elevated temperatures to proceed. A very attractive alternative is the in situ generation of Vilsmeier-Haack reagents, by means of photoredox catalysis, as promoters for the thermal Beckmann rearrangement. Investigation of the reaction parameters for this light-induced method using a one-pot strategy has shown that the reaction is limited by the different temperatures required for each of the two sequential steps. Using a continuous flow reactor, the photochemical and thermal processes have been separated by integrating a flow photoreactor unit at low temperature for the electrophile generation with a second reactor unit, at high temperature, where the rearrangement takes place. This strategy has enabled excellent conversions and yields for a diverse set of oximes, minimizing the formation of side products obtained with the original one-pot method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesu Chen
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Inffeldgasse 138010, GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010, GrazAustria
| | - David Cantillo
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Inffeldgasse 138010, GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010, GrazAustria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Inffeldgasse 138010, GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010, GrazAustria
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33
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Wang Y, Chen Q, He M, Wang L. Polystyrene-supported phosphine oxide-catalysed Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1539489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang He
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
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34
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Li Z, Fang C, Zheng Y, Qiu G, Li X, Zhou H. Multicatalytic Beckmann rearrangement of 2-hydroxylarylketone oxime: Switchable synthesis of benzo[d]oxazoles and N-(2-hydroxylaryl)amides. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Panja S, Maity P, Ranu BC. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Decarboxylative Coupling of α- Oxocarboxylic Acid with Aryl Diazonium Tetrafluoroborate: An Access to Unsymmetrical Diaryl Ketones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12609-12618. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subir Panja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata − 700032, India
| | - Pintu Maity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata − 700032, India
| | - Brindaban C. Ranu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata − 700032, India
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