1
|
Dias SL, Chuang L, Liu S, Seligmann B, Brendel FL, Chavez BG, Hoffie RE, Hoffie I, Kumlehn J, Bültemeier A, Wolf J, Herde M, Witte CP, D'Auria JC, Franke J. Biosynthesis of the allelopathic alkaloid gramine in barley by a cryptic oxidative rearrangement. Science 2024; 383:1448-1454. [PMID: 38547266 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The defensive alkaloid gramine not only protects barley and other grasses from insects but also negatively affects their palatability to ruminants. The key gene for gramine formation has remained elusive, hampering breeding initiatives. In this work, we report that a gene encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP76M57, which we name AMI synthase (AMIS), enables the production of gramine in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We reconstituted gramine production in the gramine-free barley (Hordeum vulgare) variety Golden Promise and eliminated it from cultivar Tafeno by Cas-mediated gene editing. In vitro experiments unraveled that an unexpected cryptic oxidative rearrangement underlies this noncanonical conversion of an amino acid to a chain-shortened biogenic amine. The discovery of the genetic basis of gramine formation now permits tailor-made optimization of gramine-linked traits in barley by plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leite Dias
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ling Chuang
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Shenyu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Seligmann
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian L Brendel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin G Chavez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Robert E Hoffie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Iris Hoffie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Arne Bültemeier
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Wolf
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - John C D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teli P, Soni S, Teli S, Agarwal S. Unlocking Diversity: From Simple to Cutting-Edge Synthetic Methodologies of Bis(indolyl)methanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:8. [PMID: 38403746 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
From a synthetic perspective, bis(indolyl)methanes have undergone extensive investigation over the past two to three decades owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities, encompassing anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. These highly desirable attributes have spurred significant interest within the scientific community, leading to the development of various synthetic strategies that are not only more efficient but also ecofriendly. This synthesis-based literature review delves into the advancements made in the past 5 years, focusing on the synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes. The review encompasses a wide array of methods, ranging from well-established techniques to more unconventional and innovative approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the exploration of various substrates, encompassing readily available chemicals such as indole, aldehydes/ketones, indolyl methanols, etc. as well as the use of some specific compounds as starting materials to achieve the synthesis of this invaluable molecule. By encapsulating the latest developments in this field, this review provides insights into the expanding horizons of bis(indolyl)methane synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dogra A, Kumar J. Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136779. [PMID: 36969868 PMCID: PMC10034375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption remain more significant obstacles in clinical trials. Therefore, drug combinations of new phytochemical compounds, phytonanomedicine, semi-synthetic, and synthetic analogs should be considered to supplement the existing cancer therapies. It is also crucial to consider different strategies for increased production of phytochemical bioactive substances. The primary goal of this review is to highlight several bioactive anticancer phytochemical compounds found in plants, preclinical research, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs, and clinical trials. Additionally, biotechnological and metabolic engineering strategies are explored to enhance the production of bioactive phytochemical compounds. Ligands and their interactions with their putative targets are also explored through molecular docking studies. Therefore, emphasis is given to gathering comprehensive data regarding modern biotechnology, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and in silico tools.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahardhika AB, Ressemann A, Kremers SE, Gregório Castanheira MS, Schoeder CT, Müller CE, Pillaiyar T. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of diindolylmethane derivatives as cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonists. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200493. [PMID: 36437108 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural product-derived compound formed upon ingestion of cruciferous vegetables, was recently described to act as a partial agonist of the anti-inflammatory cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtype CB2 . In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of DIM derivatives and determined their affinities for human CB receptor subtypes in radioligand binding studies. Potent compounds were additionally evaluated in functional cAMP accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment assays. Small substituents in the 4-position of both indole rings of DIM were beneficial for high CB2 receptor affinity and efficacy. Di-(4-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)methane (46, PSB-19837, EC50 : cAMP, 0.0144 µM, 95% efficacy compared to the full standard agonist CP55,940; β-arrestin, 0.0149 µM, 67% efficacy) was the most potent CB2 receptor agonist of the present series. Di-(4-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methane (44, PSB-19571) showed higher potency in β-arrestin (EC50 0.0450 µM, 61% efficacy) than in cAMP accumulation assays (EC50 0.509 µM, 85% efficacy) while 3-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-1H-indole (149, PSB-18691) displayed a 19-fold bias for the G protein pathway (EC50 : cAMP, 0.0652 µM; β-arrestin, 1.08 µM). DIM and its analogs act as allosteric CB2 receptor agonists. These potent CB2 receptor agonists have potential as novel drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andhika B Mahardhika
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Ressemann
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah E Kremers
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariana S Gregório Castanheira
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bag D, Sawant SD. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization-Indole Addition Cascade: Synthesis of 3(2 H)-Furanone-Incorporated Unsymmetrical 3,3'- Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4930-4934. [PMID: 35776425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Au(I)-catalyzed domino intramolecular carbonyl-alkyne cyclization/indole addition strategy has been disclosed here. This generalized strategy enables the synthesis of 3(2H)-furanone-incorporated unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes with generation of a stereocenter at the furanone junction from easily accessible indole-tethered ynediones. In addition, this present protocol could also be extended for the synthesis of a number of indolyl-(hetero)arylmethanes by employing a variety of (hetero)arenes as a nucleophile coupling partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis of Indole-Coupled KYNA Derivatives via C–N Bond Cleavage of Mannich Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137152. [PMID: 35806158 PMCID: PMC9266300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KYNAs, a compound with endogenous neuroprotective functions and an indole that is a building block of many biologically active compounds, such as a variety of neurotransmitters, are reacted in a transformation building upon Mannich bases. The reaction yields triarylmethane derivatives containing two biologically potent skeletons, and it may contribute to the synthesis of new, specialised neuroprotective compounds. The synthesis has been investigated via two procedures and the results were compared to those of previous studies. A possible alternative reaction route through acid catalysis has been established.
Collapse
|
7
|
Flury P, Eppler O, Schollmeyer D, Laufer S, Pillaiyar T. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol-mediated hydroarylation of fluorinated alkynes with indoles: Application to diindolylmethanes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100488. [PMID: 35467043 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new mild and practically simple alkyne hydroarylation protocol for the synthesis of 3-(indol-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid esters by the reaction of indole derivatives with ethyl/methyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indol-3-yl)but-2-enoates in trifluoroethanol was developed. This method has the following advantages: no catalyst, atom economy, high yields, broad substrate scope, and large-scale synthesis. The potential application of this protocol was further demonstrated by the synthesis of a variety of CF3 -substituted synthons and a new class of (un)symmetrical 3,3'-diindolylmethanes with a quaternary carbon core that might be biologically active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Flury
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Eppler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong S, Fang X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Li Y. DNA-Compatible Diversification of Indole π-Activated Alcohols via a Direct Dehydrative Coupling Strategy. Org Lett 2022; 24:1022-1026. [PMID: 35050627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Indole-based diversification is highly desired in the DNA-encoded chemical library construction. Herein, we present a general strategy for on-DNA synthesis of diverse C3-functionalized indole derivatives via indole π-activated alcohol formation followed by direct dehydrative coupling. Highly efficient bond linkages of C-C, C-N, and C-S were achieved to fuse building blocks that are widely commercially available. DNA-encoding compatibility of the method has been further demonstrated to pave an avenue for application in constructing indole-focused three-dimensional libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar R, prajapati S, Rastogi SK, Singh A, Bharati M, Deshmukh MM, Sinha AK. Friedel‐Crafts‐type Reaction of (Het)Arenes with Aldehydes/Ketones under Acid‐Free Conditions using Neutral Ionic Liquid: A Convenient Routes to bis(Indolyl)methanes and Beyond. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur road 226031 LUCKNOW INDIA
| | - santosh prajapati
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Sumit K. Rastogi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Akansha Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Mini Bharati
- Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya: Dr Hari Singh Gour University Department of Chemistry INDIA
| | - Milind M. Deshmukh
- Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya: Dr Hari Singh Gour University Department of Chemistry 470003 Sagar INDIA
| | - Arun K. Sinha
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao Y, Wang H, Kang X, Zhang R, Feng N, Su Q. Controllable methylenation with ethylene glycol as the methylene source: bridging enaminones and synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controllable methylenation using renewable ethylene glycol as the methylene source has been developed for the introduction of one or two methylene building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Qi Su
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jenkins L, Marsango S, Mancini S, Mahmud ZA, Morrison A, McElroy SP, Bennett KA, Barnes M, Tobin AB, Tikhonova IG, Milligan G. Discovery and Characterization of Novel Antagonists of the Proinflammatory Orphan Receptor GPR84. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1598-1613. [PMID: 34661077 PMCID: PMC8506611 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
![]()
GPR84 is a poorly
characterized, nominally orphan, proinflammatory
G protein-coupled receptor that can be activated by medium chain length
fatty acids. It is attracting considerable interest as a potential
therapeutic target for antagonist ligands in both inflammatory bowel
diseases and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Successful screening of
more than 300 000 compounds from a small molecule library followed
by detailed analysis of some 50 drug-like hits identified 3-((5,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indole as a high affinity and highly selective competitive
antagonist of human GPR84. Tritiation of a di-iodinated form of the
core structure produced [3H]3-((5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indole, which allowed effective measurement of receptor
levels in both transfected cell lines and lipopolysaccharide-treated
THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells. Although this compound series lacks
significant affinity at mouse GPR84, homology modeling and molecular
dynamics simulations provided a potential rationale for this difference,
and alteration of two residues in mouse GPR84 to the equivalent amino
acids in the human orthologue, predicted to open the antagonist binding
pocket, validated this model. Sequence alignment of other species
orthologues further predicted binding of the compounds as high affinity
antagonists at macaque, pig, and dog GPR84 but not at the rat orthologue,
and pharmacological experiments confirmed these predictions. These
studies provide a new class of GPR84 antagonists that display species
selectivity defined via receptor modeling and mutagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jenkins
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Marsango
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Mancini
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Morrison
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P McElroy
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie A Bennett
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Barnes
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Irina G Tikhonova
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo G, Yuan Y, Bao X, Cao X, Sang T, Wang J, Huo C. Photocatalytic Redox-Neutral Approach to Diarylmethanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:6936-6940. [PMID: 34427451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a visible-light induced redox-neutral decarboxylative cross coupling reaction of indole-3-acetic acid NHPI esters with indoles using a Ru photosensitizer to deliver a wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,3'-bisindolylmethane derivatives. Furthermore, the reaction is readily adapted to the preparation of a wide variety of diarylmethane derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhe Guo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xuehui Cao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Tongzhi Sang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou H, Huang Z, Huang H, Song C, Chang J. Synthesis of bisindolylmethane, bispyrrolylmethane, and indolylpyrrolylmethane derivatives via reductive heteroarylation. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Jasiewicz B, Kozanecka-Okupnik W, Przygodzki M, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Pospieszny T, Mrówczyńska L. Synthesis, antioxidant and cytoprotective activity evaluation of C-3 substituted indole derivatives. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15425. [PMID: 34326403 PMCID: PMC8322387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fifteen indole derivatives substituted at the C-3 position were synthesized and characterized. The antioxidant activity of all derivatives was investigated by three in vitro antioxidant assays, and the derivative with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate moiety was the most active as a radical scavenger and Fe3+-Fe2+ reducer. It can be stated that possible hydrogen and electron transfer mechanism is suggested for the quenching of the free radical. Moreover, the indolyl radical stabilization and the presence of unsubstituted indole nitrogen atom are mandatory for the observed antioxidant activity, which strongly depends on the type of the substituent directly connected to the methylene group at the C-3 position. Human red blood cells (RBC) have been used as a cell model to study derivatives interaction with the cell membrane. Haemolytic activity and RBC shape transformation were observed for certain derivatives in a concentration-dependent manner. However, most of the derivatives at sublytic concentration showed high cytoprotective activity against oxidative haemolysis induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The cytoprotective properties of derivatives can be explained mostly due to their interactions with the RBC membrane components. Taking together, theoretical estimations and experimental data confirm the beneficial interactions between the selected C-3 substituted indole derivatives and the RBC membrane under oxidative stress conditions. These results encourage us to further structural optimization of C-3 substituted indole derivatives as potent antioxidant compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Michał Przygodzki
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pillaiyar T, Sedaghati M, B. Mahardhika A, L. Wendt L, E. Müller C. Iodine-catalyzed electrophilic substitution of indoles: Synthesis of (un)symmetrical diindolylmethanes with a quaternary carbon center. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1464-1475. [PMID: 34221175 PMCID: PMC8218542 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, versatile approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,3'-diindolylmethanes (DIMs) with a quaternary carbon center has been developed via iodine-catalyzed coupling of trifluoromethyl(indolyl)phenylmethanols with indoles. In contrast to previously reported methods, the new procedure is characterized by chemoselectivity, mild conditions, high yields, and scalability to obtain gram amounts for biological studies. Selected compounds were found to display affinity for cannabinoid receptors, which are promising drug targets for the treatment of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany, phone: +49-7071-29-77458
| | - Masoud Sedaghati
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
| | - Andhika B. Mahardhika
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas L. Wendt
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Targeting the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2: From the Establishment of High Throughput Screening to the Design of Tailored Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10423-10429. [PMID: 33655614 PMCID: PMC8014119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro ), the causative agent of COVID-19, constitutes a significant drug target. A new fluorogenic substrate was kinetically compared to an internally quenched fluorescent peptide and shown to be ideally suitable for high throughput screening with recombinantly expressed Mpro . Two classes of protease inhibitors, azanitriles and pyridyl esters, were identified, optimized and subjected to in-depth biochemical characterization. Tailored peptides equipped with the unique azanitrile warhead exhibited concomitant inhibition of Mpro and cathepsin L, a protease relevant for viral cell entry. Pyridyl indole esters were analyzed by a positional scanning. Our focused approach towards Mpro inhibitors proved to be superior to virtual screening. With two irreversible inhibitors, azanitrile 8 (kinac /Ki =37 500 m-1 s-1 , Ki =24.0 nm) and pyridyl ester 17 (kinac /Ki =29 100 m-1 s-1 , Ki =10.0 nm), promising drug candidates for further development have been discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
- Present address: Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical ChemistryEberhard-Karls-University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TübingenGermany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 797078WürzburgGermany
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 797078WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Die Hauptprotease von SARS‐CoV‐2 als Zielstruktur: Von der Etablierung eines Hochdurchsatz‐Screenings zum Design maßgeschneiderter Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische Chemie Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zheng Z, Zha D, Cui P, Zhang H, Li C, Shi J, Han B. Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles for (3-indolyl)methyl ethers under basic condition: Application in unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
19
|
Copper Ferrite Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Cross-coupling Reaction to Form Diindolylmethane (DIM): Effect of Experimental Parameters. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8228.631-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles were utilized as a heterogenous catalyst for the cross-coupling reaction of indole to form 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) as the desirable product. High reaction yield, at around 82%, was achieved under optimal conditions. The CuFe2O4 material could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnetic field and could be reutilized several times without a significant decrease in catalytic activity. We also showed that no sites of catalyst material leached into reaction solution was detected. To our best knowledge, the above cross-coupling reaction was not previously conducted under catalysis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee SO, Choi J, Kook S, Lee SY. Lewis acid-catalyzed double addition of indoles to ketones: synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes with all-carbon quaternary centers. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9060-9064. [PMID: 33124627 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a Lewis acid-catalyzed nucleophilic double-addition of indoles to ketones under mild conditions. This process occurs with various ketones ranging from dialkyl ketones to diaryl ketones, thereby providing access to an array of bis(indolyl)methanes bearing all-carbon quaternary centers, including tetra-aryl carbon centers. The products can be transformed into bis(indole)-fused polycyclics and bis(indolyl)alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si On Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Jeongin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Seunghoon Kook
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Sarah Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Indurthi HK, Virdi R, Koli P, Nageswara Rao D, Sharma DK. Seralite SRC-120 resin catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using indoles and low/high boiling point carbonyl compounds under solvent free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1849724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Reena Virdi
- Overseas Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Phillaur, India
| | - Papita Koli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Sarmah
- Department of Chemical SciencesTezpur University, Napaam Tezpur Assam India, Pin 784028
| | - Utpal Bora
- Department of Chemical SciencesTezpur University, Napaam Tezpur Assam India, Pin 784028
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhu WJ, Gong JF, Song MP. Synthesis of Chiral Bis(3-indolyl)methanes Bearing a Trifluoromethylated All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter via Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9525-9537. [PMID: 32628848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bis(3-indolyl)methanes are well-known natural products with a broad range of important biological functions including cancer cell growth inhibition and antimicrobial activity. Incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group is known to have a profound effect on the parent compound's biological activities. Here, an efficient method for the synthesis of chiral trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methanes via a catalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts (F-C) alkylation reaction has been established. Both enantiomers of the catalysis products can be obtained by tuning the chiral substituents of the catalyst. With 5 mol % of the Ni(II)/(imidazoline-oxazoline) complex as the catalyst, the F-C reaction of indoles with β-CF3-β-(3-indolyl)nitroalkenes proceeded well to afford a series of chiral bis(3-indolyl)methanes bearing a trifluoromethylated all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in generally good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield and 94% ee). Furthermore, by interchanging the indole moieties of the two reactants, indole vs β-CF3-β-(3-indolyl)nitroalkene in the F-C reaction, both enantiomers of a given trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methane were obtained with high enantioselectivities (89-94% ee) upon removal of the indole N-protecting group in the F-C products. The current work represents the first general catalytic enantioselective approach to the important class of trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pillaiyar T, Sedaghati M, Schnakenburg G. Reaction of indoles with aromatic fluoromethyl ketones: an efficient synthesis of trifluoromethyl(indolyl)phenylmethanols using K 2CO 3/ n-Bu 4PBr in water. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:778-790. [PMID: 32395181 PMCID: PMC7189012 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl(indolyl)phenylmethanols by the reaction of indoles with a variety of aromatic fluoromethyl ketones in the presence of K2CO3 (15 mol %) and n-Bu4PBr (15 mol %) in water. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields without requiring a column chromatographic purification. The reusability of the catalytic system and large-scale synthesis of indolyl(phenyl)methanols, which would further transform into biological active indole-derived compounds, are further advantages of this protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Masoud Sedaghati
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
An D, Miao X, Ling X, Chen X, Rao W. DBSA‐Catalyzed Regioselective Dehydrative Friedel‐Crafts Arylation of CF
3
‐Containing 3‐Indolyl(2‐thiophenyl)methanols with 2‐Substituted Indoles in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di An
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhu Miao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxiang Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxiao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan L, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisindolylmethanes by Reaction of Indolylmagnesium Bromides with Sulfonyl Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Hunan Road Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang T, Lu H, Shu Y, Ou Y, Hong L, Au CT, Qiu R. CF3SO2Na-Mediated, UV-Light-Induced Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Ketones/Aldehydes and Bioactivities of Products. Org Lett 2020; 22:827-831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiai Lu
- College of Biology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Shu
- College of Biology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ling Hong
- College of Biology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo S, Zhang Z, Xu J, Li S, Fu Z, Cai H. Acid and 1, 2‐Dichloroethane Co‐Promoted Substitution of the Amino Groups in Gramine and its Analogues with Trialkyl Phosphites. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Guo
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Zhebin Zhang
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Zhengjiang Fu
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meenakshisundaram S, Manickam M, Pillaiyar T. Exploration of imidazole and imidazopyridine dimers as anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900011. [PMID: 31596021 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization of proteins/receptors plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, targeting such dimeric proteins/receptors by dimeric small molecules could be a potential therapeutic approach to treating various diseases, including inflammation-associated diseases like cancer. A novel series of bis-imidazoles (13-18) and bis-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (19-28) were designed and synthesized from Schiff base dimers (1-12) for their anticancer activities. All the synthesized compounds were screened for anticancer activities against three cancer cell lines, including cervical (HeLa), breast (MDA-MB-231), and renal cancer (ACHN). From structure-activity relationship studies, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (19-28) showed remarkable cytotoxic activities, with compounds 19 and 24 showing the best inhibitory activities against all three cell lines. Especially, both 19 and 24 were very effective against the breast cancer cell line (19, GI50 = 0.43 µM; 24, GI50 = 0.3 µM), exceeding the activity of the control adriamycin (GI50 = 0.51 µM). The in vivo anticancer activity results of compounds 19 and 24 were comparable with those of the animals treated with the standard drug tamoxifen. Therefore, the dimeric imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffold could serve as a potential lead for the development of novel anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Manickam
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pillaiyar T, Uzair M, Ullah S, Schnakenburg G, Müller CE. Decarboxylative Coupling Reaction of 2‐(1
H
‐Indol‐3‐yl)acetic Acids with Indole, Azaindole, Benzimidazole and Indazole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Saif Ullah
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry IUniversity of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ling Y, An D, Zhou Y, Rao W. Ga(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Temperature-Controlled Regioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Trifluoromethylated 3-Indolylmethanols with 2-Substituted Indoles: Divergent Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Unsymmetrical 3,3'-and 3,6'-Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:3396-3401. [PMID: 31008615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Ga(OTf)3-catalyzed, temperature-controlled regiodivergent alkylation of 2-substituted indoles with trifluoromethylated 3-indolylmethanols is described that provides structurally diverse unsymmetrical 3,3'- and 3,6'-bis(indolyl)methanes with a CF3-containing quaternary carbon center in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. In addition, this present protocol could be successfully extended to the synthesis of difluoromethylated 3,3'- and 3,6'-bis(indolyl)methanes with excellent efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Di An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang ZK, Xu NX, Wang C, Uchiyama M. Photoinduced C(sp 3 )-N Bond Cleavage Leading to the Stereoselective Syntheses of Alkenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:5433-5439. [PMID: 30829425 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a versatile Mizoroki-Heck-type photoinduced C(sp3 )-N bond cleavage reaction. Under visible-light irradiation (455 nm, blue LEDs) at room temperature, alkyl Katritzky salts react smoothly with alkenes in a 1:1 molar ratio in the presence of 1.0 mol % of commercially available photoredox catalyst without the need for any base, affording the corresponding alkyl-substituted alkenes in good yields with broad functional-group compatibility. Notably, the E/Z-selectivity of the alkene products can be controlled by an appropriate choice of photoredox catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kun Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ning-Xin Xu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hajra S, Maity S, Roy S, Das D. Controlling the regioselectivity of the ring opening of spiro-epoxyoxindoles for efficient synthesis of C(3)–N(1′)-bisindoles and C(3)–N(1′)-diindolylmethane. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7747-7759. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01249d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the construction of both C(3)–N(1′) bisindoles and C(3)–N(1′) diindolylmethane has been explored via tuning of the nucleophilicity of indoline/indole to spiro-epoxyoxindole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus
- Lucknow 226014
- India
| | - Subrata Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus
- Lucknow 226014
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sayan Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus
- Lucknow 226014
- India
| | - Dhiraj Das
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Manauli PO 140306
- India
| |
Collapse
|