1
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Kucharski MM, Watson AJB, Lloyd-Jones GC. Speciation and kinetics of fluoride transfer from tetra- n-butylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate ('TBAT'). Chem Sci 2024; 15:4331-4340. [PMID: 38516098 PMCID: PMC10952091 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05776c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetra-n-butylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (TBAT) is a conveniently handled anhydrous fluoride source, commonly used as a surrogate for tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF). While prior studies indicate that TBAT reacts rapidly with fluoride acceptors, little is known about the mechanism(s) of fluoride transfer. We report on the interrogation of the kinetics of three processes in which fluoride is transferred from TBAT, in THF and in MeCN, using a variety of NMR methods, including chemical exchange saturation transfer, magnetisation transfer, diffusion analysis, and 1D NOESY. These studies reveal ion-pairing between the tetra-n-butylammonium and difluorotriphenylsilicate moieties, and a very low but detectable degree of fluoride dissociation, which then undergoes further equilibria and/or induces decomposition, depending on the conditions. Degenerate exchange between TBAT and fluorotriphenylsilane (FTPS) is very rapid in THF, inherently increases in rate over time, and is profoundly sensitive to the presence of water. Addition of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine and 3 Å molecular sieves stabilises the exchange rate, and both dissociative and direct fluoride transfer are shown to proceed in parallel under these conditions. Degenerate exchange between TBAT and 2-naphthalenyl fluorosulfate (ARSF) is not detected at the NMR timescale in THF, and is slow in MeCN. For the latter, the exchange is near-fully inhibited by exogenous FTPS, indicating a predominantly dissociative character to this exchange process. Fluorination of benzyl bromide (BzBr) with TBAT in MeCN-d3 exhibits moderate progressive autoinhibition, and the initial rate of the reaction is supressed by the presence of exogenous FTPS. Overall, TBAT can act as a genuine surrogate for TBAF, as well as a reservoir for rapidly-reversible release of traces of it, with the relative contribution of the pathways depending, inter alia, on the identity of the fluoride acceptor, the solvent, and the concentration of endogenous or exogenous FTPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Kucharski
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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2
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Xie J, Lan F, Liu X, Weng W, Ding N. The Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbohydrates Using Sulfuryl Fluoride as the Deoxyfluorination Reagent. Org Lett 2023; 25:3796-3799. [PMID: 37191445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination of carbohydrates has been one of the strategies to increase their enzymatic and chemical stabilities and reduce their hydrophilicities, making this modification attractive for drug discovery purposes. The synthesis of monofluorinated carbohydrates was achieved under mild conditions by using SO2F2 as the deoxyfluorination reagent in the presence of a base without extra fluoride additives. This method features low toxicity, easy availability, low cost, and high efficiency and can be subjected to diverse sugar units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fangzhou Lan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuyuan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weizhao Weng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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3
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Nucleophilic Reactions Using Alkali Metal Fluorides Activated by Crown Ethers and Derivatives. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We review crown ether-facilitated nucleophilic reactions using metal salts, presenting the studies using kinetic measurements and quantum chemical methods. We focus on the mechanistic features, specifically on the contact ion-pair (CIP) mechanism of metal salts for nucleophilic processes promoted by crown ethers and derivatives. Experimental verification of the CIP form of the metal salt CsF complexed with [18-Crown-6] by H-NMR spectroscopy is described. The use of chiral crown ethers and derivatives for enantioselective nucleophilic processes is also discussed.
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4
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Tetramethylammonium Fluoride: Fundamental Properties and Applications in C-F Bond-Forming Reactions and as a Base. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophilic ionic sources of fluoride are essential reagents in the synthetic toolbox to access high added-value fluorinated building blocks unattainable by other means. In this review, we provide a concise description and rationale of the outstanding features of one of these reagents, tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), as well as disclosing the different methods for its preparation, and how its physicochemical properties and solvation effects in different solvents are intimately associated with its reactivity. Furthermore, herein we also comprehensively describe its historic and recent utilization, up to December 2021, in C-F bond-forming reactions with special emphasis on nucleophilic aromatic substitution fluorinations with a potential sustainable application in industrial settings, as well as its use as a base capable of rendering unprecedented transformations.
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5
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Convenient and efficient access to tri- and tetra-substituted 4-fluoropyridines via a [3 + 2]/[2 + 1] cyclization reaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Petitpoisson L, Pichette A, Alsarraf J. Towards better syntheses of partially methylated carbohydrates? Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We give an overview of the reported synthetic strategies towards partially methylated glycosides and discuss how better protocols could stem from catalytic site-selective transformations of carbohydrates and cleaner methylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Petitpoisson
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
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7
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McErlain H, Riley LM, Sutherland A. Palladium-Catalyzed C-P Bond-Forming Reactions of Aryl Nonaflates Accelerated by Iodide. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17036-17049. [PMID: 34726917 PMCID: PMC8650017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An iodide-accelerated, palladium-catalyzed C-P bond-forming reaction of aryl nonaflates is described. The protocol was optimized for the synthesis of aryl phosphine oxides and was found to be tolerant of a wide range of aryl nonaflates. The general nature of this transformation was established with coupling to other P(O)H compounds for the synthesis of aryl phosphonates and an aryl phosphinate. The straightforward synthesis of stable, isolable aryl nonaflates, in combination with the rapid C-P bond-forming reaction allows facile preparation of aryl phosphorus target compounds from readily available phenol starting materials. The synthetic utility of this general strategy was demonstrated with the efficient preparation of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) material and a phosphonophenylalanine mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly McErlain
- School of Chemistry, The
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne M. Riley
- School of Chemistry, The
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- School of Chemistry, The
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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8
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Wang X, Zhou M, Liu Q, Ni C, Fei Z, Li W, Hu J. Deoxyfluorination of alcohols with aryl fluorosulfonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8170-8173. [PMID: 34318800 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl fluorosulfonates are developed as a deoxyfluorinating reagent in the transformation of primary and secondary alcohols into the corresponding alkyl fluorides. These reagents feature easy availability, low-cost, high stability and high efficiency. Diverse functionalities including aldehyde, ketone, ester, halogen, nitro, alkene, and alkyne are well tolerated under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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9
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Morales-Colón MT, See YY, Lee SJ, Scott PJH, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Tetramethylammonium Fluoride Alcohol Adducts for S NAr Fluorination. Org Lett 2021; 23:4493-4498. [PMID: 34029110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic aromatic fluorination (SNAr) is among the most common methods for the formation of C(sp2)-F bonds. Despite many recent advances, a long-standing limitation of these transformations is the requirement for rigorously dry, aprotic conditions to maintain the nucleophilicity of fluoride and suppress the generation of side products. This report addresses this challenge by leveraging tetramethylammonium fluoride alcohol adducts (Me4NF·ROH) as fluoride sources for SNAr fluorination. Through systematic tuning of the alcohol substituent (R), tetramethylammonium fluoride tert-amyl alcohol (Me4NF·t-AmylOH) was identified as an inexpensive, practical, and bench-stable reagent for SNAr fluorination under mild and convenient conditions (80 °C in DMSO, without the requirement for drying of reagents or solvent). A substrate scope of more than 50 (hetero) aryl halides and nitroarene electrophiles is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Morales-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yi Yang See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Douglas C Bland
- Process Sciences & Technology, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Hong CM, Whittaker AM, Schultz DM. Nucleophilic Fluorination of Heteroaryl Chlorides and Aryl Triflates Enabled by Cooperative Catalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3999-4006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Hong
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
| | - Aaron M. Whittaker
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
| | - Danielle M. Schultz
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
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11
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Aggarwal T, Sushmita, Verma AK. Achievements in fluorination using variable reagents through a deoxyfluorination reaction. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of fluorination reagent for the direct conversion of alcohols and phenols to fluorinated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trapti Aggarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Sushmita
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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12
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Tay NES, Chen W, Levens A, Pistritto VA, Huang Z, Wu Z, Li Z, Nicewicz DA. 19F- and 18F-Arene Deoxyfluorination via Organic Photoredox-Catalysed Polarity-Reversed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Nat Catal 2020; 3:734-742. [PMID: 33791591 PMCID: PMC8009013 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is routinely used to install 19F- and 18F- in aromatic molecules, but is typically limited to electron-deficient arenes due to kinetic barriers associated with C-F bond formation. Here we demonstrate that a polarity-reversed photoredox-catalysed arene deoxyfluorination operating via cation radical-accelerated nucleophilic aromatic substitution (CRA-SNAr) enables the fluorination of electron-rich arenes with 19F- and 18F- under mild conditions, thus complementing the traditional arene polarity requirements necessary for SNAr-based fluorination. The utility of our radiofluorination strategy is highlighted by short reaction times, compatibility with multiple nucleofuges, and high radiofluorination yields, especially that of an important cancer positron emission tomography (PET) agent [18F]5-fluorouracil ([18F]FU). Taken together, our fluorination approach enables the development of fluorinated and radiofluorinated compounds that can be difficult to access by classical SNAr strategies, with the potential for use in the synthesis and discovery of PET radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Venable Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alison Levens
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Venable Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Vincent A Pistritto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Venable Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Zeng Huang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Venable Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
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13
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Qiu Z, Li CJ. Transformations of Less-Activated Phenols and Phenol Derivatives via C–O Cleavage. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10454-10515. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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14
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Kwon YD, Jeon MH, Park NK, Seo JK, Son J, Ryu YH, Hong SY, Chun JH. Synthesis of 18F-Labeled Aryl Fluorosulfates via Nucleophilic Radiofluorination. Org Lett 2020; 22:5511-5516. [PMID: 32589035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfuryl fluoride gas is a key reagent for SO2F transfer. However, conventional SO2F transfer reactions have limited 18F-radiochemistry translation, due to the inaccessibility of gaseous [18F]SO2F2. Herein, we report the first SO2F2-free synthesis of aryl [18F]fluorosulfates from both phenolic and isolated aryl imidazylate precursors with cyclotron-produced 18F-. The radiochemical yields ranged from moderate to good with excellent functional group tolerance. The reliability of our approach was validated by the automated radiosynthesis of 4-acetamidophenyl [18F]fluorosulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Park
- Department of Chemistry, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facility, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Johansen MB, Gedde OR, Mayer TS, Skrydstrup T. Access to Aryl and Heteroaryl Trifluoromethyl Ketones from Aryl Bromides and Fluorosulfates with Stoichiometric CO. Org Lett 2020; 22:4068-4072. [PMID: 32391697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a sequential one-pot preparation of aromatic trifluoromethyl ketones starting from readily accessible aryl bromides and fluorosulfates, the latter easily prepared from the corresponding phenols. The methodology utilizes low pressure carbon monoxide generated ex situ from COgen to generate Weinreb amides as reactive intermediates that undergo monotrifluoromethylation affording the corresponding aromatic trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs) in good yields. The stoichiometric use of CO enables the possibility for accessing 13C-isotopically labeled TFMK by switching to the use of 13COgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Johansen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Åbogade 40, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Oliver R Gedde
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thea S Mayer
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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Planas O, Wang F, Leutzsch M, Cornella J. Fluorination of arylboronic esters enabled by bismuth redox catalysis. Science 2020; 367:313-317. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Planas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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17
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Wang SM, Zhao C, Zhang X, Qin HL. Clickable coupling of carboxylic acids and amines at room temperature mediated by SO 2F 2: a significant breakthrough for the construction of amides and peptide linkages. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:4087-4101. [PMID: 30957817 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00699k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The construction of amide bonds and peptide linkages is one of the most fundamental transformations in all life processes and organic synthesis. The synthesis of structurally ubiquitous amide motifs is essential in the assembly of numerous important molecules such as peptides, proteins, alkaloids, pharmaceutical agents, polymers, ligands and agrochemicals. A method of SO2F2-mediated direct clickable coupling of carboxylic acids with amines was developed for the synthesis of a broad scope of amides in a simple, mild, highly efficient, robust and practical manner (>110 examples, >90% yields in most cases). The direct click reactions of acids and amines on a gram scale are also demonstrated using an extremely easy work-up and purification process of washing with 1 M aqueous HCl to provide the desired amides in greater than 99% purity and excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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18
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Cheng HG, Pu M, Kundu G, Schoenebeck F. Selective Methylation of Amides, N-Heterocycles, Thiols, and Alcohols with Tetramethylammonium Fluoride. Org Lett 2020; 22:331-334. [PMID: 31834810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We herein disclose the use of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) as a direct and selective methylating agent of a variety of amides, indoles, pyrroles, imidazoles, alcohols, and thiols. The method is characterized by operational simplicity, wide scope, and ease of purification. Our computational studies suggest a concerted methylation-deprotonation as the preferred reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gang Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
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19
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Köckinger M, Hanselmann P, Hu G, Hone CA, Kappe CO. Continuous flow synthesis of aryl aldehydes by Pd-catalyzed formylation of phenol-derived aryl fluorosulfonates using syngas. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22449-22453. [PMID: 35514543 PMCID: PMC9054596 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication describes the palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of aryl fluorosulfonates (ArOSO2F) using syngas as an inexpensive and sustainable source of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The conversion of phenols to aryl fluorosulfonates can be conveniently achieved by employing the inexpensive commodity chemical sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) and base. The developed continuous flow formylation protocol requires relatively low loadings for palladium acetate (1.25 mol%) and ligand (2.5 mol%). Good to excellent yields of aryl aldehydes were obtained within 45 min for substrates containing electron withdrawing substituents, and 2 h for substrates containing electron donating substituents. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as 120 °C temperature and 20 bar pressure in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. DMSO was crucial in suppressing Pd black formation and enhancing reaction rate and selectivity. Pd-catalyzed formylation of aryl fluorosulfonates by using syngas as an atom efficient and sustainable source of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Köckinger
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | | | - Guixian Hu
- R&D Chemistry
- LPBN
- Lonza AG
- CH-3930 Visp
- Switzerland
| | - Christopher A. Hone
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
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20
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Ferguson DM, Melvin PR, Sanford MS. Deoxyfluorination of (Hetero)aryl Aldehydes Using Tetramethylammonium Fluoride and Perfluorobutanesulfonyl Fluoride or Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin M. Ferguson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan 930 N University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Patrick R. Melvin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan 930 N University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan 930 N University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
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21
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Yasui K, Kamitani M, Tobisu M. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryl Fluorides Bearing α,β‐Unsaturated Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14157-14161. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Miharu Kamitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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22
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Yasui K, Kamitani M, Tobisu M. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryl Fluorides Bearing α,β‐Unsaturated Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Miharu Kamitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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23
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Markos A, Voltrová S, Motornov V, Tichý D, Klepetářová B, Beier P. Stereoselective Synthesis of (
Z
)‐β‐Enamido Triflates and Fluorosulfonates from
N
‐Fluoroalkylated Triazoles. Chemistry 2019; 25:7640-7644. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Markos
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 2030/8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Voltrová
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Motornov
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Higher Chemical CollegeD. I. Mendeleev University of the, Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 Moscow 125047 Russia
| | - David Tichý
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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24
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Ma C, Zhao CQ, Xu XT, Li ZM, Wang XY, Zhang K, Mei TS. Nickel-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Fluorosulfates Using Carbon Dioxide. Org Lett 2019; 21:2464-2467. [PMID: 30912447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and practical methods to construct carboxylic acids using CO2 as a C1 synthon is of great importance. Nickel-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl fluorosulfates and heteroaryl fluorosulfates with CO2 is described, affording arene carboxylic acids with good to excellent yields under mild conditions. In addition, a one-pot phenol fluorosulfation/carboxylation is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Chuan-Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China
| | - Zhao-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
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25
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Zhao C, Zha GF, Fang WY, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Construction of Di(hetero)arylmethanes Through Pd-Catalyzed Direct Dehydroxylative Cross-Coupling of Benzylic Alcohols and Aryl Boronic Acids Mediated by Sulfuryl Fluoride (SO2
F2
). European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - K. P. Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
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26
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Barrow AS, Smedley CJ, Zheng Q, Li S, Dong J, Moses JE. The growing applications of SuFEx click chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4731-4758. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00960k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SuFEx (Sulfur Fluoride Exchange) is a modular, next generation family of click reactions, geared towards the rapid and reliable assembly of functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Barrow
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - C. J. Smedley
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Q. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - S. Li
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - J. Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - J. E. Moses
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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