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Xing J, Tang HY, Chen JL, Huang Z, Liang JJ, Quan YS, Mao JG. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitrones Via Redox Cross-Coupling of Nitro Compounds and Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9841-9852. [PMID: 38917372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the synthesis of nitrones via palladium-catalyzed redox cross-coupling of nitro compounds and alcohols is established. The protocol is a mild, convenient, ligand-free, and scalable synthesis method that can be compatible with various nitro compounds and alcohols. Nitrone is a significant multifunctional platform synthon which can be synthesized directly and efficiently via this tactic from commercially available and cheap raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Sheng Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Gang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
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2
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Chen P, Zhang W, Gao Q. Roughness-Dependent Electro-Reductive Coupling of Nitrobenzenes and Aldehydes on Copper Electrodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300180. [PMID: 36988187 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The electro-reductive coupling of nitro and carbonyl compounds enables a facile, environmentally friendly and energy benign transformation toward value-added nitrones or imines, but the selectivity is still challenging. Here, the surface roughness of Cu electrodes is introduced for the first time as the determinant to switch products from nitrones to imines owing to the controllable reduction of nitroarenes to hydroxylamines or amines on tailored CuI /Cu0 interfaces. The roughness-dependent selectivity, that is the decrease of nitrones and the increase of imines with enhanced roughness, is visible in the electro-reductive coupling of nitrobenzene and furfural. Thus, the high selectivity of nitrone (98 %) and imine (80 %) can be achieved on a surface smooth Cu foil and the one electrochemically roughened in the presence of I- , respectively. Such roughness-dependence of nitrone/imine selectivity on Cu electrodes is further verified in a wide substrate scope, highlighting the promise of surface/interfacial engineering for electrochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjian Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qingsheng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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3
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Yavari I, Shaabanzadeh S. Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds Play the Dual Role of Starting Material and Oxidation Inhibitor for Hydrazides in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15077-15085. [PMID: 36347012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electrooxidation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds to produce hydrazones as an alternate for conventional pathways has an enormous dignity. Under the aegis of electricity, instead of hazardous metal catalysts and external oxidants, we unveil an electrochemical process for electrooxidation of various benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds in aqueous media in all pH ranges that subsequently produce hydrazones with further reactions. This electrooxidative reaction strategy provides an acceptable condition for synthesizing hydrazones with various functional groups in good efficiency and amenable to gram-scale synthesis. The electrochemical oxidation condition proves an excellent level of compatibility with super cheap electrolyte NaCl for the oxidation of benzylic C(sp3)-H position despite the highly oxidizable hydrazide group remaining intact in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
| | - Sina Shaabanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
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4
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Shukla G, Yadav D, Singh S, Shankar Singh M. Access to Nitrones from Amines via Electrocatalysis at Room Temperature. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
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5
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Granato Á, Amarante GW, Adrio J. Metal-Free Solvent Promoted Oxidation of Benzylic Secondary Amines to Nitrones with H 2O 2. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13817-13823. [PMID: 34528787 PMCID: PMC8650016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign protocol for the generation of nitrones from benzylic secondary amines via catalyst-free oxidation of secondary amines using H2O2 in MeOH or CH3CN is described. This methodology provides a selective access to a variety of C-aryl nitrones in yields of 60 to 93%. Several studies have been performed to shed light on the reaction mechanism and the role of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álisson
Silva Granato
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Chemistry
Department, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Sao Pedro, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Wilson Amarante
- Chemistry
Department, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Sao Pedro, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Javier Adrio
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Lin Y, Jin J, Wang C, Wan JP, Liu Y. Electrochemical C-H Halogenations of Enaminones and Electron-Rich Arenes with Sodium Halide (NaX) as Halogen Source for the Synthesis of 3-Halochromones and Haloarenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12378-12385. [PMID: 34392684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Without employing an external oxidant, the simple synthesis of 3-halochromones and various halogenated electron-rich arenes has been realized with electrode oxidation by employing the simplest sodium halide (NaX, X = Cl, Br, I) as halogen source. This electrochemical method is advantageous for the simple and mild room temperature operation, environmental friendliness as well as broad substrate scope in both C-H bond donor and halogen source components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jin
- BioDuro-Sundia, 233 North FuTe Road, Shanghai200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wu T, Moeller KD. Organic Electrochemistry: Expanding the Scope of Paired Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA
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8
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Wu T, Moeller KD. Organic Electrochemistry: Expanding the Scope of Paired Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12883-12890. [PMID: 33768678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paired electrochemical reactions allow the optimization of both atom and energy economy of oxidation and reduction reactions. While many paired electrochemical reactions take advantage of perfectly matched reactions at the anode and cathode, this matching of substrates is not necessary. In constant current electrolysis, the potential at both electrodes adjusts to the substrates in solution. In principle, any oxidation reaction can be paired with any reduction reaction. Various oxidation reactions conducted on the anodic side of the electrolysis were paired with the generation and use of hydrogen gas at the cathode, showing the generality of the anodic process in a paired electrolysis and how the auxiliary reaction required for the oxidation could be used to generate a substrate for a non-electrolysis reaction. This is combined with variations on the cathodic side of the electrolysis to complete the picture and illustrate how oxidation and reduction reactions can be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Li P, Zhang T, Mushtaq MA, Wu S, Xiang X, Yan D. Research Progress in Organic Synthesis by Means of Photoelectrocatalysis. CHEM REC 2021; 21:841-857. [PMID: 33656241 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of radical chemistry has spurred several innovative strategies for organic synthesis. The novel approaches for organic synthesis play a critical role in promoting and regulating the single-electron redox activity. Among them, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) has attained considerable attention as the most promising strategy to convert organic compounds into fine chemicals. This review highlights the current progress in organic synthesis through PEC, including various catalytic reactions, catalyst systems and practical applications. The numerous catalytic reactions suffer the high overpotential and poor conversion efficiency, depending on the design of electrolyzers and the reaction mechanisms. We also considered the recent developments with special emphasis on scientific problems and efficient solutions, which enhance accessibility to utilize and further develop the photoelectrocatalytic technology for the specific chemical bonds formation and the fabrication of numerous catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Asim Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Siqin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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Jamshidi M, Amani A, Khazalpour S, Torabi S, Nematollahi D. Progress and perspectives of electrochemical insights for C–H and N–H sulfonylation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03574f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive electrosulfonylation study has been carried out via cathodic and anodic approaches for the production of organosulfone and sulfonamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jamshidi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan 65174, Iran
| | - Ameneh Amani
- Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Sara Torabi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan 65174, Iran
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11
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Synthesis and investigation of dyeing properties of 8-hydroxyquinoline-based azo dyes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Wirtanen T, Rodrigo E, Waldvogel SR. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Reduction of Substrates Involving N−O Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wirtanen
- epartment ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- epartment ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- epartment ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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