1
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Huang W, Wang S, Li M, Zhao L, Peng M, Kang C, Jiang G, Ji F. Electrochemical N-Acylation of Sulfoximine with Hydroxamic Acid. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38018775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread applications of sulfoximines, green and efficient access to functionalized sulfoximines remains a challenge. By employing an electrochemical strategy, we describe an approach for the construction of N-aroylsulfoximines, which features a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, safety on a gram scale, and no need for an external oxidant and transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Longqiang Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Kang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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2
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Conrad JK, Mezyk SP, Isherwood LH, Baidak A, Pilgrim CD, Whittaker D, Orr RM, Pimblott SM, Horne GP. Gamma Radiation-Induced Degradation of Acetohydroxamic Acid (AHA) in Aqueous Nitrate and Nitric Acid Solutions Evaluated by Multiscale Modelling. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200749. [PMID: 36470592 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) has been proposed for inclusion in advanced, single-cycle, used nuclear fuel reprocessing solvent systems for the reduction and complexation of plutonium and neptunium ions. For this application, a detailed description of the fundamental degradation of AHA in dilute aqueous nitric acid is required. To this end, we present a comprehensive, multiscale computer model for the coupled radiolytic and hydrolytic degradation of AHA in aqueous sodium nitrate and nitric acid solutions. Rate coefficients for the reactions of AHA and hydroxylamine (HA) with the oxidizing nitrate radical were measured for the first time using electron pulse radiolysis and used as inputs for the kinetic model. The computer model results are validated by comparison to experimental data from steady-state gamma ray irradiations, for which the agreement is excellent. The presented model accurately predicts the yields of the major degradation products of AHA: acetic acid, HA, nitrous oxide, and molecular hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacy K Conrad
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Fremont Ave., 83415, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Stephen P Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, 90840, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Liam H Isherwood
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, West Lakes Science Park, CA24 3HA, Moor Row, U. K.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K
| | - Aliaksandr Baidak
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, West Lakes Science Park, CA24 3HA, Moor Row, U. K.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K
| | - Corey D Pilgrim
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Fremont Ave., 83415, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Daniel Whittaker
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, CA20 1PG, Cumbria, U.K
| | - Robin M Orr
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, CA20 1PG, Cumbria, U.K
| | - Simon M Pimblott
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Fremont Ave., 83415, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Gregory P Horne
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Fremont Ave., 83415, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
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3
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Muniz Carvalho E, Silva Sousa EH, Bernardes‐Génisson V, Gonzaga de França Lopes L. When NO
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Is not Enough: Chemical Systems, Advances and Challenges in the Development of NO
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and HNO Donors for Old and Current Medical Issues. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edinilton Muniz Carvalho
- Bioinorganic Group Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Center of Sciences Federal University of Ceará Pici Campus Fortaleza 60455-760 Brazil
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC UPR 8241 205 Route de Narbonne, 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9 France
| | - Eduardo Henrique Silva Sousa
- Bioinorganic Group Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Center of Sciences Federal University of Ceará Pici Campus Fortaleza 60455-760 Brazil
| | - Vania Bernardes‐Génisson
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC UPR 8241 205 Route de Narbonne, 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9 France
| | - Luiz Gonzaga de França Lopes
- Bioinorganic Group Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Center of Sciences Federal University of Ceará Pici Campus Fortaleza 60455-760 Brazil
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4
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Mukosera GT, Liu T, Manaen M, Zhu L, Power G, Schroeder H, Blood AB. Deferoxamine produces nitric oxide under ferricyanide oxidation, blood incubation, and UV-irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:458-470. [PMID: 32828952 PMCID: PMC11059783 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, is used therapeutically for the removal of excess iron in multiple clinical conditions such as beta thalassemia and intracerebral hemorrhage. DFO is also used as an iron chelator and hypoxia-mimetic agent in in vivo and in vitro basic research. Here we unexpectedly discover DFO to be a nitric oxide (NO) precursor in experiments where it was intended to act as an iron chelator. Production of NO from aqueous solutions of DFO was directly observed by ozone-based chemiluminescence using a ferricyanide-based assay and was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). DFO also produced NO following exposure to ultraviolet light, and its incubation with sheep adult and fetal blood resulted in considerable formation of iron nitrosyl hemoglobin, as confirmed by both visible spectroscopy and EPR. These results suggest that experiments using DFO can be confounded by concomitant production of NO, and offer new insight into some of DFO's unexplained clinical side effects such as hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Mukosera
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Taiming Liu
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Meshach Manaen
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lingchao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Gordon Power
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Hobe Schroeder
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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5
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Carvalho EM, de Freitas Paulo T, Saquet AS, Abbadi BL, Macchi FS, Bizarro CV, de Morais Campos R, Ferreira TLA, do Nascimento NRF, Lopes LGF, Chauvin R, Sousa EHS, Bernardes-Génisson V. Pentacyanoferrate(II) complex of pyridine-4- and pyrazine-2-hydroxamic acid as source of HNO: investigation of anti-tubercular and vasodilation activities. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:887-901. [PMID: 32728907 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacophore design approach, based on the coordination chemistry of an intimate molecular hybrid of active metabolites of pro-drugs, known to release active species upon enzymatic oxidative activation, is devised. This is exemplified by combining two anti-mycobacterial drugs: pyrazinamide (first line) and delamanid (third line) whose active metabolites are pyrazinoic acid (PyzCOOH) and likely nitroxyl (HNO (or NO.)), respectively. Aiming to generate those active species, a hybrid compound was envisaged by coordination of pyrazine-2-hydroxamic acid (PyzCONHOH) with a Na3[FeII(CN)5] moiety. The corresponding pentacyanoferrate(II) complex Na4[FeII(CN)5(PyzCONHO-)] was synthesized and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations. Chemical oxidation of this complex with H2O2 was shown to induce the release of the metabolite PyzCOOH, without the need of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pyrazinamidase enzyme (PncA). Control experiments show that both H2O2- and N-coordinated pyrazine FeII species are required, ruling out a direct hydrolysis of the hydroxamic acid or an alternative oxidative route through chelation of a metal center by a hydroxamic group. The release of HNO was observed using EPR spectroscopy in the presence of a spin trapping agent. The devised iron metal complex of pyrazine-2-hydroxamic acid was found inactive against an actively growing/non-resistant Mtb strain; however, it showed a strong dose-dependent and reversible vasodilatory activity with mostly lesser toxic effects than the reference drug sodium nitroprussiate, unveiling thus a potential indication for acute or chronic cardiovascular pathology. This is a priori a further indirect evidence of HNO release from this metal complex, standing as a possible pharmacophore model for an alternative vasodilator drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinilton Muniz Carvalho
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, LCC, UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Cedex 4 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Cedex 9, Toulouse, France.,Grupo de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica E Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Tercio de Freitas Paulo
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, LCC, UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Cedex 4 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Cedex 9, Toulouse, France.,Grupo de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica E Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Alix Sournia Saquet
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, LCC, UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lopes Abbadi
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular E Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Souza Macchi
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular E Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Valim Bizarro
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular E Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Morais Campos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular E Renal, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CEP, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Talles Luann Abrantes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular E Renal, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CEP, 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Gonzaga França Lopes
- Grupo de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica E Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, LCC, UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Cedex 4 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
| | - Eduardo Henrique Silva Sousa
- Grupo de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica E Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Vania Bernardes-Génisson
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, LCC, UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Cedex 4 Toulouse, France. .,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Cedex 9, Toulouse, France.
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6
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Nakamoto M, Zhao D, Benice OR, Lee SH, Shea KJ. Abiotic Mimic of Endogenous Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases: Engineering Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles for Use as a Broad-Spectrum Metalloproteinase Inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2338-2345. [PMID: 31918547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a process for engineering a synthetic polymer nanoparticle (NP) that functions as an effective, broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor. Inhibition is achieved by incorporating three functional elements in the NP: a group that interacts with the catalytic zinc ion, functionality that enhances affinity to the substrate-binding pocket, and fine-tuning of the chemical composition of the polymer to strengthen NP affinity for the enzyme surface. The approach is validated by synthesis of a NP that sequesters and inhibits the proteolytic activity of snake venom metalloproteinases from five clinically relevant species of snakes. The mechanism of action of the NP mimics that of endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. The strategy provides a general design principle for synthesizing abiotic polymer inhibitors of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Olivia Rose Benice
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Shih-Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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7
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Carvalho EM, Rechignat L, Sousa EHSD, Lopes LGDF, Chauvin R, Bernardes-Génisson V. Mechanistic insights into the in vitro metal-promoted oxidation of (di)azine hydroxamic acids: evidence of HNO release and N, O-di(di)azinoyl hydroxylamine intermediate. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HNO is released through a one-electron oxidation of the hydroxamic acid along with the N,O-di(di)azinoylhydroxylamine intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel Rechignat
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- LCC
- UPR 8241
- F-31077 Toulouse
- France
| | | | - Luiz Gonzaga de França Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- LCC
- UPR 8241
- F-31077 Toulouse
- France
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8
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Tian M, Lan T, Gao M, Li B, Zhang G, Wang HB. Synthesis and Characterization of Two Chiral Pyrrolyl α-Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals and Determination of their Cytotoxicity and Radioprotective Properties in C6 Cells and Mice under Ionizing Radiation. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two chiral nitronyl nitroxyl radicals, L1 and D1, were synthesized and evaluated for their potential radioprotective properties invitro and invivo. We synthesized the new stable nitronyl nitroxide radicals, L1 and D1, according to Ullman’s method, and their chemical structures were characterized using UV-vis absorption, electron spin resonance (ESR), and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The cytotoxicity of L1 and D1 on C6 glioma cells (C6 cells) was examined using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. To study the anti-radiation effects of L1 and D1 on C6 cells, we determined the optical density (OD) values of irradiated C6 cells using the MTT assay. The effects of L1 and D1 on the survival rate of mice after radiation exposure was evaluated. To demonstrate the influence of L1 and D1 pre-treatment on the antioxidant enzyme system, we studied the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) in mouse plasma after exposure to 6.5 Gy gamma radiation. The results showed that L1 and D1 did not have any obvious cytotoxicity at concentrations below 125μgmL−1. Moreover, L1 and D1 had the same cytotoxic effects on C6 cells. L1 and D1 significantly enhanced C6 cell survival after 8, 10, and 12 Gy radiation exposure, and there was no significant difference in the OD values between L1 and D1. The effects of these drugs on mouse survival rates were dose-dependent. Pre-treatment with different concentrations of L1, D1, or WR2721 significantly increased the activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH and significantly decreased the activity of MDA compared with radiation exposure only. In addition, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH in the L1 group were higher than those in the D1 group, whereas the activity of MDA was lower. Therefore, L1 and D1 have potential as safe and efficient therapeutic drugs against radiation damage.
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9
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Maimon E, Lerner A, Samuni A, Goldstein S. Direct Observation of Acyl Nitroso Compounds in Aqueous Solution and the Kinetics of Their Reactions with Amines, Thiols, and Hydroxamic Acids. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7006-7013. [PMID: 30111101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acyl nitroso compounds or nitrosocarhonyls (RC(O)N═O) are reactive short-lived electrophiles, and their hydrolysis and reactions with nucleophiles produce HNO. Previously, direct detection of acyl nitroso species in nonaqueous media has been provided by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy demonstrating that its half-life is about 1 ms. In the present study hydroxamic acids (RC(O)NHOH) are oxidized electrochemically in buffered aqueous solutions (pH 5.9-10.2) yielding transient species characterized by their maximal absorption at 314-330 nm. These transient species decompose via a first-order reaction yielding mainly HNO and the respective carboxylic acid and therefore are ascribed to RC(O)N═O. The sufficiently long half-life of RC(O)N═O in aqueous solution allows for the first time the study of the kinetics of its reactions with various nucleophiles demonstrating that the nucleophilic reactivity follows the order thiolate > hydroxamate > amine. Metal chelates of CH3C(O)NHOH catalyze the hydrolysis of CH3C(O)N═O at the efficacy order of CuII > ZnII > NiII > CoII where only CuII catalyzes the hydrolysis also in the absence of the hydroxamate. Finally, oxidation of hydroxamic acids generates HNO, and the rate of this process is determined by the half-life of the respective acyl nitroso compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer Sheva 84190 , Israel.,Chemistry Department , Ben-Gurion University , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel
| | - Ana Lerner
- Chemistry Department , Ben-Gurion University , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel
| | - Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research-Israel Canada, Medical School , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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